南京师范大学美国文学选读课件13.American Modernist Poetry课件
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第3版)【章节题库】-第1~7单元【圣才出品】
第二部分章节题库第1单元本杰明·富兰克林І.Fill in the blanks.1.If we say Jonathan Edwards represents the upper levels of the American mind, _____represents the lower levels.【答案】Benjamin Franklin【解析】美国文学评论家范·威克·布鲁克斯（Van Wyck Brooks）在《美国的成年》(America’s Coming of Age)中指出乔纳森·爱德华兹和本杰明·富兰克林是美国18世纪的两位重要的哲学家，他们是不同层次思想的代表。
2.Franklin’s claim to a place in literature rests chiefly on his_____and_____.【答案】Poor Richard’s Almanac，The Autobiography【解析】富兰克林在文学上的地位主要取决于《穷查理历书》和《自传》。
3.In American literature,the eighteenth century was an Age of_____and Revolution.【答案】Reason【解析】18世纪的美国处于理性与革命时期。
这一时期的美国深受法国启蒙思想的影响，且处于独立革命时期。
4.Franklin was the epitome of the_____,the versatile,practical embodiment of national man in the18th century.【答案】Enlightenment【解析】富兰克林是启蒙思想的缩影，是18世纪理性的代表。
5.Benjamin Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece_____.【答案】The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin【解析】本杰明·富兰克林文学上最大的成就体现在他的作品《本杰明·富兰克林自传》上。
美国文学 ppt课件
• Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.
• Religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a
wrathful GodOf Plymouth Plantation
ppt课件
8
Anne Bradstreet (安妮·布拉 德斯特里特) (1612-1672)
the first American woman poet
a Puritan poet, once called “Tenth Muse”
• The spiritual life in the colonies during that period was molded by the bourgeois Enlightenment.
ppt课件
11
2. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790):
• The Autobiography • Poor Richard’s Almanack
the first American writer
A Description of New England 《新英格兰叙事》 (1616)
General History of Virginia《弗吉尼亚通史》 （1642）
• Pocahontas
ppt课件
7
William Bradford (1590-1657)
• Politics dominated the revolutionary phase of American writing.
• The crisis in American life carried by the Revolution made artists self-conscious about American subjects.
艾米莉狄金森《美国文学》原创PPT课件
interest in Emily ‘s poems
. different nature
4
The Homestead
Emily Dickinson lived with her unmarried sister Lavinia in an elegant house called The Homestead(霍姆斯特德).
At the same time , Dickinson is widely acknowledged as an innovative pre-modernist poet as well as a rebellious and courageous woman.
迪金森的诗谜一般充满奇思妙想，展现出非凡的创造力与想象力。她的作品受到17世 纪英格兰玄学派诗人的影响，同时带有清教的家庭背景的烙印。虽然她不相信家庭的传统 宗教，但她研究了圣经，许多诗歌在形式上也类似圣经。她对破折号的热爱，不规则的韵 律和韵脚，超乎寻常的比喻使她当之无愧地成. 为19世纪美国文坛最具创新意识的诗人9。
A
promineGnrat vlaewaynedr
satnedrnpolitician(
我发生冲突。” Representative to Congress)
Same as their father’s career
Became ill when Emily was 25
Focus of attention and shows Close friend，though they share
.
14
Themes
On Nature
• Dickinson observed nature closely and described it vividly but never with the feeling of being lost in it, or altogether part of it, nor was she surprised when its creatures also kept their distance.
《美国文学imagism》PPT课件_OK
• If you are coming down through the narrows of the river Kiang, • Please let me know beforehand, • And I will come out to meet you • As far as Cho-fo-Sa. -- Ezra Pound
6
Ezra Pound (1885-1972)
American poet, critic, editor, and translator; one of the foremost literary figures in literary modernism As a poet, Pound experimented with various verse forms, from short poems
3
More Representatives
Other important poets in this period include William Carlos Williams, T. S. Eliot, E.R. Robinson, Wallace Stevens, E.E. Cummings and Carl Sandburg.
