跑酷英文介绍
跑酷简介,英文版
Some Movement of Parkour
Rolling －－落地滚翻 Swan Dive －－鱼跃 Kong Vault －－猩猩跳 Double Kong Vault －双猩猩跳 Lazy Vault－－懒人跳 Reverse Vault－－反身跳 Dismount－－侧手反抓 Dash Vault－－屁蹲跳 Monkey Vault －－猴跳 Precision －－精准跳 Speed Vault－－侧身跳 Cat Leap －－－猫扑 Moonstep－－月亮步 Cat Balance－－猫爬 Wall Run －－快速上墙 Crane －－夹墙/卡尺跳 Wall Hop －一步蹬挂墙 Flag－－顺风旗 Handstand－－倒立 Backflip－－后空翻 Sideflip－－－侧空翻 Frontfilp－－前空翻
Parkour could be grasped by imagining a race through an obstacle course, the goal is to overcome obstacles quickly and efficiently, without using extraneous movement.
Kong Vault 猩猩跳
Dismount 侧手反抓
Swan Dive 鱼跃
关于跑酷英文作文
关于跑酷英文作文I love playing parkour because it makes me feel free and alive. Jumping, climbing, and flipping through obstacles gives me a rush of adrenaline that I can't get from anything else. It's like a dance with danger, but I always feel in control.The best part about parkour is the sense of accomplishment when I conquer a difficult challenge. Whether it's scaling a high wall or leaping across a wide gap, the feeling of success is unbeatable. It pushes me to keep pushing my limits and improving my skills.Parkour is not just a physical activity, it's also a mental challenge. I have to constantly assess my surroundings, plan my moves, and stay focused to avoid injury. It requires quick thinking and problem-solving skills, which makes it a great workout for both body and mind.One of the most rewarding aspects of parkour is the sense of community. I've met so many like-minded people who share my passion for movement and adventure. We support and encourage each other, pushing ourselves to new heights and cheering each other on.In conclusion, parkour is more than just a sport to me – it's a way of life. It challenges me, inspires me, and connects me with a community of amazing individuals. Ican't imagine my life without it.。
跑酷运动介绍
跑酷运动介绍I. 引言：A.跑酷的定义跑酷（Parkour），源自法语单词“parcours”，最初指的是障碍赛跑。
在当代，它已经发展成为一种独特的身体训练和运动艺术形式，涉及一系列流畅、连续的物理动作，旨在通过城市和自然环境中的障碍物进行高效移动。
作为一种训练体系，跑酷不仅仅关注于身体能力的提升，还强调心智的锻炼和自我超越。
它融合了多种运动技巧，包括但不限于跑步、跳跃、翻滚、攀爬和平衡，这些技巧在跑酷中被称为“动作语言”（movement vocabulary）。
跑酷者通过这些动作，旨在以最少的能量消耗达到最大的移动效率。
跑酷的训练通常在户外进行，但也可以在室内或专门的跑酷场地进行。
它要求参与者具备高度的身体协调性、力量、速度、耐力和柔韧性。
此外，跑酷还强调对环境的适应性和创造性，鼓励跑酷者以创新的方式使用周围环境，以克服障碍。
安全是跑酷训练中的重要考量。
因此，跑酷者通常会采取适当的安全措施，如佩戴护具，并在有经验的指导者的监督下进行训练。
B.跑酷的起源和发展跑酷（Parkour）的起源可以追溯到20世纪80年代末的法国巴黎郊区。
这项运动的创始人是大卫·贝尔（David Belle），他受到了父亲雷蒙德·贝尔（Raymond Belle）的影响，雷蒙德是一位在越南接受过军事训练的消防员。
大卫·贝尔将这种训练方式带回法国，并与其他几位朋友一起，如塞巴斯蒂安·福康（Sébastien Foucan）和查尔斯·佩雷斯（Charles Perrière），共同创立了跑酷。
跑酷的发展受到了多种文化的影响，包括武术、体操、舞蹈和街头艺术。
它不仅是一种身体训练，也是一种精神实践，强调自由、自我表达和对环境的深刻理解。
随着时间的推移，跑酷逐渐从法国传播到世界各地，成为一种全球性的现象。
在21世纪初，跑酷开始出现在主流媒体中，特别是在电影、电视节目和视频游戏中。
跑酷—新兴的商业体育运动
跑酷—新兴的商业体育运动在介绍跑酷之前,先对国外的两项街头极限运动做一下说明-Parkour与Freerunning。
Parkour以日常生活的环境(多为城市)为运动的场所。
它并没有既定规则,做这项运动的人只是将各种日常设施当作障碍物或辅助,在其间跑跳穿行,训练人体快速移动能力的一种自然的方式。
