笔记当中的缩写和符号
道法做笔记小技巧
道法做笔记小技巧1. 使用缩写和符号：使用缩写和特定符号能够帮助你更快地记录关键信息。
例如，"w/"代表“with”，"+"代表“and”，"#”代表“number”等等。
另外，你可以使用不同的符号来表示不同的事物，比如圆圈代表重要，箭头代表联系等等。
2. 使用颜色：给不同的主题或重点使用不同的颜色标记，这将帮助你更好地区分信息并更容易记忆。
3. 使用标题和子标题：使用标题和子标题来组织你的笔记，这可以让你更容易找到特定的信息，并且能够更清晰地表达概念和关系。
4. 使用图表和图像：如果有一些复杂的概念，你可以使用图表、图像或示意图来更好地说明。
这些视觉元素能够帮助你更好地理解和记忆信息。
5. 使用关键词和关键句：在写笔记时，不需要详细记录所有的内容，而是着重记录关键词和关键句。
这样能够更快地回想起相关信息。
6. 使用箭头和连线：使用箭头和连线来表示不同的联系和关系，比如因果关系、相对关系等等。
这将有助于你更好地理解和记忆信息。
7. 添加个人的补充和感想：在笔记中添加一些个人的补充和感想能够帮助你更好地理解和记忆信息。
这些个人的注释将帮助你加强对笔记的理解和连接。
8. 定期回顾和整理笔记：频繁地回顾和整理你的笔记将有助于你更好地巩固和加深对信息的理解和记忆。
定期复习和重新整理笔记将帮助你更好地掌握和应用所学知识。
9. 使用缩略语技巧：使用缩略词和缩写能够帮助你更快地速记笔记。
你可以创建自己的缩略词系统，或使用常见的缩写词来加快速记速度。
10. 使用模板和结构化格式：使用预先设计好的模板或结构化的格式来记录笔记，这将帮助你更快地整理和回顾信息。
你可以为不同的主题或学科设定不同的模板，以适应不同的需求。
笔记 口译常用缩写
(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations)1．常用笔记符号：符号信息意义箭头符号↑上升；提高；增强；上涨；增长；扩大；起飞；升空；提拔；晋升（grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , ascend, launch, skyrocket[使...上升], soar, appreciation[增值], promote[促进], upwards）↓下降；下沉；降低；滑坡；轰炸；减少；恶化；降职；削减/裁减（drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deteriorate, depreciation[贬值], reduce, downwards）↗上扬；渐渐好转（become better and better）↘下挫；不断亏损（become worse and worse）→出口；去；向前；出国；前往；运往；导致；发展成为… （export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cause）←回顾；从前；进口；倒退；来自；源于（come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from）例如：café ← French意为: café源自于法语数学符号+ 增加；补充；除此之外另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc)—减少；删除；缺乏（minus, lack）×表示“不对的，错的，坏的，不好的，臭名昭著的”（incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious）> 超过，大于，胜过，优于（more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to）< 小于，不足，次于，逊色（fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to）= 等于符号（equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”（equal to, the same as)，另外可以表示“是…的对手“（a ri-val, a competitor)等意思。
笔记符号和缩写汇总[整理版]
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笔记符号和缩写汇总Symbols1. 字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如：日本人：J Z.C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government. governmental official 可以表示为C ZP 表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political.那么politician 就可以表示为P Z∑表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, etc. ∑数学符号表示总值。
G 表示效率：efficient, effective. G为效率符号。
Q 表示"通货膨胀"：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业：business.C×表示冲突，矛盾：conflict，confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和confrontation.W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。
它是work的第一个字母。
所以W Z就可以用来表示worker, 而W（Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee）。
i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。
笔记常用符号及缩略语
一、常用符号（一）数学符号+表示“加上”、“另外”、“除此之外”or “多”（plus, and, in addition to 或者many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.）++(+2) 表示“多”的比较级：more+3 表示“多”的最高级：most－表示“减去”or “缺乏/少”（minus, lack, in short of/ in shortage of etc或者little, few）×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念（wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.）√表示“对的”、“好的”、“积极的”（correct, good, positive, affirmative）> 表示“多于”或者“超过”（bigger/larger/greate r/more than/better than, surpass, superior to, etc.）< 表示“少于”或者“不如”、“逊色”（less/smaller/fewer than, worse than, inferior to, etc.）≥表示“大于或等于”、“不少于”（more than or equal to, no less than）≤表示“小于或等于”、“不多于”（less than or equal to, no more than）= 表示“同等”、“相当于”(means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.)也表示“对手”概念(a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.)