口译笔记符号_图文
口译笔记法符号汇总(超级全面)
希腊字母 P 读/pai/,近似 politics, political。那么 politician 就可以表示 为 PZ
G 表示效率：efficient, effective。
G 为效率符号。
Q 表示“通货膨胀”：inflation
因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
⊙圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等： meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposium
∞ 这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示“捕鱼业”等合 fishery 有关的词汇。
O 圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全
如果在 U 填入2，就可以表示为 bilateral（双边的）, 填入3表示为 trilateral (三边的)。
填入在 U 中填入1表示: Unilateralism（单边主义），填入 m (multiple) 表示 多边主义。
如果在 U 上加一个“/”表示谈判破裂。
O 表示“国家”、“民族”、“领土”等：country, state, nation, etc.
学会一字等于一句看一字想一句看一句知一句以符号代文字以下各符号均可在记录中代替文字数学符号equal
一、地名简写 高级口译听力部分要求考生准确拼写出主要国家的名称和首都。如果要把每个国 家的名称完整的记录下来．会很费时间。因此，常用国名的记录方法应常记心中， 比如 K=Korea, SD= Sweden, SW=Switzerland 等等。有时还可以借助“|－”来 表示东、西、南、北、中等方位。 例如：the Republic of Korea(ROK，南朝鲜)， 表示为“－K”; 相应的 the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea（DPRK， 北朝鲜）, 就可以表示为“K－”, Central London,表示为 LD。Western Europe （西欧）表示为“|EU”，Eastern Germany (东德)表示为“G|”。
口译笔记符号
口译记录的常用符号a.图标符号:↑ : 上升, 发展, 扩大, 加强等(grow, develop, expand, strengthen, etc.)↓ :下降, 减少, 恶化, 裁减(drop to, reduce, deteriorate, cut down )→ ：导致，输出，派遣, 进入, 结论(result in, export to, send to, enter, drawa conclusion）：来自，源于，追溯至, 进口，收到(come from, originate from, date back,import from, receive from）：国家(country, state, nation）：国内(domestic, internal, home）：国外(external, overseas, abroad）⊙：开会,会议,研讨会,讨论,谈判(meeting, conference, seminar, discussion, negotiation）（图像表示“圆桌”）∪：协议,协定,条约,合同(agreement, accord, treaty, contract) （图像表示“酒杯”，含有庆祝的意思）如: 双边条约(bilateral treaty)可写成: ;三边协定(trilateral agreement )可写成: ;°：人, 人们(person, people) （图像表示“人头”）如: 美国人可写成: “US°” ; 中国人可写成: “中°” ;♂：男性,男人(male, man）♀：女性,女人(female, woman）Δ：代表(on behalf of）：对立,冲突(confrontation, conflict）~ ：交流,交换, 相互(exchange, replace, each other）?：疑问,问题,提问(doubt , problem, question, ask）: ：说,告诉,认为,声明,例如(say, speak, tell, think, declare, such as, like）( )：包括,在…之中/内,封闭(including, within, among, inside, seclusion）∈：属于,归于,归属(belong to ,be part of, fall into, pertain to)// ：停顿,停止,终止(stop, halt）& ：和,与…一起(and, together with）…：等等(and so on, and so forth, and the like, etc.)√：正确,好,肯定的,积极的,同意(correct, good, affirmative, certain, positive, agree）×：不/非,错误的,坏的,不好的, 否定的(not, no, wrong, incorrect, bad, notorious, negative)☆：杰出的,优秀的,最佳的,重要的,榜样(outstanding, excellent, best, important, model）（星光璀璨，表示“优秀,突出”）：高兴,开心,愉快,兴奋(happy, pleased, delightful, joyful, excited）（这是个脸谱图像符号，嘴巴向上翘，表示“开心”）：不满,生气,不开心,郁闷(unsatisfied, angry, unhappy, gloomy)（嘴巴向下撇，表示“不高兴”）：惊讶,惊奇,吃惊,震惊(surprised , astonished , amazed, shocked )（嘴巴张大，表示“吃惊”）：害怕,恐惧,恐慌(scared , frightened, panic ) （两只眼睛张大，表示“恐惧”）：听说,据说,众所周知(it is said that, maybe you’ve heard of, as we allknow , as is known to all ) （脑袋上画个耳朵，表示“听说过，有所闻”）b .数学符号:= ：等于,相当于,是…的对手(equal to, the same as, a match/rival/competitor for sb.)≠：不等于,不同,不是…的对手(not equal to, different, no match for)≈：大约,左右(approximately, around, or so )＞：大于,多于,超过,优于(greater, larger or more than, better than, surpass, superior to)＜：小于,少于,不够,劣于,次于(smaller/fewer/less than, worse than, inferior to)+ ：加上,另外,除此之外(plus, add, moreover, besides, in addition to, furthermore)－：减去,扣除,缺乏(minus, deduct, lack )∑：总共,合计(total, in all, add up )% ：百分比,百分之…(percent)‰：千分比,千分之…(per thousand)∵：因为, 由于(as, because, owing to, due to, thanks to）∴：所以, 因此, 因而(consequently, so, therefore, as a result）c .