Freerunning与Parkour同出一辙,不同的是加入了空翻,可以利用空翻穿越障碍,高处落地,以及在平地进行特技表演,因此又比Parkour更具有观赏性和难度性,但缺乏一定的实用性,是当今世界上最酷的极限运动之一。
在中国,跑酷是Parkour的音译,但是没有明确的跑酷概念,大部分人都把它当作Parkour与Freerunning的结合。
笔者认为,跑酷可以看做是一种把各种障碍物当作是舞台,通过快速的跳跃,穿梭,可以加上华丽的特技动作的运动。
在这项运动中,你可以追求速度和实用性,也可以追求强烈的视觉效果,从而展现自己青春活力与个性,倡导新的生活方式。
在此,笔者以为,跑酷是一项革命性的运动。
他可以增强人的身体素质,更主要的是能让人体会到随意奔跑,不受约束的感觉。
一、跑酷的发展历程以及国外的发展状况跑酷最初由几个法国士兵在越战中发起的,诞生于上世纪80年代在法国。
随后2002年在英国开始盛行。
后来一部法国动作电影《暴力街区》把跑酷推向了全世界。
是吕克·贝松监制的一部法国动作片,主角大卫·贝利,便是Parkour 的创始人。
贝利现年37 岁,法国人。
他的父亲是一消防员,小时候,受父亲影响,常喜欢在学校奔跑跳跃。
长大后,和同年好友Sebastian Foucan开创出Parkour这种运动。
他们利用10年时间,创造出这种新的运动。
他受到了亚洲哲学的影响,把克服障碍看做是如水流动般,动静结合,刚柔相济,开创出新的哲学。
他一直在传达他自己的哲学并推广Parkour这项运动,现在已经成为了Parkour 这项运动的国际代言人之一。
跑酷 parkour
跑酷parkour跑酷（parkour）是近几年风靡全球的时尚极限运动，因为不需要特别的场地，也没有规定的动作，在任何地方都可以进行，所以参与起来也相对容易。
Parkour (sometimes abbreviated to PK) is where participants jump, vault, and climb over obstacles in a fluid manner. It is a non-competitive way to move fluidly despite ones environment. It was developed from military obstacle course training.“跑酷”（有时缩写为PK），也称为“移动的艺术”，指参与者用跳跃、跨越或者攀爬等一系列流畅的动作通过障碍物的一种运动。
这是用一种非竞技性的方式在现有环境中自由移动的运动，是由法国人发明的，源于军事训练中的障碍训练。
大家可能要问了，parkour这个词如果按照英文发音的话，不是应该音译成“爬客”之类的吗？“跑酷”一说怎么来的呢？因为这个运动是法国人发明的，所以，parkour这个词也是法语单词直接拿过来用，在法语中的读音为[parkur]。
现在明白了吧？The object of parkour is to get from one place to another using only the human body and the objects in the environment. The obstacles can be anything in one's environment, but parkour is often seen practiced in urban areas because of the many suitable public structures available such as buildings and rails.“跑酷”的目标是不借助任何仪器，仅凭借人体和现有环境中的物体从一个地点到达另一个地点。
跑酷介绍和训练方法
跑酷介绍和训练方法跑酷(parkour):这是一门移动的艺术。
跑酷时，我们从A点到B点的每一个动作都要尽可能100%有效。
因此各种撑跳、降落、跳跃、翻滚、爬墙，还有各类猫挂动作都是跑酷动作中的一部分，但各类旋转，空翻和各种非必须的转变方向，通常不归在跑酷的范畴内。
练习者(Traceur)们利用障碍和障碍之间的空间创造出流水一般的位移，选择现实环境训练意味着动作会受到限制，而正是这些障碍可以用来练习穿越。
跑酷的关键是在于与真实外界的互动，追逐，以及参与救援或其他的紧急情况中。
街头特技(Street stunts):也称城市体操。
在街头特技中，大多数的招式都是独立的，不是在跑动中做动作。
例如，你爬上一堵墙然后做直体后空翻，这个动作就结束了。
从攀爬、倒立、速降、空翻到各种旋转都属于街头特技。
虽然练习者(stuntmen)可以用跑酷的动作来游移到另一个地点，但是他们常常不这么做。
街头特技用的都是大型的固定的障碍，如阳台，栏杆，墙壁或其他城市建筑。
Tricking(极限特技，极限武术，极腿道):武术腿法和自由体操的集合。
技巧涉及旋转和空翻，通常是在有足够大的空间或水平地面上做动作。
虽然tricking 可以是指单一的一个动作，但通常更强调的是连续动作中持续不断的做动作。
因此，tricking要求练习者单腿起跳就能产生足够的爆发力以及身体的协调控制能力。
Tricksters通常不需要有任何障碍，但有时会用小的障碍来练空翻或者增加高度。
自由奔跑(Free Running):动作的艺术。
FR是把上面三种运动的基本技能有机地综合起来而成的一个的运动。
练FR是类似跑酷的一种奔跑，但不需要考虑动作的有效性，因此包括旋转，空翻和其他各种翻转，用以增加奔跑过程的整体美感。
他们仿效Stuntmen(街头特技练习者)利用单一障碍，有时则会做一些Tricking组合来跃过这些障碍。
FR没有任何规则;目标就是通过个人的技术获得自由感和满足感。
最新Parkour跑酷全面详细英文介绍教学讲义PPT课件
Parkour is an art, it can bring us good visual effects, but it’s not enough. Through a period of training, you can become stronger and stronger, good flexibility, good balance, good bounce, and can do some movements which you couldn’t do before. And you know how to cope with the dangerous situation.
Thank you~
绩效管理－KPI指标考核
您将了解如下内容