≠表示“不同”概念(be different from, etc. )表示“无敌”概念(matchless, peerless, etc.)≈表示“大约”概念(about/around，approximately, or so，etc.) Є表示“属于”（belong to）( ) 表示“在......之间”(among, within, etc. )( 和)都可以表示并列/ 表示“否定”，“消除”等概念(cross out, eliminate, etc.)∵“由于”、“因为”、“幸亏”（because, due to, thanks to, as, owing to）∴“所以”、“因此”、“结果是”（so, therefore, as a result, consequently）⊥表示“在……基础上”（based on）,或者“影响”、“效果”、“压力”“负担”（influence, effect,impact, pressure, stress, burden, load）E 数学符号表示总值（total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. ）（二）标点符号: 表示各种各样“说”或“想”的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, express, think, etc.表示“问题”或“疑问”：question，issue，doubt例如：台湾问题：tw? 也可表示“问”（ask）·(dot) 这个“·”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样“·d”表示yesterday, “·y”表示last year, “·2m”表示two months ago。
笔记中英语缩写
一、缩写词：Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.1．Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is usedagain. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against= therefore= = is or equal2. Use technical symbols where applicable. zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of theword, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviatedword by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples: decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <---> resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than >especially esp.（编辑：）参考/waiyu/2008/1208/a rticle_75680.html一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
口译笔记的符号和缩略语
一、口译笔记的符号系统和缩略语语言是一个符号系统（包括文字符号）。
用各种符号作记录，概括性强、重点突出、一目了然。
学习一些常规口译笔记中经常使用的符号与缩写词是很有好处的。
在此基础上，每个人也可以形成一套自己常用的、熟悉的、有效的笔记系统。
下面归纳几种相对固定的符号和简写形式，供大家在练习和实践中参考。
（一）箭头“→”表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to, etc. 导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.“←”表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc. 追溯到：come/go back to，originate in, etc.“↑”表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc. 发射、起飞、升空：launch，ascend, skyrocket, etc.发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen， promote, etc.“↓”表示向下、下降：down/downward/drop, decrease, jump, etc. 减少、恶化：reduce, deteriorate, go down, etc.（二) 数学符号“+”表示和、还有、另外、加上、多：and, in addition to, furthermore, many, lots of, etc.“－”表示减少、除去、少：minus, lack, in short of, little, few, etc.“×”表示错误、没有、反对、冲突：wrong, something bad, negative, conflict, confrontation, etc.“＞”表示大于、超过、多于：greater, larger or more than, better than, surpass, more and more, etc.“<”表示小于、不如、次于、比不上：smaller than, fewer/less than, worse than, inferior to, etc.“=”表示等于、相当于、一样：the same as，that is to say， in other words，be equal to, etc. 对手：match/rival/competitor, counterpart.“≠”表示不等于、不同：not equal to, be different from, etc.“≈”表示大约、左右：about/around，or so， approximately, etc.“∵”表示由于、因为：because, as, due to, thanks to, owing to, etc.“∴”表示所以、因此、因而、结果：so, therefore, as a result, consequently, etc.（三) 标点符号“：”表示说：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc. 意见、观点、主意：opinion, idea, viewpoint, etc.“?”表示问题：question，issue，problem, etc.“．”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样：“．d”表示yesterday，“．y"表示last year，“．2m”表示two months ago，“y”表示this year，“y2．”表示 two years later/in two years，“next week”，可以表示为“wk．”“（）”表示在……之间：among, within, etc.（四) 其它符号“√”表示好：right/good，famous/well-known，etc. 同意：stand up for，support， agree with somebody, certain/ affirmative, etc.“& ”表示和、与：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，etc.“☆”表示重要的、杰出的、优秀的、榜样：important， best，outstanding，brilliant，model, etc.“∥”表示结束：end，stop，halt，bring something to a standstill/stop, etc.“°”表示人、者：person, people, 如经济学家可以表示为“经°”，中国人可以表示为“中°”，etc.“⊙”表示会议、讨论、谈判：meeting, seminar, discussion, negotiation, etc.“♂”表示男人：man, male, boy, etc.“♀”表示女人：woman, female, girl, etc.“□”表示国家：country, state, nation, etc.“△”表示代表：represent, on behalf of, etc.“∽”表示交流、交换、替代、相互：exchange, mutual, each other, communication, replace, etc.（五) 缩略词英语缩写词的写法一般有以下几种：●拿掉所有元音。
