(英语)英语被动语态易错剖析及解析

【点睛】
could have done可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句。用于肯定句既可以表示过去能够做而实际未做，有惋惜、遗憾或委婉批评之意，通常译为“本来可以”“本来能”，也可以表示对过去动作的推测，常可译为“可能（已经)”。本句表达金庸本能获得诺贝尔文学奖，但却没有获得的惋惜。故A选项正确。
4．To my ________，he was not a little ________ at the news that he had won the first prize in the English speech contest, for he thought that he didn't perform so well.
（英语）英语被动语态易错剖析及解析
一、单项选择被动语态
1．—I wonder why Robert hasn’t shown up at the interview yet. It’s a pity if he missed
—I’m not sure, but he _______ in a traffic jam riding here.
3．Louis Cha (金庸) passed away. As for his achievement, there is such a comment, “He ______ the Nobel Prize for Literature with his written works translated into English.”
A．astonishment；astonishing
B．astonished；astonishing
C．astonishment；astonished
D．astonish；astonishment
【答案】C
【解析】
考查astonish相关短语的用法。使我惊讶的是,他对这个消息并不感到惊讶.to one's astonishment“使某人感到惊讶的是”；be astonished at sth.“对某事感到惊讶”。故选C.
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在这个地区大量的土壤被冲走了，结果导致自然灾害数量增加。句中soil和wash away是被动关系，此处指土壤已经被冲走并对现在造成影响，故要用现在完成时，要用现在完成时的被动语态，故选D。
16．— Did he decide to take part in the competition?
10．----Have you telephoned your father?
--- Yes, heback next week.
A．is expectedB．expects
C．will exp来自百度文库ctD．will be expected
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：--你给你的父亲打电话了吗?—是的，他有望明年回来。这里sb be expected to do现在现在盼望明年回来，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，这里he应指的是父亲。根据句意故选A。
A．is holding B．has held
C．is held D．will be held
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：皮特正在帮着在大厅里放桌子，约翰的生日晚会将在这里举行。根据前面语境正在放桌子，可知现在party还没举行，马上将要举行，“生日晚会”与“举行”之间是被动关系，故选D。
A．could stuckB．should stuck
C．must have stuckD．might have been stuck
【答案】D
【解析】
考查含情态动词的被动语态。上句：我想知道为什么罗伯特面试还没有出现。如果他错过了很可惜。下句：我不确定，但是他可能被困于交通堵塞。此处表示对过去已经发生事情的推测应该用情态动词的完成式，根据句意可知是被动，故答案为D。
17．--- Why don't we choose that road to save time?
--- The bridge to it.
A．has repairedB．is repaired
C．is being repairedD．will be repaired
【答案】C
【解析】
考查时态和语态。句意为：——我们为什么不选那条路以节省时间呢？——通往那条路的桥正在维修。桥正在被维修，故用现在进行时的被动语态。
5．No decision__A_about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.
A．will be madeB．is made
C．is being madeD．has been made
【答案】A
【答案】D
【解析】
考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。
8．Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _______ properly in this hospital.
A．can be the patients treated
B．the patients can be treated
C．can the patients be treated
13．Chinese kites in ancient times ________ in the shape of birds.
A．design B．had designed
C．were designed D．have been designed
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在古代中国的风筝被设计成鸟的形状。根据in ancient times可知，句子用一般过去时态，根据动词与主语是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。
考点：考查动词时态及语态的用法。
11．This is one of the best films _______.
A．that have been shown this yearB．that have shown
C．that has been shown this yearD．that you talked
15．Quantities of soil ________ in the area, resulting in the increasing number of natural disasters.
A．is washed away B．have washed away
C．have washed away D．have been washed away
A．cleans B．cleaned
C．is cleaned D．is cleaning
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和被动语态。句意：教室每天都由学生打扫。句子主语The classroom，单数第三人称形式，与谓语动词clean之间是被动关系，再结合every day，可知句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，故选C。
6．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ in the mountains for two days.
A．are trapping B．have been trapped
C．were trapping D．had been trapped
— Yes, of course. He _____ to.
A．has been encouraging B．had been encouraged
C．has been encouraged D．was to be encouraged
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——他决定参加比赛吗？——是的，当然。他已经被鼓励参加比赛。根据he和动词encourage之间的逻辑关系分析，此处应该使用被动形式，故先排除A项。再和第一句话的一般过去时态结合起来分析，此处应该使用过去完成时态的被动语态。故选B。
D．treated can be the patients
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查部分倒装。句意为：只有增加50%的医生，这个医院的病人才能得到恰当的医治。“only＋状语”放于句首时句子须用部分倒装，故选C项。
考点:考查部分倒装
9．The classroom ________ by students every day.
14．When I got to his house, I found that the walls _____ .
A．are being painted B．are painting
C．were being painted D．were painting
【答案】C
【解析】考查过去进行时态的被动语态。句意：当我到达他家的时候，我发现墙正在被粉刷。根据句意可知用过去进行时态的被动语态，故选C。
【解析】
试题分析：考查时态，主语是decision和动词make是动宾关系，所以用被动式，因为后面的句子about any future appointment可以知道动作未发生，所以用将来时，句子意思“关于未来会议没有做出任何决定直到所有的报考者已经被采访”，所以选A
考点：考查时态
点评：做时态题时，首先看时间状语，由时间状语来确定句子的时态；如果没有时间状语，可以根据隐含的意思来确定句子时态。
A．could have been rewardedB．must have been rewarded
C．should be rewardedD．need have been rewarded
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词+have done用法。句意：金庸去世了，至于他的成就，有这样的评论：他本能获得诺贝尔文学奖用他的被翻译成了英语的著作。A. could have been rewarded本可以被授予；B. must have been rewarded一定被授予；C. should be rewarded应该被授予；D. need have been rewarded本必要被授予。根据语境，A选项正确。
点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，其表达形式为had done，被动语态的表达形式为had been done。
7．Peter is helping set tables in the hall, where John’s birthday party ________.
2．Our teacher keeps telling us that the futureto the well-educated.
A．belongingB．belongsC．is belongingD．is belonged
【答案】B
【解析】
考查短语：belong to属于，没有进行时态没有被动语态。故答案选B。
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查定语从句和时态。句意：这是今年上映的最好的电影之一。此处为定语从句，先行词为the one，有最高级the best修饰，关系代词应该用that，在从句中作主语，语境表明使用现在完成时，而且谓语要用第三人称单数，故C项正确。
12．Oral English exams _______ in China twice a year to give more chances to the students.
A．has held B．will be held
C．will hold D．has been held
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：英语口语考试将在中国每年举行两次，为的是给学生更多的机会。句中主语Oral English exams和动词hold是被动关系，表示动作将要进行不是完成，排除D，故选B。