2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(十)
2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（一）
2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（一）以下《2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（一）》由考研英语模拟题为您独家提供，欢迎大家参考。
A history of longand effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, itmay become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowingperiod after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight timeslarger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies ofscale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled.America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans andAsians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as othercountries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance provedpainful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over theirfading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such asconsumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreigncompetition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith.(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July。
2014考研英语阅读冲刺练习模拟测试与答案(1)
凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员效劳！2021考研英语阅读冲刺练习模拟测试及答案 (1)PassageWecan make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen? WhenI got that great job,did Jim really feel good about it,as a friend?Or did he envy my luck?And Paul-why didn't pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car? When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back,it's too late.Why do we go wrong about our friends-or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen we miss the feeling behindthe words. Suppose someone tells you, You're a lucky dog. That's being friendly.But lucky dog? There's a bit of envy in those words.Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the dog bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is thatthe doesn't think you deserve your luck.Just think of all the things you have to be thankful foris another noise thatsays one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to getyou to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up inthis phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you tothink of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to takea good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what hesays agree with the tone of voice? His posture(姿态 )? The look in his eyes? Stopand think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people toyou may save another mistake.1. This passage is mainly about.A)how to interpret what people say凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员效劳！B)what to do when you listen to others talkingC)how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with peopleD)Why we go wrong with people sometimes2.According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that.A)We fail to listen carefully when they talkB) People tend to be annoyed when we check what theysay C)People usually state one thing but means anotherD)We tend to doubt what our friends say3.In the sentence Maybe he doesn't see it himself. in the second paragraph, the pronoun it refers to.A)being friendlyC)lucky dogB)a bit of envyD)your luck4. When we listen to a person talking, the most important thing for us to do is.A)notice the way the person is talkingB)take a good look at the person talkingC)mind his tone, his posture and the look in his eyesD)examine the real meaning of what he says based on his manner, his tone and his posture5. The author most probably is a.A) teacherC) philosopherB) psychologistD) doctorAnswer1.C2.C3.B4.D5.B凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员效劳！小提示：目前本科生就业市场竞争剧烈，就业主体是研究生，在如今考研竞争日渐激烈的情况下，我们想要不在考研大军中变成分母，我们需要：早开场 +好方案 +正确的复习思路 +好的辅导班〔如果经济条件允许的情况下〕。
2014考研英语真题及答案解析(详细)
2014考研真题及答案解析Section I Use of LanguageDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(S) for each numbered blank and mark A, B ,C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 Points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12.[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17.[A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar答案：1-5 ABDCA6-10 ACBDC11-15 DABAD16-20 BDCCB1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。
2014考研英语真题阅读解析
2014考研英语真题阅读解析以下《2014考研英语真题阅读解析》由考研频道为您精心提供，希望对大家有所帮助。
Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, D. Mark your choice on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Orbome, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for th e jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to thejobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency —permanent dependency if you can get it —supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” —invented in 1996 —is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions.Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.真题解析：文章概括：政府大臣Grorge Osbome提出了一个项目帮助失业的人找工作。
2014考研英语阅读冲刺练习 模拟测试及答案(3)
2014考研英语阅读冲刺练习模拟测试及答案(3)PassageThose who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs (粘膜炎) and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy (中风). The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep.The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic (滑稽的) press. This kind of thing: A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being enquired into.A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape.1. All boys and girls in large families know that .A) a boy and a girl usually fight when they are togetherB) people tend to be together more than they used to beC) a lot of people being together makes fights likelyD) Railway leads the world to peace2. According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the following except .A) the railway enables people travel fastB) the railway brings comfort to peopleC) the railway makes the world peacefulD) the railway leads the world to war as well.3. According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are truebut .A) tunnels are dangerous to public healthB) the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect people's nervesC) the rapid speed through the air does damage to people's lungsD) to those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them to die4. We may safely conclude that .A) the author belongs to the anti-railway groupB) the author belongs to the for-railway groupC) the author speaks highly of the railwayD) the author may never take train because of its potential dangers5. What is the tone of this passage?A)PracticalB)SatiricalC)HumorousD)ExaggeratedAnswer1.C2.D3.D4.A5.C小提示：目前本科生就业市场竞争激烈，就业主体是研究生，在如今考研竞争日渐激烈的情况下，我们想要不在考研大军中变成分母，我们需要：早开始+好计划+正确的复习思路+好的辅导班（如果经济条件允许的情况下）。
考研英语冲刺预测试卷卷含考点精解十.docx
Section ! Use of English1. [A] aged[B] aging[C] age[D] ages2. [A] tastes[B] smokes[C] injects[D] takes3. [A] studies[B] researches[C] surveys[D] examines4. [A] More[B] Many[C] Fewer[D] Few5. [ A ] retaining [ B] attaining[ C ] maintaining[ D ] gaining6. [A] described[B] prescribed[C] inscribed[D] instructed7. [ A ] treat [ B ] cure[ C] diagnose[ D ] test8. [ A ] amusing [ B ]relaxing[ C ] recreational[ D ] pleasant9. [A] stimulus[B] stimulant[C] excitement[D] encouragement10. [A] valid[B] formal[C] popular[D] legal11. [A] When[B] As[C] Though[D] While12. [ A] enlarged[ B ] confirmed[ C ] exaggerated [ D ] magnified13. [A] overtake[B] overdose[C] abuse[D] overuse14. [ A]murder [ B ] crime[ C ] suicide [ D ] killing15. [A] substitute [ B ] replacement [ C ] exchange[ D ] interchange16. [A] specially[B] particularly[C] mostly[D] actually17. [A] even though[B] as if[C] as long as[D] as soon as18. [A] in[B] to[C] since[D] for19. [ A] serious [ B ]severe [ C ] grave [ D] heavy20. [ A] student [ B ] man [ C ] youth[ D ] peer21. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that[ A] Dean Taylor is also famous outside energy and investment circles.[ B ] shareholders are not paid to have sympathy.[ C ] many companies are planning to move their offices into New Orleans. [ D ] shareholders are more concerned with performance.22. The word "exodus" ( paragraph 2 ) most probably means[ A ] emigration.[ B ] exit.[ C] hurricane.[ D ] reconstruction.23. Mayor Ray Nagin is quoted in the 3rd paragraph to[ A] stress the consequences of careless talking by politicians.[ B ] show the local government' s indifference to the exodus.[ C ] illustrate the city' s efforts in rebuilding their infrastructure. [ D ] criticize his strange hobby of sending postcards to companies.24. According to Peter Ricchiuti, New Orleans[ A ] is often struck by hurricanes such as Katrina,[ B ] no longer paid white collars as much as before.[ C] failed to recover from the storm as planned.[ D ] will lose more while-collar jobs in oil industry after the storm.25. According to Wilson, Chevron intends to transfer its employees chiefly to[A] find a safer place for both business and living.