常用缩写词:UN ( United Nations ) :联合国UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization):联合国教科文组织UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund):联合国儿童基金会UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees):联合国难民公署EU (European Union ) : 欧洲联盟(简称“欧盟”)EEC (European Economic Community): 欧洲经济共同体NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization): 北大西洋公约组织APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation): 亚太经济合作组织WTO (World Trade Organization): 世界贸易组织WB (World Bank): 世界银行IMF(International Monetary Fund):国际货币基金组织L.G( ladies and gentlemen):女士们、先生们TKS( thanks):谢谢Org(organization):组织Co.(Company):公司MKT(market):市场L/C(letter of credit):信用证Ltd.(Limited): 有限Memo (memorandum): 备忘录 B.C.(before Christ): 公元前e. g. (for example): 例如i.e. (that is ): 即；那就是etc. (and so on ):等等esp.(especially):特别;尤其usu.(usually):通常;惯常max.(maximum): 最高min.(minimum): 最低;最小Wt.(weight):重量Kg.(kilogramme):公斤;千克b. (billion ): 十亿m.(million, meter, mile):百万;米;英里t.( thousand ,temperature , ton):千; 温度; 吨h. (hundred, hour, height): 百;小时;高度km. (kilometer)千米:公里sq. km (square kilometer):平方公里E(East):东S( South):南W( West ):西N( North ):北Q.( question ) :问题; A.(answer, acre ): 回答;英亩C (centigrade): 摄氏温度F( Fahrenheit): 华氏温度att. (attention):注意cf.(compare):比较c/o(care of): 转交ref.(reference):参考add.(Address):住址st.(street): 街std.(standard): 标准econ. (economy):经济ad.(advertisement):广告w (world):世界p (peace):和平r (repetition):重复y (year):年m (month):月w (week):星期 d (day):日a.m.(before noon):上午p.m.(afternoon):下午CN(China):中国(或简写为“中”) US(United States ):美国F(France):法国J(Japan):日本(或简写为“日”) UK(United Kingdom):英国HK(Hong Kong):香港MO(Macao):澳门TW(Taiwan):台湾AL(Australia ):澳大利亚SD(Sweden):瑞典SZ(Switzerland):瑞士CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States):独联体IQ(Iraq):伊拉克IR(Iran):伊朗ID(India):印度IN(Indonesia):印度尼西亚PL(Palestine ):巴勒斯坦PK(Pakistan):巴基斯坦d .综合性符号:. d ( yesterday): 昨天.. d (the day before yesterday): 前天. y( last year): 去年.. y (the year before last ): 前年d . (tomorrow): 明天 d .. (the day after tomorrow): 后天y . (next year): 明年y .. (the year after last): 后天[注:在年、月、日缩写词前后加“.” , 表示时间的推前或后移。
口译笔记常用符号
常用符号（一）数学符号+表示“加上”、“另外”、“除此之外”or“多”（plus, and, in addition to 或者many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.）++(+2) 表示“多”的比较级：more+3 表示“多”的最高级：most－表示“减去”or “缺乏/少”（minus, lack, in short of/ in shortage of etc或者little, few）×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念（wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.）√表示“对的”、“好的”、“积极的”（correct, good, positive, affirmative）> 表示“多于”或者“超过”（bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, surpass, superior to, etc.）< 表示“少于”或者“不如”、“逊色”（less/smaller/fewer than, worse than, inferior to, etc.）≥表示“大于或等于”、“不少于”（more than or equal to, no less than）≤表示“小于或等于”、“不多于”（less than or equal to, no more than）= 表示“同等”、“相当于”(means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.) 也表示“对手”概念(a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.)≠表示“不同”概念(be different from, etc. )表示“无敌”概念(matchless, peerless, etc.)≈表示“大约”概念(about/around，approximately, or so，etc.)Є表示“属于”（belong to）( ) 表示“在......之间”(among, within, etc. )( 和)都可以表示并列/ 表示“否定”，“消除”等概念(cross out, eliminate, etc.)∵“由于”、“因为”、“幸亏”（because, due to, thanks to, as, owing to）∴“所以”、“因此”、“结果是”（so, therefore, as a result, consequently）⊥表示“在……基础上”（based on）,或者“影响”、“效果”、“压力”“负担”（influence, effect, impact, pressure, stress, burden, load）E 数学符号表示总值（total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. ）（二）标点符号: 表示各种各样“说”或“想”的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, express, think, etc. 表示“问题”或“疑问”：question，issue，doubt例如：台湾问题：tw? 也可表示“问”（ask）·(dot) 这个“·”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样“·d”表示yes terday, “·y”表示last year, “·2m”表示two mo nths ago。
口译笔记符号汇总及注意事项
现场口译笔记符号汇总一、口译记录符号分类1、像形、会意符号：汉字属于象形文字，具有很强的表意功能，口译记录可以借用单个的汉字或它们的某些偏旁部首，然后再混合其它符号来表达一些概念。
e.g. 水水(上加一横表示干旱,下加一横表示洪灾)“口”表示“国家”、“民族”，在“口”的上面加上一个人头样的小圆圈“o”，这时“口”又可以用来表示"x国人"了2、像声符号：e.g: “U”与单词“you”希腊字母“γ”(gamma) 读作[ga:ma:]其发音近似英语单词“government”的读音，所以“γ”也常被用在口译记录中表示“government”(政府)或“governmental”(政府的)之意。
