加拿大青少年体育素养测评体系PLAY解读及启示

加拿大青少年体育素养测评体系PLAY解读及启示

Abstract：Physical literacy is a comprehensive capability in sport. Its level reflects the possibility of lifelong sports and physical education quality standards. How to measure and evaluate the level of literacy of sports has always been concerned by national sports circles. Physical literacy research and practice in Canada has been at the forefront of the world，whose physical literacy assessment for youth （PLAY）issued by Canada is a set of “three-dimensional wrap-around” assessment tools with evalua tions by experts，parents，teachers and the self-evaluation of the youth as a whole，and with attention to changes and new trends. It has focused on the evaluation content，style，main dimensions，and architecture. By means of analyzing the constituting elements and the deconstruct of PLAY，as well as practical observation，we find that this system has a strong inspiration and reference to sports literacy assessment in China，mainly in 1）expanding the physical literacy assessment items and strengthening the guiding and nurturing function of physical literacy assessment；2）building a “family，school and student” three-in-one assessment structure and strengthening the linkage of physical literacy’s stakeholders，and 3）encouraging social forces to participate in the construction of physical literacy and create a good physical literacy environment.

Keywords：Canada；physical literacy；assessment；youth；physical education

許多国家和地区在发展体育素养概念内涵的基础上，在体育、教育和健康等领域积极推动体育素养相关工作的开展：美国将体育素养作为学校体育的指导思想和培养目标；英国设计了《小学体育素养框

架》用于指导教师、家长最大限度地发展青少年体育素养；加拿大将体育素养列入学校体育、联邦教育法规及运动员长期规划中；我国也在《关于强化学校体育促进学生身心健康全面发展的意见》（国办发〔2016〕27号）的基本原则中提出全面提高学生体育素养。

体育素养测评是体育素养研究与实践的关键环节，一方面，测评结果能够反映学生状态和学校体育教育质量，另一方面，体育素养测评自身能够发挥“以评促建”的导向作用，对体育素养教育的全过程产生积极影响。测评是一项系统工程，既包含测评指标体系，也涉及测评与反馈的动态过程。当前国内外学者和有关机构研发的若干测评体系[7-9]在实践应用中面临一些阻力和困难。加拿大研制颁布了青少年体育素养测评体系（the physical literacy assessment for youth，PLAY），而PLAY作为单词的含义是玩耍、游戏，恰好与体育素养是个体尽情玩耍和游戏的基础素养这一指导理念相呼应。PLAY测评体系涉及测评指标、测评过程、测评主客体等多个方面，具有系统性和可操作性，对其研制背景、系统架构与内容、实践应用与实施要点的分析与研究，具有理论与实践意义。