吴忠明口译笔记符号
口译笔记符号汇总
口译笔记速记符号归总目录[1].Note-taking symbols and abbreviations[2].关于缩略词[3].关于字母和图像[4].用箭头、数字符号、标点符号来表示1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
最全口译笔记符号
∽
1.关联
Link to, connect with, relate to, associate with
2.替代
Replace, displace, supplant, substitute, instead of, take the place of
∞
1.交流，交换
Exchange, interact, communicate
众说纷纭，若干说法
Various opinions
1.听listen to
2.开放be open to
改革开放
爱，关心
Love, concern, care about
吓唬，威胁Scare, threatn←1.来come
2.收到receive
3.需要，缺少need, require, want, be short of
□^°
国家领导人，政府首脑state leader
宏观调控macro-control
首都capital city
1.重要
Important, significant, key, critical, crucial, essential, vital, eventful, principal, core, of great importance/significance/consequence
:
说
Tell, state, announce, express, claim, address, declare, argue, vow, explain, introduce, report
开：
开罗宣言Cairo Manifesto
√：
赞扬speak highly of, praise
口译笔记符号
口译记录的常用符号a.图标符号:↑ : 上升, 发展, 扩大, 加强等(grow, develop, expand, strengthen, etc.)↓ :下降, 减少, 恶化, 裁减(drop to, reduce, deteriorate, cut down )→ ：导致，输出，派遣, 进入, 结论(result in, export to, send to, enter, drawa conclusion）：来自，源于，追溯至, 进口，收到(come from, originate from, date back,import from, receive from）：国家(country, state, nation）：国内(domestic, internal, home）：国外(external, overseas, abroad）⊙：开会,会议,研讨会,讨论,谈判(meeting, conference, seminar, discussion, negotiation）（图像表示“圆桌”）∪：协议,协定,条约,合同(agreement, accord, treaty, contract) （图像表示“酒杯”，含有庆祝的意思）如: 双边条约(bilateral treaty)可写成: ;三边协定(trilateral agreement )可写成: ;°：人, 人们(person, people) （图像表示“人头”）如: 美国人可写成: “US°” ; 中国人可写成: “中°” ;♂：男性,男人(male, man）♀：女性,女人(female, woman）Δ：代表(on behalf of）：对立,冲突(confrontation, conflict）~ ：交流,交换, 相互(exchange, replace, each other）?：疑问,问题,提问(doubt , problem, question, ask）: ：说,告诉,认为,声明,例如(say, speak, tell, think, declare, such as, like）( )：包括,在…之中/内,封闭(including, within, among, inside, seclusion）∈：属于,归于,归属(belong to ,be part of, fall into, pertain to)// ：停顿,停止,终止(stop, halt）& ：和,与…一起(and, together with）…：等等(and so on, and so forth, and the like, etc.)√：正确,好,肯定的,积极的,同意(correct, good, affirmative, certain, positive, agree）×：不/非,错误的,坏的,不好的, 否定的(not, no, wrong, incorrect, bad, notorious, negative)☆：杰出的,优秀的,最佳的,重要的,榜样(outstanding, excellent, best, important, model）（星光璀璨，表示“优秀,突出”）：高兴,开心,愉快,兴奋(happy, pleased, delightful, joyful, excited）（这是个脸谱图像符号，嘴巴向上翘，表示“开心”）：不满,生气,不开心,郁闷(unsatisfied, angry, unhappy, gloomy)（嘴巴向下撇，表示“不高兴”）：惊讶,惊奇,吃惊,震惊(surprised , astonished , amazed, shocked )（嘴巴张大，表示“吃惊”）：害怕,恐惧,恐慌(scared , frightened, panic ) （两只眼睛张大，表示“恐惧”）：听说,据说,众所周知(it is said that, maybe you’ve heard of, as we allknow , as is known to all ) （脑袋上画个耳朵，表示“听说过，有所闻”）b .数学符号:= ：等于,相当于,是…的对手(equal to, the same as, a match/rival/competitor for sb.)≠：不等于,不同,不是…的对手(not equal to, different, no match for)≈：大约,左右(approximately, around, or so )＞：大于,多于,超过,优于(greater, larger or more than, better than, surpass, superior to)＜：小于,少于,不够,劣于,次于(smaller/fewer/less than, worse than, inferior to)+ ：加上,另外,除此之外(plus, add, moreover, besides, in addition to, furthermore)－：减去,扣除,缺乏(minus, deduct, lack )∑：总共,合计(total, in all, add up )% ：百分比,百分之…(percent)‰：千分比,千分之…(per thousand)∵：因为, 由于(as, because, owing to, due to, thanks to）∴：所以, 因此, 因而(consequently, so, therefore, as a result）c .