并列句(精讲精练)

并列句的分类：

何谓并列结构

一个英语句子有时候具有两个或两个以上相互连接而又属于同一层次即具有相同句法功能的语言结构，这种结构称为并列结构。并列结构通常用并列连词来连接两个或两个以上平行的词、词组或分词：Are we to have the speech contest today or tomorrow?(并列连词or连接两个平行的单词)

You can go to Beijing either by train or by plane. (并列连词either…or连接两个平行的词组)

Hurry up, or we shall be late for the lecture. (or连接两句分句)

1. 表示联合关系的并列句

连词有and(同，和), not only…but (also)…(不仅……而且……), neither…nor…（既不……也不……），when(=and just at this time就在这时)，as well as（和，以及）等。如：

and

1)常译为“和”、“并且”，也可不译出来。例如：

He likes playing football and he plays well.

Last year l met Kate and we became friends.

I heard a crash and went out to see what had happened.

2）and连接祈使句和陈述句以表示条件，即祈使句+ and

Press the button and the machine runs by itself.

Make another effort and you will succeed.

when

when(=and just at this time就在这时），主要用于

be doing…when… 正在做某事，这时发生了另一事

I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.

He was having a bad dream when a shout woke him up.

be about to do…when…正要做某事，这时发生了另一事

we were about to start when it began to rain.

He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.

have/had done …….when ….刚做完某事，这时发生了另一事”。

We had just fallen asleep when the bell rang.

She had just finished dressing when her guests arrived.

both---and

both…and…只能连接两个属同一层次，即语法结构相同的并列成分：

Both Martha and her sister paid a visit to China not long ago. (连接两个并列的主语)

I teach myself both physics and mathematics. (连接两个并列的宾语)

Kenneth is both clever and diligent. (连接两个并列的用作表语的形容词)

Judith is a versatile girl. She can both sing and dance. (连接两个并列的动词)

neither…nor… 既不---也不---

Neither you nor he konws it. (连接用作主语的代词)

The old man can neither read nor write. (连接动词)

I drink neither coffee nor tea. (连接宾语)

The story is neither interesting nor instructive. (连接用作表语的形容词)

Gas is a substance with neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. (连接介词宾语)

I believe neither what you said before nor what you are saying now. (连接宾语从句)

注意：

(1)Neither置于句首时，neither…nor…所连接的分句均须主谓倒装：

I don't like that girl. Neither have I dated her for a dance(约她跳舞) nor will I do so.

Neither does he play the cello nor does his brother.

(2)Neither…nor…连接主语时，后面的动词在数上应与靠近的主语取得一致：

Neither Ike nor I am going to attend the meeting. (动词与I靠近，故用am。)

Neither Ike nor he is going to attend the meeting. (动词与he靠近，故用is。)

not only…but also…，“不但…而且…”：

(1)后面须接平行结构：

Hangzhou is famous not only for its beautiful scenery but also for its longjing tea. (连接两个介词短语) He is not only an architect but also a painter. (连接两个表语)

She speaks not only English but also French. (连接两个宾语)

Father not only said it but also did it. (连接两个谓语动词)

Not only they but also we are invited. (连接两个作主语的代词)

Students should develop not only intellectually, but also morally and physically. (连接副词)

(2)not only…but also…句中谓语动词的数应与but also后面的主语取得一致。试比较：

Not only you but also he is invited.

Not only he but also I am invited.