3、公共场所和行业标识：e.g: “P”，它表示的是“停车场”、“停放”之类的意思，口译记录，我们除了借用这一符号指代上述意义外，还可以将它们稍加引申来表达“中止”、“中断”、“停顿”、“停火”等意思。
再如：作口译记录时我们还可以用“十”来代表“医院”、“门诊部”等。
4、标点符号：e.g: “?”常被用来表示“问题”、“难题”等概念，因此口译过程中若涉及到“台湾问题”时，译员只记作“TW?”即可。
“：”可以表示与“说”有关的概念，如：“告诉”、“演讲”、“宣称”、“声明”、“认为”、“赞成”、“报怨”、“抗议”等；“……”表示“剩余”、“遗留问题”；“( )”则表示“包括”、“在……范围之内”、“封闭”、“闭关自守”、“禁闭”等意思。
、印刷符号：e.g: “∧”则表示“插入”、“干涉”、“介入”、“侵略”，而“／”则用来表示“删(剔)除”、“取消”6、数学符号：加号“+”可以表示“增加”、“补充”；“减号”“-”则表示“扣除”“减少”，而“≈”便用来表示“大约”、“几乎”；“∵”则可以表示“由于”“因为”等概念7、箭头符号：箭头符号直观、明了,使用得更多、更广泛 . e.g:右指箭头“→”常用来表示“派谴”、出国、“运往”、“前往”、“出口”、“向……传达”、“导致”等概念。
同传-3-口译笔记符号
1. 特点，特色，特征 mark, feature, character, symbol, sign, characteristic, speciality peculiarity, attribute
2. 代表 represent, symbolize, typify, stand for, on behalf of
愿意接受 accept with pleasure
1. 卖 sell 2. 获利 make a profit
1. 去，到 go 2. 引起，导致 result in, lead to
1. 买 buy 2. 投资 invest
↑
增加；上升；完善；繁荣
increase, heighten, enhance, grow, lift
3. 揭示，显示 show, suggest, indicate, reveal, discover, reflect
←
1. 来 come
2. 收到 receive
3. 需要，缺少 need, require,
want, be short of,
4. 邀请，应邀 invite, on invitation
常用笔记符号
思考
为什么要记笔记？ 笔记记多少？ 如何记笔记？
笔记的要点
少些多划 少字多意 少横多竖 快速书写 明确结束
常见笔记符号类型
1. 图形符号 2. 人体行为符号 3. 标点符号 4. 数学符号 5. 中文 6. 英文 7. 谐音 8. 化学符号 9. 地图标识 10. 货币符号 11. 其它符号 12. 关联词
3. 主要 main, chief, primary, major, dominant, overwhelming
国外口译笔记符号图例
国外口译笔记符号图例consequences development relations agriculture agreement environment role energy success trade problem politics repression democracy impact work country money meeting inflation industrydeficit surpluslook forwardtochange want to need know continue decide join propose listen/hear lead to, cause say promise attack agree thankson the one hand always(toujours in French)...on the otherhanduntilon behalf of from that time onas opposed to beforerecently more than/less thanall anynowsimilar endstartOrganic symbolsWhen we talk about ORGANIC SYMBOLS we mean simply that one symbol is taken as the root for several related symbols.The most obvious example is the underlining...You can underline any symbol to add emphasisbig (i)You can also double underline, draw a squiggly line or a dotted line underneath a symbol or word denote differing degrees of emphasis or certainty....There is a system for noting verbs that ties in with this idea.......verb tenses work work g work | | work | w魊kworking worked will work would work Here are some more examples of one symbol giving rise to several more...al national (adjective)ally Nationallyze to nationalizetn nationalisationo national (noun), citizen⏹♋☐♦✍return, come back, reverse, regress⏹♋☐♦✍rise, increase, grow, climb etc.↘fall, decline, slide, slip, drop, shrink,exchange, relations,→lead to, consequence of, therefore☠continue,?o:p>☺pleased.☹annoyed, unhappy, unimpressed, etc.☹very unhappy, disgusted, etcÕ to thinkŌ to know, (for me, the straight line denotes certainty, in comparison to the squiggly line for 搕o think?)The circle can also be used to denote a person who is associated with that symbol's meaning. This can be done by adding a raised circle to another symbol.o citizenal national(adjective)econ Economy econ o economistE Energy E o energy expert,supplier,πPolicy πo politician∩ that, which ∩o whoWhere to find symbolsYou can get your symbols from anywhere that suits you...as long as you stick to some basic RULES.. Here are a few ideas.Only use these symbols if they click in your mind, don't just use them because you've seen them here. You don't have to use the meanings assigned them here either. Symbols should be instantly associated FOR YOU with the meaning you give them.Maths= + > < % /E ?nbsp; tScience(and more I can't do in html!)Music#Text messages L8R R U OK? 2 etc.Keyboard% & @ ? ?