常用缩写词:UN ( United Nations ) :联合国UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization):联合国教科文组织UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund):联合国儿童基金会UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees):联合国难民公署EU (European Union ) : 欧洲联盟(简称“欧盟”)EEC (European Economic Community): 欧洲经济共同体NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization): 北大西洋公约组织APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation): 亚太经济合作组织WTO (World Trade Organization): 世界贸易组织WB (World Bank): 世界银行IMF(International Monetary Fund):国际货币基金组织L.G( ladies and gentlemen):女士们、先生们TKS( thanks):谢谢Org(organization):组织Co.(Company):公司MKT(market):市场L/C(letter of credit):信用证Ltd.(Limited): 有限Memo (memorandum): 备忘录 B.C.(before Christ): 公元前e. g. (for example): 例如i.e. (that is ): 即；那就是etc. (and so on ):等等esp.(especially):特别;尤其usu.(usually):通常;惯常max.(maximum): 最高min.(minimum): 最低;最小Wt.(weight):重量Kg.(kilogramme):公斤;千克b. (billion ): 十亿m.(million, meter, mile):百万;米;英里t.( thousand ,temperature , ton):千; 温度; 吨h. (hundred, hour, height): 百;小时;高度km. (kilometer)千米:公里sq. km (square kilometer):平方公里E(East):东S( South):南W( West ):西N( North ):北Q.( question ) :问题; A.(answer, acre ): 回答;英亩C (centigrade): 摄氏温度F( Fahrenheit): 华氏温度att. (attention):注意cf.(compare):比较c/o(care of): 转交ref.(reference):参考add.(Address):住址st.(street): 街std.(standard): 标准econ. (economy):经济ad.(advertisement):广告w (world):世界p (peace):和平r (repetition):重复y (year):年m (month):月w (week):星期 d (day):日a.m.(before noon):上午p.m.(afternoon):下午CN(China):中国(或简写为“中”) US(United States ):美国F(France):法国J(Japan):日本(或简写为“日”) UK(United Kingdom):英国HK(Hong Kong):香港MO(Macao):澳门TW(Taiwan):台湾AL(Australia ):澳大利亚SD(Sweden):瑞典SZ(Switzerland):瑞士CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States):独联体IQ(Iraq):伊拉克IR(Iran):伊朗ID(India):印度IN(Indonesia):印度尼西亚PL(Palestine ):巴勒斯坦PK(Pakistan):巴基斯坦d .综合性符号:. d ( yesterday): 昨天.. d (the day before yesterday): 前天. y( last year): 去年.. y (the year before last ): 前年d . (tomorrow): 明天 d .. (the day after tomorrow): 后天y . (next year): 明年y .. (the year after last): 后天[注:在年、月、日缩写词前后加“.” , 表示时间的推前或后移。
口译笔记的符号和缩略语
一、口译笔记的符号系统和缩略语语言是一个符号系统（包括文字符号）。
用各种符号作记录，概括性强、重点突出、一目了然。
学习一些常规口译笔记中经常使用的符号与缩写词是很有好处的。
在此基础上，每个人也可以形成一套自己常用的、熟悉的、有效的笔记系统。
下面归纳几种相对固定的符号和简写形式，供大家在练习和实践中参考。
（一）箭头“→”表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to, etc. 导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.“←”表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc. 追溯到：come/go back to，originate in, etc.“↑”表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc. 发射、起飞、升空：launch，ascend, skyrocket, etc.发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen， promote, etc.“↓”表示向下、下降：down/downward/drop, decrease, jump, etc. 减少、恶化：reduce, deteriorate, go down, etc.（二) 数学符号“+”表示和、还有、另外、加上、多：and, in addition to, furthermore, many, lots of, etc.“－”表示减少、除去、少：minus, lack, in short of, little, few, etc.“×”表示错误、没有、反对、冲突：wrong, something bad, negative, conflict, confrontation, etc.“＞”表示大于、超过、多于：greater, larger or more than, better than, surpass, more and more, etc.