2. free verse than in conventional forms. Absolute freedom in the choice of subject.
3. To present an image. 4. concentration浓缩is of the very essence of poetry.
• You dragged your feet when you went out. • By the gate now, the moss is grown, the different mosses, • Too deep to clear them away! The leaves fall early this autumn, in wind. • The paired butterflies are already yellow with August Over the grass in the West
《文学美国文学》PPT课件
因为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃是有罪的),
total depravity(人类是完全堕落的，所以
人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到
最好以取悦上帝), limited atonement (有
限救赎，只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上
帝的拯救)
h
3
American Puritanism
Features of American Puritan
h
8
2. Early American Puritan Writers
• John Smith, one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown: His descriptions about the new world became the source of information for the later settlers.
Exercise
Colonial period and Revolutionary period Early Romanticism Transcendentalism Late Romanticism
The age of Realism
Irving Franklin Cooper Emerson Hawthorne Twain James Dreiser Melville Thoreau
himself to writing Amh erican subject
12
2. Evaluation. (Benjamin Franklin1706 – 1790)
1) He was a rare genius in human history. Everything seems to meet in this one man, mind and will, talent and art, strength and ease, wit and grace, and he became almost everything: a printer, postmaster, citizen, almanac maker, essayist, scientist, inventor, statesman, philosopher, political economist and ambassador.
美国文学选读复习PPT课件
1)Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·华尔 多·艾默生
• 《Self-reliance 论自立》选自《Essays论文集》 • “不论在何处，社会总是阴谋反对每一个社会成员的阳刚之气，...要想做一
个男子汉，首先就要做一个拒绝随波逐流的人。” • 惧怕舆论和强迫自己始终如一就只会使自己的创造力和独创精神丧失殆尽。
5)Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利·沃兹 沃斯·朗费罗--Romanticism
I shot an arrow 我射出一支箭&A psalm of life人生颂 • 主题：Life is not a dream,seize the day but hold on your patience--
超验主义哲学Transcendentalism；人文主义Humanism 作品： • ①论自然Nature • ②论美国学者 The American scholar • ③神学院致辞 The Divinity school address • ④论文集Essays：Frist Series&.....Second • ⑤人类代表 Representative men • ⑥英国特征 Enct of life • ⑧诗集Poems • ⑨五月节 May-Day and other pieces
2）Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔·霍桑
红字：The severity of the Puritanic code of law • A--Adultery→angle able • 为什么女主把胸前的A绣得那么精美？ 1、love for A 2、She knows that she was guilty,it means sin. • 人物： 女主：Hester Prynne 丈夫：Arthur Chillingworth 情人：Rodger Dimmesdale 女儿：Pearl • “The kingdom of heaven is like merchants in search of fine pearls;on fingding
南京师范大学《美国文学史及选读 》期末考试试卷(A卷)
专业课复习资料（最新版）封面《美国文学史及选读》期末考试试卷（A卷）学院班级学号姓名成绩题号一二三四五六七八九十总分分数得分Ⅰ.Write the names of the authors.(10%)1.Walden2.Maggie,A Girl of the Streets3.A Farewell to Arms4.White Fang5.“Legend of Sleepy Hollow”6.The Cantos7.“Birches”8.Poor Richard’s Almanac9.“One’s Self I sing”10.Twice Told Tales得分Ⅱ.Fill in the following blanks.(10%)1._________________________was one of the founders of the Jamestown colony in Virginia in1607and is known for his work describing the colonies.2.__________________________was a determined revolutionary whose work helped the cause ofthe American Revolution considerably,but who lost his popularity long before his death.3.The term refers to the group ofpeople,some of them important to American literature(especially secular essay writing), who led the American Revolution and helped create the early American Republic.4.________________________was an early form of horror fiction that originated in18thcentury Europe and was very popular in America during the Romantic Period.5._____________________________,known for her deeply personal poems and radicallydifferent poetic themes and form,didn’t achieve fame as a poet until long after her death.得分Ⅲ.Choose only one answer form the four choices as the most appropriate answer.(15%)1.Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet.When her poems were published in England,she became know as the“______”who appeared in America.A Ninth MuseB Tenth MuseC Best MuseD First Muse2.