药学专业英语词汇词根词缀
药学英语词根词缀表(字母排序)
acou/o听觉acoustic听觉的acyl酰基acylase酰基酶aden/o腺adenoid腺样的aero气体aerosol 浮质(气体中的悬浮微粒,如烟、雾等);[化]气溶胶, 气雾剂, 烟雾剂alg疼痛analgia痛觉缺乏allo-异allosome异染色体amino氨基aminoglycoside氨基糖甙anaphyl过敏anaphylatoxin过敏毒素andr/o男性,雄性的androgen雄激素anti抗antianemic drugs抗贫血药aque水nonaqueous titration非水滴定法-arctia狭窄bronchiarctia支气管狭窄bacill杆菌bacillus[拉]杆菌属,芽胞bil/i胆汁bilirubin胆红素calc钙calcium钙carb碳carbon碳clon克隆monoclonal单克隆的,单细胞系的coccus球菌coccobacillus球杆菌contra对抗contraceptives避孕药Crin分泌endocrine内分泌cyt细胞cytochromes 细胞色素体系de-从deoxidation脱氧dent/i牙齿dentalgia牙痛derm/o皮肤epidermis表皮desoxy脱氧desoxymorphine脱氧吗啡duoden/o十二指肠duodenostomy十二指肠造口术edem水肿edema浮肿,水肿embry/o胎儿,胚胎embryonic胚胎的emia血症anoxemia缺氧血症-emia血的情况leukemia白血病exo外exopeptidase 外肽酶fibrin纤维蛋白fibrinogen纤维蛋白原gastr/o胃gastric胃的germ病菌germicide杀菌剂gluc甘glucokinase 葡萄糖激酶gon/o,gonad/o性腺,生殖腺gonorrhea淋病-helcosis溃疡形成gastrohelcosis胃溃疡hemat/o血hematuria血尿hemi-半hemiparalysis偏瘫hormon激素parahormone副激素hydro水hydrolase 水解酶类hyper-超过,过多hyperglycemia高血糖hypo-低,少于正常hypoglycemia低血糖immuno免疫immunopharmacology 免疫药理学iod碘iodide碘化物-itis炎症hepatitis肝炎kal钾hyperkalemia高钾血症kerat/o角膜keratomalacia角膜软化leuco-白leucocidin杀白细胞素leuko-白leukocyte白细胞lipo脂肪lipoprotein 脂蛋白lymph淋巴lymphadenitis淋巴结炎-lysis溶解hemolysis溶血meno月经menopause绝经menstru月经menstruation月经,行经mono单monooxygenase 单加氧酶my/o,myos/o肌肉myitis (myositis) 肌炎natr钠hypernatremia血钠过高nephr/o肾nephromegaly肾肥大onc肿瘤oncology肿瘤学oste/o骨osteoblast成骨细胞ot/o耳otitis耳炎para-旁,附着,异常paranephric肾旁的,肾上腺的parasit寄生虫parasite寄生虫,寄生物peps/i消化dyspepsia消化不良pept肽dipeptide二肽pept, peps消化dyspepsia消化不良pept/i消化peptic消化(性)的peri-周围perihepatitis肝周炎phag吞噬phagosome吞噬体pneumon/o气,肺pneumonia肺炎poly多polypeptide 多肽pro-在前,在…后方prognosis预后prote蛋白质protease蛋白酶pulmon/o肺pulmonary肺的pyr/o热,发热pyrogenic致热的retin/o视网膜retinoscopy视网膜镜检查saliv唾液salivation流涎,多涎secret分泌secretory分泌的semi-半semisynthetic半合成的somn睡眠somnambulism梦游症somn/i睡眠insomnia失眠spor孢子sporicide杀孢子剂staphyl葡萄staphylococcus葡萄球菌-stenosis变狭,狭窄arteriostenosis动脉狭窄steril不育sterilization绝育,灭菌-therapy治疗thermotherapy温热疗法therm热thermostat恒温器thromb/o凝块,血块thrombosis血栓形成thyr/o甲状腺thyrocele甲状腺肿trans转transaldolase 转醛缩酶tum肿,瘤tumefaction肿胀,肿大ur/o尿,尿道diuretic利尿剂uracil尿嘧啶fluorouracil氟尿嘧啶uric尿酸uricacidemia尿酸血症urin尿urination排尿uter/o子宫uteritis子宫炎vas/o血管vasoconstrictor血管收缩剂vertebr/o椎骨intervertebral椎间的zym酶zymogen 酶原。
医学英语词根词缀记忆
neonate: n, 新生儿, neonatal: adj,新生期的neo: 新neomycin, 新霉素,neoplasm, 新生物,natus: 出生, prenatal: 产前的,出生前的Gastrointestinal: 胃肠道的gastro : 胃,intesto : 肠,Gastrointestinal system:胃肠系统,或消化系统Antibody: 抗体anti-: 对抗,antigen: 抗原antibiotics: 抗生素Psychosexual: 性心理Psycho: 心理,精神,psychology: 心理学Carbohydrate: 碳水化合物Carbo: 碳carbonate: 碳酸盐hydrate: 水化物,含水物hydratase: 水和酶ase 酶,lipase:脂肪酶Auditory: adj. 听觉的audi-: 听如:audiometer: 听力计meter: 测量kinetic: 运动的kine-: 运动kinesimeter: 运动测量计akinesia:运动不能Congenital: 先天性的con- 和genitor-: 生殖,生殖器genitourinary:泌尿生殖的Defect:缺点,瑕疵de:否定,脱离,缺乏,不足degeneration:恶化fect:做infect:感染,影响Oxygenated: 含氧的,氧合的oxygen:氧气-ate:词尾,表示某种行为,状态Deoxygenate:去氧,脱氧de- 前缀,去离脱Unoxygenated:不含氧的,含氧低un-前缀,用于形容词之前,不Pulmonary:肺的pulmo-:肺pulmometer:肺量计Tachycardia: 心动过速tachy:快,迅速tachypnea:呼吸过快cardio-心脏Cardiovascular:心血管的Stenosis:狭窄steno-:狭窄stenocephaly:头狭窄,小头Hypertrophy:肥大,增生hyper:高于,超越,多于hypercardia:心肥大trophy:战利品,促,增加gonadotrophin:促性腺激素Hypotrophy:不足生长,萎hypo-:低于,少于,不足Cyanosis:发绀Acyanotic:不发绀的a-:不,没有anemia:贫血(-emia是血症)cyanotic:发绀的Hypoxia:低氧血症hypo(少)+ox(ygen)(氧气)+ia(血症)Dyspnea:呼吸困难dys-:前缀,困难dyskinesia:运动障碍pnea:气体,呼吸apnea:呼吸停止Leukemia: 白血病leuk- 同leuc-,白leucocyte:白细胞-emia-:同-hemia,血,血液Leukopenia:白细胞减少症-penia:血细胞减少thrombocytopenia:血小板减少症neutropenia:中性粒细胞减少症-neutro-:中,中间,中性neutrocyte:中性粒细胞Thrombocytopenia:血小板减少症-thrombo-:血小板,血栓thrombosis:血栓症thrombocyte:血小板-cyte:细胞erythrocyte:红细胞Infiltration: 渗透-in:向里filtrate:过滤,滤出Reticuloendothelia: 网状内皮reticulo-:网状的reticular:网状组织-endo-:内,内部endotrachea:气管内-theli-:乳头,皮瓣Chemotherapy:化疗chemo-: 化学的chemoanalysis:化学分析therapy:治疗Anesthetics:麻醉剂an-:前缀,否定的,相反的(同a-)-esthe-:感觉esthesia:感觉,感知Cystitis:膀胱炎cyst-囊,胞,膀胱cystalgia:膀胱痛-itis:炎gastritis:胃炎hemophilia 血友病hemo- 血,血液hemoglobin: 血红蛋白-phil: 亲,嗜neutrophil: 嗜中性白细胞neutron-: 中-ia: 词尾,表示—血症,petechia:淤血,淤点hemolyze: 溶血hemo-血-ly-:溶解fibrolysin: 纤维溶解素hemorrhage: 出血hemo- 血,血液-rrha-: 大量的流出diarrhea: 腹泻umbilical cord: 脐带umbil- 脐umbilectomy: 脐切除术cord 绳索,带子circumcision: 包皮环切术circum- 周围,环circumcorneal: 角膜周围(corneal 是角膜的意思)-cision 切开,切口incision:切割, 切开, 切口intracranial: adj 颅内的intra-: 内,内部intracellular: 细胞内的-cranio-: 颅的,颅骨的craniofacial: 颅面的laceration: 伤口,裂口lacer-: 撕裂lacerant:折磨人的,令人痛苦的hemarthrosis: 关节积血arthro-: 关节arthritis: 关节炎(-it is: 是炎症)-osis:词尾,疾病的状态petechia 瘀点,瘀斑peti:皮肤上的斑点impetigo:(皮肤)脓疱病-ia:词尾,血症anemia: 贫血an- 无,不,缺乏-emia:血症leukemia:白血病follow-up: 随诊,复诊immobilize: v 制动,不活动im-是前缀,同in,不,相反,没有mobile: 移动比如大家都熟悉的mobile phone: 移动电话antihemophili:抗血友病的anti- 对抗antiembolic:抗栓hemophilia 血友病degeneration 退化,变性de- 去,离,脱,除degrowth: 降低生长gene:基因,generation: 产生,发生, 生殖disability: 无能力,残疾dis-:分开,分离,否定,不disadjust:失调的able: 能,可以,ability: 能力,才干disable: 不能,disability: 残疾genetic: 遗传的gene: 基因hemolytic: 溶血性的hemo- 血,血液hemoglobin:血红蛋白-lyse-:溶解cytolysis: 细胞溶解precipitate:促成,使…陷入pre-:先于,…之前preplan:预先计划cipit:头dehydration:脱水de- 去,离,脱hydro-:水,含氢的hydrogen:氢Hematocrit:红细胞压积,红细胞比容hemato-:血液,血crit:同krites,判断Lethargy:无精打采,嗜睡les-:健忘的-argos-:懒散的Malaise:身体不适,不舒服,疲倦mal- 坏的,错误的malformation:畸形,难看-aise:同ease,悠闲,轻松,安逸Vaso-occlusion 血管堵塞vaso-:血管,输精管vasodilation:血管扩张occlusion:闭塞,阻塞Perfusion:灌注per-:通,穿透,支持,携带,向前fuse:熔化,合并,注入 infusion:灌输,输液Overheating:过热的over- 超过,高过,过分Pneumococcus:肺炎球菌pneumo-: 肺,气pneumonia:肺炎-coccus:球菌diplococcus:双球菌transfusion:输血trans-:转移transfer:转移,转让,传递fuse:合并,注入infusion:灌输,输液electrolyte:电解质electro-:电,电子的electroconvulsion:电击lyte:溶解Apnea: 无呼吸的,呼吸停止的a-:否定,相反的, 不,没有absent:缺席,不在-pnea-: 呼吸dyspnea:呼吸困难Bradycardia:心动过缓brady-:缓慢的bradypnea:呼吸过慢-cardio-:心脏cardigram:心电图Hypotonic:张力下降hypo-:少于,低于hypotension:低血压tonic:紧张的,张力的Autopsy:尸检auto-自己,自体autograft:自体移植物-opsis-:检查,看Bronchiolitis: 细支气管炎bronchio- 细支气管bronchiole: 细支气管-itis: 炎症meningitis: 脑膜炎Laryngitis: 喉炎laryngo- 