“<”表示小于、不如、次于、比不上：smaller than, fewer/less than, worse than, inferior to, etc.“=”表示等于、相当于、一样：the same as，that is to say， in other words，be equal to, etc. 对手：match/rival/competitor, counterpart.“≠”表示不等于、不同：not equal to, be different from, etc.“≈”表示大约、左右：about/around，or so， approximately, etc.“∵”表示由于、因为：because, as, due to, thanks to, owing to, etc.“∴”表示所以、因此、因而、结果：so, therefore, as a result, consequently, etc.（三) 标点符号“：”表示说：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc. 意见、观点、主意：opinion, idea, viewpoint, etc.“?”表示问题：question，issue，problem, etc.“．”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样：“．d”表示yesterday，“．y"表示last year，“．2m”表示two months ago，“y”表示this year，“y2．”表示 two years later/in two years，“next week”，可以表示为“wk．”“（）”表示在……之间：among, within, etc.（四) 其它符号“√”表示好：right/good，famous/well-known，etc. 同意：stand up for，support， agree with somebody, certain/ affirmative, etc.“& ”表示和、与：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，etc.“☆”表示重要的、杰出的、优秀的、榜样：important， best，outstanding，brilliant，model, etc.“∥”表示结束：end，stop，halt，bring something to a standstill/stop, etc.“°”表示人、者：person, people, 如经济学家可以表示为“经°”，中国人可以表示为“中°”，etc.“⊙”表示会议、讨论、谈判：meeting, seminar, discussion, negotiation, etc.“♂”表示男人：man, male, boy, etc.“♀”表示女人：woman, female, girl, etc.“□”表示国家：country, state, nation, etc.“△”表示代表：represent, on behalf of, etc.“∽”表示交流、交换、替代、相互：exchange, mutual, each other, communication, replace, etc.（五) 缩略词英语缩写词的写法一般有以下几种：●拿掉所有元音。
口译交传笔记所记内容与符号
口译交传笔记所记内容与符号交传笔记内容：信息要点事件场景：何时?何地?何人?何事?为何?(5w原则)……交流信息：谁在说?对谁说?发言者到底想表达什么意思?……译员需要理解事件发生的背景和参与事件的人物以及人物与人物、人物与背景之间的关系逻辑连贯列举／递进：首先／其次／最后，第一／第二／第三，……原因／目的：因为，所以，从而，……假设／条件：如果，只要，一旦，……转折／让步：虽然，但是，尽管，……人类的语言中充满了关联词语，并且在不同民族之间呈现出一定的共性。
可见，话语逻辑的连贯衔接反映人类思维的基本规律，因此译员的理解过程包括逻辑推理的层面，有关线索应当体现在交传笔记当中。
容易遗忘的细节数字专有名词技术术语交传中常见符号：表示各种各样“说”的动词，表示“问题”∧表示转折√表示“好的”状态☆表示“重要的”状态N 表示“交流”状态＆表示“和”、“与”∥表示“结束”人际交流：认为，相信，觉得，以为”说，表示，陈述，指出问题，疑问答案，解答（这个符号来自于西班牙语的标点。
）逻辑关联∴因为，由于（许多逻辑和数量符号借用了数学中的写法。
）+ 表示“多”∵所以，因此→表示推理←虽然，尽管数量关系> 多于，更多< 少于，更少= 相等，相同≈大约，粗略，差不多≠不同于，差异↗增加↘下降max 最大，最高min 最小，最低时间关系」之前，直到L 之后，自从+ 表示“多”++(+2)表示“多”的比较级+3 表示“多”的最高级一表示“少”×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念( ) 表示“在……之间”。
口译笔记符号汇总及注意事项
现场口译笔记符号汇总一、口译记录符号分类1、像形、会意符号：汉字属于象形文字，具有很强的表意功能，口译记录可以借用单个的汉字或它们的某些偏旁部首，然后再混合其它符号来表达一些概念。
e.g. 水水(上加一横表示干旱,下加一横表示洪灾)“口”表示“国家”、“民族”，在“口”的上面加上一个人头样的小圆圈“o”，这时“口”又可以用来表示"x国人"了2、像声符号：e.g: “U”与单词“you”希腊字母“γ”(gamma) 读作[ga:ma:]其发音近似英语单词“government”的读音，所以“γ”也常被用在口译记录中表示“government”(政府)或“governmental”(政府的)之意。
3、公共场所和行业标识：e.g: “P”，它表示的是“停车场”、“停放”之类的意思，口译记录，我们除了借用这一符号指代上述意义外，还可以将它们稍加引申来表达“中止”、“中断”、“停顿”、“停火”等意思。
再如：作口译记录时我们还可以用“十”来代表“医院”、“门诊部”等。
4、标点符号：e.g: “?”常被用来表示“问题”、“难题”等概念，因此口译过程中若涉及到“台湾问题”时，译员只记作“TW?”即可。
“：”可以表示与“说”有关的概念，如：“告诉”、“演讲”、“宣称”、“声明”、“认为”、“赞成”、“报怨”、“抗议”等；“……”表示“剩余”、“遗留问题”；“( )”则表示“包括”、“在……范围之内”、“封闭”、“闭关自守”、“禁闭”等意思。
、印刷符号：e.g: “∧”则表示“插入”、“干涉”、“介入”、“侵略”，而“／”则用来表示“删(剔)除”、“取消”6、数学符号：加号“+”可以表示“增加”、“补充”；“减号”“-”则表示“扣除”“减少”，而“≈”便用来表示“大约”、“几乎”；“∵”则可以表示“由于”“因为”等概念7、箭头符号：箭头符号直观、明了,使用得更多、更广泛 . e.g:右指箭头“→”常用来表示“派谴”、出国、“运往”、“前往”、“出口”、“向……传达”、“导致”等概念。
口译笔记速记符号归总---笔记符号汇总哈1
Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.