笔记术(1)使用缩写和符号提高记笔记的速度
笔记术（1）使用缩写和符号提高记笔记的速度有很多读者对笔记术有兴趣，这方面研究了很长时间，有些心得跟大家分享一下。
今天从符号开始分享，这篇以前在Blog上分享过，如果你没有看过，值得学习一下：摘录：《經理人月刊.NO.63期.一次學會,筆記的技術》通用符号你可以学习使用以下这些符号，来代替那些需要记录的文字。
有趣的是，其中一些符号经常在数学中被运用。
＝等于（equal) e.g．举例（for example)≈大约（about) i.e．即是（that is)→结果（result) esp．尤其（especially)←原因（reason) p.s．附注（Postscript)↑增加（increase) ef 比较（compare)↓减少（reduce) NB 注意（NoteBene)＋加、并且（plus) ＆和（and)＊重点（keypoint) Q 问题（question)＞大于（more) A 答案（answer)＜小于（less) etc．等等（etcetera)△变成（become) pf 证明（proof)…因为（because) w/o 没有（without)…所以（therefore) VS．对抗（versus)~大概（approximately)(注：因为和所以的符号没有找到，是按三角方式的三个点，一个向上，一个向下)符号的使用规则1、抓取数字和名祠，将长句子化为关键字粗合只要一眼就能看出内容是什么，就是一篇合格的笔记。
《超有效备忘录》作者大腾文仁建议，记录时可尽量省去不必要的文字，抓取[数字]和「名祠]做重点·有效地简化笔记。
例如·[明天从东京车站搭上午6点的新干线xx号班车出差到大阪，预计抵达时间为早上9点，多数人应该只会记下r东京车站／6:00]，其于资讯都可省略，也不妨妨碍理解。
2、将资讯符号化，便于速记做笔记时，很多人都会使用一些简略符号，以加快书写速度，例如F＝傅真，M ＝手机，T=电话,会=会议，访＝拜访，★＝重要事情，？＝未确定事项，※=注意事项等等。
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笔记符号汇总
目录[1].Note-taking symbols and abbreviations[2].关于缩略词[3].关于字母和图像[4].用箭头、数字符号、标点符号来表示1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cp = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels; retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
笔记速记符号归总(精华)
1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
笔记符号参考
一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible.很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP（T）ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO Memorandum MGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG Message NCRY Necessary NLT No later than OBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS（BL）Possible PROD Product QLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF Reference REGL RegularREP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON Responsible SEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL Telephone TEMP Temporary TGM Telegraph THO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large二、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
笔记常用符号及缩略语
一、常用符号（一）数学符号+表示“加上”、“另外”、“除此之外”or “多”（plus, and, in addition to 或者many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.）++(+2) 表示“多”的比较级：more+3 表示“多”的最高级：most－表示“减去”or “缺乏/少”（minus, lack, in short of/ in shortage of etc或者little, few）×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念（wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.）√表示“对的”、“好的”、“积极的”（correct, good, positive, affirmative）> 表示“多于”或者“超过”（bigger/larger/greate r/more than/better than, surpass, superior to, etc.）< 表示“少于”或者“不如”、“逊色”（less/smaller/fewer than, worse than, inferior to, etc.）≥表示“大于或等于”、“不少于”（more than or equal to, no less than）≤表示“小于或等于”、“不多于”（less than or equal to, no more than）= 表示“同等”、“相当于”(means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.)也表示“对手”概念(a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.)≠表示“不同”概念(be different from, etc. )表示“无敌”概念(matchless, peerless, etc.)≈表示“大约”概念(about/around，approximately, or so，etc.) Є表示“属于”（belong to）( ) 表示“在......之间”(among, within, etc. )( 和)都可以表示并列/ 表示“否定”，“消除”等概念(cross out, eliminate, etc.)∵“由于”、“因为”、“幸亏”（because, due to, thanks to, as, owing to）∴“所以”、“因此”、“结果是”（so, therefore, as a result, consequently）⊥表示“在……基础上”（based on）,或者“影响”、“效果”、“压力”“负担”（influence, effect,impact, pressure, stress, burden, load）E 数学符号表示总值（total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. ）（二）标点符号: 表示各种各样“说”或“想”的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, express, think, etc.表示“问题”或“疑问”：question，issue，doubt例如：台湾问题：tw? 也可表示“问”（ask）·(dot) 这个“·”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样“·d”表示yesterday, “·y”表示last year, “·2m”表示two months ago。