喉laryngoscopy: 喉镜检查Laryngotracheobronchitis: 喉气管支气管炎-tracheo-: 气管tracheotomy: 气管切开术-broncho-: 支气管bronchitis: 气管炎Epiglottitis: 会厌炎epiglott-:会厌Syncytial: 合胞病毒的syn-: 共同,联合,相似synkinesia: 协同性运动, 辅助运动-cyto-: 细胞Hyperinflation: 过度膨胀hyper:高,过多hypertension:高血压-in-:相反的,否定的flat: 平坦的,扁的,漏气的Inspiratory: 吸气的in: 向内,进入insight:内在,见识-spirate-: 通气respiration: 呼吸Dysphagia: 吞咽困难dys- : 困难的-phago-: 吞咽,吞噬Phagocyte: 吞噬细胞Trecheostomy: 气管切开术-ostomy-: 切开术,造瘘术colostomy: 结肠造瘘术Epinephrine: 肾上腺素-epi-: 在…之上,在…之外epigastric:上腹部-nephro-: 肾脏的nephrosis: 肾病-ine: 素Corticosteroid: 皮质激素cortico-:皮,皮质corticose: 外皮的,皮层的steroid: 激素Endotracheal: 气管内的-endo-: 内,内部endocrine:内分泌Cystic 囊性的cyst-: 前缀表示“囊, 胞”之义cystectomy: 胆囊切除术Fibrosis: 纤维化,纤维变性fibr(o)- 纤维fibrocyte: 纤维细胞-cyte: 细胞-sis: --词尾,…化, …状态Dysfunction: 功能紊乱,机能不良dys: 困难dysphagia:吞咽困难Function: 功能Autosome: 常染色体,正染色体auto-自体,身体,自动-soma-: 体s omatic:肉体的Exocrine: 外分泌exo- 外部的exotoxin: 外毒素crinein: 分离Endocrine: 内分泌endo-: 内,内部endotoxin: 内毒素malabsorption: (营养)吸收不良mal-: 坏,错误,疾病malignant: 恶性的absorb: 吸收steatorrhea: 脂肪泻steato- 脂肪steatoma: 脂肪瘤-rrhea:大量流出diarrhea:腹泻expectorant:adj 化痰的,n 化痰剂ex-: 自…出来, 排出excrete: 排泄pector: 胸,胸腔mucolytics: 粘液溶解剂muco- 粘液mucoid: 粘液样的-lyte-: 溶解hemolysis: 溶血bronchodilator: 气管扩张剂broncho- 气管bronchitis: 气管炎dilate: 扩张dehydration: 脱水de- 前缀,去、脱hydro- 水,氢Prodromal :前驱的,有前驱症状的pro:居前,领先proenzyme:酶原dromos:跑,进行maculopapular:斑丘疹macule:斑疹papule:丘疹Centripetal: 向心的centro-:中心Antihistamine: 抗组胺药anti-:对抗antibody:抗体-histo-:组织histocyte:组织细胞-amine:胺Globulin:球蛋白globule:球,-in:素,酶,蛋白encephalitis:脑炎-encepho-:脑encephalopathy:脑病-itis:炎Paramyxovirus:副粘病毒para-: 副,旁,侧面parablast:副胚层-myxo-:粘,粘液myxocyte:粘液细胞virus:病毒Parotitis:腮腺炎,腮腺肿大Paroti-:腮腺,耳旁的parotin:腮腺激素Submaxillary:下颌的sub:下,亚,次subcutenous:皮下-maxill-: 颌Orchitis:睾丸炎-orcho-:睾丸orchotomy:睾丸切开术Epididymo-orchitis:附睾炎epididymo-:附睾teratogenic:产生畸形的-terato-:畸形teratosis:畸胎,怪胎Hydrogen peroxiede:过氧化氢,双氧水hydrogen:氢per-:携带,支持-oxide:氧化物dioxide:二氧化物Desquamation:脱皮,脱屑de-:去,脱,离squama:鳞片Arthralgia:关节痛-arthro-:关节arthritis:关节炎-gia:疼痛neuralgia:神经痛vasculitis:脉管炎,血管炎-vascul-:血管Hyperthermia:高热-thermo-:体温,热度thermometer:体温计Unremitting:不间断的un-:前缀,没有,不remit:宽恕,赦免Lymphadenopathy:淋巴腺疾病-lymph-:淋巴-adeno-:腺体adenoma:腺瘤Erythematous:红斑的-erythro-:红,红色Erythromycin:红霉素-ma:斑,瘤myoma:肌瘤Febrile:热性的febri-:发烧febricide:退热剂Conjunctivitis:结膜炎conjunctiva:结膜Oropharyngeal:口咽的-oro-:口Oral:口头的-pharyngo-:咽 Pharyngitis:咽炎Mucocutaneous:粘膜皮肤的-muco-:粘膜mucosa:黏膜-cutaneo-:皮肤subcutaneous:皮下的医学英语词根词缀记忆10Rheumatic: 风湿性的rheumato-:风湿rheumatoid: 类风湿的rheumatic fever: 风湿热Autoimmune: 自身免疫的auto-: 自身,自体autoantibody:自身抗体immune:免疫immune globulin:免疫球蛋白Streptococcus: 链球菌strepto-:链状的streptolysin: 链球菌溶血素streptomycin:链霉素-coccus: 球菌diplococcus:双球菌Peumococcus:肺炎双球菌Carditis: 心脏炎,心肌炎cardio-:心脏cardiovascular:心血管的myocardial:心肌的-itis:炎myocarditis:心肌炎Polyarthritis:多发性关节炎poly-: 多,多个,多种polycyte: 多型核细胞polyphagia:多食-arthro-: 关节arthrology: 关节学Erythema:红斑erythe: 红,红色erythromycin: 红霉素-ma: 肿物,斑myoma:肌瘤Subcutaneous: 皮下的Sub-: 在下;低于,次于,副,次Subadult:接近成年的人-cutan-: 皮肤percutaneous:经皮的ROM: Range Of Motion 环绕关节地运动,全关节运动Prophylactic:预防疾病的;预防性的pro-:在…之前-phylax-: 保卫phylaxin:抵抗素Glomerulonephritis:肾小球肾炎glomerulus :肾小球glomerulitis:肾小球炎glomerulopathy:肾小球病-nephro-:肾nephrocyte:肾原细胞nephrotoxicity: 肾毒性Bilateral:双侧的,有两面的bi-:两,双bipolar:双极的,两极的lateral:侧边unilateral:单侧的Noninfectious:非传染的non-:非,不,无nonabsorbable:不能被吸收的infectious:传染性的Streptococcus:链球菌strepto-:链状streptomycin:链霉素-coccus: 球菌diplococcus:双球菌Hypertension:高血压hyper:高于,多于h yperthermia:高温,发热tension:压力,张力Antihypertensive:抗高血压药anti:抗,对抗antibiotics:抗生素Retention:保留,储留Hematuria: 血尿Hemato-:血hematogenous:血源性的-uria:尿oliguria:少尿Integrity:完整,完全Specific gravity:比重Recurrence:复发,重现re-:再次retake:重摄reread:再读rewrite:再写-cur-:发生occur:发生,出现 concur:同时发生(con:共同)Otitis media: 中耳炎Otitis: 耳炎-oto-: 耳otophone: 助听器otolith:耳石-itis:炎Meningitis: 脑膜炎-meningo-: 脑膜meningocele: 脑膜膨出meningioma:脑(脊)膜瘤Eradicate: 根治,根除e-: 免,除去erase:抹去,擦掉-radic-: 根polyradiculitis:多神经根炎Decongestant:解充血药de-:去除,剥夺,脱离dehydration:脱水congest: 充血,充塞congestive heart failure:充血性心力衰竭-ant:药,剂absorbant:吸收剂Analgesic: 止痛的;镇痛剂an- : 无,没有,缺乏anacid:酸缺乏,无酸的anemia:贫血-algea-: 同algia,痛苦,感到痛苦neuralgia:神经痛Antipyretic:退热药anti-:抗antacid:抗酸剂antibacterial:抗菌的-pyreto-: 热pyretology: 热病学Myringotomy:鼓膜切开术-myringo-: 鼓膜myringitis: 鼓膜炎-otomy:切开术atriotomy:心房切开术Photophobia: 畏光-photo-: 光,相片phobia: 恐惧症acrophobia:恐高症basophobia:步行恐惧症Opisthotonos:角弓反张opistho-:后,体后 opisthion:颅后点,枕骨tonic:紧张,强直Multisystem:多系统的multi-:多,多种,多个 multiple:多样的,多重的Encephalopathy:脑病encephal-:脑encephalitis:脑炎-pathy:疾病neuropathy:神经病nephropathy:肾病持续更新,所需资料请私信,必尽最大努力尽快提供。
医学英语词汇(词根、词缀)
Ⅱ前缀Post—后postpartum 产后De- 去dehydration 脱水Hyper—高hyperuricemia 高尿酸血症Pre—前premature 发生在适当时间之前的Myo- 肌myoglolinemia 肌红蛋白血症Tetra—四tetrachloride 四氯化Re- 重复Replicate 复制Poly- 多Polymerase 聚合酶Deoxy- 脱氧Deoxyribonucleotide 脱氧核糖核苷酸Trans—转移Transferase 转移酶di—二Phosphodiester 磷酸二酯Pro- 原proinsulin 胰岛素原Tachy—快Tachycardia 心动过速Lipo- 脂Lipophilic 亲脂的Hydro—水Hydrophilic 亲水的Entero—肠Enterohepatic 肠肝的Ar—非,失常Arrhythmogenic 致心律失常的bi—二Bigeminy 二联律Dis—缺乏Disorientation 定向力缺乏Auto- 自动automaticity 自律性Extra—外extracellular 细胞外的Non—非nontraumatic 非创伤性的Epi—上epigastrium 上腹部的Peri—周围periumbilical 脐周Para—旁paracolic 结肠旁Hemat- 血hematemesis 呕血Intra—内intramural 壁内的Ipsi- 同ipsilateral 同侧的Oro- 口oropharynx 口咽部Hepato- 肝hepatosplenomegaly 肝脾肿大Dys—困难dyspneic 呼吸困难的Brady- 过缓bradycardia 心动过缓Naso- 鼻nasopharygeal 鼻咽的Encephalo- 脑Encephalomenigitis 脑膜脑炎Myo—肌myocarditis 心肌炎Gastro—胃gastroenteritis 胃肠炎Ovi- 卵oviduct 输卵管Endo- 内endometrium 子宫内膜Radio—放射radioimmunoassay 放射免疫测定Nulli- 未nullipara 未产妇a- 无、非amenorrhea 闭经-ectomy 切除术hysterectomy 子宫切除术Bronchi- 支气管bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Neo- 新neoplasm 新生物Lympho—淋巴lymphoma 淋巴瘤Tetra—四tetracycline 四环素Hypo- 低hypogammaglobulinaemia 低γ—球蛋白血症Micro—微microangiopathy 微血管病变Retino- 视网膜retinopathy 视网膜病变后缀—megaly 肿大hepatosplenomegaly 肝脾肿大-centesis 穿刺术thoracentesis 胸腔穿刺术—emia 血症hyperuricemia 高尿酸血症—itis 炎症pancreatitis 胰腺炎-ase 酶Transferase 转移酶-lysis 