ind = individu al cons = conserva tive
Eliminat e final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recogniz able abbrevia tion. assoc = associat e biol = biology info = informat ion ach = achievem ent chem = chemistr y max = maximum intro = introduc tion conc = concentr ation min = minimum rep = repetiti on
Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democrac y lib = liberal cap = capitali sm
Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable . pres = presenta tion subj = subject
高级口译 听力常用 英语缩略 词表
缩略词 原词 APT Apartmen t ACC Accounta nt ACDG Accordin g
口译笔记速记符号归总(三)
口译笔记速记符号归总（三）二、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如：日本人：JZ.C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, ernmental official 可以表示为 CZP 表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political.那么politician就可以表示为 PZE 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。
G 表示效率：efficient, effective.G为效率符号。
Q 表示"通货膨胀"：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业：business.C× 表示冲突，矛盾：conflict，confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation. W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。
它是work的第一个字母。
所以WZ 就可以用来表示worker, 而W（Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee）。
i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。
U U 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺".如果在U内填入2××××，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）, 填入3表示为trilateral（三边的）。
口译笔记符号大汇总(超全整理版,方便直接背诵)
－ 少/减去/除去
> 大于/多于/好 于/优于 ∧高 ( ) 在...之间 / 否认/消除 ！惊叹/特别注 意
about/around/or so/approximately
less/smaller
inferior to but yet however question/issue
四．度量衡
原词 meter centimeter minimeter mile nautical mile
五. 缩略词
原词 Apartment According Advertisement
aircraft Advice as soon as possible are Building Cancel carbon copy Conform Complete Condition Compete/competitive
原词 Sterling/pound Renminbi/RMB Austrian schillings
Eurodollar Japanese yen
速记符号 ￡ ￥ Sch € 円
三．时间简写
原词
速记符号
hour
hr
second
’’
afternoon
a
today
d
the day before yesterday ”d
速记符号 ’ m n .d d’ dd m’ ”w 2w 4w 6w
时间：二O二一年七月二十九日
时间：二O二一年七月二十九日
Sunday January March May July September November two month ago two year later 1949 年后 20 年以后 since/ever since
(2021年整理)口译笔记速记符号归总---笔记符号汇总
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口译笔记速记符号归总目录[1］。
Note-taking symbols and abbreviations［2］。
关于缩略词[3］.关于字母和图像［4］。
用箭头、数字符号、标点符号来表示1。
Note—taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time。
Symbols helpful in math —— these are commonly used in texts and references。
S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g。
= exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word。
口译笔记速记符号归总
口译笔记速记符号归总（一）1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math —— these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <——>resulting in ——>and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/口译笔记速记符号归总（二）一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible.很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
口译笔记中常用速记符号