我们在考评中存在的问题 绩效考评是什么 为什么要进行绩效考评 绩效考评的内容 绩效考评的程序 绩效考核的条件 绩效考评的结果运用 绩效考评的方法－KPI指标评价 KPI指标分解 员工KPI体系建设 考评结果与薪酬重组
Influenced by these factors, David Belle finally created the parkour sport. After that ， he and his frieganization called Yamakasi at the suburb of Lessees in Paris in 1988.
Parkour跑酷全面详细英文介绍
The Definition of Parkour The Origin of Parkour The Philosophy of Parkour The Impacts of Parkour on people
David Belle, the founder of the parkour, was trained to play as ninja when he was very young, jumping, running on the roofs of the school buildings. At the same time, David Belle was influenced by his father who was ever a soldier deeply.
介绍潮流运动英文作文高中
介绍潮流运动英文作文高中英文：As a high school student, I am very interested in the trend of sports. In recent years, the trend of sports has become more and more popular among young people. There are many different types of sports trends, such as street dance, parkour, skateboarding, and so on.Street dance is a very popular trend among young people. It is a type of dance that is performed on the street or in public places. It is a very energetic and dynamic dance,and it requires a lot of physical strength and agility. Some popular street dance styles include hip-hop, breakdance, and popping.Parkour is another popular trend among young people. It is a type of sport that involves running, jumping, and climbing over obstacles. It requires a lot of physical strength, agility, and balance. Parkour is often performedin urban environments, and it is a great way to explore the city and challenge yourself.Skateboarding is also a popular trend among young people. It is a type of sport that involves riding on a skateboard and performing tricks and stunts. Skateboarding requires a lot of balance, coordination, and skill. It is often performed in skate parks or on the street.These sports trends are not only a way to stay active and healthy, but they are also a way to express yourself and be creative. Many young people enjoy these sports because they allow them to express their individuality and be part of a community.中文：作为一名高中生，我对运动潮流非常感兴趣。
英文跑酷
In China
• Du Yi ze(杜易泽) is the trendsetter of parkour in China . Still being a university student, he developed the first parkour group of the country with his efforts. He also founded the China Parkour Club, which is the most influential group in the mainland.
• Reason three：Wow Factor When you see somebody doing a flip off of a building, jumping over and through obstacles like they’re walking in a park, and leaping from point to point with the grace of a squirrel, you get inspired. Too people who have never heard of Parkour, a Parkour video appears to be a bunch of super humans jumping from building to building like Spider Man. This factor makes people research it more and look up tutorials, practice, and learn it.