笔记整理常用符号及缩略语
一、常用符号（一）数学符号+表示“加上”、“另外”、“除此之外”or “多”（plus, and, in addition to 或者many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.）++(+2) 表示“多”的比较级：more+3 表示“多”的最高级：most－表示“减去”or “缺乏/少”（minus, lack, in short of/ in shortage of etc或者little, few）×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念（wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.）√表示“对的”、“好的”、“积极的”（correct, good, positive, affirmative）> 表示“多于”或者“超过”（bigger/larger/greate r/more than/better than, surpass, superior to, etc.）< 表示“少于”或者“不如”、“逊色”（less/smaller/fewer than, worse than, inferior to, etc.）≥表示“大于或等于”、“不少于”（more than or equal to, no less than）≤表示“小于或等于”、“不多于”（less thanor equal to, no more than）= 表示“同等”、“相当于”(means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.)也表示“对手”概念(a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.)≠表示“不同”概念(be different from, etc. )表示“无敌”概念(matchless, peerless, etc.)≈表示“大约”概念(about/around，approximately, or so，etc.)Є表示“属于”（belong to）( ) 表示“在......之间”(among, within, etc. )( 和)都可以表示并列/ 表示“否定”，“消除”等概念(cross out, eliminate, etc.)∵“由于”、“因为”、“幸亏”（because, due to, thanks to, as, owing to）∴“所以”、“因此”、“结果是”（so, therefore, as a result, consequently）⊥表示“在……基础上”（based on）,或者“影响”、“效果”、“压力”“负担”（influence, effect, impact, pressure, stress, burden, load）E 数学符号表示总值（total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. ）（二）标点符号: 表示各种各样“说”或“想”的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, express, think, etc.表示“问题”或“疑问”：question，issue，doubt例如：台湾问题：tw? 也可表示“问”（ask）·(dot) 这个“·”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样“·d”表示yesterday, “·y”表示last year, “·2m”表示two months ago。
笔记中英文简写
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
cont. = continent; continued corp = corporation cust = customer; custom; customs Dec = December Dec = December dec = deceased; declaration def = defender; defense deg = degree dep = deposit DEPT = department disc = discount dist = distance; distinguish div = divide; divorced do. = ditto (同上）
• Which (c what (t was (s whom (m will (l when (n can kn go g
has hs had hd have hv she )e shall )l most mmy m. new nw
• some sm any an could kd first /thing -, well (el think -nk say sa do d next nx lie l. until tl time t.m cannot knt send s+ more mo very vr easy ez
• • • • • • • • • •
clk = clerk cml = commercial co. = company c/o = care of(转交) col = college; color com = commentary; common; communication; community comm = commission comp = complete; computer; competition con = conclusion; against cond = condition
做笔记常用项目符号
有关“做笔记”常用的项目符号
有关“做笔记”常用的项目符号如下：
1.“√”，表示需要注意的内容，可以使用这个标记来表示需要关注的信息。
2.“Ω”，表示重要的内容，可以用这个符号来标记重要的观点或信息。
3.“≤”，表示不等于，可以用这个符号来表示两个概念或事物之间的差异。
4.“≠”，表示不等于，可以用这个符号来表示两个概念或事物之间的差异。
5.“±”，表示正负号，可以用这个符号来表示数值的正负变化。
6.“≈”，表示近似符号，可以用这个符号来表示两个数值之间的近似关系。
7.“∞”，表示无穷大或无穷小，可以用这个符号来表示无穷的概念。
8.“∝”，表示正比或反比，可以用这个符号来表示两个量之间的比例关系。
9.“≅”，表示相似或全等，可以用这个符号来表示两个图形之间的相似或全等关系。
10.“≥”，表示大于或等于，可以用这个符号来表示数值或数量之间的关系。
口译笔记速记符号汇总及简写规则(免费)
口译笔记速记符号汇总及简写规则目录[1].Note-taking symbols and abbreviations[2].关于缩略词[3].关于字母和图像[4].用箭头、数字符号、标点符号来表示1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. Y ou may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
口译常用的笔记符号汇总