分解proteolysis 蛋白分解-philic 亲Lipophilic 亲脂的-genic 致arrhythmogenic 致心律失常的-rrhea 溢galactorrhea 溢乳—stasis 稳定homeostasis 体内环境稳定—scopy 镜检查laparoscopy 腹腔镜检查—otomy 切开术colpotomy 阴道穹隆切开术-pathy 病变retinopathy 视网膜病变—ist 者、专家ophthalmologist 眼科医师解剖:解剖学术语前缀含义举例a-an—不,不是,非,没有,少azygos: 不成对的部分,无对偶的部分,单一器an tibacterial:抗生素ante—在…之前,…前的antecubital: 肋前的anti—反抗,治疗的anti bacterial: 抗生素circum—环,周围circum ferential fibers: 环型纤维contra—反抗,逆对contra lateral: 对侧的ec-出,偏离ec ctopic: 异位的endo- 内部的,内在的endoscope: 内窥镜epi—在上,向epi dural: 硬膜的ex- 出,从,来的ex cise: 切除extra—天,…外的extradural:硬膜外的hyper- 过好的,超出平常的hyperlordosis: 过度前凸ermal (pertaining to upon the skin)hypo—不足的,在…下的hypokyphosis: 后凸平足,平背畸形infra-在…下infra laminar:椎板下节inter- 在…之间intercostal:肋间intra—在…之内intradural: 硬膜下ipsi—相同的ipsi lateral: 同侧的mal—病态的,平启的mal union: 骨接合不正medi- 中间的medi al:中间的para- 不正常的,延…的,附近的para esthesia(or paresthesia):感觉异常peri- 围绕,附近的peri neural: 神经外膜post- 之后,在…后post operative:术后的pre—之前,在…前preoperative:术前准备pseudo—假的pseudoarthrosis(or pseudarthr-osis):假关节retro—向后,回复retro peritoneal: 腹膜后的semi—半semi lunar:半月型的sub- 之下,在…之下subcutaneous: 皮下的supra—之上supralaminar:椎板上syn—共,合syn ostosis:骨连接trans- 穿过trans peritoneal: 经腹膜常用后缀-algia 疼痛arthralgia: 关节痛—clasis 断,折断osteoclasis: 骨破折-desis 固定( 关节或骨头) arthrodesis:关节固定术关节融合术—ectomy 切除laminectomy:椎板切除术—emia 血anemia:贫血—genesis 形成,起源osteogensis: 骨发生—itis 炎症arthitis: 关节炎—lysis 分解,松解osteolysis:骨吸收,骨质溶解—malacia 软化chrondromalacia: 轻骨软化—oid 类似osteoid:骨样的-oma 肿瘤sarcoma: 肉瘤-otomy 切,截osteotomy:截骨术-paresis 半,部分麻痹hemiparesis:半身麻痹-path(y) 病neuropathy: 神经病肥大—penia 不止,减少osteopenia:骨质减少-plasia 生长,形成hyperplasia:增生,过度增生-plasty 手术修复cranioplasty: 颅骨成形术-scope 检查设备thoracocscope: 胸腔镜—scopy 用设备检查thoracoscopy:胸腔镜检查-stenosis 狭窄的spinal stenosis: 椎管狭窄-tome 切割器械ostetome: 骨力—tomy 切,截osteotomy: 截骨术—trophy 食物,营养hypetrophy: 过度生长常用的前缀第一节表示无,抗,非的前缀一.a—,an-无,非。
医学专业英语前后缀及词根
•a-[无,缺]▲anemia[贫血]▲ atonia[无张力]▲ asymptomatic[无症状的]▲ amenorrhea[闭经]•ab-[分离]▲ abduct [外展]▲ abscision[切除]•acou (acu)-[听觉]▲ acumeter [听力计]▲ acouophone[助听器]•acro-[肢端]▲ acromegaly[肢端肥大症]▲ acromastitis[乳头炎]•ad (af, an)-[邻近,向上]▲ adrenal [肾上腺]▲ adaxial[近轴的]▲ annexa[附件]•-ad[……侧]▲ ventrad[向腹侧]▲ cephalad[向头侧]•adeno-[腺]▲ adenocyte[腺细胞]▲ adenoidism[腺体病]•adipo-[脂肪]▲ adiposis[肥胖症]▲ adiponecrosis[脂肪坏死] •adreno-[肾上腺]▲adrenocorticoid[肾上腺皮质激素]▲ adrenalin[肾上腺素]▲ adrenal[肾上腺]•-aemia(emia)[血症]▲ bacteremia[菌血症]▲ leukemia[白血病]•-albi (albino)-[白色]▲ albumin[白蛋白]▲ albinism[白化病]•-algesia[痛觉]▲hypoalgesia[痛觉减退]•-algia[痛]▲arthralgia[关节痛]▲cephalgia[头痛]▲neuralgia[神经痛] •alkali-[碱]▲alkalosis[碱中毒]•alveo-[牙槽,小沟]▲alveolitis[牙槽炎]▲alveobronchiolitis[支气管肺泡炎]•ambi-[复,双]▲ ambiopia[复视]▲ ambivert[双重性格]•ambly-[弱]▲amblyopia[弱视]▲amblyaphia[触觉迟钝]•amylo-[淀粉]▲amyloidosis[淀粉酶]▲amylase[淀粉酶]•angio-[血管]▲angiography[血管造影术]▲angioedema[血管性水肿]▲angeitis[脉管炎]▲angiofibroma[血管纤维瘤]•ante-[前]▲antenatal[出生前的]▲anteflexion[前屈]•antero-[前]▲anterolateral[前侧壁]▲anteroventral[前腹侧]•anti-[抗,反]▲antibiotics[抗生素]▲antihypertensives[降压药]▲anticoagulant[抗凝剂]•rarchno-[蛛网膜]▲arachnoiditis[蛛网膜炎]•archo-[肛门,直肠]▲archorrhagia[肛门出血]▲archosyrinx[直肠灌注器]•arterio-[动脉]▲arteriospasm[动脉痉挛]▲arteriosclerosis[动脉硬化]•arthro-[关节]▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺]▲arthrotomy[关节切开术]▲arthritis[关节炎]•-ase[酶]▲oxidase[氧化酶]▲proteinase[蛋白酶]•-asthenia[无力]▲myasthenia[肌无力]▲neurasthenia[神经衰弱]•audio(audito)-[听力]▲audiology[听觉学]▲audiometer[听力计]•auto-[自己]▲autoimmune[自身免疫]▲auto hemotherapy[自体血疗法]•bacilli-[杆菌]▲bacillosis[杆菌病]▲bacilluria[杆菌尿]医学全在.线提供•bacterio-[细菌]▲bacteriology[细菌学]▲bactericide[杀菌剂]•baro-[压力]▲barometer [压力计]▲baroreceptor[压力感受器]•bary-[迟钝]▲barylalia[言语不清]▲baryacusia[听觉迟钝]•bi-[双]▲bicuspid[二尖瓣]]▲bilateral[两侧的]•bili-[胆汁]▲bilirubin[胆红素]•bio-[生命]▲biology[生物学]▲biopsy[活检]•-blast[母细胞]▲spermatoblast[精子细胞]▲melanoblast[成黑色素细胞]▲osteoblast[成骨细胞]•brachy-[短]▲brachypnea[气短]▲brachydactylia[短指畸形]•brady-[迟缓]▲bradycardia[心动过缓]▲bradypsychia[精神不振]•broncho-[支气管]▲bronchoscopy[支气管镜检查]▲bronchiostenosis[支气管痉挛]▲bronchitis[支气管炎] •bronchiolo-[细支气管]▲bronchiolectasis[细支气管扩张] •calci-[钙]▲calcification[钙化]▲calcicosilicosis[钙沉着症] •carbo-[碳]▲carbohydrate[碳水化合物]▲carbohaemia[碳酸血症] •carcino-[癌]▲carcinogen[致癌物]•cardio-[心,贲门]▲cardiotonics[强心剂]▲cardioplasty[贲门成形术]•-cele[疝,肿物]▲omphalocele[脐疝]▲hysterocele[子宫脱垂]▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出] •celio-[腹]▲celialgia[腹痛]▲celioscopy[腹腔镜检查]•-centesis[穿刺]▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺术] ▲abdominocentesis[腹穿] •cephalo-[头]▲cephaloxia[斜颈]▲cephalopathy[头部疾病]▲cephalotomy[穿颅术] •cerebello-[小脑]▲cerebellitis[小脑炎]▲cerebellum[小脑]•cerebro-[大脑]▲cerebritis[大脑炎]▲cerebrology[脑学]•chemo-[化学]▲chemotherapy[化疗]•chloro-[绿,氯]▲chloroform[氯仿]▲chloromycetin[氯霉素]▲chlorophyll[叶绿素] •cholangio-[胆道]▲cholangitis[胆管炎]▲cholangiectasis[胆管扩张] •cholo-[胆] ▲cholagogue[利胆剂]▲cholelithiasis[胆石症]▲cholecystitis[胆囊炎]▲cholesterol[胆固醇]•chondro-[软骨]▲chondrosarcoma[软骨肉瘤]▲chondrification[骨软化]•chromo-[色素] ▲cytochrome[细胞色素]▲chromosome[染色体]•-cide[杀……剂] ▲germicide[杀菌剂]▲aborticide[堕胎药]•circum-[周围] ▲circumoral[口周的]▲circumcision[包皮环切术]•coagulo-[凝固] ▲coagulant[凝血剂]•colo-[结肠] ▲colotomy[结肠切开术]▲coloptosis[结肠下垂]•colpo (coleo)-[阴道] ▲coleospastia[阴道痉挛]▲colposcope[阴道镜]•con tra-[反,逆] ▲contraindication[禁忌证]▲contraceptive[避孕药]•counter-[反,逆] ▲counteragent[拮抗剂]▲conuterpoison[解毒剂]•cranio-[颅] ▲craniomalacia[颅骨软化]▲cranioclasis[碎颅术]•-cyst-[囊] ▲cystomy[膀胱切开术]▲dacryocyst[泪囊]•-cyte-[细胞] ▲lymphocyte[淋巴细胞]▲cytolysis[细胞溶解]•de-[除去] ▲detoxication[解毒]•dento[牙] ▲dentistry[牙科学]▲dentalgia[牙痛]•-derm-[皮肤] ▲epiderm[表皮]▲dermatology[皮肤病学]▲dermoplasty[皮肤成形术]•dextro-[右] ▲dextrocardia[右位心]▲dexiotropic[右旋的]•di