/h5>Punctuation marks? ! ( ) " :D DA UK CH FVehicle registrations(beware of mixing up China & Switzerland, or Poland and Portugal)Short words in otherso hi ta ok / bo ale juz / deja / ergo etc / pero / languagesCurrencies$ Y L €Periodic table Fe Na Po Ag CO2 CO NO2 H3SO4What to note - Lederer/Seleskovitch1. The ideas. The essence. A single symbol or word can represent an entire idea.2. Fulcra. Causality, consequence, links etc. and the relation of the ideas to one another in time.3. Transcodable terms. Words than must be repeated rather than deverbalised and interpreted.4.Numbers. Note the numbers immediately, interrupting whatever you are noting to note the number as they cannot be remembered from context and noted later as ideas can.5. Proper names. If you don't know a name, note it phonetically and see if you can work out how to say it properly in your target language later. If you can't then substitute a generic like "the UK delegate" rather than mangling the name.6. Technical terms. Specific to the context of the speech.7.Lists. Lists of words which are not integral parts of the sentences in which they are held overload the memory. So note them.8. The first sentence of each new idea should be noted with particular care. This does not mean verbatim but with care.9. LAST sentence of the speech should be noted with particular care.10. Striking usage. If the speaker uses a word or expression that stands out he has probably used it deliberately and will want it to appear in the interpretation.What to note - Taylor-BouladonMost beginners tend to write down too much but with experience you will see that your memory is better than you think and a few clear notes are infinitely preferable to a whole page of notes written so fast you can't read them back.As to what you should note, W. Keiser suggests the following:l.Always ideas, arguments, never just words. But write down all proper names, figures, titles, quotes.2. Who speaks and about whom or what.3. Tense of the action, i.e. present, past or future.4. Whether the statement is negative, positive, interrogative or exclamatory.5. Connections between ideas and arguments.6. Emphasis and stress.Notes should arranged vertically on the page, with indentations such as for new paragraphs to indicate new thoughts and a system of arrows and connecting signs.What to note - JonesThe first thing to be noted should be the main ideas, first because they are the most significant elements of a speech, and secondly because they are the pillars of its structure.It is also important to systematically note the links between the different ideas as well to divide them very clearly. Another element which has to be clear is the point of view being expressed: the audience must immediately realize who is speaking.As far as verbs are concerned, there are two basic things which must appear in the notes: verb tenses, with special attention to conditional forms, and modal verbs, whose semantic role in the sentence is always of paramount importance.Other fundamental data are numbers, dates and proper names, which must be noted accurately, being preferable in a good interpretation to miss some elements of another sentence than to get names or statistics wrong.These are some of the basic needs in consecutive interpreting as regards note-taking. Of course, interpreters have their own styles, and they could note down almost everything, or just the main elements, if they trust their short-term memory. Anyway, noting down everything, without paying the proper attention to active listening, must