[ B] protect the company from other possible storms.[ C ] maintain the number of their employees.[ D] downtown New Orleans is no longer a business center.26. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?[ A] In a recent scientific research, the scientists points out that someone who sleepsbeyond the limit will probably not be in good health.[ B ] In the United States, the doctors usually do not take their sleep problems seriously.[ C ] Most doctors agree that the problems should be solved only by way of some compulsory means.[ D ] The U. S. government has already restricted the doctors' working hours.27. In the last paragraph, the expression".., patients are on their own" most probably means[ A] patients are alone when they are in hospital.[ B ] patients will try their luck on their doctors' health.[ C ] patients will have some problems related to them, rather than other people. [ D ] patients will make their decisions for themselves.28. On Jaya Agrawal' s website, what are the common responses to the doctors' sleep problems ?[ A ] Most people insisted that the problems have nothing to do with the interests of themajority of people.[ B ] People who posted their opinions on the website thought the results of the problems would be too horribly to think.[ C ] The internet-surfers believed that the government should regulate some laws to limit the doctors'working hours.[ D ] People advocated that the problems could merely be solved by the doctors' conscience.29. It can be inferred from the passage that[ A] the U. S. legislators are alarmed about sleep-deprived doctors.[ B ] the doctors should sleep much more than the ordinary people.[ C ] the U. S. government as well as many ordinary people never pays enough attention to the problems.[ D ] at the very beginning, the doctors insist that their sleep problems will lead to serious consequences.30. Who is well aware of the consequences of the doctors' sleep problem and runsa website to raise the common people's awareness?[ A] The University of Buffalo.[ B ] Jaya Agrawal.[ C ] Dr. Charles Binkley.[ D ] John Conyers Jr.31. According to the passage, oil results in air pollution because[ A] it burns very easily and has a very awful smell.[ B] it produces too much heat that warm up the temperature.[ C ] it emits too much carbon dioxide into the air when burning.[ D ] it is called the" greenhouse gas".32. According to some environmentalist, the oil companies[ A] are further polluting the air by using more oil than clean energy.[ B ] are not really concerned with solving the problem of pollution.[ C ] are attempting to reduce the pollution they have done to the air.[ D ] are in need of research and equipment in pollution prevention.33. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of burying pollution?[ A] It actually prevents companies from looking for other energy sources.[ B ] It is difficult to make sure that the buried gas will stay where they are.[ C ] It might turn up with serious consequences in the years to come.[ D ] It will possibly take up too much room in the earth to be sustainable.34. The best title for this passage might be[ A] How to Deal with Air Pollution.[ B ] Ways to Maintain a Clean Atmosphere.[ C ] Argument over Burying Pollution.[ D ] Environmentally Minded Oil Companies.35. The author' s attitude towards this idea of burying pollution seems to be[A] objective.[B] indifferent.[C] confused.[D] critical.36. "Trying to get Americans to eat a healthy diet is a frustrating business" can be easily proved by the fact that[ A] public-health campaigns cannot compete with tempting flavors.[ B ] snack-food and fast-food industries are flourishing in the US.[ C ] most food in America are profoundly rich in fat and sugar.[ D ] fat people account for a large proportion of American population.37. The phrase" caved in" ( paragraph 2) most probably means[A] yielded.[B] entered.[C] promised.[D] criticized.38. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the Food Guide Pyramid in 1992?[ A ] It stresses the value of grains, vegetables and fruits.[ B ] It places emphasis on the four basic food groups.[ C ] It rejects higher proportion of meat, sweets and oils.[ D ] It met objections frommeat and dairy industries.39. The biggest problem with the new pyramid seems to be that[ A] it fails to identify the proper proportion of different food groups. [ B ] it fails to distinguish between a hamburger and a chicken breast. [ C ] it involves too much on-line work to benefit those who need it.[ D ] it involves unlabelled, multi-colored strips out of a cartoon jumble.40. It can be inferred from the text that[ A ] the effect of a well designed graph might be very small.[ B ] the new pyramid is definitely doomed to be a failure.[ C ] political influence will never be waved from the design.[ D ] the Potato Board of the country is very influential.Part BDirections :The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[ A] As a science, management entails the use of organized knowledge. Many of the things managers do are a result of information obtained through formal research and study.One area in which a great deal has been done is quantitative decision making or, as it is known today, management science. We know that by using certain mathematical formulas we can control inventory and project demand more accurately than by merely using trial and error.[ B ] Management is the process of getting things done through people. We know that part of this process is carried out with the development of an organization structure.[ C ] Yet management is also an art. Through experience the manager develops judgment and intuition, subjective factors that are useful in evaluation situations. For example, the manager may have to choose between two strategies, A and B. All research and study may indicate that neither of the two is any better than the other. [ D ] Effective management is a combination of art and science. Neither should be ignored; neither ought to be relied on exclusively. In getting things done through people, management must seek the right blend of art and science. At the upper levels of the hierarchy there will be more emphasis on the former; at the lower levels there will be more emphasis on the latter.[E] How do managers succeed in getting things done through people? In order to answer this question it is necessary to break down the manager' s job into its basic duties or functions. Management entails planning, organizing, directing, and. controlling. By performing well in each of these areas the manager can get things done through people.[ F] However, what if the manager chooses strategy A on the basis of intuition and proves to be right? In this case it is difficult to say precisely why the manager was able to choose so well, but there must be some special ability he or she has. This same type of ability is useful in managing people. Effective managers know when to flatter their subordinates and when to be stern. Such human behavior skills cannot be quantified; they can only be learned through experience and training. [ G ] However, there is more to management than just organizing the people and the work. objectives must be set, plans formulated, people directed, and operations controlled.In making the necessary decisions, management must rely on all the skills at its command.As a result, management is both a science and an art.Section m Writing Part A51. Directions :Zhang Li is a classmate of yours. He suffered from a serious illness. Writea letter to1 ) call on the students to help Zhang Li and2 ) tell them how to help Zhang Li.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You don' t have to write the address. ( 10 points)Part B52. Directions :The chart below shows the changes of consumer index in a certain country from 1930 to 1980. Study the chart carefully and write an essay of 160-200 words to1 ) describe the trend of consumption as revealed in the chart,2 ) explain the possible reason underlining this trend, and3) give your comment.You should write neatly on Answer Sheet 2. (20 points)参考答案Section I Use of English[文章大意]在经过十年的下降后，吸食毒品在这个国家的年轻群体里重新呈现猛烈的上涨势头。
2014年考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（十）