______is the sometimes exaggerated use of local language,characters and customs in regional literature.A purple proseB waste-land imageryC local colorD symbolism3.The first great flourishing of African American literature that appealed to a relatively large literate Black readership was known as_____.A The HolocaustB The Harlem RenaissanceC AbolitionismD The Civil Rights Movement4._______was a leading19th century feminist and one of the core members of the Transcendentalist movement.A Margaret FullerB Sylvia PlathC Hilda DoolittleD Gloria Stein5.Which of the following is not typical of modern poetry?A gushing sentimentalism and comfortable imagesB abandonment of earlier verse formsC use of free verseD an effort to find and/or explore a new role for the poet in a changing world6.Who was perhaps the most popular of all20th century American poets?A Ezra PoundB Walt WhitmanC Robert FrostD Allen Ginsburg7.The Fitzgeralds lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than F.Scoot Fitzgerald earned for parties,liquor,entertaining their friends and traveling.It was this living style that nicknamed the decade of the1920s as_______.A The Jazz AgeB The Gilded AgeC The Roaring AgeD The Beat Age8.Which is true of the“Fireside Poets”?A They were generally strongly in favor of abolishing slavery.B They were deeply involved in the Transcendentalist movement.C They were a group of19th century New England poets who were tremendously popular and respected at the time they wrote.D They opposed to tradition and were in favor of radical change.9.Ernest Hemingway was badly wounded in Italy and sent to a hospital where he fell in love witha nurse.These two persons later became the characters of his novel________.A The Old Man and the SeaB For Whom the Bell TollsC The Sun Also RisesD Farewell to Arms10.The Brahmists or Boston Brahmi,in American literature,refers to_______.A The highest ranking of the Hindu castes.B A movement that emerged from rebellion against Puritan religious ideas and systems.C A group of New England writers known for their scholarship and/or conservative philosophy.D A school of imaginative writing.11.Which of the following is one of Ben Franklin’s famous proverbs?A“A stitch in time saves nine”B“God helps those who help themselves”C“A Friend in need is a friend indeed”D“Ask not who the bell tolls,the bell tolls for thee”12.___________was a reaction to the ideas of the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment.A RomanticismB RealismC NaturalismD Modernism13.Although her poems were never published in her lifetime and a complete collection of them didn’t appear until the1950’s,_____had a major impact on20th century poetry.A Anne BradstreetB Gertrude SteinC Emily DickinsonD Amy Lowell14.Which of the following writers died a natural death in his old age?A Jack LondonB Ernest HemingwayC Stephen CraneD Mark Twain15.Who of the following is NOT a20th century American poet?A Henry Wordsworth LongsfellowB Amy LowellC Ezra PoundD Robert Frost得分IV.Decide whether the statements are true or false.(10%)1.Hawthorne was a firm believer in Puritan principles and mourned their passing in his works.2.Frederick Douglas was a major19th century black writer.3.The sound of Whitman’s words casts a magic,romantic spell over readers.His tone isawesome,sad and melancholy.4.Haiku,a form of traditional Japanese poetry,greatly influenced the Imagist movement.5.Leaves of Grass is Whitman’s life work.6.Thanks in part to the efforts of Ezra Pound,Robert Frost was published in England andquickly became recognized as a major American poet.7.In1954,T.S.Eliot was awarded a Nobel Prize for his“mastery of the art of modernnarration.”8.Hemingway believed that a man could find meaning in life by facing is death with dignityand courage.9.Thomas Jefferson was famous for powerful,persuasive essays,such as his pamphlet CommonSense,which persuaded many people to support the American Revolution.10.William Hill Brown’s The Power of Sympathy,written in1789,is often called“the firstAmerican novel”.得分V.Identify the following fragments and then answer questions.(20%)Passage OneThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet,black bough.Questions:1.Who is the writer of this poem?