be avoided at all costs.Exercises for note-taking in consecutiveWhat and how to note should be part of any interpreting course and may differ greatly from one place to the next, however, the techniques for which I suggest practice exercises below are widely used.Each of these elements of note-taking can be practised in isolation and without the time pressure associated with live note-taking. By practising elements regularly and in isolation they become automatic more quickly, thus when we interpret we can concentrate on the many issues that are more important than note-taking. i.e. listening, Comprehension, analysis and reformulation!(Weber)Noting less5.1 Listening to the news. Note one word per news item and then try to reproduce each item afterwards.5.2 Reading newspaper articles. Note one word per paragraph and then try to recreate it afterwards.?Annex 1.15.3 One student prepares a short speech containing say 5 clear ideas ?listeners agree to note only five words while listening to the speech and interpret on the basis of those notes.Students must listen and analyse in order to decide which 5 words best represent the core ideas of the speech5.5 Read newspaper articles. Take notes from an article using diagonal/ vertical note-taking techniques - read article back from notes. ?also Annex 1.4 and IV 5 揈fficient Preparation?5.6 While still unfamiliar with the technique practice notetaking from slow, short speeches.Using margins (e.g. for link words) many interpreters swear by the use of margins at the left-hand side of the page (i.e. to highlight link words (conjunctions)/ structural pointers (numbering and paragraph markers) / and viewpoints see Jones). Here are some exercises to accustom ourselves to using margins to note link words. Similar exercises can be created for different uses of margin.5.7 Read articles highlighting the link words. ?Annex 1.3.5.8 Practice notetaking from articles, noting only the link words in the margin (or only link words plus one word per paragraph). Reproduce as speech. ?Annex 1.2. ?Annex 1.3.Other?/b>5.9 After a speech rewrite your notes in "fair copy". Concentrate on aspects of note-taking technique that you have been taught but perhaps ignored under the pressure of the moment. Try toarrive at a set of 搃deal?notes (- ideal according to your own style of note-taking or that which you are using). ?5.11 (Rozan)5.10 Speeches prepared for lessons and practice sessions should be noted/written in consecutive note style.These notes will not correspond exactly to what might have been noted from a spoken speech (inter alia the role of memory will be different if we prepare hours/days in advance) however for the reasons explained below it can still be a very useful exercise.In preparation we practise note-taking techniques (i.e. brevity and clarity of our notes, familiarizng ourselves with the use of symbols or margins for example. ?Consecutive notetaking V 5.10 and V 5.11) without the time pressure associated with note-taking from live speeches. Also when giving the speech to colleagues students practise note reading and delivery. By giving speeches for fellow students you have not, therefore, sacrificed your own practice time but rather practised different, but equally important, skills.?Annex 1.4.5.11 Practise taking notes while sitting at a desk or table, with the pad on your lap while sitting and while standing.Depending on the market you end up working on or the meetings you attend you may have to be proficient at note-taking in all three positions. Practising taking notes whilst sitting back in your chair with your legs crossed and the pad on your lap can also