2014年考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（十）2014年考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（十）The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with today's relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living. Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.For one thing, more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work. Over 40 percent of the poor people are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries. A large number of poor people are old. Many companies do not hire people over 65 years old, the normal retirement age.Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation(动力). they have family problems, or they do notbelieve that they can find a job.Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one. Many poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways.First, if the national economy grows, businesses andindustries hire more workers. Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment. Then they will no longer be below the poverty line.Second, if society invests in the poor, the poor will become more productive. If the government spends money on social programs, education, and training for poor people, the poor will have the skills to offer. Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.Finally, if the government distributes society's income differently, it raises some poor people above the poverty line. The government collects taxes from the non-poor and gives money to the poor. These payments to the poor are called welfare. In 1975 over 18 million people in the United States received welfare.Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living.46. The author's main purpose to write this article is .A) to define what the poverty line isB) to explain why some people live the poverty lineC) to find solutions to the problem of povertyD) to show sympathy for those poor people47. Which of the following is NOT true?A) Ten percent of the Americans live a poor life.B) Poor people are those who love below the poverty line.C) The poverty line rises as the general standard of living rises.D) The poverty line tends to be at the same level.48. More than 40 percent of the poor people are children. This is mainly because .A) they do not have enough motivationB) they are so young that they are deprived of chances to workC) they fail to get enough educationD) they are very poor in health49. Most of the American poor people are not qualified for employment because .A) they to not have any motivation to workB) they are not very self-confidentC) they are too young or too old to workD) they have physical and family problems50. We may conclude from the passage that .A) better solutions to the poverty problem are not yet foundB) welfare will enable people to be richC) poor people are bound to go out of the poverty line if they have chances to do businessD) employment is the best solution to the poverty problemPassage 101.C2.D3.B4.C5.A相关栏目： 2014年考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案汇总重点推荐： 2014年考研报名 2014年考研时间 2014年考研英语 2014年考研数学 2014年考研政治 2014年考研专业。
2014考研英语答案
2014考研英语答案第一部分：阅读理解Passage 11. C2. D3. B4. A5. CPassage 26. A7. B8. D9. CPassage 310. A11. D12. BPassage 413. C14. B15. D16. A第二部分：完形填空17. B18. D19. A20. C21. B22. D23. A24. C25. B26. D27. A28. C29. B30. D第三部分：概括大意与完成句子31. A32. C33. B34. D35. D36. A37. C38. B39. D40. B第四部分：阅读填空41. D42. C43. A44. B45. B46. D47. A48. C49. B50. A第五部分：补全短文51. E52.G53. F54. C55. B第六部分：翻译56.Mobile payment has been gaining popularity in recent years, with more and more people using their smartphones to make payments instead of traditional cash or credit cards. It provides a convenient and efficient way for consumers to make purchases, while also reducing the need for physical currency.57.However, there are concerns about the security of mobile paymentsystems. Hackers and cybercriminals are constantly finding new ways toexploit vulnerabilities in these systems, which could lead to unauthorizedaccess to personal and financial information. Therefore, it is crucial forcompanies to implement robust security measures to protect users’ data.58.Additionally, the widespread adoption of mobile payment could haveimplications for traditional banking systems. As more people choose to usemobile payment services, the demand for physical bank branches and services may decrease. This could result in job losses and a shift in the way bankingservices are provided.59.Despite these challenges, the future of mobile payment lookspromising. With advancements in technology and increasing consumeracceptance, mobile payment is likely to become more secure and widelyadopted. It has the potential to revolutionize the way we make financialtransactions, making them faster, more convenient, and accessible to a larger population.60.In conclusion, mobile payment is a growing trend that offersnumerous benefits to consumers. However, it also poses security risks andpotential implications for traditional banking systems. It is important for both individuals and companies to stay informed about the latest developments in mobile payment and take necessary precautions to protect personal andfinancial data.总结本文对2014年考研英语答案进行了总结和整理。
2014年英语冲刺教材参考答案.doc
07年大学英语普通专升本全真试题16-20. CCDBA21-25. DCDBB26）entirely27）will have found28）not to speak29）difference30）would have saved31）Impressed32）employee33）launching34）interested35）completed36-40. B(parents)DDBC41-45. CDDCA46. Haven’t enough protein.47. Objected/opposed48. Don’t eat meat49. The economic side/economy50. Fairly/to be fair/ in fact/Frankly speaking51. Increasing turnover52.3653. recruited54.training department55.European technology program56. The true value of life is not what we get from society but in what we give it.57. Unless the problem of talents and funds is solved, talking about the task is useless.58. Sweden’s cold, dark winters that stretch from October to March with only a few hours of daylight also meant people stayed indoors for long periods.59. Where comparative advantage exists, two trading partners are both able to share in the gains from the trade.60.08年大学英语普通专升本全真试题16-20. ABdelayingDCA21-25. CABAD26）working27）investment28）higher29）have made30）suggesting31）were sent32）national33）directly34）paid35）asked36-40.ACDBB41-45.BBABC46. spend more money;47. (manage to) succumbs to the temptation to live;48.Obtaining free credit49.The notices of using a credit card50.objective/neutral51. GoToMyPC52.log into account53.$45 a month / $414.40 a year54. free or not55.remote access and file sharing56. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful bargains.57. Being a pop star can be quite a hard life; with a lot of traveling, owing to heavy schedules.58. He is optimistic about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics this year.59. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, whose overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women．50.09年大学英语普通专升本全真试题16-20. DDCCB21-25. DADBA26）applications27）cheerful28）has seen29）introduced30）be allowed31）seeing32）to discuss33）will last34）deeply35）should use36-40. CDDBA41-45. ADDCB46. the new dean47. for four years48. this new challenge49. moral philosophy50. timely public issues51. sales manager52. rather too high53. several European manufactures54. reduce the price55. order56. B The problem has become increasingly urgent to be solved that what is the proper balance between the culture heritage and the globalization.57. If he is allowed to sleep even five more minutes, his memory of the dream will have faded.58. Not until late 1990s did people in our country begin to know something about Internet59. She had thought it was going to be all right. But it was as if the heat had drained their love.50.10年大学英语普通专升本全真试题16-20. DDADC21-25. BBCCC26）solution27）written28）believe29）be included30）boring31）selling32）has enjoy33）effectively34）would have bought35）lost36-40. DBDCC41-45. CABBC46. Chongqing47. Sino-American joint venture48. Personnel Manager49. Six50. She was studying51. operation model52. more than 10053. healthy quick-service54. food quality55. customer’s home kitchen56. To understand intercultural communication, we seek to understand the difference between trading and modernization.57. They wouldn’t be feeling so tired if they hadn’t been walking for a whole day.58. Not having been discovered, many laws of nature actually exist in nature.59. Sometimes the words just come out wrong, but I do hope you understand that I really mean noharm.60.11年大学英语普通专升本全真试题16-20. DDCAB21-25. BDAAD26）quickly27）less28）interesting29）lost30）performance31）is equipped32）writing33）have become34）wonderful35）were36-40. ABDAD41-45. DCCBB46. British Airways47. Air New Zealand48. Sydney Opera House49. Asia, North America50. itinerary51. 15 minutes52. it is regular43. will to read54. read55. well reading56. The engine didn’t stop because the fuel was finished.57. Make sure that you have enough facts before you accuse her.58. He did n’t realize the importance of extensive reading until he graduated from high school.59. Although television was developed for broadcasting, many important uses have been found that have nothing to do with it.60.12年大学英语普通专升本全真试题16-20. DCADB21-25. ADABC26）lucky27）introduction28）informed29）should make30）rebuilt31）had lived32）winning33）more34）heavily35）left36-40. CACBD41-45. DBBAC46. a little worried47. interact with others48. friendless49. to get involved50. No; takes time51. computerized network52. no-the-job training53. a new department54. 