_______________2.What is the title of this poem?_______________3.What images in this poem suggest Haiku poetry and what images are “modern”?4.What is the effect of the parallel between lines one and two of the poem?And what feeling and meaning does the poem express to you?Passage 2It was late and everyone had left the caféexcept an old man who sat in the shadowthe leaves of the tree made against the electric light.In the daytime the street was dusty,but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference.Questions:1.This part is from the novel ,writtenby.2.Why does the old man get drunk every night and why did he commit suicide?3.What does the young waiter think of the old man and how does he treat him?VI.Discuss the difference between Henry James’s realism and Mark Twain’s realism.(20%)VII.Analyze Robert Frost’s lyrical poem “The Road Not Taken”(15%)《美国文学史及选读》期末考试试卷（A 卷）答案I．Write the names of the authors.(1*10=10%)1.Henry David Thoreau2.Stephen Crane3.Ernest Hemingway4.Jack London5.Washington Irving得分得分6.Ezra Pound7.Robert Frost8.Benjamin Franklin9.Walt Whitman10.Nathaniel HawthorneII.Fill in the following blanks.(2*5=10%)1.John Smith2.Thomas Paine3.“founding fathers”4.Gothic Fiction5.Emily DickensonⅢ.Choose only one answer form the four choices as the most appropriate answer.(1*15=15%)1B2C3B4A5A6C7A8D9D10C11B12A13C14D15AIV.Decide whether the statements are true or false.(1*10=10%)1T2T3F4T5T6T7F8T9F10TV.Identify the following fragments and then answer questions.(20%)Passage11.Ezra Pound(1)2.In A Station of the Metro(1)3.Answer should comment on the parallel between the“modern”imagery(description of urbancrowds and transportation,loneliness)of the first line and the traditional“Oriental”imagery(budding flowers on a tree,wetness)of the second line.(4)4.What is the effect of the parallel between lines one and two of the poem?Describe thestylistic result of the parallel and the feelings it evokes(4)Passage21.This part if from the short story“A Clean Well Light Room”written by Ernest Hemingway.(2)2.Describe the old man’s character and relate it to the nihilist philosophy expressed inthe story.(3)3.What does the young waiter think of the old man(and why)and how does he treat him?Describethe young man’s character,his lack of understanding of the old man and the significance of how he treats the old man as described in the story.(5)VI.Discuss the difference between Henry James’s realism and Mark Twain’s realism.(20%)∙Although Henry James and Mark Twain both worked for realism,there were obvious differences between them.In thematic terms,James wrote mostly of the upper reaches of American society,whereas Mark Twain dealt largely with the lower strata of society.（4’）Technically,James pursued the Psychological realism,but Mark Twain’s contribution to the development of realism and to American literature as a whole was partly through his colloquial style.（4’）∙Henry James believed that reality lies in the impressions made by life on the spectator, and not in any facts of which the spectator is unaware.Such realism is therefore merely the obligation that the artist assumes to represent life as he sees it,which may not be the same life as it“really”is.James shifted the ground of realistic art from the outer to the inner world.（6’）∙Mark Twain preferred to represent social life through portraits of local places that he knew best.He drew heavily from his own rich fund of knowledge of people and places.He confined himself to the life with which he was familiar.By quoting from his own experience, Mark Twain managed to transform art into the freedom and humor,in short,the finest elements of western culture.（6’）VII.Write about120words to comment on Ezra Pound’s contribution to American Poetry of twenty century.(15%)∙Answer should mention his being an American poet writing from Europe and contacting American poets and discuss his role in the imagist movement,as a translator and hissupport(editing,assuring publication)of American writers.。
美国文学ppt课件
histories, travel accounts, diaries,
biographies, letters, autobiographies, sermons,
and poems.