口译常用的笔记符号汇总一、前言口译笔记是一种有效的辅助工具，能够帮助译员记录关键信息，提高翻译的准确性和效率。
正确的笔记可以帮助译员在紧张的口译环境中保持清晰思维，避免因遗忘或疏忽而造成的错误。
本篇文档旨在汇总口译过程中常用的笔记符号，以便译员在实践中参考和使用。
二、笔记符号说明1.缩写词：用字母、数字等简洁形式记录单词或短语，如“u”代表“under”，“m”代表“meeting”。
2.符号：用各种符号记录概念、观点、人名等，如“△”代表“注意”，“☆”代表“重要”。
3.符号组合：将多个符号组合使用，表达更复杂的含义，如“⊙”+“b”+“√”代表“乙方已确认”。
4.线条：用线条记录时间和空间信息，如“↑”代表时间推进，“●”代表地点。
5.特殊符号：用特殊符号记录特殊概念或情况，如“*”代表突发情况，“#”代表需要特别关注的人或事。
6.标注：在单词、短语或句子旁边添加注释，如“注意语法”、“需要核实信息”。
三、笔记符号分类1.词汇类：包括名词、动词、形容词、副词等基本词汇的记录，如“公司”、“讨论”、“热情”、“快速”。
2.句式类：包括常用句型、表达方式、习惯用语的记录，如“如果…就…”，“预期效果是…”。
3.人名地名类：包括人名、地名等专有名词的记录，如“张三”、“北京”、“上海”。
4.特殊符号类：包括数字、货币、度量衡等特殊概念的记录，如“100元”，“50公斤”。
5.时间空间类：包括时间、日期、星期、月份、季节、天气等空间信息的记录，如“今天星期四”，“会议在会议室进行”。
四、常见笔记符号示例1.缩写词示例：“d=day，n=night，e=email”2.符号示例：“▲=减慢速度，●=暂停”，“※=重要信息”，“＄=货币符号”，“※＋手＋√=手记确认”3.符号组合示例：“※＋笔＋√=需要记录的信息”，“●＋椅子＋√=休息地点”4.标注示例：“√=已同意”，“?=需要进一步确认”，“↑=增加音量”，“↓=降低音量”5.时间空间示例：“↑9:00”，“↓会议室”，“＃主席台”五、总结口译过程中，正确的笔记可以帮助译员快速记录关键信息，提高翻译效率。
学生 笔记 记号
学生笔记记号
学生笔记记号是指在课堂或自学过程中，学生用来标记、强调或说明某些重要内容的一种标记方式。
这些记号可以帮助学生更好地理解、记忆和应用所学知识。
常见的笔记记号包括：
1. 划重点：用横线、波浪线或双横线划出重要的句子或段落。
2. 圈出关键词：用圆圈圈出文中的关键词或术语。
3. 使用缩写：为了节省空间或时间，可以使用常见词汇的缩写。
4. 使用符号：例如，用“>”表示“大于”，“<”表示“小于”，用“∵”表示“因为”，“∴”表示“所以”等。
5. 使用不同颜色的笔迹：例如，红色可能表示重点，蓝色可能表示次重点，绿色可能表示自己的想法或备注。
6. 编号和列表：用于列举要点或步骤。
7. 使用贴纸或便签纸：可以将一些额外信息写在便签纸上，然后贴在笔记的相应位置。
8. 注释和解释：在旁边空白处写上自己的解释、感想或疑问。
9. 画图和图表：用于解释复杂的概念或过程，例如流程图、概念图等。
10. 使用书签和标签：用于标记页面，以便快速查找。
如何选择和使用这些记号主要取决于个人的学习习惯和偏好。
重要的是保持笔记整洁、有序，并确保自己能够理解所做的标记和备注。
专四听写笔记常用符号和缩略语
笔记常用符号和缩略语(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations)1．常用笔记符号：符号信息意义箭头符号↑ 上升；提高；增强；上涨；增长；扩大；起飞；升空；提拔；晋升（grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation,promote, upwards）↓ 下降；下沉；降低；滑坡；轰炸；减少；恶化；降职；削减/裁减（drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deteriorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards）↗上扬；渐渐好转（become better and better）↘下挫；不断亏损（become worse and worse）→ 出口；去；向前；出国；前往；运往；导致；发展成为… （export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cause）← 回顾；从前；进口；倒退；来自；源于（come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from）例如：café ← French意为: café源自于法语数学符号+ 增加；补充；除此之外；另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc) —减少；删除；缺乏（minus, lack, deduct, except, subtract）×表示“不对的，错的，坏的，不好的，臭名昭著的”（mistake, incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious）> 超过，大于，胜过，优于（more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to）＞＞大大超过(much greater than, much more than)< 小于，不足，次于，逊色（fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to）＜＜远远少于(much less than)= 等于符号（equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”（equal to, the same as)，另外可以表示“是…的对手“（a rival, a competitor)等意思。
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一、缩略词
英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：
1.拿掉所有元音
MKT: market
MGR: manager
MSG: message
STD: standard
RCV: receive
2.保留前几个字母
INFO information
INS insurance
EXCH exchange
I owe you IOU
In stead of I/O
3.保留开头和结尾的发音字母
WK week
RM room
PL people
4.根据发音
R are
THO though
THRU through
高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表
缩略词原词
APT Apartment
ACC Accountant
ACDG According
ACPT Accept
AD Advertisement
ADS Address
二、字母、图像
Z 表示“人” people/person，因为Z 看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如：日本人：JZ。
C 表示政府，统治：government，govern，希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。
governmental official 可以表示为CZ。
P 表示政治：politics, political，希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。
那么politician 就可以表示为PZ。
E 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E在数学符号中表示总值。
G 表示效率：efficient, effective。
G为效率符号。