20% increase55. marketing56. It’s said that there are fewer teachers in universities than is needed.57. It is impolite not to return telephone calls – regardless of whom they are from.58. Mr. John happened to be preparing his meal at home at 6:30 pm.59. A hotel is like a self-contained community providing guests with all the services they can expect in their own home and community.60.13年英语真题答案语法题：16 twice as much as（C）17 that (C)18 unless(D)19 did the woman complain(A)20 not drawing a conclusion(A)21 who(B)22 it (A)23 which doesn’t matter(C)24 came up with (B)25 result from(D)26）to make27）putting28）easier29）will be discussed30）occasionally31）advanced32）correcting33）complaint34）were interviewed35）brought阅读理解题：36 more prevalent than ever (B)37 to remain social (C)38 Often going on holiday together (C)39 bridge the distance with how to survive an LDR(A)40 All of the above(D)41 your diet might affect the way you think and feel (A)42 A diet containing grains, fruits, and vegetables (B)43 neurotransmitters(D)44 feel sleepy (B)45 Nuts, milk and salad contain something that helps you feel better.(C)46 No beautiful47 technical details48 three Basic Guidelines49 understand50 similar results51 written permission52 the Personnel Office53 is cleared54 the following Monday55 your department manager翻译题56 Don’t get me wrong. What I mean is that if we both parties can remain cool and make a reasonable agreement to remove the complaints.57 The Metropolitan is one of the most famous museums in the world. You really should take a good look at it instead of just having a quick glance.58 I’m sorry indeed that this should have happened. But I assure you that we will make every effort to reduce your loses to the minimum.59 He has in mind not a particular group of readers but men and women in general.60 擅长的东西对你来说就是乐趣，用此来形容你的事业是再好不过了。
2014考研英语冲刺模拟卷及答案
2014考研英语冲刺模拟卷及答案Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) As former colonists of Great Britain, the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain. We have a “mon law”, or law made by courts 1 a monarch or other central governmental 2 like a legislature. The jury, a 3 of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case, is an 4 part of our mon-law system.Use of juries to decide cases is a 5 feature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States. 6 the centuries, many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result 7 would be obtained using a judge 8 , as many countries do. 9 a jury decides cases after “10 ”，or discussions among a group of people, the jury’s decision is likely to have the 11 from many different people from different backgrounds, who must as a group decide what is right.Juries are used in both civil cases, which decide 12 among 13 citizens, and criminal cases, which decide cases brought by the government 14 that individuals have mitted crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S. citizens and 15 . Jurors, consisting of 16 numbers, are called for each case requiring a jury.The judge 17 to the case 18 the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states, 19 jurors are questioned by the judge; in others, they arequestioned by the lawyers representing the 20 under rules dictated by state law.1.[A]other than [B]rather than [C]more than [D]or rather2.[A]agency [B]organization [C]institution [D]authority3.[A]panel [B]crew [C]band [D]flock4.[A]innate [B]intact [C]integral [D]integrated5.[A]discriminating [B]distinguishing [C]determining [D]diminishing6.[A]In [B]By [C]After [D]Over7.[A]that [B]which [C]than [D]as8.[A]alike [B]alone [C]altogether [D]apart9.[A]Although [B]Because [C]If [D]While10.[A]deliberations [B]meditations [C]reflections [D]speculations11.[A]outline [B]oute [C]input [D]intake12.[A]arguments [B]controversies [C]disputes [D]hostilities13.[A]fellow [B]individual [C]personal [D]private14.[A]asserting [B]alleging [C]maintaining [D]testifying15.[A]summoned [B]evoked [C]rallied [D]assembled16.[A]set [B]exact [C]given [D]placed17.[A]allocated [B]allotted [C]appointed [D]assigned18.[A]administers[B]manages [C]oversees [D]presides19.[A]inspective [B]irrespective [C]perspective [D]prospective20.[A]bodies [B]parties [C]sides [D]unitsSectionⅡReading prehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts .Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text OneIt’s plain mon sense—the more happiness you feel, the less unhappiness you experience. It’s plain mon sense, but it’s not true. Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion. They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting, rise and fall independently.People might think that the higher a person’s level of unhappiness, the lower their level of happiness and vice versa. But when researchers measure people’s average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship between the two.The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable, but probably won’t make you any happier. That advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families. On the other hand, researchers have found happiness doesn’t appear to be anyone’s heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself.Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling—happiness is a sense of subjective well-being. They have also begun to find out who’s happy,who isn’t and why. To date, the research hasn’t found a simple formula for a happy life, but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings.Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment? When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we are feeling sad. This doesn’t mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that’s that. Genes may predispose one to unhappiness, but disposition can be influenced by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions.21. According to the text, it is true that[A] unhappiness is more inherited than affected by environment.[B] happiness and unhappiness are mutually conditional.[C] unhappiness is subject to external more than internal factors.[D] happiness is an uncontrollable subjective feeling.22. The author argues that one can achieve happiness by[A] maintaining it at an average level.[B] escaping miserable occurrences in life.[C] pursuing it with one’s painstaking effort.[D] realizing its coexistence with unhappiness.23. The phrase “To date”(Para. 4) can be best replaced by[A] As a result.[B] In addition.[C] At present.[D] Until now.24. What do you think the author believes about happiness and unhappiness?[A] One feels unhappy owing to his miserable origin.[B] They are independent but existing concurrently[C] One feels happy by participating in more activities.[D] They are actions and attitudes taken by human beings.25. The sentence “That’s that”(Para. 5) probably means: Some people are born to be sad[A] and the situation cannot be altered.[B] and happiness remains inaccessible.[C] but they don’t think much about it.[D] but they remain unconscious of it.Text TwoWhat are the characteristics of a mediator? Foremost, the mediator needs to be seen as a respected neutral, objective third party who is capable of weighing out fairness in the resolution of a conflict. The mediator must be trusted by both parties to e up with a solution that will protect them from shame. While the central issue is justice, the oute needs to be win-win, no losers. The abilities to listen impartially, suspend judgment, and accurately gather and assess information are other important characteristics. Finally, to function effectively the mediator musthave power (financial, status, position), so that both parties will take seriously and abide by the mediator’s judgment. If one party refused to cooperate, he or she should fear the possibility of being shamed and losing face before the mediator and the whole munity. If that real possibility does not enter the minds of both parties, the mediator will be ineffective.In several countries mediators are still used to find a bride for a man. Usually this is a job for the parents, and they in turn employ the services of a mediator. Because this event takes much planning, the parents will try to identify the mediator well in advance. Since these services sometimes require reward, money must be saved. Or in some cases parents try to do a number of favors for the mediator so that he or she will feel indebtedness and perform the service as a kind of repayment.The parents will try to get the most influential mediator possible, to boost their chances of being approved by the potential bride’s parents. The young woman’s parents will not want to risk shame by turning down a request from such an important person—so the reasoning goes. Of course, the higher-ranked the mediator, the higher the cost of the services.plicating the process is the fact that turning down the mediator is also a slight of the potential groom and his parents, which will likely generate conflict between the families. If the parties are not careful, the entire munity can take sides. One way to alleviate this eventuality is for the young woman’s family to identify a flaw that would make her a less desirable prospect. They might say, “She is sickly.”or “She may not be able to bear children.”Although none of these statements may be true, and probably everyone knows they aren’t, they do provide a way for the young man’s parents to withdraw their request for a perfectly legitimate reason. Everyone saves face, at least at the surface, and peace is preserved.26. The characteristics of a mediator include all of the following except[A] unbiased judgment of arguments.