help you to relax while note-taking as the posture is naturally less tense than being hunched over a desk or table.Practising Note-takingIf you have good technique, and there are many pages on this site which describe elements of note-taking technique, and if that technique is ingrained through hours and hours of practice, then when the pressure is on...when you have to take a test or actually work....it will not let you down.Is making notes from a written text a good idea? Don't take it from us.....the following is taken from the new translation of Rozan's classic "Note-taking in Consecutive Interpreting".a) Compare your notes from the previous few pages with the model below. Note the points where you have not analysed the text well.b) Make a page of written comments on this model. Try to simplify it, by 則elescoping?or deleting everything that is not absolutely essential.c) Take notes again on the [same] text above, keeping in mind the corrections you made to youroriginal notes. Correct this new set of notes (for lay-out, verticality etc.) until your are sure that you cannot improve on them.d) Read your notes through several times until you can read them back with total fluency. Change the vocabulary you use each time, particularly for the link words, without changing the meaning or the text.。
口译笔记符号含解释
⼝译笔记符号含解释⼝译笔记符号原则：学会⼀字等于⼀句，看⼀字想⼀句，看⼀句知⼀句。
⼀. 地名简写常⽤国名的记录⽅法应常记⼼中，借助“|－”来表⽰东、西、南、北、中等⽅位.⼆. 货币简写①数字全⽤阿拉伯数字代替②000：，例如，65000：65，； 7000000：7，， 1978： ’78三．时间简写四．度量衡五. 缩略词缩略词的写法⼀般为四种⽅式：拿掉所有元⾳、保留前⼏个字母、保留开头和结尾个发⾳字母、根据发⾳六．较长单词的处理办法-ism 简写为m例如：socialism Sm-tion 简写为n例如：standardization (标准化) stdn -cian 简写为o 例如：technician techo-ing 简写为g 例如：marketing (市场营销) MKTg-ed 简写为 d 例如：accepted acptd-ment 简写为mt 例如：amendment amdmt-able/ible/ble 简写为bl 例如：available avbl-ful 简写为fl 例如：meaningful mnfl七．字母、图像、符号ｏ表⽰“⼈”people/person，因为“ｏ”看上去像个⼈头，它通常被写在⼀个词或符号的右上⾓。
例如：⽇本⼈：Jｏ。
C 表⽰政府，统治：government，govern。
希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就⽤C来表⽰govern, government。
governmental official 可以表⽰为CZ。
P 表⽰政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。
那么politician就可以表⽰为PZ。
G 表⽰效率：efficient, effective。
G为效率符号。
Q 表⽰“通货膨胀”：inflation 因为这个符号酷似⼀个上升的⽓球。
A 表⽰农业: agriculture. agriculture经常⽤到，所以⽤⾸字母代替。
口译常用符号
°人中°中国人民u你I 我h/sh他/她□国家/区域□/□国家之间γ政府π政治/政策/决策人U协议/合同/祝酒 Λ上面/高高在上/优越Λ领导人°v 下面°下属v>优于/期待< 次于/回顾>< 冲突/针锋相对<< 波折/波浪⊥分歧／不同点ㄣ椅子/主持ㄣ°主席⊙会议/讨论○国际／全球／世界⊕红十字会/护士/医院∞渔业/鱼/渔夫+ 此外/正确/好++更好/更强-弱/差/否定--更弱/更差√肯定/赞成×错误/坏了=等于/意味着≠不等于/不意味着←来自/进口自/原因→发送/出口至/导致↑上升/增加/发展↓下降/减少/退步↑↓双向/交流○空洞/无效# 结束ϑ高兴/荣幸Λ悲伤/遗憾∩进入/转换↔属于∵因为∴所以[ ] 包括/在内@位于V胜利≡坚持/决心‖但是！非常／惊讶／关键 ·/ 一方面/·另一方面·/·双方／关系？疑问／问题☆优秀／杰出☆°杰出人物♀女性♂男性2 文两个文明2 友双方的友谊N1 第一名，首要的 & 和／与△代表: 某某人说/陈述∽替换成为」过去.d 昨天∟将来..d前天d. 明天d.. 后天.w 上周w. 下周.y 去年y. 明年。
口译符号汇总
口译符号汇总
口译符号是为了便于口译人员在口译过程中进行标记和记号，以加强口译效果和准确性而使用的特定符号。
下面是口译符号的一些常见汇总：
1. 直译符号：
- 用括号表示（）
- 用中括号表示[]
- 用斜线表示/
2. 反问符号：
- 用问号表示?
- 用双问号表示??
3. 强调符号：
- 用加粗表示
- 用下划线表示
- 用引号表示
4. 删除符号：
- 用删除线表示~
5. 补充符号：
- 用横线表示-
- 用箭头表示->
6. 固定搭配符号：
- 用尖括号表示<>
- 用斜体表示
- 用小写字母表示
- 用编号表示
7. 符号组合：
- 用【】表示
- 用"//"表示
这些口译符号是根据实际口译需要而发展和使用的，口译人员根据自己的习惯和需要可以适当调整和补充使用。
使用口译符号能够帮助口译人员更加准确和流畅地传达原文信息，提高口译质量和效率。
口译笔记 图例和符号(大字版)
口译笔记图例和符号Note-taking symbols & abbreviations Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = compareeg = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word. pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebio. = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters. am’t = amountcont’d = continuedgov’t = governmenteducat’l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingIf a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again.CAS = Center for Aerospace Sciences Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is / equalUse technical symbols where applicable.ibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterUse standard maths, accounting, and science symbols.