口译笔记中常用速记符号小于＜小于或等于≢大于或等于≣等于、意味着 =不等于≠约等于≈遗憾、悲哀 ;高兴、荣兴 (错误、否、不、否定×正确、对、好、肯定√不同意 N同意 Y上升、增加↑下降、减少↓强、好＋更强、更好＋＋弱、差－更弱、更差――因为∵所以∴优秀★胜利 V问题、疑问？和、与＆结论是 =＞促进、发展↗国家□国与国□/□原因←导致、结果→对立、冲突 ><波折＜＜会议、会面⊙进入∩接触、交往∞分歧⊥非常、十分重要 ** 坚持≡关键！奇观 !有关 @替换为∽与……比较而言∥空洞○代表△杨洁篪外长新闻发布会核心英语词汇2010年3月7日，杨洁篪外长的新闻发布会核心词汇：入门级：1. 哥本哈根会议 Copenhagen (climate) conference2. 国际金融危机 international financial crisis3. 国际格局 international situation (其实这里的“格局”不用很复杂，situation比pattern或configuration更直接)4. 国际关系民主化 democratization of international relations5. 气候变化 climate change6. 能源资源安全 energy resources security7. 公共卫生安全 public health security8. 峰会外交 summit diplomacy9. 世博外交 Expo diplomacy10. 前所未有的机遇 unprecedented opportunities11. 核心利益 core interests12. 分歧和摩擦 differences and friction13. 战略互惠关系 strategic reciprocal relations14. 区域融合 regional integration15. 政治互信 political mutual trust16. 务实合作 pragmatic cooperation17. 匹兹堡峰会 Pittsburg Summit18. G20机制 G20 mechanism19. 贸易保护主义 trade protectionism20.多哈回合谈判 Doha round negotiations21. 中阿合作论坛 Forum on China-Africa Cooperation22.施压 pressure (直接作及物动词用，后接宾语)23.制裁 sanction24.伊朗核问题 the nuclear issue of Iran25.上海合作组织 Shanghai Cooperation Organization26.毒品走私 drug smuggling27. 公众开放日 public open day28.外交部 Foreign Ministry29.国际劳动妇女节100周年 100th anniversary of the International Women's Day30.取长补短 draw on each other's strength进阶级:31. 冷战思维 Cold War mentality32. 零和博弈 zero-sum game33. 免关税 tariff exemption34. 拿…来“说事” to make an issue out of…（这里必须意译，这是现场译员的版本。
口译常用的笔记符号汇总
口译常用的笔记符号汇总一、前言口译笔记是一种有效的辅助工具，能够帮助译员记录关键信息，提高翻译的准确性和效率。
正确的笔记可以帮助译员在紧张的口译环境中保持清晰思维，避免因遗忘或疏忽而造成的错误。
本篇文档旨在汇总口译过程中常用的笔记符号，以便译员在实践中参考和使用。
二、笔记符号说明1.缩写词：用字母、数字等简洁形式记录单词或短语，如“u”代表“under”，“m”代表“meeting”。
2.符号：用各种符号记录概念、观点、人名等，如“△”代表“注意”，“☆”代表“重要”。
3.符号组合：将多个符号组合使用，表达更复杂的含义，如“⊙”+“b”+“√”代表“乙方已确认”。
4.线条：用线条记录时间和空间信息，如“↑”代表时间推进，“●”代表地点。
5.特殊符号：用特殊符号记录特殊概念或情况，如“*”代表突发情况，“#”代表需要特别关注的人或事。
6.标注：在单词、短语或句子旁边添加注释，如“注意语法”、“需要核实信息”。
三、笔记符号分类1.词汇类：包括名词、动词、形容词、副词等基本词汇的记录，如“公司”、“讨论”、“热情”、“快速”。
2.句式类：包括常用句型、表达方式、习惯用语的记录，如“如果…就…”，“预期效果是…”。
3.人名地名类：包括人名、地名等专有名词的记录，如“张三”、“北京”、“上海”。
4.特殊符号类：包括数字、货币、度量衡等特殊概念的记录，如“100元”，“50公斤”。
5.时间空间类：包括时间、日期、星期、月份、季节、天气等空间信息的记录，如“今天星期四”，“会议在会议室进行”。
四、常见笔记符号示例1.缩写词示例：“d=day，n=night，e=email”2.符号示例：“▲=减慢速度，●=暂停”，“※=重要信息”，“＄=货币符号”，“※＋手＋√=手记确认”3.符号组合示例：“※＋笔＋√=需要记录的信息”，“●＋椅子＋√=休息地点”4.标注示例：“√=已同意”，“?=需要进一步确认”，“↑=增加音量”，“↓=降低音量”5.时间空间示例：“↑9:00”，“↓会议室”，“＃主席台”五、总结口译过程中，正确的笔记可以帮助译员快速记录关键信息，提高翻译效率。
口译笔记常用符号及含义
口译笔记常用符号及含义∵因为，由于，幸亏，because, for, as, due to, thanks to∴所以，因此，于是，so, therefore, thus, hence, as a result, consequently, accordingly// 但是，然而，不过，相反，but, however, whereas, though, nevertheless, instead, contrast ∫如果，假设，if, once, provided that, in case (of), had I known, were this to happen+ 另外，和，并且，连同，以及，加上，and, as well as, too, plus, add, moreover, besides = 也就是，即，意味着，等同于，which means, that is, in other words, equal to, same, similar ≠不同于，不如，不相当，different, unlike, not the same, unequal≈大约，估计，大概，about, almost, nearly, estimated> 大于，多于，超过，高于，好于，more than, better than, superior to, surpass, exceed< 小于，少于，低于，次于，less than, inferior to↑增长，发展，提高，升级，increase, raise, improve, develop, grow, boost, enhance↓减少，下降，降低，decrease, decline, descend, reduce, cut, fall, drop→导致，引起，引发，到，向，去，to, lead to, cause, result in, bring about, contribute to←由，自，归因于，result from, attributed to, credited to√正确，好，妥善，真实，肯定，good, true, correct, yes, well, positive, confirm, genuine ×错误，不是，否定，无效，负面，坏，bad, wrong, not, negative, false, rather than↔属于，包括，包含，例如，belong to, including, part of, contain, such as, for example∑总和，总数，总之，一句话，结论，sum, all, conclusion, in one word, summary, in brief @ 关于，有关，相关，about, on, relevant, related, concerning, with regard to? 问题，麻烦，难题，疑惑，ask, question, problem, trouble, confused, difficulty, issue! 