Wor
5
Major writers:
Captain John Smith （约翰·史密斯）
? the first American
? The “newness” of Americans as a nation is in connection with American Romanticism.
? As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticism was both imitative and independent
Politics dominated the revolutionary phase of American writing.
The crisis in American life carried by the Revolution made
artists self-conscious about American subjects.
?“Poet of the American
Revolution”
?“Father of American
Poetry”
?“Pioneer of the New
Romanticism”
?“A gifted and versatile lyric
Wor
poet”
? “The Rising Glory of America” (1772)
美国文学史第13部分
Social Background of This Period： When World War Ⅱstarted in Europe in 1939, people felt that America should worry about its own problems and forget the rest of the world. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor changed all that. By 1945, America was a world power with huge international responsibilities. This made Americans both proud and extremely uncomfortable. After the war, America entered an Age of Anxiety. The politics of America were influenced by two great fears. First, there was the fear of the Bomb; many Americans were sure there would be a war with the Soviet Union using atomic bombs. Also, in the late forties and early fifties, fear of Communism became a national sickness. American authors in the fifties show that they are very uncomfortable in the post-war world. The new political fears are less important to them than their own psychological problems in the new American society. It is not a period of important experiments in style. Rather, the most interesting authors are developing new and important themes. Many black American and Jewish-American writers try to express their opions by looking at their own cultural and racial backgrounds. Others explore the ideas of modern philosophy and psychology. The new writers of the South, however, seem s little less modern. In their work, we still feel the sad, heavy weight of the past. The central theme of their work, however, is often loneliness and the search for the self. This makes their work deeply interesting to modern readers everywhere.
美国文学选读课件
American Natrualism
Applied scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to the study of human beings. Influenced by Darwinism (natural selection) and psychology (Freud) Posited that men were governed by heredity（遗传） and environment. Often depict man in conflict with nature, society, or himself. Prominent from 1880-1920(ish) Naturalism, together with realism, regionalism, is a truly American mode of writing.
Two Poems to facilitate our thinking
"When I was one-and-twenty..." by A. E. Housman (1859-1936)
When I was one-and-twenty I heard a wise man say, 'Give crowns and pounds and guineas But not your heart away; Give pearls away and rubies But keep your fancy free.' But I was one-and-twenty, No use to talk to me.
美国现代时期课件
（英P552，中P339）
13. There are shifts in perspective, voice, and tone, but the biggest shift is from the external to internal, from the public to the private, from the chronological to the psychic, from the objective description to the subjective projection.作品在现实、语气 上较前有变化，其中最大的变化是从描写外部世 界转到内部世界，从公众生活转到私生活描写， 从时间线索转到以心理感觉为线索，从客观描述 转到主观渲染。
（英P551，中P339）
10. American fiction in the 1960s and 1970s is always refered to as "new fiction", with Kurt Vonnegut, Joseph Heller, John Bath, and Thomas Pynchon at its forefront. 60-70年代的美国小说被成 为“新小说”。其先锋人物是弗尼格特，海勒， 巴斯，品钦。
（英P552，中P339）
11. In general terms, much serious literature written from 1912 onwards attempted to convey a vision of social breakdown and moral decay and the writer’s task was to develop techniques that could represent a break with the past. Thus, the defining formal characteristics of the modernistic works are discontinuity and fragmentation.总之，1912 年以后许多严 肃文学都力图表达社会崩溃，道德沦丧的观点， 作家也使用新技巧，告别老传统。美国现代文学 作品的特点可以说是反传统，求创新。
美国文学课件 10
5)
6)
7)
Sinclair Lewis was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize for Main Street and Babbitt, and won the award for Arrowsmith (although he turned it down). Arrowsmith (1925) satirizes the medical profession. Elmer Gantry (1927) attacks hypocritical religious revivalism. Dodsworth (1929), a more mellow work, is a sympathetic picture of a wealthy American businessman in Europe; it was successfully dramatized by Lewis and Sidney Howard in 1934. During his lifetime he published 22 novels, and it is generally agreed that his later novels are far less successful than his early fiction. Among his later works are It Can’t Happen Here (1935), Cass Timberlane (1945), Kingsblood Royal (1947), and World So Wide (1951). From 1928 to 1942 Lewis was married to Dorothy Thompson (1894–1961), a distinguished newspaperwoman and foreign correspondent. He died in Rome in 1951.