[B] hard prudence in decision-making.[C] impartial treatment to a conflict.[D] remarkable insight into controversies.27. The author deems it important for a mediator[A] to be quite wealthy and considerate.[B] to be powerful to shame either party.[C] to justify the solution of a conflict.[D] to have high status to fear arguers.28. In some courtiers, young people’s marriage[A] is independent of their parents’will.[B] needs careful valuation in advance.[C] costs a small fortune of their family.[D] is usually facilitated by a mediator.29. The request of the groom’s parents may be turned down unless[A] they manage to hire a qualified mediator.[B] they make their best choice at all risks.[C] the young woman’s parents want to lose face.D] the bride’s parents dare to offend the mediator.30. It may be the best way to resolve a conflict for[A] the entire munity to offer support.[B] a mediator to be identified by both sides.[C] the oute of mediation to be acceptable.[D] a valid excuse to spare both sides’blushes.Text ThreeThe Internet, like its network predecessors, has turned out to be far more social than television, and in this respect, the impact of the Internet may be more like that of the telephone than of TV. Our research has shown that interpersonal munication is the dominant use of the Internet at home. That people use the Internet mainly for interpersonal munication, however, does not imply that their social interactions and relationships on the Internet are the same as their traditional social interactions and relationships, or that their social uses of the Internet will have effects parable to traditional social activity.Whether social uses of the Internet have positive or negative effects may depend on how the Internet shapes the balance of strong and weak network ties that people maintain. Strong ties are relationships associated with frequent contact, deep feelings of affection and obligation, whereas weak ties are relationships with superficial and easily broken bonds, infrequent contact, and narrow focus. Strong and weak ties alike provide people with social support. Weak ties including weakonline ties, are especially useful for linking people to information and social resources unavailable in people’s closest, local groups. Nonetheless, strong social ties are the relationships that generally buffer people from life’s stresses and that lead to better social and psychological outes. People receive most of their social support from people with whom they are in most frequent contact, and bigger favors e from those with stronger ties.Generally, strong personal ties are supported by physical proximity. The Internet potentially reduces the importance of physical proximity in creating and maintaining networks of strong social ties. Unlike face-to-face interaction or even the telephone, the Internet offers opportunities for social interactions that do not depend on the distance between parties. People often use the Internet to keep up with those with whom they have preexisting relationships. But they also develop new relationships on-line. Most of these new relationships are weak. MUDs, newsgroups, and chat rooms put people in contact with a pool of new groups, but these on-line “mixers”are typically organized around specific topics, or activities, and rarely revolve around local munity and close family and friends.Whether a typical relationship developed on-line bees as strong as a typical traditional relationship and whether having on-line relationships changes the number or quality of a person’s total social involvements are open questions. Empirical evidence about the impact of the Internet on relationships and social involvement is sparse. Many authors have debated whether the Internet will promote munity or undercut it. Much of this discussion has been speculative andanecdotal, or is based on cross-sectional data with small samples.31. The text is mainly about[A] the dominance of interpersonal munication.[B] strong and weak personal ties over the Internet.[C] the difference between old and modern relationships.[D] an empirical research on the Internet and its impact.32. It is implied in the text that[A] the Internet interactions can rival traditional ones.[B] television is inferior to telephone in social effect.[C] strong links are far more valid than weak ones.[D] the Internet features every home and munity.33. The word “buffer”(Para. 2) can probably be replaced by[A] deviate. [B] alleviate. [C] shield. [D] distract.34. According to the author, the Internet can[A] eliminate the hindrance of the distance.[B] weaken the intimate feelings among people.[C] provide people with close physical contacts.[D] enhance our ability to remove social stresses.35. From the text we can infer that[A] the evidence for the effect of the Internet seems abundant.[B] the social impact of the Internet has been barely studied enough.[C] some discussions are conclusive about the function of the Internet.[D] random samples have witnessed the positive influence of the Internet.Text FourLeadership is hardly a new area of research, of course. For years, academics have debated whether leaders are born or made, whether a person who lacks charisma (capacity to inspire devotion and enthusiasm) can bee a leader, and what makes leaders fail. Warren G. Bennis, possibly the possibly the world’s foremost expert on leading, has, together with his co-author, written two best-sellers on the topic. Generally, researchers have found that you can’t explain leadership by way of intelligence, birth order, family wealth or stability, level of education, race, or sex. From one leader to the next, there’s enormous variance in every one of those factors.The authors’research led to a new and telling discovery: that every leader, regardless of age, had undergone at least one intense, transformational experience —what the authors call a “crucible”(severe test). These events can either make you or break you. For emerging leaders, they do more making than breaking, providing key lessons to help a person move ahead confidently.If a crucible helps a person to bee leader, there are four essential qualities that allow someone to remain one, according to the authors. They are: an “adaptive capacity”that lets people not only survive inevitable setbacks, heartbreaks, and difficulties but also learn from them; an ability to engage others through shared meaning or a mon vision; a distinctive and pelling voice that municates one’s conviction and desire to do the right thing; and a sense of integrity that allows a leader to distinguish between good and evil.That sounds obvious enough to be monplace, until you look at some recent failures that show how valid these dictums (formal statements of opinion) are. The authors believe that former Coca-Cola Co. Chairman M. Douglas Ivester lasted just 28 months because “his grasp of context was sorrowful.”Among other things, Ivester degraded Coke’s highest-ranking African-American even as the pany was losing a $ 200 million class action brought by black employees. Procter & Gamble Co. ex-CEO Durk Jager lost his job because he failed to municate the urgent need for the sweeping changes he was making.It’s striking, too, that the authors found their geezers (whose formative period, as the authors define them,was 1945 to 1954, and who were shaped by World War II) sharing what they believed to be a critical trait—the sense of possibility and wonder more often associated with childhood. “Unlike those defeated by time and age, our geezers have remained much like our geeks (who came of age between 1991 and 2000, and grew up “virtual, visual, and digital”)—open, willing to take risks, hungry for knowledge and experience, courageous, and eager to see what the new day brings”, the authors write.36. The text indicates that leadership research[A] has been a controversial study for years.[B] predicts how a leader es to be.[C] defines the likelihood to be a leader.[D] probes the mysteries of leadership.37. According to Bennis, the trait shared by leaders consists of[A] top levels of intelligence and education and devotion.[B] remarkable ability to encourage people with loyalty and hope.[C] striking qualities of going through serious trials and sufferings.[D] strong personalities that arouse admiration and confidence.38. The favorable effect of a crucible depends on whether a leader[A] proves himself/herself to be a newly emergent one.