+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops.eg exampleIT Information TechnologyUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word.Mar=marketingCus= customerCli=clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Subj= subjectBudg= budgetInd= individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word.tech'gy=technologygen'ion=generalisationdel'y=deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation.Assoc= associatedAch= achievementInfo=informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word.Bkgd=backgroundMvmt=movementPrblm= problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Custs= customersFs= frequenciesUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Decrg= decreasingCkg= checkingEstblg= establishingLeave out unnecessary articles.a an theIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again.JACB= January Advertising Campaign BudgetUse symbols for common connective or transition words.@ =at 2=to4=for &=andvs= againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviations<---> as a result of / consequences of ---> resulting in+ and / also= equal to / same asff following* most importantly< less than> greater thanEsp. especially字母、图像人people/person，日本人：日人P 政治，politics, politicalE 总数，total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, etc. G效率：efficient, effectiveQ“通货膨胀”：inflationA农业: agriculture. agricultureB商业：businessC×冲突，矛盾conflict，confrontation W工作，职业: work, employi工业: industry, industrialU U 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示“举杯祝贺”。
常用符号
口译笔记常用符号及其含义
＞大于，多于，好于，优于
＜小于，少于，差于，劣于
＋加之，加上，表示补充
－减去，除去
＝即，等于，相当于
≠ 不等于，不相当，不是
≈ 大约
△ 重要的（人或事），重要性
↑ 增加，发展，升高
↓ 减少，下降，恶化
→ 导致，（出口）到，指向……
← 由……导致，（进口）自……
∵ 因为，由于，多亏
∴ 所以，结果
√ 对，正确，好
× 表示否定，不……，没奏效
__ 加在词下，强调程度。
如“严重”表示非常严重、极其严重/ 在内容上画斜杠表示否定
↔ 属于
∑ 总和
！惊叹，奇迹，需特别注意
？问题，疑惑，难题
：认为，希望
* 表示一个想法，或表示重要的、优秀的
＠关于
J 笑脸表示高兴，荣幸，好现象
L 苦脸表示难过，悲伤，忧虑，不满
○3 看似人头和耳朵，表示听说
° 右上角的圈，表示人，如中°，科°
⊥ 代表……，（打）基础
□ 国家
○ 地球，世界
⊙ 会议
h 看似椅子，表示主持，h°即主持人，主席
∪ 协议，在下凹处写2表示双边，3表示三方。
外交部常用口译笔记符号
外交部常用口译笔记符号嘿，你有没有想过，在那些高大上的外交场合，口译员们是怎么迅速又准确地把信息传达出来的呢？这里面可有个小秘密，那就是口译笔记符号。
这就好比是口译员们的“秘密武器”呢！比如说，上升这个概念，我就可以简单地用一个向上的箭头↑来表示。
就像我们看股票走势，如果股票上涨，我们是不是脑海里第一反应就是这个向上的箭头呀？在外交场合中，如果在谈论一个国家的经济增长趋势是上升的，那我就可以迅速地在本子上画个↑，简单又明了。
那下降呢，当然就是一个向下的箭头↓啦。
想象一下，你在和朋友讨论气温的变化，要是说气温降低了，你是不是很自然地就会想到这个向下的箭头？要是在外交谈判里提到某个地区的冲突事件数量在减少，↓这个符号就可以派上用场啦。
还有啊，等于号=。
这在口译笔记里也超级实用。
假如是在说两个国家的贸易额相等或者达成了某种平等的协议，那这个=就像一个小天平一样，准确地记录下这个概念。
这就像我们在分蛋糕的时候，说每个人分到的蛋糕一样多，这个时候等于号就特别能表达这种“相同”的感觉。
大于号>和小于号<也不陌生吧。
在外交事务中，要是提到一个国家的军事力量比另一个国家强大，或者某个国家的资源储量比另一个国家少，这两个符号就能快速记录下这种对比关系。
就好像在一场比赛里，一方得分比另一方多，我们很容易就会想到大于号。
有时候，还会用到一些简单的字母缩写。
像“UN”代表联合国。
这就像我们给好朋友起的昵称一样，简单好记。
在一场国际会议上，如果频繁提到联合国的事务，直接写“UN”可比写“联合国”三个字快多了。
这就像是我们平时聊天的时候，用简称来称呼一些常见的事物，方便又高效。
那像“&”这个符号呢，它可以表示“和”“与”的意思。
比如说在提到中美关系的时候，就可以写成“中&美关系”。
这就好比是把两个好朋友的名字用一个小符号连起来，表示他们之间的联系一样。
这些口译笔记符号啊，就像是一群小小的精灵，在口译员的本子上跳跃着，帮助他们快速地记录下各种复杂的信息。
口译速记符号大全(超实用) ppt课件
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3. Arrows
→表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc. 表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc. 表示屈服：submit to
←表示来自于：be/come from，return， receive from, etc.
-ize 简写为 z 例如：recognize regz
-ful 简写为 fl 例如：meaningful mnfl
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☆ 表示"重要的"状态：important，exemplary （模范的） best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.
n 表示"交流"状态：exchange，mutual, etc. & 表示"和"，"与"：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more， etc.
>>表示"波折"：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.