重要，重视，注意，警告，强调，important, focus, alert, attention, warning, stress, emphasize ：说到，表示，提出，认为，想，相信，say, speak, tell, express, think, believe, be sure that <: 看到，了解到，意识到，考虑到，表明，显示出，see, know, show, imply□国家，地区，country, state, nation, region, area,○世界，国际，全球，world, international, global, earth⊙会议，讨论，谈判，meeting, conference, discussion, negotiation, seminar, summith 主持，领导，主席，host, head, leader, chairman, president△代表，represent, on behalf of∽互相，彼此，交换，交流，替代，each other, exchange, mutual, replace 改变，变化，变形，转变，change, alter, transform﹩美元，货币，金钱，财富，dollar, money, currency, fortune﹟结束，停止，暂停，完成，stop, pause, end, finish, complete⊥基础，根本，建立，根据，通过，凭借，based on, establish, according to, through∪同意，认可，一致，协议，联合，agree, agreement, united, union☺高兴，荣幸，激动，乐观，满意，happy, pleasure, excited, privilege, honor, satisfied, luck ☹难过，抱歉，同情，哀悼，后悔，生气，sad, sorrow, grief, sorry, sympathy, regret, angry °右上角标，表示人，者，家，如：中国人中°，Economist E°s右上角标，表示复数概念，如：几年来y s，各国□s_ 放在时间周围表示之前、之中和之后，如：2年前2y ，1年来1y ，6月后6M 放在缩略词或符号下，用于强调或加强语气，如：充分认识到<: ，深表赞同U驻英国大使刘晓明在英国外交部欢迎中国青年代表团招待会上的致辞2010年3月23日尊敬的团中央第一书记陆昊先生，青年朋友们：很高兴出席今晚的招待会。
口译笔记符号大汇总(超全整理版-方便直接背诵)
business
B商业
conflict/confrontation
C×冲突/矛盾
work/employ
W工作/职业
industry/industrial
i工业
treaty/agreement
U合同/协议
bilateral（双边的）
U内填入2
trilateral (三边的)
U内填入3
Unilateralism（单边主义）
U
Your
UR
Will
WL
Week
WK
Weight
WT
六．较长单词的处理办法
词尾
缩写
原词
速记符号
-ism
m
socialism
Sm
-tion
n
standardization (标准化)
stdn
-cian
o
technician
techo
-ing
g
marketing (市场营销)
MKTg
-ed
d
accepted
↑发展/加强/推进
up/upward/rise/increase/
arise/ascend
h↑上升
ups and downs/twists and turns/roller coaster
<<波折
submit to
↓屈服
exchange/mutual
n交流
a match /rival /competitor/ counterpart/against
Can$
Eurodollar
€
New Zealanddollars
口译中简单而常用的57种速记符号
大于＞同意Y问题、疑问？接触、交往∞小于＜上升、增加↑和、与＆分歧⊥小于或等于≢下降、减少↓结论是=＞非常、十分重要**大于或等于≣强、好＋促进、发展↗坚持≡等于、意味着=更强、更好＋＋国家□关键！不等于≠弱、差－国与国□/□奇观!约等于≈更弱、更差――原因←有关@遗憾、悲哀;因为∵导致、结果→替换为∽高兴、荣兴(所以∴对立、冲突><但是‖错误、否、不、否定×优秀★波折＜＜与……比较而言∥正确、对、好、肯定√属于↔会议、会面⊙空洞○不同意N胜利V进入∩代表△口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。
记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。
人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。
顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。
影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。
即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。
因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。
一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。
例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：二、常用速记符号速记是一项特殊的技巧，速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。
在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。
2011年中高级口译常见新闻英语词汇合集所属：口译阅读：953次评论：1条[我要评论]摘要：本文总结了中高级口译中最新的常见新闻英语词汇，希望能对同学们有所帮助。
吴忠明口译笔记符号
吴忠明口译笔记符号∵因为，由于，幸亏；because,dueto;thanksto,∴所以，因此，结果是；so,therefore,consequence,=相同，一致，公平；thesameas,equalto,similarto,≠不同，不公平，有差距；difference,disparity,≈大约，大概；about,almost,nearly,>大于，超过，高于；surpass,exceed,morethan,superiorto×错的，不好的，负面的；wrong,mistake,bad,notorious,negative,√对的，不好的，积极主动的；correct,good,positive,affirmative,二，惯用符号：看，说，评论；speak,express,think,疑点，困惑，问题就是；question,problem,issue,inquiry,interrogate,ask,puzzle,query,confused,mystery,b ewildered;△危险，警告，当心，值得注意的是；!1,dangerous,warning,alarming,alert,hazardous,perilous,jeopardy,2,sure,certainly,ofcourse,信息，消息，情报；information，message,intelligence,删掉，废止，退出；delete,discard,giveup;__这个，强调；underlineacertainword/phrasetoaddthemoodofs peech,indicating“emphasize”,e.g例如，比如；forexample,suchas,三，图形符号高兴，兴奋；happy,excited,失望，不满意，生气；unhappy,unsatisfied,angry,⊙会议，聚会；conference,symposium,convention,session,forum,seminar,council,congress,meeting,association,union,senate,parliament,convocation,学学校，大学，教育机构；school,college,educationalinstitution,十医院，医疗机构；hospital,medicalinstitution,○●目标，目的；aim,objective,target,△!