Q 表示“通货膨胀”：inflation，因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture，经常用到，所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业：business。
C×表示**，矛盾：conflict，confrontation，“C×”中的“×”表示反对。
W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。
它是work的第一个字母。
所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。
i 表示工业: industry, industrial，字母i像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。
U U酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示“举杯祝贺”。
如果在U内填入2××××，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的），填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。
在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。
如果在U上加一个/××××表示谈判破裂。
O 表示“国家”、“民族”、“领土”等：country, state, nation, etc.gO表示进口，Og表示出口。
这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办：chair, host, preside over。
那么在此符号上加Z表示主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc.
T 表示“领导人”：leader, head，那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为CT ⊙圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，conference，negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposium。
k 这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示“捕鱼业”等和fishery有关的词汇。
O 圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.
J 表示开心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.
L 表示不满、生气：unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.
EO 表示听到、众所周知：as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.
O 表示漠不关心、无动于衷：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don"t care much, etc.
三、数学符号
+ 表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.
++(+2) 表示“多”的比较级：more
+3 表示“多”的最高级：most
－表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.
×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.
>表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.
表示“高”概念：superior to，surpass, etc.
表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc.
= 表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.
表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.
( ) 表示“在……之间”：among, within, etc.
≠ 表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc.
表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc.
~ 表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so，approximately, etc.
/ 表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.
= 表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.
表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.
( ) 表示“在……之间”：among, within, etc.
≠ 表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc.
表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc.
~ 表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so，approximately, etc.
/ 表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.
四、标点
: 表示各种各样“说”的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.
表示“问题”：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?
. (dot) 这个“.”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样。
“.d”表示yesterday, “.y”表示last year, “.2m”表示two month ago。
“y”表示this year, “y2.” two year later，“next week”, 可以表示为”wk.”。
∧表示转折
√ 表示“好的”状态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.
表示“同意”状态，stand up for，support，agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.
☆表示“重要的”状态：important，exemplary（模范的）best，outstanding，brilliant，etc. n 表示“交流”状态：exchange，mutual, etc.
&表示“和”，“与”：and，together with，along with，accompany，along with，further more，etc.
∥表示“结束”：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.
五、较长单词的处理办法
-ism 简写为m 例如：socialism Sm
-tion 简写为n 例如：standardization (标准化) stdn
-cian 简写为o 例如：technician techo
-ing 简写为g 例如：marketing (市场营销) MKTg。