﹢高兴，男性，同意，增加等，如
happy ， male ， agree ， many ， +2=more ，
+3=most ， beneficial ， good ， beautiful ， great ，
gorgeous…
×不同意，错误等，如： disagree ， incorrect…
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二. 人体行为符号
smile, happy, glad, pleased, excited in a good mood
unhappy, sad, unsatisfied, angry, in a bad mood
批评 criticize
众说纷纭，若干说法 various opinions
1. 听, listen to 2. 开放, be open to
改革开放 reform and opening up
爱，关心 love, concern, care about
吓唬，威胁 scare, threaten
:
举杯，协议 toast, agreement, treaty, contract Convention, revolution 双边协议，bilateral agreement 多边协议，multilateral agreement
⊕
发展，develop, nt 发达的，developed 发展中的，developing
二、常用速记符号 速记是一项特殊的技巧，速记语言是由一
套完整的符号组成的体系。在口译实践中逐步 掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的
笔记符号
一. 图形符号
state, kingdom, country, nation, national, federal
city, metropolis, cosmopolis, metropolitan, urban, municipal
1. 开始 begin, start, initiate, open, originate, launch, pioneer commence, inaugurate
2. 形成，产生，出现 establish, found, create, appear, emerge, occur, come out, break out, come into being / existence
未来，将要, in the future 改变，变化 change, transform
果实，成果 fruit, result, accomplishment achievement
1. （使）消失，废除 delete, exclude, dismiss, erase disappear, vanish, extinct, remove abolish, get rid of, wipe out
the most important
1. 特点，特色，特征 mark, feature, character, symbol, sign, characteristic, speciality peculiarity, attribute
2. 代表 represent, symbolize, typify, stand for, on behalf of
远 far away
近 near, close
台阶，进步 step by step, progress, advance make progress
过去， 历史 in the past, history
昨天 yesterday
上个月 last month 去年 last year
前所未有的，unprecedented 很久以前，long before
1. 整体，全部，总共 whole, all, total, entire, complete, overall general, universal, integral, gross, intact,on the whole, all in all 2. 团结，统一，团聚 united, unification, gather, get together
3. 主要 main, chief, primary, major, dominant, overwhelming
4. 精彩 wonderful, terrific, splendid, fantastic, marvelous
5. 强调 emphasize, focus, underline, underscore stress, highlight, spotlight, accentuate focus on, lay emphasis/stress on attach importance to, pay attention to
1. 看
observe, view, glance, stare, notice
glimpse, scan, skim, witness, gaze
2. 想 think, consider, regard, conceive ponder, suppose, imagine, meditate speculate, contemplate
所有国家
所有人，人民群众
主权和领土完整 sovereignty and territorial integrity
⊙
会议
meeting, forum, session, seminar,
conference, symposium, committee,
association, parliament, council
3. 医疗卫生 Red Cross, hospital, medical care medical institution
禁止，结束 end, conclude, complete, cease, stop, close, terminate, expire, halt, over, pause, turn off, switch off, break up make an end of, bring to an end, bring to a conclusion
2. 破坏，推翻，剥夺 destroy, ruin, collapse, overthrow demolish, deprive,
3. 抛弃 abandon, desert, discard
4. 倒闭，下岗 bankrupt, lay off, resign, retire
5. 死亡，已故的 kill, murder, die, pass away, the late
village, farm, outskirt, countryside, suburban, rural areas
右上角：人 右下角：地方、地名、机构
领导，监督; 顶点，顶级，最 lead, supervise, head, peak, top, supreme, utmost, maximum, climax
1. 交流，交换
exchange, interact, communicate
2. 关系 interaction, relation, relationship partnership
双边关系，bilateral relationship
多边关系，multilateral relationship
道路，方法 method, way, road, means, measure approach, manner, access, route, course mode, by means of, by way of
1. 歪曲 twist, distortion of fact 2. 困难，挫折 difficulty, hardship, trouble, painful, tough, frustration, setback
多国，其他国家 other countries
国民经济 national economy
domestic, native, internal, interior, at home
foreign, overseas, abroad, alien, exotic, out of the country, beyond seas, in the foreign land in and out of the country, at home and abroad
宏观调控，macro-control
首都 capital city
1. 重要 important, significant, key, critical, crucial, essential, vital, eventful, principal, core, of great importance/ significance/ consequence
citizen, urban residents / inhabitants
famer, peasant, rancher, agriculturist
universal, worldwide, international, transnational, global, transcontinental, all over the world, across boundaries
2. 杰出 great, well-known, outstanding, remarkable, excellent, perfect, brilliant, distinguished, notable, eminent, promising, prominent, prestigious, glorious, noteworthy,
峰会 summit (meeting)
1. 关联 link to, connect with, relate to, associate with
2. 替代 replace, displace, supplant, substitute instead of, take the place of