s-[分离] ▲discission[分离术]▲disinfection[消毒法]•duodeno-[十二指肠] ▲duodenitis[十二指肠炎]▲duodenostomy[十二指肠造口术]•-dynia[痛] ▲acrodynia[肢体痛]▲urethrodynia[尿道痛]•dys-[异常] ▲dysfunction[功能不良]▲dyshormonism[内分泌障碍]▲dysuria[排尿困难]医学全在线•-ectasis[扩张] ▲gastroectasis[胃扩张]▲aerenterectasia[肠胀气]▲bronchiectasia[支气管扩张]•-ectomy[切除术] ▲appendectomy[阑尾切除术]▲lipectomy[脂肪切除术]•-edema[水肿] ▲encephaledema[脑水肿]▲myxedema[粘液性水肿]•-emesia[呕] ▲hematemesia[呕血]▲helminthemesia[吐虫]•encephalo-[脑] ▲encephaloma[脑瘤]▲encephaledema[脑水肿]•endo-[内] ▲endocarditis[心内膜炎]▲endoscope[内窥镜]•entero-[肠] ▲enteritis[肠炎]▲enterovirus[肠病毒]•epi-[上,外] ▲epigastrium[上腹部]•erythro-[红] ▲erythromycin[红霉素]▲erythroderma[红皮病] •esophago-[食管] ▲esophagoscope[食管镜]▲esophagitis[食管炎] •extra-[……外] ▲extracellular[细胞外的]▲extrasystole[额外收缩] •facio-[面] ▲facioplegia[面瘫]▲facioplasty[面部成形术] •-fast[耐] ▲acid-fast[抗酸的] ▲uviofast[耐紫外线]•febri-[热] ▲febricula[低热] ▲febrifacient[致热的] •feti-[胎儿] ▲feticulture[妊娠期卫生]▲fetometry[胎儿测量法] •fibro-[纤维] ▲fibroblast[成纤维细胞]▲fibrosis[纤维化]•fore-[前] ▲forebrain[前脑] ▲forehead[前额]•-form[形状] ▲oviform[卵形的] ▲granuliform[颗粒状的] •fungi-[真菌,霉菌] ▲fungicide[杀真菌剂]▲fungistasis[制霉菌作用] •gastro-[胃] ▲gastroptosis[胃下垂]▲gastroenteritis[胃肠炎]▲gastroscopy[胃镜检查]▲gastratrophy[胃萎缩]•-gen [原,剂] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲pathogen[病原体]▲androgen[雄激素]▲Estrogen[雌激素]•-genic[……性] ▲cardiogenic[心源性的]▲allergenic[变应反应] •giganto-[巨大] ▲gigantocyte[巨红细胞]▲gigantism[巨大症]•gingivo-[牙龈] ▲gingivitis[牙龈炎]▲gingivostomatitis[牙龈口腔炎]•glosso-[舌] ▲glossoplegia[舌瘫痪]•gluco-[糖] ▲glucoprotein[糖蛋白]▲glucocorticoid[糖皮质激素]•glyco-[糖] ▲glycogen[糖原]▲glycouria[糖尿]•-grade[级,度] ▲centigrade[摄氏温度计]▲retrograde[逆行性]•-gram[克,图] ▲microgram[微克]▲electroencephalogram[脑电图]•-graph(y)[……仪(法)] ▲electrocardiogram[心电图]▲bronchography[支气管造影术]•gyneco-[妇女] ▲gynecology[妇科学]▲gynecopathy[妇科病]•hemo(hemato)-[血] ▲hemoglobin[血红蛋白]▲hematoma[血肿]•hemi-[半] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫]▲hemicrania[偏头病]•hepato-[肝] ▲hepatitis[肝炎]▲hepatocirrhosis[肝硬化]▲hepatosplenomegaly[肝脾肿大]•hidro-[汗] ▲hyperhidrosis[多汗症]▲anhidrosis[无汗症]•histo-[组织] ▲histology[组织学]▲histomorphology[组织形态学]•holo-[全] ▲holonarcosis[全麻]▲holoenzyme[全酶]•homo-[同] ▲homotype[同型]▲homologue[同系物]▲homoplasty[同种移植术]•hydro-[水] ▲hydropericardium[心包积水]▲hydrolysis [水解]•hypr-[高] ▲hypercalcemia[高钙血症]▲hyperthyroidism[甲亢]•hypno-[睡眼] ▲hypnotics[安眠药]▲hypnotherapy[催眠疗法]•hypo-[低] ▲hypotension[低血压]▲hypoglycemia[低血糖]•hystero-[子宫] ▲hysterospasm[子宫痉挛]▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂]•-ia[病] ▲melancholia[忧郁症]▲pyrexia[发热]•-iatrics[医学] ▲pediatrics[儿科学]▲geriatrics[老年病学]•-iatry[医学] ▲psychiatry[精神病学]▲pediatry[儿科学]•immuno-[免疫] ▲immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白]▲immunotherapy[免疫疗法]•infra-[下] ▲infraorbital[眶下的]▲infrared[红外线]•inter-[间] ▲intervertebral[椎间的]▲intercellular[细胞间的]•intra-[内] ▲intravenous[静脉内的]▲intracranial[颅内的]▲intramuscular[肌肉内的]•-ist[家] ▲pathologist[病理学家]▲anatomist[解剖学家]•-itis[炎症] ▲cellulitis[蜂窝织炎]▲myocarditis[心肌炎] •leuco (leuko)-[白] ▲leucorrhea[白带]▲leukocytosis[白细胞增多]▲leukemia[白血病]•lipo-(脂) ▲lipotrophy[脂肪增多]▲lipase[脂酶]•-lith[结石] ▲cholelith[胆结石]▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] •-logy[学] ▲terminology[术语学]▲Cardiology[心脏病学] •lumbo-[腰] ▲lumbosacral[腰骶部的]▲lumbago[腰背痛]▲lumbodynia[腰痛] •lympho-[淋巴] ▲lymphedema[淋巴水肿]▲lymphocytopenia[淋巴细胞减少]•-lysis(lytic)[松解,分解了] ▲aythrolysis[关节松解术]▲spasmolytic[解痉的] •macro-[大] ▲macrophage[巨噬细胞]▲macromolecule[大分子] •mal-[不良] ▲malnutrition[营养不良]▲malfunction[功能不全] •-megaly[巨大] ▲cardiomegaly[心扩大]▲cephalomegaly[巨头畸形] •meningo-[脑膜] ▲meningitis[脑膜炎]▲meningocephalitis[脑膜脑炎]•meno-[月经] ▲dysmenorrhea[痛经]▲menopause[停经] •-meter[表,计] ▲spirometer[肺活量计]▲pyrometer[高温表]•-metry[测量法] ▲iodometry[碘定量法]•micro-[小] ▲micropump[微泵]▲microliter[微升]•mono-[单-] ▲mononucleosis[单核细胞增多]▲monomer[单体]•multi-[多] ▲multinuclear[多核的]▲multipara[经产妇]•myelo-[髓] ▲myelocele[脊髓膨出]▲myelocyte[髓细胞]•myo-[肌] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎]▲myofibroma[肌纤维瘤]•naso-[鼻] ▲nasoscope[鼻镜]▲nasitis[鼻炎]•neo-[新] ▲neoplasm[瘤]▲neomycin[新霉素]•nephro-[肾] ▲nephropathy[肾病]▲nephrosclerosis[肾硬变]•neuro-[神经] ▲neuroma[神经瘤]▲neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎]•non-[非] ▲non-electrolyte[非电解质]▲nonfetal[非致命的]•nulli-[无] ▲nullipara[未产妇]▲nulligravida[未孕妇]•nutri-[营养] ▲nutrition[营养]▲nutrology[营养学]•oculo-[眼] ▲oculist[眼科医生]▲oculus dexter[右眼]▲oculus sinister[左眼]•oligo-[少] ▲oligophrenia[智力发育不全]▲oliguria[少尿]•-oma[肿瘤] ▲adenoma[腺瘤]▲osteoma[骨瘤]•onco-[肿瘤] ▲oncology[肿瘤学]▲oncogene[癌基因]医.学全在.线提供•ophthalmo-[眼] ▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出]▲ophthalmoplegia[眼肌麻痹]•-osis[病] ▲cirrhosis[肝硬化]▲mycosis[霉菌病]•osteo-[骨] ▲osteomalacia[骨软化]▲osteoarthritis[骨关节炎]•oto-[耳] ▲otolith[耳石]▲otoplasty[耳成形术]▲otopyosis[耳化脓]•pan-[全] ▲panimmunity[多种免疫]▲pantalgia[全身痛]▲pantatrophia[全身营养不良]•-para[产妇] ▲primipara[初产妇]▲nullipara[未产妇]•-pathy[病] ▲dermatopathy[皮肤病]▲Cardiomyopathy[心肌病]•pedia-[儿童] ▲pediatrician[儿科医师]▲pediatrics[儿科学]•-penia[减少] ▲leucopenia[白细胞减少]▲thrombopenia[血小板减少]•per-[经] ▲percutaneous[经皮肤的]•peri-[周围] ▲pericarditis[心包炎]▲perianal[肛周的]•pharmaco-[药] ▲pharmacokinetics[药代动力学]▲physicochemistry[药典]•physio-[物理▲physiotheraphy[理疗]▲physicochemistry[物理化学]•-plasty[成形术] ▲angioplasty[血管成形术]▲homoplasty[同种移植]▲gastroplasty[胃成形术] •-plegia[瘫] ▲paraplegia[截瘫] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫]•pleuro-[胸膜] ▲pleuritis[胸膜炎]▲pleurocentesis[胸腔穿刺术]•-pnea[呼吸] ▲orthopnea[端坐呼吸]▲tachypnea[呼吸急促] •pneumo-[气,肺] ▲pneumothorax[气胸]▲pneumococcus[肺炎球菌] •poly-[多] ▲polyuria[多尿]▲polycholia[胆汗过多] •post-[后] ▲postpartum[产后] ▲postoperation[术后]•pre-[前] ▲premenopause[绝经前期]▲premature[早搏]▲preload[前负荷]•pseudo-[假] ▲psudohypertrophy[假性肥大]▲psudomembranous[假膜的] •psycho-[精神,心理] ▲psychology[心理学]▲psychiatry[精神病学]•-ptosis[下垂] ▲nephroptosis[肾下垂]▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂] •-ptysis[咯] ▲pyoptysis[咯脓] ▲hemoptysis[咯血]•pyo-[脓] ▲pyorrhea[溢脓]▲pyosis[化脓]•radio-[放射] ▲radiotherapy[放疗]▲radiology[放射学]•recto-[直肠] ▲rectitis[直肠炎]▲rectectomy[直肠切除术]•retino-[视网膜] ▲retinitis[视网膜炎]▲retinodialysis[视网膜分离]•rhino-[鼻] ▲rhinitis[鼻炎]▲rhinorrhea[鼻漏]•-rrhagia[出血] ▲gastorrhagia[胃出血]▲hemorrhage[出血]▲pneumorrhagia[肺出血]•-rrhaphy[缝合术] ▲neurorrhaphy[神经缝合术]▲Vasorrhaphy[输卵管缝合术]•-rrhea[流出] ▲diarrhea[腹泻]▲menorrhea[月经]•schisto-[裂] ▲schistosomiasis[血吸虫病]▲schistoglossia[舌裂]•scirrho-[硬] ▲scirrhosarca[硬皮病]▲scirrhoma[硬癌]•sclero-[硬] ▲scleroderma[硬皮病]▲sclerometer[硬度计]•-scope(y)[镜,检查] ▲stethoscope[听诊器]▲otoscope[耳镜]▲proctoscopy[直肠镜检查法]•semi-[半] ▲semicoma[半昏迷]▲semiliquid[半流汁]•spondylo-[脊椎] ▲spondylopathy[脊椎病]▲spondylitis[脊椎炎]医.