第五讲American_modernism资料
2. The differences between realism and modernism
Function of Literature
Subject
Conception of Time &Space Forms and Techniques Tone
Realism
Modernism
Educate People and Criticize SociFra bibliotekl Evils
Pleasure seeking: challenge the tradition, extravagant(奢侈的)parties, Jazz music, heavy drinking and smoking, fast racing cars .
Spiritual sterility: mentally barren(荒原): spiritual disorientation（迷惑） and moral decay.
现代主义文学
现代主义文学是西方现代工业社会的产物，是动荡 不安的20世纪欧美社会之时代精神的艺术表述。现 代主义文学深受康德、尼采、弗洛伊德、荣格等人 的哲学、心理学理论的影响。
现代主义在思想内容方面的最大特征四种异化 （alienation）:人与自然（包括大自然、人性和物质 世界）人与社会、人与人、和人与自我4种关系上表 现出来的尖锐矛盾和畸形脱节，以及由之产生的精 神创伤和变态心理，悲观绝望的情绪和虚无主义的 思想。
Socially, social chaos, disordered and turbulent, unease and restlessness underneath .
Spiritually and morally, hedonism(享乐主义) spiritual waste and moral decay.
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“A Poem should not mean but be”
----the definition of the modernist aesthetic of American poetry
Modernist poetry is generally considered to have emerged in the early years of the 20th century with the appearance of the Imagists. In common with many other modernists, these poets wrote in reaction to the perceived excesses of Victorian poetry, with its emphasis on traditional formalism and ornate diction.
William Carlos Williams
William Carlos Williams, a poet who had an immense influence on the course of 20th century poetry. He wrote in varying style and technique and was often radically experimental. His work is fresh and clear, rejecting sentimentality and vagueness. It also reflects emotional restraint and heightens the sensory experience with articulated common speech. Williams's work inspired many poets and many generations to follow. His work is both easy and enjoyable to read.
In general, modernists saw themselves as looking back to the best practices of poets in earlier periods and other cultures. Their models included ancient Greek literature, Chinese and Japanese poetry, Dante and the English Metaphysical poets. Much of early modernist poetry took the form of short, compact lyrics. As it developed, however, longer poems came to the fore.
The roots of English-language poetic modernism can be traced back to the works of a number of earlier writers, including Walt Whitman, whose long lines approached a type of free verse, Emily Dickinson's compression and the writings of the early English SymboliThe Waste Land" as example of a Modernist Text
"The Waste Land" as example of a
Modernist Text
T. S. Eliot's "The Waste Land" is a foundational text of modernism, representing the moment at which imagism moves into modernism proper. Broken, fragmented and seemingly unrelated slices of imagery come together to form a disjunctive anti-narrative. The motif of sight and vision is as central to the poem as it is to modernism. The reader is thrown into confusion, unable to see anything but a heap of broken images. The narrator, however (in "The Waste Land" as in other texts), promises to show the reader a different meaning: that is, how to make meaning from dislocation and fragmentation. This construction of an exclusive meaning is essential to modernism.
William Carlos Williams
The Red Wheelbarrow so much depends
upon
a red wheel barrow
glazed with rain water
beside the white chickens.
The Red Wheelbarrow is a poem by and often considered the masterwork of American 20th-century writer William Carlos Williams. The 1923 poem exemplifies the Imagistinfluenced philosophy of “no ideas but in things”. This provides another layer of meaning beneath the surface reading. The style of the poem forgoes traditional British stress patterns to create a typical “American” image.