Basic movements
Landing ：Bending the knees when toes make contact with ground (never land flat footed; always land on toes and ball of your foot, or whole footed). Balance ：Walking along the crest of an obstacle; literally "balance." Cat Crawl ：Quadrupedal（四足着地的） movement along the crest of an obstacle.
极限运动介绍extremesport汇总.
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翼装高空飞行一般指从飞机上进行的高空翼装飞行 跳伞。 翼装低空飞行是一种从固定对象上进行的降落伞跳 伞活动。这个固定对象可以是建筑物，电视塔，烟 囱，桥梁，电力塔，悬崖，缆车，水坝或其他任何 足够高的物体。 对于低空翼装飞行而言，挑战者飞行 高度有限，用于调整姿势和打开降落 伞的时间仓促，飞行的危险性和难度 极大。
Flyboard 原理是通过 附在喷气滑水艇上 的一个巨大管子抽 吸海水，然后再通 过该管子输到喷水 器将水喷出。
该飞板的动力控制是由喷气滑水艇上的控制人员实 现，启动飞板至少需要10马力。一旦熟练操作这套 装置，可实现在水面上跃起10米高，甚至能够表演 水上后空翻等动作。
翼装飞行 Wingsuit Flying
这项疯狂的极限运动死亡率高达30%。
在中国湖南的张家界天门山已经连续 举行了三界的翼装飞行世锦赛，在第 二届的举行中，一名匈牙利选手在试 飞中因未及时打开降落伞而坠入深谷。
但这丝毫阻止不了狂热爱好者们的不 断拿命尝试。一名资深翼装飞行者在 采访时说道：恐惧会将我推向更高境 界的意识，也让我感知到更多。恐惧 让我更加的清醒，让我保持平静。每 次飞行可以让我进入一些平时没有办 法达到的境界。
截止到2012年， 全世界只有不到 600人敢于尝试这 一冒险行动，而且 大部分人只是玩票， 真正称得上是“翼 装飞行员”的只有 一百来人。于是， 翼装飞行也被广泛 认为是世界上最疯 狂的极限运动，堪 称极限运动的极限。
翼装飞行这项运动虽 然玩起来超级帅，但 由于技术要求非常高、 装备昂贵，因此也是 极限运动里的“高富 帅”。世界翼装联盟 主席伊罗就指出： “不是买了翼装等装 备就能飞了，在此之 前你首先需要高空跳 伞几百次，完成后才 能进行定点跳伞，又 是数百次的循环练习， 到最终成为翼装飞行 员，是一个漫长的积 累过程，大致最少需 要几十万美金的投
跑酷英语小游戏作文
跑酷英语小游戏作文Title: The Thrilling Adventure of Parkour A Narrative。
In the heart of the bustling city, where skyscrapers towered above and the streets hummed with life, there existed a hidden world of exhilarating challenges and adrenaline-fueled feats known as parkour. It was a realm where gravity was defied, obstacles became stepping stones, and the urban landscape transformed into a playground for the daring.My journey into the world of parkour began on a crisp autumn morning. With the sun casting its golden rays upon the city, I found myself drawn to the promise of adventure that awaited me. Clad in comfortable attire and equipped with nothing but determination, I ventured into the maze of concrete and steel, ready to embrace the thrill of the unknown.As I approached the first obstacle—a series ofconcrete barriers—I felt a surge of excitement coursing through my veins. With a deep breath, I launched myself forward, my muscles responding instinctively to the challenge ahead. With each leap and bound, I felt a senseof liberation unlike anything I had ever experienced before.The rooftops beckoned next, their heights offering both a daunting challenge and an irresistible allure. Scalingthe walls with practiced precision, I ascended to dizzying heights, my heart pounding with exhilaration. From this vantage point, the city spread out before me like a sprawling canvas, each rooftop and alleyway holding the promise of new adventures.But parkour was not merely about conquering physical obstacles—it was also a journey of self-discovery and personal growth. With each leap of faith, I pushed past my own limitations, conquering fears and doubts that had once held me back. In the face of adversity, I found strength;in moments of uncertainty, I discovered resilience.Yet, parkour was not without its risks. With every jumpand somersault, there existed the possibility of failure, of falling short in the pursuit of greatness. But it was precisely this element of danger that fueled my passion, driving me to push myself further and reach new heights of achievement.As the day drew to a close and the city lights began to flicker to life, I found myself reflecting on the journey I had undertaken. In the span of a single day, I had traversed the urban landscape, exploring its hidden nooks and crannies, and uncovering the boundless potential that lay within.Parkour had become more than just a physical activity—it was a way of life, a philosophy that embraced the spirit of adventure and the pursuit of excellence. And as I looked out over the cityscape, I knew that my journey was far from over. For in the world of parkour, the possibilities were endless, and the adventure had only just begun.。
Parkour 跑酷英文演讲PPT
Modem Parkour
The 1st organization of Parkour is Yamaksi （ Yamaksi
是萨伊的班图语，意思是探索人类潜能激发身体与心 灵极限的一中哲学）, consists of 7 Parisian teenagers. More recently they have gone their separate ways. David calls his art Parkour and stresses utility, while Foucan uses the term "Free Running" and stresses freedom of movement and finding your own way.