学全,在.线,提供•-stomy[造口术] ▲colostomy[结肠造口术]▲ilecolostomy[回结肠吻合术]•sub-[下,亚] ▲subacute[亚急性]▲subabdominal[下腹部的]•super-[在…上] ▲superficial[浅的]▲superoxide[超氧化物]•supra-[上] ▲supraventricular[室上性的]▲suprarenalism[肾上腺机能亢进]•tachy-[快] ▲tachycardia[心动过速]▲tachypnea[呼吸急促]•-therapy[治疗] ▲massotherapy[按摩治疗]▲pharmacotherapy[药物治疗]•thermo-[热] ▲thermometer[温度计]▲thermatology[热疗学]•thrombo-[血栓,血小板] ▲thrombolysis[溶栓]▲thrombocytopenia[血小板减少症]▲thrombosis[血]•-tomy[切开术] ▲tracheotomy[气管切开术]▲ovariotomy[卵巢切开术]•tracheo-[气管] ▲tracheoscope[气管镜]▲tracheorrhagia[气管出血]•trans-[经,转移] ▲transurethral[经尿道]▲transfusion[输血]•-trophy[营养] ▲dystrophy[营养不良]▲atrophy[萎缩]•ultra-[超过] ▲ultraviolet[紫外线]▲ultrasound[超声]•utero-[子宫] ▲uteroscope[子宫镜]▲uterotonic[宫缩剂]•vaso-[血管] ▲vasomotion[血管舒缩]▲Vasodilator[血管扩张剂]1.人体主要器官前缀名称通用名前(后)缀常用形容词示例心heart cardiao- cardialcardium/carditis/cardiology脑brain encepholo- cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺lung pulmo- pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝liver hepato- hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃stomach gastro- gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology胆gallbladder chole- biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy肠intestine entero- intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾spleen splen- splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy肾kidney nephro- renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology2.与人体系统、器官有关的前(后)缀名称通用名前(后)缀示例血blood hemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管vessel vaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular静脉vein veno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction动脉artery arterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis 肌muscle myo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓marrow myel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神经nerve neur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron细胞cell cyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urine uro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital体body somato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome3.与数字有关的前缀数字前缀示例一(单)mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbondioxide/dipeptide三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride六hexa- hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八 octa- octahedral/octal system九 nona- nonapeptide/nonagon十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter注:十位数的表示一般为:个位数前缀+deca,如:hexadecanol(十六烷醇),tetradecapeptide gastrin(十四肽胃泌素),octadecanoic acid(十八烷酸)4.颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色通用名前缀示例色color chrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer红red erythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白white leuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑black melano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma黄yellow xantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma蓝blue cyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫 violet/purple绿 green棕 brown brown mixture/brown ring橙orange Victoria orange/ethylorange/orange G粉红 pink oink frothy sputum绯红 crimson青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes注:有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义,其前缀都为“cyano-”.5.与疾病和疾患有关的前(后)缀(1)含义前(后)缀形容词示例病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy -pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病态-osis -oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis减少-penia -penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia无a-/an- atypical/anuria/agranulocytopeni a小/微-let droplet/platelet/leafletmicro-microscopy/microorganism/micronu cleus大/巨macro- macroscopic/macronucleus/macroph age-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatome galy复合/多poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemi c6.与疾病和疾患有关的前(后)缀(2)含义前(后)缀示例相反 dis- disease/disorder/disability 困难/障碍dys- dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎症-it is appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/块 -oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血症-emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹-plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出-rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea坏死-necrosis necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermi a结石litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes 7.与方位有关的前缀含义通用词前缀示例上upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下lower/inferior nfra-/sub- infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous 前front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis /pre-后back/posterior post-/retro- posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac 内inner/internal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外outer/external ex-/exo- extract/excretion/exocardial间between inter- intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse 旁/副on the side of para- parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周around peri- perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum 中心central centri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-反/对opposite counter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication注:in vivo/in’vaivou/活体内;invitro/in vaitrou/活体外或试管内;insitu/in’saitju:/原位8.与外科手术有关的前(后)缀含义前(后)缀示例切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切开-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切(割) -tome tracheotome/thoracotome吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形术-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整(矫)形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography经… trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral注:ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀,如:ortho-acid(正酸)-graphy为方法,如:electrocardigraphy心电图检查术;graph为仪器,如:electrocardigraph心电图机;gram为图象,文字,如:electrocardiogram心电图记录。