[B] accepts it as a useful experience for progress.[C] shrinks back from tiring and trying experiences.[D] draws important lessons for his/her followers.39. A leader can hardly maintain his/her position unless he/she[A] fulfils all necessary quality requirements.[B] helps people to prevent defeats and sorrows.[C] fails to attract people with mon concerns.[D] lacks appealing and strength of character.40. The authors’dictums can be justified by the fact that[A] Douglas Ivester defeated a highest-ranking black employee in a suit.[B] Durk Jager was dismissed owing to his poor municating ability.[C] Geezers couldn’t erase the brands stamped in childhood.[D] Geeks are sensible enough to meet dangers and challenges.Part BDirections: You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] Physical Changes[B] Low Self-Esteem[C] Emerging Independence and Search for Identity[D] Emotional Turbulence[E] Interest in the Opposite Sex[F] Peer Pressure and ConformityThe transition to adulthood is difficult. Rapid physical growth begins in early adolescence—typically between the ages of 9 and 13—and thought processes start to take on adult characteristics. Many youngsters find these changes distressing because they do not fully understand what is happening to them. Fears and anxieties can be put to rest by simply keeping an open line of munication and preparing for change before it occurs. The main issues that arise during adolescence are:(41) __________A child’s self worth is particularly fragile during adolescence. Teenagers often struggle with an overwhelming sense that nobody likes them, that they’re not as good as other people, that they are failures, losers, ugly or unintelligent.(42) __________Some form of bodily dissatisfaction is mon among pre-teens. If dissatisfaction is great, it may cause them to bee shy or very easily embarrassed. In other cases, teens may act the opposite—loud and angry—in an effort to pensate for feelings of self-consciousness and inferiority. As alarming as these bodily changes can be, adolescents may find it equally distressing to not experience the changes at the same time as their peers. Late maturation can cause feelings of inferiority and awkwardness.(43) __________Young people feel more strongly about everything during adolescence. Fears bee more frightening, pleasures bee more exciting, irritations bee more distressing and frustrations bee more intolerable. Every experience appears king-sized during adolescence. Youngsters having a difficult adolescence may bee seriously depressed and/or engage in self-destructive behavior. Often, the first clue that a teenager needs professional help is a deep-rooted shift in attitude and behavior. Parents should be alert to the warning signs of personality change indicating that a teenager needs help. They include repeated school absences, slumping grades, use of alcohol or illegal substances, hostile or dangerous behavior and extreme withdrawal and reclusiveness. (44) __________There is tremendous pressure on adolescents to conform to the standards of their peers. This pressure toward conformity can be dangerous in that it applies not only to clothing and hairstyles; it may lead them to do things that they know are wrong.(45) __________Adolescence marks a period of increasing independence that often leads to conflict between teenagers and parents. This tension is a normal part of growing up—and for parents, a normal part of the letting-go process. Another normal part of adolescence is confusion over values and beliefs. This time of questioning is important as young people examine the values they have been taught and begin to embrace their own beliefs. Though they may adopt the same beliefs as their parents, discovering them on their own enables the young person to develop a sense of integrity.Although adolescence will present challenges for young people and their parents, awareness and munication can help pave the way for a smooth transition into this exciting phase of life.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own symptoms and cure.Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life:when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. 46) These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. 47) All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. 48) No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be, a series of props (支柱) have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the disfort. “The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.”49) When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner everything bees irrationally glorified. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes trip home to bring one back to reality.Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them. Although not mon, there are individuals who cannot live in foreign countries.Those who have seen people go through a serious case of culture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can discern steps in the process. During the first few weeks most individuals are fascinated by the new. They stay in hotels and associate with nationals who speak their language and are polite and gracious to foreigners. This honeymoon stage may last from a few days or weeks to six months depending on circumstances. 50) If one is a very important person he or she will be taken to the show places, will be pampered and petted, and in a press interview will speak glowingly about progress, goodwill, and international friendship. If he returns home may well write a book about his pleasant if superficial experience abroad.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:Your classmate, Bob, suffered a lot from the traffic accident one month ago. Besides, he lost his left leg and felt very sad. Write a letter to1) send out your grief and sympathy,2) offer your assistance, and3) show your best wishes.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead. Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay to1) describe the drawing,2) deduce the purpose of the painter of the drawing, and3) suggest counter-measures.You should write about 160—200 words neatly ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2013考研英语冲刺作文答案详解：Section I答案及解析答案详解1.【解析】[B]逻辑衔接题。
2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（四）
2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（四）以下《2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（四）》由考研英语模拟题为您独家提供，欢迎大家参考。
Aimlessness hashardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmonyare the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese areseeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago youngpeople were hard-working and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being,but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don'tknow where they should go next。
The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of womeninto the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agerswho are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbingJapan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, itwas found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied withschool life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. Inaddition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobsthan did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed。
2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（15）
2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（15）以下《2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（15）》由考研英语模拟题为您独家提供，欢迎大家参考。
To paraphrase18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is neededfor the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing。
”One suchcause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animalshave rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respondforcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the publicand thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of theanimal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on publicfunding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearingallegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed thatanyone would deliberately harm an animal。
For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights boothat a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers notto use anything that comes from or is animals—no meat , no fur, nomedicines, Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccinescome from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I wouldhave to say yes。
2014考研英语二真题及答案之阅读题
2014考研英语二真题及答案之阅读题每一场考试都是无言的战争，2014年研究所考试也已经落下帷幕，十年磨一剑，相信各位未负之前的努力，以下是考研频道为大家提供2014年英语二考研真题及答案解析，欢迎各位前来估分，还有更多2014年考研真题及答案最新资讯尽在考研真题栏目及考研答案栏目，期待您的关注。
美好的将来从现在开始，期待与您共同创造美好将来(CTRL+D收藏即可)。
Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema.These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。
2014年考研英语阅读部分