Raymond Belle
One follower of Hebert’s Natural Method was
Raymond Belle, a French national born in Vietnam in 1939.
Raymond was taken in as a teenager by the French army
He developed a philosophy of physical culture from his
observations called “Natural Method”. Natural Method was based on the idea that humans had ten essential movement capacities. Obstacle courses were taken by military training systems.
关于体育训练的作文跑酷
关于体育训练的作文跑酷英文回答：Parkour, a discipline that combines movement and acrobatics, originated in France in the 1980s. It is a physical and mental activity that requires agility, coordination, and problem-solving skills. Parkour practitioners, known as traceurs, use the urban environment as their playground, navigating obstacles and overcoming challenges with precision and fluidity.In Parkour, there are three main elements: déplacement (movement), franchissement (overcoming obstacles), and saut (jumping). Déplacement in volves moving efficiently and fluidly through the environment, using techniques such as running, jumping, and climbing. Franchissement refers to the techniques used to overcome obstacles, such as walls, fences, and gaps. Saut involves jumping techniques, including precision landings and vaults.Parkour training emphasizes strength, agility, endurance, and coordination. It also involves mental skills such as problem-solving, risk assessment, and decision-making. Traceurs develop these skills through a combination of repetition, drills, and creative exploration of the urban environment.The benefits of Parkour extend beyond physical fitness. It fosters self-confidence, improves problem-solving abilities, and enhances creativity. It also encourages teamwork and community among traceurs who share a common passion for the discipline.中文回答：跑酷，一种结合了运动和杂技的学科，起源于 20 世纪 80 年代的法国。
跑酷英语小游戏作文
跑酷英语小游戏作文Title: The Thrill of Parkour: A Journey in Motion。
Parkour, the art of movement, is a mesmerizing display of agility, strength, and creativity. As I embarked on my journey into the world of parkour, I found myself immersed in an exhilarating adventure that challenged both my physical abilities and mental fortitude.To begin with, parkour is not merely about performing stunts or daredevil acts; it's about pushing one's limits and exploring the boundaries of human potential. As I navigated through urban landscapes, I discovered that every obstacle presented an opportunity for self-expression and growth. Whether it was scaling walls, leaping across rooftops, or vaulting over railings, each movement required precision, timing, and focus.Furthermore, parkour taught me the importance of adaptability and resilience. No two environments are thesame, and each course demands a unique approach. From concrete jungles to natural terrain, I learned to adapt my skills to various settings, harnessing the energy of my surroundings to propel myself forward. Moreover, overcoming the fear of failure was crucial in mastering parkour. Every fall was not a setback but rather a lesson, teaching me to embrace setbacks as stepping stones to success.Moreover, parkour is not just a solo endeavor; itfosters a sense of community and camaraderie among practitioners. Sharing tips, techniques, and encouragement with fellow traceurs created a supportive network where everyone strives for collective improvement. Together, we celebrated victories and learned from each other's experiences, fostering a sense of belonging and solidarity.In addition to its physical benefits, parkour also nurtured my mental discipline and creativity. Planning routes, visualizing movements, and executing precise maneuvers required sharp cognitive skills and creative problem-solving abilities. Moreover, parkour encouraged meto think outside the box, to see the world as my playground,full of endless possibilities and potential challenges waiting to be conquered.As I reflect on my journey in parkour, I realize thatit is more than just a sport or a hobby—it's a way of life. It teaches perseverance in the face of obstacles, courageto embrace uncertainty, and resilience to keep moving forward despite setbacks. Moreover, it instills a sense of freedom and empowerment, as I navigate through life's challenges with confidence and grace.In conclusion, parkour is not just about physical prowess or flashy acrobatics; it's a philosophy—a mindset that transcends barriers and empowers individuals tounleash their full potential. Through its teachings of adaptability, resilience, and creativity, parkour has not only transformed my body but also enriched my soul, leaving an indelible mark on my journey through life.。
跑酷介绍作文英文