药学专业英语词汇-词根词缀
专业英语词汇词素(词根)1. haplo,mono,uni :单,一,独haploid 单倍体monoxide一氧化碳monoatomic单原子的2. bi,di,dipl,twi,du ::二,双,两,偶biocolor 双色,dichromatic 双色的,diplobacillus 双杆菌dikaryon 双核体twin :孪生dual 双重的3. tri :三,丙triangle三角triacylglycerol三酰甘油tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环4. quadri,quadru,quart,tetr,tetra:四quadrilateral四边的quadrivalent四价的quadruped四足动物tetrode四极管tetracycline四环素5. pent,penta,quique五pentose戊糖pentagon五角形pentane戊烷quintuple 五倍的pentose 戊糖pentomer五邻粒6. hex,hexa,sex 六hexose已糖hexapod六足动物hexapoda昆虫纲hexamer六聚体7. hepta,sept 七heptane 庚烷heptose 庚糖heptoglobin七珠蛋白8. oct八octpus 章鱼octagon八角形octane 辛烷octase 辛糖9. enne,nona九nonapeptide 九肽enneahedron 九面体10. deca,deka 十:decapod 十足目动物decahedron 十面体decagram 十克11. hecto, 百hectometer百米hectoliter百升hectowatt 百瓦12. kilo,千kilodalton (KD) 千道尔顿kilobase 千碱基kiloelectron volt 千电子伏特13. deci,十分之一,分decimeter 分米decigram 十分之一克14. centi,百分之一15. milli,千分之一,毫millimole 毫摩(尔)milliliter 毫升16. micro,百万分之一,微,微小,微量microgram微克microogranism微生物microecology 微生态学micropipet微量移液器17. nano十亿分之一,毫微,纳nanosecond十亿分之一秒nanometer纳米18. demi,hemi,semi半demibariel 半桶hemicerebrum 大脑半球semiopaque半透明semi-allel 半等位基因semi-conductor半导体19. holo 全,整体,完全holoenzyme 全酶holoprotein全蛋白holocrine全(质分)泌20. mega巨大,兆,百万megaspore大孢子,megabasse兆碱基megakaryocyte巨核细胞megavolt兆伏megalopolitan特大城市21. macro 大,巨大,多macrophage巨噬细胞macrogamete大配子macroelement常量元素macromolecular大分子22. poly,multi,mult 多,复合polyacrylate聚丙烯酸酯polymerase 聚合酶multichain多链的multinucleate 多核的multicistronic mRNA多顺反子mRNA multicopy多拷贝1 chrom颜色chromophore生色团chromosome染色体chromatography色谱法2 melan,melano,nigr 黑melanoma黑素瘤melanin黑色素melanophore黑色素细胞3 xantho,flavo,fla,flavi,lute黄xanthophyl叶黄素xanthous黄色的,黄色人种xathine黄嘌呤flavin黄素flavone黄酮letein 黄体素,叶黄素flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸4 erythro, rub, rubrm, ruf,红erythrocyte红细胞erythromycin红霉素erythropoitin(EPO)促红细胞生成素5 chloro,chlor绿,氯chlorophyll叶绿素chloride氯化物chloramphenicol氯霉素6 cyan,cyano 蓝,青紫色,氰cyanophyceae 蓝藻纲cyanobacteria蓝细菌cyanide氰化物7 aur,glid,chrys金色aureomycin金霉素chrysose 金藻淀粉chrysanthemum菊花glidstone 金沙石glid 镀金8 leu,leuco,leuk,leuko,blan,alb无色,白色leucine亮氨酸leukaemia=leucosis白血病bleaching powder漂白粉albomycin白霉素四表示方位和程度的词素1 endo,ento,内,在内endocrine内分泌endocytosis胞吞作用endogamy近亲繁殖endolysin内溶素entoderm内胚层2 ec, ect, exc, extra 外,外面,表面ectoblast外胚层ectoparasite 外寄生生物extract 抽取,浸出3 meso 中,中间mesosphere 中圈,中层mesoplast 中胚层质4 intra,intro,inter 在内,向内intra-allelic interaction 等位基因内相互作用intracellular(细)胞内的interurban城市之间5 centri,centro,medi,mid 中心,中央,中间centrifuge离心centriole 中心粒centrosome 中心体centrogeng着丝基因6 epi,peri 上,外,旁epidermal growth factor(EGF): 表皮生长因子epibranchial上鳃的perilune近月点7 sub,suc,suf,sug 下,低,小suborder 亚目submucosa粘膜下层subclone亚克隆subcellular亚细胞subsection小节,分部8 super,supra 上,高,超superconductor超导体superfluid 超流体superoxide 超氧化物supramolecular超分子的9 hyper 超过,过多hypersensitive 过敏的hyperelastic 超弹性的hypertension 高血压hyperploid 超倍体10 hypo下,低,次hypoglycaemia 低血糖hypotension低血压hypophysis脑下垂体11 iso 等,相同,同iso-osmotic等渗的isopod等足目动物isotope同位素12 oligo,olig少,低,寡,狭oligohaline 狭盐性oligogene寡基因oligomer寡聚体oligophagous寡食性oligarchy寡头***13 eury 多,宽,广eurythermal 广温的euryhaline广盐性eurytopic species广幅种14 ultr 超ultra-acoustics 超声学ultra-structure超微结构ultroviolet紫外线15 infra 下,低,远infralittoral 潮下带,远岸的infrahuman类人生物infrared红外线的infrastructure基础结构,基本结构五表示动物不同器官和组织的词素1 cephal,capit,cran 头,头颅2 cyte 细胞3 carn,my,mya,myo,肉,肌肉4 haem,haemat,hem,aem,sangul 血5 soma,corp 体,身体6 some,plast 体,颗粒7 hepa,hepat 肝heparin 肝素hepatopancreas肝胰腺hepatocyte 肝细胞hepatoma肝癌8 ren,nephr 肾adrnal肾上腺的nephridia肾管nephron肾单位9 card,cord 心cardiotoxin 心脏毒素cardiovascular center 心血管中枢electrocardiogram心电图concord一致,和谐10 ophthalm,ocell,ocul 眼ophthalmology眼科学ophthalmia眼炎ophthalmologist眼科专家11 branchi 鳃filibranch丝鳃lamellibrnch瓣鳃sencondary branchium次生鳃12 brac ,brachi 腕,手臂brachiolaria 短腕幼虫brachionectin臂粘连蛋白bracelet手镯13 dent,odont 牙齿dentin牙质odontphora 齿舌odontoblast成牙质细胞14 plum羽plumatus 羽状的plumule绒毛plumage (鸟的)羽毛15 foli,foil 叶follicle滤泡foiling叶形foliage 叶子foliose 多叶的药名常用词首ace- 乙(酰基)acet- 醋;醋酸;乙酸acetamido- 乙酰胺基acetenyl- 乙炔基acetoxy- 醋酸基;乙酰氧基acetyl- 乙酰(基)aetio- 初allo- 别allyl- 烯丙(基);CH2=CH-CH2- amido- 酰胺(基)amino- 氨基amyl- ①淀粉②戊(基)amylo- 淀粉andr- 雄andro- 雄anilino- 苯胺基anisoyl- 茴香酰;甲氧苯酰anti- 抗apo- 阿朴;去水aryl- 芳(香)基aspartyl- 门冬氨酰auri- 金(基);(三价)金基aza- 氮(杂)azido- 叠氮azo- 偶氮basi- 碱baso- 碱benxoyl- 苯酰;苯甲酰benzyl- 苄(基);苯甲酰bi- 二;双;重biphenyl- 联苯基biphenylyl- 联苯基bis- 双;二bor- 硼boro- 硼bromo- 溴butenyl- 丁烯基(有1、2、3位三种)butoxyl- 丁氧基butyl- 丁基butyryl- 丁酰caprinoyl- 癸酰caproyl- 己酰calc- 钙calci- 钙calco- 钙capryl- 癸酰capryloyl- 辛酰caprylyl- 辛酰cef- 头孢(头孢菌素族抗生素词首)chlor- ①氯②绿chloro- ①氯②绿ciclo- 环cis- 顺clo- 氯crypto- 隐cycl- 环cyclo- 环de- 去;脱dec- 十;癸deca- 十;癸dehydro- 去氢;去水demethoxy- 去甲氧(基)demethyl- 去甲(基)deoxy- 去氧des- 去;脱desmethyl- 去甲(基)desoxy- 去氧dex- 右旋dextro- 右旋di- 二diamino- 二氨基diazo- 重氮dihydro- 二氢;双氢endo- 桥epi- 表;差向epoxy- 环氧erythro- 红;赤estr- 雌ethinyl- 乙炔(基)ethoxyl- 乙氧(基)ethyl- 乙基etio- 初eu- 优fluor- ①氟②荧光fluoro- ①氟②荧光formyl- 甲酰(基)guanyl- 脒基hepta- 七;庚hetero- 杂hexa- 六;己homo- 高(比原化合物多一个-CH2-)hypo- 次io- 碘indo- 碘iso- 异keto- 酮laevo- 左旋leuco- 白levo- 左旋mercapto- 巯基meso- ①不旋;内消旋②中(间)③中(位)(蒽环的9、10位)meta- ①间(有机系统用名)②偏(无机酸用)methoxy- 甲氧基methyl- 甲基mono- 一;单neo- 新nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九;壬nor- 去甲;降;正nov- 新novo- 新oct- 八;辛octa- 八;辛octo- 八;辛ortho- ①邻(位)②正③原oxalo- 草oxo- 氧[代]oxy- ①氧②羟基(误称,但常用)para- ①对(位)②副(俗名)penta- 五;戊per- ①高②过phen- 苯pheno- 苯phenoxy- 苯氧(基)phenyl- 苯基phospho- 磷;磷酸phosphor- 磷;磷酸phosphoro- 磷;磷酸phyllo- 叶poly- 多;聚propyl- 丙基proto- 原pseudo- 假;伪;拟ribosyl- 核糖基sec- ①另(指CH3CH2CH(CH3)-型烃基②semi- 半silico- 硅strept- 链strepto- 链sulf- 硫sulfa- 磺胺(磺胺类药物词头)sulfo- ①硫[代]②磺基sulph- 硫[代]sulpho- ①硫[代]②磺基tert- ①特(指CH3…C(CH3)2-型烃基)②叔tetra- 四thio- 硫trans- 反(式);转tri- 三undeca- 十一valyl- 缬氨酰(基)vinyl- 乙烯基xantho- 黄色药名常用词尾-al 醛-aldehyde 醛-amide 酰胺-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷-ase 酶-ate ①盐②酯-azide 叠氮;-N3-caine 卡因(局部麻醉药词尾)-carbonyl 羰基-carboxamide 甲酰胺-carboxylic acid 羧酸-cidin 杀……菌素-cillin 青霉素;西林(青霉素族抗生素词尾)-cycline 四环素(四环素族抗生素词尾)-diol ①二醇②二酚-dione 二酮-disulfide 二硫(化物)-ene 烯-enol 烯醇-ester 酯-flavine 黄素-form 仿(俗名词尾)-genin 甙元(旧称配基)-hydrin 醇-ine 碱;素(生物碱词尾)-lactone 内酯-lysin 溶素(俗名词尾)-micin 霉素(抗生素词尾)-mycetin 霉素;菌素(抗生素词尾)-mycin 霉素(抗生素词尾)-nitrile 腈-ol ①醇②酚-olol 心安(心安类药物词尾)-one 酮-ose 糖-oside 糖甙-oxide 氧;氧化物-oyl 酰-quine 奎(俗名尾词)-sporin 孢菌素(抗生素词尾)-sullide 硫(化物)-sulfone 砜-sulfoxide 亚砜-thioic acid 硫代酸-thione 硫酮-thione 硫酮-toxin 毒-triol 三醇-tropin 托品(俗名尾词)-urea 脲-xanthin 黄质-yl 基(一价基)-yne 炔。