重视，强调；payattentionto,highlight,□国家，民族；nation,state,republic,kingdom,federal,union,∧领导，顶点，顶级；国家领导人，政府首脑，总统，秘书长；president,secretarygeneralsg,generalsecretarygr;□←进口import,→□出口export,△城市，都市，city,urban,metropolitan,cosmopolitan;农村，乡村；village,rural,country,countryside,farm,suburb,outskirt,☆重点，重心，重视，重要的，主要的，杰出的；1）important,significant,key,crucial,critical,meaningful,essential,decisive,event ful,influential,consequential,principleofgreatimportance,2)outstanding,distinguished,marked,remarkable,notable,excellent,perfect,eminen t,famous,well-known,well-recognized,great,prominent,prestigious,extraordinary,glorious,noteworthy,grand,magnificent,3)wonderful,terrific,fantastic,fabulous,marvelous,4)chief,primary,main,major,d ominant,overwhelming,most,5)emphasize,stress,focus,underscore,underline,accent uate,highlight,attachgreatimportanceto,laystresson,payattentionto,*特征，特点，代表；1）feature,character,characteristic,symbol,sign,peculiarity,attribute,quality,nat ure,trademark,mark,specially,2）represent,symbolize,exemplify,typify,embody,epitomize,personify,onbehalfof,sta ndfor,m男性；man,male,f女性；woman,female,v胜利，凯旋；victory,triumph,$美元，钱，有钱的，富裕的；dollar,money,rich,well-off,affluent,‖渠道,，管道；channel,tunnel,tube,pipe,ditch,duct,d发展；develop,developing-di,developed-dd,advance;┘过去；inthepast,longbefore,pasttime,n将来；inthefuture,infuture;↓影响，效果，压力，负担；1）influence,effect,affect,impact,havebearingon;2）pressure,stress,burden,load;四，趋势符号↑增加，提升，提高，升级，升值；increase,improve,enhance,grow,advance,heighten,lift,rise,raise,elevate,promote ,escalate,update,exalt,boost,nourish,toup,climbup,standup,bringup,giveboostto;↓增加，上升，减少，升值；decline,decrease,reduce,drop,fall,descend,sink,weaken,devalue,degrade,dwindle, lower,depress,lessen,devaluate,depreciate,diminish,cutdown,falloff;五，英文字母y年，yearm月，monthw周，weekh小时，hour＇分后，minute＂秒，second-1y一年前；oneyearbefore;down,go。
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吴忠明口译笔记符号《英语口译笔记法实战指导》一，数学体系∵因为，由于，幸亏；because,due to;thanks to,∴所以，因此，结果是；so,therefore,consequence,=相同，一致，公平；the same as,equal to,similar to,≠不同，不公平，有差距；difference,disparity,≈大约，大概；about,almost,nearly,>大于，超过，高于；surpass,exceed,more than,superior to<少于，低于；less than, inferior to,+另外，多；plus,add,moreover,besides,-减去，除去，除了；minus,deduct,except,æ行动，行为，法案；action,act,[]在--之中，在-之内；among,within,↔属于；belong to,×错的，不好的，负面的；wrong,mistake,bad,notorious,negative, √对的，好的，积极的；correct,good,positive,affirmative, 二，惯用符号：看，说，评论；speak,express,think,?疑问，疑惑，问题是；question,problem,issue,inquiry, interrogate,ask,puzzle,query,confused,mystery,bewildered; △! 危险，警告，当心，值得注意的是；1,dangerous,warning,alarming,alert,hazardous,perilous, jeopardy,2,sure,certainly,of course,✉信息，消息，情报；information，message,intelligence, 删除，废除，放弃；delete,discard,give up;∽贸易，交换，交流，关于，关联，替代；trade,exchange, communication,relationship,__ 这个，强调；underline a certain word/phrase to add the mood of speech,indicating “emphasize”,e.g例如，比如；for example,such as,三，图形符号☺高兴，激动；happy,excited,☹失望，不满意，生气；unhappy,unsatisfied,angry,⊙会议，聚会；conference,symposium,convention, session,forum,seminar,council,congress,meeting, association,union,senate,parliament,convocation, 学学校，大学，教育机构；school,college,educational institution,○十医院，医疗机构；hospital,medical institution,O 全部的，整个的，所有的，完整的，彻底的；complete,whole, △●目标，目的；aim,objective,target,! 