2．词性的转化3．正话反说，反话正说4．具体与抽象转化2. 过于绝对3. 断章取义4.推理过度5.偷换概念，小动作6.字面意思，肤浅直白7.因果颠倒，逻辑混乱8.扩大范围9.无据比较10.时态语态错误1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which can develop his or her capacity for active responses and which can encourage the curiosity of the children will have greater intellectual development.What can be inferred from this sentence?A. S timuli are essential to the child’s positive responses.B. Many stimuli can help children improve their IQ.C. A child’s active responses develop the curiosity of himD. Greater intellectual development is based on the environment.2. American X-generations who stem from generations which left their old people behind and never closed their parents’ eyelid in death, and who have heard about the death provided by two world wars fought far from our shores are today getting rid of a recognition of the way their predecessors live their lives.We can infer that American X-generations____?A. are deserting others’ lifestyles because of their parents’ deathB. are detached to the way of living of modern societyC. care about nothing but their own business and their childrenD. are becoming self-concerned because of knowing the death of two world wars3. Unwillingly, he finds that students who were easy to teach because they succeeded in putting everything they had learned into practice hesitate when confronted with the vast untouched area of English vocabulary andusage which fall outside the scope of basic textbooks.We can infer that the students_________.A. hesitate when they put everything they had learned into practiceB. deal with the unfamiliar English vocabulary badly because of being so dependent on teachersC. should learn more about extracurricular knowledge rather than focusing on textbooks aloneD. can easily put the vocabulary and usage of English into practice4. Science that promotes the innovation of our social productivity and service moves forward not so much through the insights of great men that play a pioneering role in our society as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.Scientific progress mainly stems from .A. gifted scientists and great figuresB. capacity for understanding hidden truthsC. better techniques and facilitiesD. powerful men and ordinary things5. The increase in the number of married women employed outside the home had less to do with the mechanization and convenience of the housework and an increase in spare time for these women than with their own unavoidable economic requirements and with high marriage rates that decrease the available number of single women workers.Which of the following account for more married female workers?A. The automation and convenience of housework and high marriage ratesB. Financial burden and fewer single women workersC. Women’s desire for leisure lives and keeping a high salaryD. Unavoidable economic demands and the importance of single women6. Coupled with the growing quantity of information and demands of getting more useful information is the development of technologies which enable delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations and make it possible to store vast amounts of data.What can be inferred from the sentence?A. Information storage is more important than deliveryB. Improved technologies leads to obtaining more useful informationC. Speedy delivery of information demands advanced technologyD. Getting more useful information needs storing much information.7. Never when topic discussions avoided the subjects which are fashionable enough to give rise to curiosity was the mind of teenagers stirred up from its foundations and the purpose of discussions fulfilled.If successful topics are to be held,A. subjects can not be too dullB. the mind of teenagers should be stirred upC. teenagers should realize the importance of discussionsD. curiosity should be encouraged by fashionable topics8. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued and new medicine is used quickly and finally by the occurrence of new tolerance when you take the new medicine repeatedly. What can be inferred from the sentence?A. Uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms lead to usage of new medicine.B. You feel unpleasant when taking the new medicine repeatedly.C. Dependence is characterized by tolerance of tremendous use of medicine.D. new medicine is better than the old one to help the patients recover quickly.9. Human beings have long distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.If man is to survive,A. he should be as different as possible from other creaturesB. he should build a good relationship with the environmentC. he should become accustomed to its environmentD. he can observe his own needs and environment10. Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know that truth about their condition, and informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more lowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide.According to the studies,A. knowing the truth does little good to the recoveryB. without a doctor’s help a patient will lose heartC. sometimes a risk is worth taking in order to save a patient段落科学的阅读方法，把握文章）1、统一性（一致性）（Unity）（1）主题句（topic sentence supporting paragraphs/sentences/details）（2）关键词重复或重现（key words or terms）举例：space exploration / study / research / project / programtechnological progress / solution / proposal / changes /advances （3）（完形、阅读）难题：善于多联系主题（top-down）2、连贯性（Coherence）（1）宏观：全文展开模式（即全文的套路pattern）a. 记叙/描述说明（Narration and description）b. 一般→具体（立论/驳论）c. 具体→一般：引子开头；提出问题（现象）→分析问题（原因）（→解决问题）d.对比型套路（Compare and contrast）e.并列展开模式：（2）微观：句子与句子、段落与段落之间的逻辑关系（起承转合）；有时还要善于自觉揣摩隐含的逻辑关系。
2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(十一)
2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(十一)Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points —periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one’s findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions “What happened?” and “How did it happen?” have given way to the question “Why did it happen?” Prominent among the methods used to answer the question “Why” is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory.Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psychohistorians intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its “facts”not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the “deepest” explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth.Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed tobe true at all times and in all circumstances.1. Which of the following best states the main point of the text?[A] The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method.[B] Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychohistorians.[C] Areas of sociological study such as childhood and work are of little interest to traditional historians.[D] The psychological assessment of an individual’s behavior and attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her daily life.2. The author mentions which of the following as a characteristic of the practice of psychohistorians?[A] The lives of historical figures are presented in episodic rather than narrative form.[B] Archives used by psychohistorians to gather material are not accessible to other scholars.[C] Past and current events are all placed within the same deterministic diagram.[D] Events in the adult life of a historical figure are seen to be more consequential than are those in the childhood of the figure.3. The author of the text suggests that psychohistorians view history primarily as[A] a report of events, causes, and effects that is generally accepted by historians but which is, for the most part, unverifiable.[B] an episodic account that lacks cohesion because records of the role of childhood, work, and leisure in the lives of historical figures are rare.[C] an uncharted sea of seemingly unexplainable events that have meaning only when examined as discrete units.[D] a record the way in which a closed set of immutable psychological laws seems to have shaped events.4. The author of the text puts the word “deepest” (line 14, paragraph 3) in quotation marks most probably in order to[A] signal her reservations about the accuracy of psychohistorians’ claims for their work.[B] draw attention to a contradiction in the psychohistorians’ method.[C] emphasize the major difference between the traditional historians’ method and that of psychohistorians.[D] disassociate her opinion of the psychohistorians’ claims from her opinion of their method.5. In presenting her analysis, the author does all of the following EXCEPT.[A] Make general statements without reference to specific examples.[B] Describe some of the criteria employed by traditional historians.[C] Question the adequacy of the psychohistorians’ interpretation of events.[D] Point out inconsistencies in the psychohistorians’ application of their methods.[答案与考点解析]1. 【答案】A【考点解析】这是一道中心主旨题。
2014考研英语冲刺突击完型填空专项模拟与答案(10)
凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！2014 考研英语冲刺突击完型填空专项模拟及答案 (10)Text 10Things in the henhouse changed practically overnight when McDonald’ s announced in 1999 that it would no longer buy eggs from producers who didn ’t meet its guidelines for care of chickens.Those guidelines included limiting the 1 of birds that could be kept in one 2 and prohibiting beak removal, 3 trimming just the tips.Once McDonald’s had 4the way in issuing animal care guidelines for the company’s suppliers, many other giants of the fast-food industry rapidly followed 5, including Burger King, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, Wendy’ s, A and W and KFC. Now, the American Meat Institute has 6 welfare guidelines and audit 7 for cattle, pigs, andchickens.And the European Union,representing our foreign customers,is also8 in with, among other things, legislation banning. 9 use of crates to house pregnantsows, 10 in 2013.Questions about animal care11with the explosive growth in large-scale livestock farms, 12 spurred customers to complain about animals being treated as“factory parts ” .That spurred ARS and the livestock industry to take a proactive approach to addressing animal13 issues, making sure that guidelines are basedon facts14 through scientific research.The goal is to share research findings with the retail food industry and others so that the livestock industry can improve its 15 guidelines.Ten years ago,to16 these concerns,ARSstarted a research program on livestock behavior and stress. The scientists involved were tasked with finding out whethermodern farming practices were 17 stressing animals. And if so, could scientificmethods be developed to measure this stress so that18 could be evaluated objectively rather than subjectively?A decade later, the 19 answer is“ yes ”to both questions, Many had expectedthe answer to be “ no” on both counts, but science works independently20 people’s opinions.1.A. amountB. number C. figureD. sum2.A. cageB. caveC. caseD. cart3.A. but forB. except forC. aside fromD. away from4.A. pavedB. changedC. ledD. opened5.A. suitB. stepC. setD. super6.A. adaptedB. adopted C. approvedD. accepted7.A. bookletsB. pamphletsC. brochuresD. checklists8.A. measuringB. weighingC. consideringD. thinking9.A. prolongedB. proceededC. programmedD. progressed10.A. efficientB. effectiveC. effusiveD. elective11.A. raisedB. roseC. aroseD. pose12.A. who B. whatC. whichD. how13.A. health B. lifeC. wealthD welfare14.A. decidedB. determinedC. provedD. tested15.A. voluntaryB. revolutionaryC. preliminaryD. necessary16.A. expressB. addressC. suppress D. compress17.A. unduly B. unequallyC. unfortunatelyD. unfavorably18.A. performancesB. programsC. problems D. practices19.A. sequentialB. initialC. essentialD. financial20.A. ofB. onC. byD. withText 10答案1. 【答案】Bamount number figure一个“数字”，sum多指钱的“数量”。
2014高考英语阅读理解冲刺满分训练10(含解析)
2014高考英语阅读理解冲刺总分为训练〔10〕阅读理解The Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks to address the needsof the homeless population in the United States. It is a network of offices, someof which provide food and houses for the homeless population, and some of which fightfor the passing of laws that of over two hundred million people living in the UnitedStates,up to three million are homeless—and the number is still growing. Since thelate 1970s,fast rising house prices,large cuts in government supported housingprograms, and economic recession(经济衰退)have made it impossible for many Americansto meet housing costs. Sadly, this has resulted in a number of persons being forcedto leave their homes and/or unable to find new affordable homes. According to anotherresearch,families with children appear to be the fastest-growing part of the homelesspopulation, making up 39% of it.The old idea of a homeless person,that of the singleman who gets drunk all the time,is no longer true. A much lager part of the populationnow finds itself homeless. Even worse, once a person becomes homeless, he often findsit impossible to find a job,since most employers require anyone who wants a job fromthem to provide a home address on a job application. ( ) 1. The word “address〞 in the first line probably means .A. talk aboutB. deal withC. fight forD. write to【答案】：B【解析】：猜测词义题。
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2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(十)The use of heat pumps has been held back largely by skepticism about advertisers’claims that heat pumps can provide as many as two units of thermal energy for each unit of electrical energy used, thus apparently contradicting the principle of energy conservation.Heat pumps circulate a fluid refrigerant that cycles alternatively from its liquid phase to its vapor phase in a closed loop. The refrigerant, starting as a low-temperature, low-pressure vapor, enters a compressor driven by an electric motor. The refrigerant leaves the compressor as a hot, dense vapor and flows through a heat exchanger called the condenser, which transfers heat from the refrigerant to a body of air. Now the refrigerant, as a high-pressure, cooled liquid, confronts a flow restriction which causes the pressure to drop. As the pressure falls, the refrigerant expands and partially vaporizes, becoming chilled. It then passes through a second heat exchanger, the evaporator, which transfers heat from the air to the refrigerant, reducing the temperature of this second body of air. Of the two heat exchangers, one is located inside, and the other one outside the house, so each is in contact with a different body of air: room air and outside air, respectively.The flow direction of refrigerant through a heat pump is controlled by valves. When the refrigerant flow is reversed, the heat exchangers switch function. This flow-reversal capability allows heat pumps either to heat or cool room air.Now, if under certain conditions a heat pump puts out more thermal energy than it consumes in electrical energy, has the law of energy conservation been challenged? No, not even remotely: the additional input of thermal energy into the circulating refrigerant via the evaporator accounts for the difference in the energy equation.Unfortunately there is one real problem. The heating capacity of a heat pump decreases as the outdoor temperature falls. The drop in capacity is caused by the lessening amount of refrigerant mass moved through the compressor at one time. The heating capacity is proportional to this mass flow rate: the less the mass of refrigerant being compressed, the less the thermal load it can transfer through the heat-pump cycle. The volume flow rate of refrigerant vapor through the single-speed rotary compressor used in heat pumps is approximately constant. But cold refrigerant vapor entering a compressor is at lower pressure than warmer vapor. Therefore, the mass of cold refrigerant — and thus the thermal energy it carries — is less than if the refrigerant vapor were warmer before compression.Here, then, lies a genuine drawback of heat pumps: in extremely cold climates — where the most heat is needed — heat pumps are least able to supply enough heat.1. The primary purpose of the text is to[A] explain the differences in the working of a heat pump when the outdoortemperature changes.[B] contrast the heating and the cooling modes of heat pumps.[C] describe heat pumps, their use, and factors affecting their use.[D] advocate the more widespread use of heat pumps.2. The author resolves the question of whether heat pumps run counter to the principle of energy conservation by[A] carefully qualifying the meaning of that principle.[B] pointing out a factual effort in the statement that gives rise to this question.[C] supplying additional relevant facts.[D] denying the relevance of that principle to heat pumps.3. It can be inferred from the text that, in the course of a heating season, the heating capacity of a heat pump is greatest when[A] heating is least essential.[B] electricity rates are lowest.[C] its compressor runs the fastest.[D] outdoor temperatures hold steady.4. If the author’s assessment of the use of heat pumps (lines 1-4) is correct, which of the following best expresses the lesson that advertisers should learn from this case?[A] Do not make exaggerated claims about the products you are trying to promote.[B] Focus your advertising campaign on vague analogies and veiled implications instead of on facts.[C] Do not use facts in your advertising that will strain the prospective client’s ability to believe.[D] Do not assume in your advertising that the prospective clients know even the most elementary scientific principles.5. The text suggests that heat pumps would be used more widely if[A] they could also be used as air conditioners.[B] they could be moved around to supply heat where it is most needed.[C] their heat output could be thermostatically controlled.[D] people appreciated the role of the evaporator in the energy equation.[答案与考点解析]1. 【答案】C【考点解析】这是一道中心主旨题。