医药英语词汇-词根词缀
●scopy= scop + y●stomy=stom + y●uria=ur + ia●emia = em + ia GastrorrhagiaDiarrhea ElectrocardiographElectrocardiogramMelanocyte HemoglobinErythroblast LeukoblastBlastocyteDermat/o/pathyhemophiliaPoliomyelitishemiplegiahaplo- =oneAmphi-, ampho- = double, both●primary carbon atom: one carbon neighbor●secondary carbon atom: two carbon neighbors●tertiary carbon atom: three carbon neighbors●quaternary carbon atom: four carbon neighbors PentagastrinSympatheticaluminumcalciummagnesiumargentumhepat / itisasepticantidotedeoxidationoligo/saccharideab/articulationtransfusionana/bolism cata/bolismpan/aceaeu/karyo/cytedys/bolism⏹coron/o: coronarycoronary heart diseasegastroenteritiscommon coldsThe Vascular Systemcapillariesangio/tensinvasoconstriction⏹Vas/o: blood vesselVasodilationsmooth muscle平滑肌angiotensinarterio/stenosis⏹ven/o, phleb/o: veinphlebitiscapillar/ectasiacapillary angi/oma⏹hem/o, hemat/o, em = blood hematocyto/peniaan/em/iahemo/globinhaptenAntigen determinant抗原决定簇plasma cellsimmunoglobulins⏹phag/o: swallowphagocytebacteriophageAIDS= acquired immune deficiency syndromecytoplasmneoplasma : tumorsaccharide and nucleic acidTriose, Tetrose, Pentose, Hexose, Heptose, Octose, Nonose, Decose,Oligosaccharide:lactose sucroseGlyco/gen根据functionStructural polysaccharides :celluloseStorage polysaccharides ;glycogen根据componentHomopolysaccharide:Heteropolysaccharide:Proteins are macromolecules made of amino acids and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acidresidues.Each amino acid contains:(1) Carboxyl group (-COOH-)(2) Amino group (-NH2)(3) Side chain (R) unique to each amino acid1.Bio/catalysis2.metabolic regulation代谢调节3.immunol protection免疫保护4.Transportation运输5.Structural or mechanical functionsZymogen or proenzyme is an active enzyme precursor.Pepsinogenblood clotting factorscoagulationACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitorNucleic acid is composed of nucleotide. Each nucleotide consists of three components: a nitrogenous heterocyclic base, which is either a purine or a pyrimidine; a pentose; and a phosphate group.RNA is ribonucleic acid composed of adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil and D-ribose.DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid composed of adenine, guanine, cytosine ,thymine and deoxyribose. Both ribose and deoxyribose are pentose.•base pairsGenes are sequences of DNA which serve as blueprints for the production of proteins in all living things.DNA is composed of six molecules: sugars, phosphates and four bases.Genetic engineering is a process where genetic material (DNA) is taken from one organism and inserted into the cells of another organism. Genetic engineering also can be the rearrangement of gene location or the removal of genes.Basic steps in genetic engineering1.Isolate the gene2.Insert it in a host using a vector3.Produce as many copies of the host as possible4.Separate and purify the product of the gene Endonuclease exo/nucle/aseVector传病媒介Plasmid质体,质粒:an extra-chromosomal DNA molecule separate from the chromosomal DNA which is capable of replicating independently of the chromosomal DNA.chromatin. 染色质1.DNA replication2.Transcription转录to messenger RNA (mRNA)3.RNA processing4. Protein translationIntron: 内含子is a DNA region within a gene that is not translated into protein. These non-coding sections are transcribed to precursor mRNA and subsequently removed in splicing.Extron:外显子 a DNA region that can be translatedinto protein, it is present in the mature mRNA mRNA =messenger RNA(ribonucleic acid)]信使RNA,信使核糖核酸tRNA transfer ribonucleic acid]转移核糖核酸,转移codons密码子Ribosomes: are large RNA-protein complexes that can hold on to an mRNA strand plus two tRNAs at a timetemplate polypeptide chains.colon and rectum⏹stomat/o:口,口腔stomatitis, stomatoscopy⏹salivary amylase 唾液淀粉酶,涎液素,唾液淀粉酶1odont/o:Oligo/dont/ia PeriodontitisVaso/dilator 血管舒张及esophagus eso- = inside, inwardphag/o= swallowesogastritis 胃黏膜炎pepsin/o/genPept/i, peps/i: digestionpeptic ulcer: dys/peps/iagastrelcosispancreas 胰腺bi/carbon/ate 碳酸氢盐bile chole/sterol, phosph/o/lipids?cecum, appendixdysenteryenteric coated tabletrect/o: rectum rectal administrationhepat/o: liverhepat/atrophy/ia: Atrophy of the liverhepat/oma: liver cancerhyper/bili/rubin/em/ia 高胆红素血,血胆红素过多chol/emelan/choly 忧郁症melancholic (gloomy), choleric (irritable), protists 原生生物eu/karyote pro/karyotesparasitology ? path/o/genicecto/enzyme胞外酶,外酶 syn/apse 突触epi/thelial 上皮的 para/site寄生虫peri/hepat/itis肝周炎pre/synapticoligodontia少牙畸形meso/derm ecto/cardia myel/oma-o/dynia = Pain Gastro/dyniapenia = Decrease, Not Enough Thromb/o/cyt/o/penia Dia/rrhea-ostomy = to form a new opening (surgical)-blast = Embryonic, Immature CellMelan/o/blastPath/o ,-pathy= Disease Path/o/logy-stasis= to stop or prevent Chole/stasis-cide= to kill Fungi/cide杀菌剂-phil,-philic=love, friendship hemophilia血友病-phobe, phobic= fear Hydro/phobicMelano- = blackChloro- = green an/erythro/chlorops/iaCyano- = blue cyano/bacteriaPolio- = pale, grey Polio/myel/itisVio- = purplehemi/plegia 偏瘫di/mer endoplasmicAmphi-, ampho- = double, both amphoteric 两性的,酸碱兼性的Amphi/philic 两亲的45678910Tetra- Pento- Hexa- Hepta- Octo- octo/pus Nona- = nona/merDeca- = decahydroquinolineHolo- = whole Holo/enzymeMero- = part mero/necrosisHostPseudo/membraneHyper/ glycaem /iacarcinogenssecondary immunodeficiencyprimary immunodeficiencyfight-or-flight” responseparacrineexocrine autocrinesomato/tropin plasma membrane peptid/ o glycan。