重视，强调；pay attention to, highlight,□国家，民族；nation,state,republic,kingdom,federal,union,∧领导，顶点，顶级；1）top,head,tip,peak,uttermost,maximum,climax,supreme,crown, 2)leader,head(man),director,chancellor,boss,manager, officer,captain,king,queen,emperor,empress,majesty,dictator, ruler,commander,governor,mayor,administrator,supervisor, monitor, monitress,minister,政府首脑，总统，秘书长；president,secretary general SG, general secretary GR;□←进口 import,→□出口 export,△城市，都市，city,urban,metropolitan,cosmopolitan;▽农村，乡村；village,rural,country,countryside,farm,suburb, outskirt,☆重点，重心，重视，重要的，主要的，杰出的；1）important,significant,key,crucial,critical,meaningful, essential,decisive,eventful,influential,consequential, principle of great importance,2)outstanding,distinguished,marked,remarkable,notable,exce llent,perfect,eminent,famous,well-known,well-recognized,gre at,prominent,prestigious,extraordinary,glorious,noteworthy, grand,magnificent,3)Wonderful,terrific,fantastic,fabulous,marvelous,4)Chief,primary,main,major,dominant,overwhelming,most,5)Emphasize,stress,focus,underscore,underline,accentuate,h ighlight,attach great importance to,lay stress on, pay attention to,*特征，特点，代表；1）feature,character,characteristic,symbol,sign,peculiarity, attribute,quality,nature,trademark,mark,specially,2）Represent,symbolize,exemplify,typify,embody,epitomize,pe rsonify,on behalf of, stand for,M 男性；man, male,F女性；woman,female,V胜利，凯旋；victory,triumph,$美元，钱，有钱的，富裕的；dollar,money,rich,well-off, affluent,U协议，决议，合约，条约；agreement, treaty, contract, covenant, compact, convention,resolution,○✖结束，停止，完成，实现；halt,stop,complete,‖渠道,，管道；channel,tunnel,tube,pipe,ditch,duct,d 发展；develop,developing-di, developed-dd,advance;┘过去；in the past,long before,past time,∟将来；in the future, in future;↓影响，效果，压力，负担；1）influence,effect,affect,impact,have bearing on;2）Pressure,stress,burden,load;四，趋势符号←邀请，需要，访问，来到；be invited, needed, come here;→去，到，走；to go (there);↑增加，提升，提高，升级，升值；increase,improve,enhance, grow,advance,heighten,lift,rise,raise,elevate,promote, escalate,update,exalt, boost,nourish,to up,climb up,stand up,bring up,give boost to;↓减少，下降，降低，贬值；decline,decrease,reduce, drop,fall,descend,sink,weaken,devalue,degrade,dwindle,lower ,depress,lessen,devaluate,depreciate,diminish,cut down,go down,fall off;五，英文字母Y年，yearM月，monthW 周，weekh小时，hour＇分，minute＂秒，second-1y一年前；one year before;b但是，然而；but,however,neverthelessc世纪,百年， century,centenary;e经济；economy,economics;f金融,财政; finance,financial,financially;正政府，政党，政权，政策，政体，政治；government, politic,political, politician,policy,regime,party;n很多个；many,much,several;g 改革；reform, change,revolution;k开放；open,opening-up;gk改革开放； reform and opening-ups科学，社会；science,scientific,social,society;j技术；technology,tech;sj科技；science and technology;h和平；peace，peaceful;hd和平与发展; peace and develop;ww 双赢，互利；win-win situation, mutual benefit;六，英文小写缩写al尽管，虽然；although;bz商业， businessco公司；company,cooperation;com社团 communion;edu教育，education;eg例子； for exampleins保险 insurance;io信息，消息；information infra基础建设；infrastructure nz新闻；news;tr贸易，trade;tx税收，tax,taxation;Ag农业，agriculturerec娱乐，recreationgym体育馆，健身房；gymnasium Congrats 恭喜，congratulate doc医生，doctordemo示范，表演；demonstration。