跑酷介绍作文英文Running and jumping, flipping and twisting, that's what parkour is all about. It's like a dance with obstacles, a way to express yourself through movement and agility. When you're doing parkour, nothing else matters but the next jump, the next challenge, and the next moment of freedom.The beauty of parkour is that it can be done anywhere. From urban landscapes to natural environments, there's always a new place to explore and conquer. It's aboutseeing the world in a different way, finding opportunities for movement and adventure in the most unexpected places.Parkour is not just about physical strength and agility, it's also about mental focus and creativity. You have to constantly think on your feet, adapt to new challenges, and find innovative ways to overcome obstacles. It's a sportthat tests both your body and your mind, pushing you to become stronger and more resilient with each new jump.One of the most exhilarating aspects of parkour is the sense of freedom it gives you. When you're running and leaping through the air, you feel like you're breaking free from the constraints of the world around you. It's afeeling of liberation and empowerment, a reminder that you have the power to overcome anything that stands in your way.Parkour is not just a sport, it's a lifestyle. It's about pushing your limits, embracing the thrill of the unknown, and constantly seeking new ways to challenge yourself. It's a way of living that encourages you to be fearless, adventurous, and always ready to take the next leap.。
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• Two:
• Many people don't understand the real meaning of parkour, to a beautiful leap or jumping from a high place brings the effect of grandstanding or draw a look, so that her body hurt。
• TOM (us) a common parkour students, New York, in private practice parkour falling incidents.
• Buzan (Britain) parkour player, downhill when broken glass cut arteries.
EQUIPMENT
1, Light clothing such as T-shirt, sleeveless shirt , sweatpants, shorts … 2, Comfortable running shoes, which are generally light, with good grip and flexibility are encouraged. 3, Thin athletic gloves to protect the hand
Parkour's Advantage
• Three:
• But the sport enthusiasts prefers to look at it as a youth subculture advocated by way of life.Parkour is not only beneficial to the body, but also to our thought. Learning Parkour can make people understand that how to overcome their fears .People are constantly improve themselves and break through the obstacles.
Thanks for your listening~!
• Parkour is not trained, which leads to bad things happen。
Example
• Liu Yuran (China Harbin) an event in falling from the 5 floor, left leg ligament rupture.
Parkour's Advantage
Two:
Parkour is very ornamental. The difference between parkour and freerunning is that Free - running more particular about performance - view and admire a gender, but parkour is speed practicality. Some people think that parkour is an art. Cooperate with surprise action is absolutely beyond the human imagination,. And absolutely it is a audio-visual feast!
maker: YuShouge LiangBirui SuYanqi
speaker: WangJingyi
Parkour is an extreme sport
street scamper，initially by the Vietnam War in the French soldiers were launched at the United Kingdom beginning in 2002 the prevalence of，and later DavidBella develop it.
The harm of parkour
• One:
• Parkour because there is no established rules, people just do the sport everyday as obstacles or auxiliary facilities, run and jump in it, so the risk is very high .
• Many people mistakenly assume that Parkour is running around on the roof or the other death defying stunts, thus led to the tragedy。
The hur is practiced in not widely used public facilities such as skate parks. Although efforts are being made to create places for it, some traceurs do not like the idea as it is contradictory to the philosophy of freedom. Traceurs practice parkour in urban areas such as gyms, parks, playgrounds, offices, and abandoned structures.
Brief introduction
Parkour is a sport combines a variety of movements like running, climbing, swinging, vaulting, leaping, and rolling together. Parkour uses almost no equipment and is non-competitive. A male practitioner is often called a "traceur", a female a "traceuse".
HISTORY
In Western Europe, the forerunner of parkour was French naval officer Georges Hébert, who before World War I promoted athletic skill based on the models of indigenous tribes he had met in Africa. Hébert set up a natural method session consisting of ten fundamental groups: walking, running, jumping, quadrupedal movement, climbing, balancing, throwing, lifting, self-defense and swimming. Before World War II, Hébert's teaching became the standard system of French military education and training.