药学英语词根词缀
1. 元素(Element)名称◆IA•Hydrogen•Lithium•Sodium•Potassium•Rubidium•Cesium•Francium◆IIA•Beryllium•Magnesium•Calcium•Strontium•Barium•Radium◆IIIA•Boron•Aluminium•Gallium•Indium•Thallium◆IV A•Carbon•Silicon•Germanium•Tin•Lead◆V A•Nitrogen•Phosphorus•Arsenic•Antimony•Bismuth◆VIA•Oxygen•Sulfur•Selenium•Tellurium•Polonium◆VIIA•Fluorine•Chlorine•Bromine•Iodine•Astatine◆0•Helium•Neon•Argon•Krypton•Xenon•Radon•个别元素名称•Fe : iron•Mn: manganese•Cu: copper•Zn: zinc•Hg: mercury•Ag: silver•Au: gold⏹表示原子个数时使用前缀:mono-di-tri-tetra-penta-hexa-hepta-octa-nona-deca-➢acet-醋;醋酸;乙酸➢acetyl- 乙酰(基)➢alkyl- 烷基➢am(yl)- 戊(基)➢anti- 抗➢benzo- 苯➢phenyl苯基➢bi- 二;双;重➢bio- 生物的➢bromo- 溴➢cardio-心➢chem(o)化学➢chlor- 氯➢com(n)- 共同的➢cyclo- 环➢Co- 共同➢de- 去;脱➢dehydro- 去氢;去水demethoxy-去甲氧(基)➢demethyl- 去甲(基)➢deoxy- 去氧➢des- 去;脱➢desmethyl-去甲(基)➢desoxy- 去氧➢di- 二➢endo- 内,在内➢epoxy- 环氧➢ethyl- 乙基➢fluor- ①氟②荧光➢gen-产生、源头➢gly(u)- 糖➢glyco糖➢hetero- 杂➢hexa- 六;己➢hepta- 七;庚➢homo- 同类的➢hydro-氢的,水的➢hyper高➢hypo低➢immuno-免疫➢iso- 异➢lipo-脂肪➢in- 在…之内/表否定➢intra- 在…之内➢Iso等同的➢macro- 大环,巨大➢methyl- 甲基➢micro- 微/小的➢mono单、一➢nitro- 硝基/氮➢non- 非➢nor- 去甲➢nano- 纳米➢neo新➢octa- 八;辛➢olig(o)-寡➢organ(o)-有机、器官➢ox(o)- 氧[代]➢penta- 五;戊➢per- ①高②过➢phenyl- 苯基➢phosphor- 磷;磷酸➢poly- 多;聚➢prop(yl)-丙基➢pro- 前、原➢pseudo- 假/伪➢Pharmaco 药➢pharma-药➢physi(o)生理➢phyto植物➢pseudo伪➢rate- 速率➢re重复➢semi- 半➢sesqui倍半➢silico- 硅➢stereo- 立体➢sulf- ①硫[代]②磺基➢sub在…下➢tri-三➢tetra四➢un-不➢ultra超过➢vinyl-乙烯基常见的二元化合物有卤化物,氧化物,硫化物,氮化物,磷化物,碳化物,金属氢化物等,命名时需要使用后缀-idefluoride, chloride,bromide, iodide,oxide, sulfide,nitride, phosphide,carbide, hydrideOH-的名称用后缀-ide: hydroxide无氧酸命名规则:hydro-词根-ic acid前后缀的不同组合显示不同价态的含氧酸和含氧酸根阴离子价态相同的含氧酸及含氧酸根阴离子具有相同的前缀,不同的后缀高某酸per-词根-ic正酸词根-ic亚酸词根-ous次酸hypo-ous高某酸根per-词根-ate正酸根词根-ate亚酸根词根-ite次酸根hypo-词根-ite⏹其它的前缀还有ortho-正meta-偏thio-硫代⏹剂型名称aerosol气雾剂decoction汤剂emulsion乳剂ointment软膏剂patch贴剂pills丸剂Suppository 栓剂suspension混悬剂tablet片剂paste糊剂powder散剂。
医学单词词根
医学单词词根以下是医学单词词根的内容,供参考:一、解剖学词根1.oste-:表示骨骼,如osteitis(骨炎)。
2.-oss-:表示骨骼,如ossicle(小骨)。
3.synde-:表示连接,如syndesmosis(韧带)。
4.-chondr-:表示软骨,如chondritis(软骨炎)。
二、生理学词根1.-physio-:表示生理现象,如physiology(生理学)。
2.-aniso-:表示不对称,如anismus(肌肉运动障碍)。
3.-metab-:表示代谢,如metabolism(新陈代谢)。
4.-hormo-:表示激素,如hormone(激素)。
三、病理学词根1.-patho-:表示病状,如pathology(病理学)。
2.-necro-:表示坏死,如necrosis(坏死)。
3.-inflam-:表示炎症,如inflammation(炎症)。
4.-sarco-:表示肉瘤,如sarcoma(肉瘤)。
四、药理学词根1.-pharmac-:表示药物,如pharmacology(药理学)。
2.-analges-:表示镇痛,如analgesic(镇痛剂)。
3.-toxic-:表示有毒的,如toxin(毒素)。
4.-antimicrobial:表示抗菌的,如antimicrobial agent(抗菌剂)。
五、临床医学词根1.-clinic-:表示临床的,如clinic(诊所)。
2.-diagnost-:表示诊断的,如diagnostic(诊断的)。
3.-therap-:表示治疗的,如therapy(治疗法)。
4.-prophylaxis:表示预防的,如prophylaxis(预防措施)。
六、疾病名称词根1.-encephal-:表示脑部疾病,如encephalitis(脑炎)。
2.-cardio-:表示心脏疾病,如cardiology(心脏病学)。
3.-nephro-:表示肾脏疾病,如nephritis(肾炎)。
医学英语词汇(词根、词缀)
Ⅱ前缀Post—后postpartum 产后De- 去dehydration 脱水Hyper—高hyperuricemia 高尿酸血症Pre—前premature 发生在适当时间之前的Myo- 肌myoglolinemia 肌红蛋白血症Tetra—四tetrachloride 四氯化Re- 重复Replicate 复制Poly- 多Polymerase 聚合酶Deoxy- 脱氧Deoxyribonucleotide 脱氧核糖核苷酸Trans—转移Transferase 转移酶di—二Phosphodiester 磷酸二酯Pro- 原proinsulin 胰岛素原Tachy—快Tachycardia 心动过速Lipo- 脂Lipophilic 亲脂的Hydro—水Hydrophilic 亲水的Entero—肠Enterohepatic 肠肝的Ar—非,失常Arrhythmogenic 致心律失常的bi—二Bigeminy 二联律Dis—缺乏Disorientation 定向力缺乏Auto- 自动automaticity 自律性Extra—外extracellular 细胞外的Non—非nontraumatic 非创伤性的Epi—上epigastrium 上腹部的Peri—周围periumbilical 脐周Para—旁paracolic 结肠旁Hemat- 血hematemesis 呕血Intra—内intramural 壁内的Ipsi- 同ipsilateral 同侧的Oro- 口oropharynx 口咽部Hepato- 肝hepatosplenomegaly 肝脾肿大Dys—困难dyspneic 呼吸困难的Brady- 过缓bradycardia 心动过缓Naso- 鼻nasopharygeal 鼻咽的Encephalo- 脑Encephalomenigitis 脑膜脑炎Myo—肌myocarditis 心肌炎Gastro—胃gastroenteritis 胃肠炎Ovi- 卵oviduct 输卵管Endo- 内endometrium 子宫内膜Radio—放射radioimmunoassay 放射免疫测定Nulli- 未nullipara 未产妇a- 无、非amenorrhea 闭经-ectomy 切除术hysterectomy 子宫切除术Bronchi- 支气管bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Neo- 新neoplasm 新生物Lympho—淋巴lymphoma 淋巴瘤Tetra—四tetracycline 四环素Hypo- 低hypogammaglobulinaemia 低γ—球蛋白血症Micro—微microangiopathy 微血管病变Retino- 视网膜retinopathy 视网膜病变后缀—megaly 肿大hepatosplenomegaly 肝脾肿大-centesis 穿刺术thoracentesis 胸腔穿刺术—emia 血症hyperuricemia 高尿酸血症—itis 炎症pancreatitis 胰腺炎-ase 酶Transferase 转移酶-lysis 分解proteolysis 蛋白分解-philic 亲Lipophilic 亲脂的-genic 致arrhythmogenic 致心律失常的-rrhea 溢galactorrhea 溢乳—stasis 稳定homeostasis 体内环境稳定—scopy 镜检查laparoscopy 腹腔镜检查—otomy 切开术colpotomy 阴道穹隆切开术-pathy 病变retinopathy 视网膜病变—ist 者、专家ophthalmologist 眼科医师解剖:解剖学术语前缀含义举例a-an—不,不是,非,没有,少azygos: 不成对的部分,无对偶的部分,单一器an tibacterial:抗生素ante—在…之前,…前的antecubital: 肋前的anti—反抗,治疗的anti bacterial: 抗生素circum—环,周围circum ferential fibers: 环型纤维contra—反抗,逆对contra lateral: 对侧的ec-出,偏离ec ctopic: 异位的endo- 内部的,内在的endoscope: 内窥镜epi—在上,向epi dural: 硬膜的ex- 出,从,来的ex cise: 切除extra—天,…外的extradural:硬膜外的hyper- 过好的,超出平常的hyperlordosis: 过度前凸ermal (pertaining to upon the skin)hypo—不足的,在…下的hypokyphosis: 后凸平足,平背畸形infra-在…下infra laminar:椎板下节inter- 在…之间intercostal:肋间intra—在…之内intradural: 硬膜下ipsi—相同的ipsi lateral: 同侧的mal—病态的,平启的mal union: 骨接合不正medi- 中间的medi al:中间的para- 不正常的,延…的,附近的para esthesia(or paresthesia):感觉异常peri- 围绕,附近的peri neural: 神经外膜post- 之后,在…后post operative:术后的pre—之前,在…前preoperative:术前准备pseudo—假的pseudoarthrosis(or pseudarthr-osis):假关节retro—向后,回复retro peritoneal: 腹膜后的semi—半semi lunar:半月型的sub- 之下,在…之下subcutaneous: 皮下的supra—之上supralaminar:椎板上syn—共,合syn ostosis:骨连接trans- 穿过trans peritoneal: 经腹膜常用后缀-algia 疼痛arthralgia: 关节痛—clasis 断,折断osteoclasis: 骨破折-desis 固定( 关节或骨头) arthrodesis:关节固定术关节融合术—ectomy 切除laminectomy:椎板切除术—emia 血anemia:贫血—genesis 形成,起源osteogensis: 骨发生—itis 炎症arthitis: 关节炎—lysis 分解,松解osteolysis:骨吸收,骨质溶解—malacia 软化chrondromalacia: 轻骨软化—oid 类似osteoid:骨样的-oma 肿瘤sarcoma: 肉瘤-otomy 切,截osteotomy:截骨术-paresis 半,部分麻痹hemiparesis:半身麻痹-path(y) 病neuropathy: 神经病肥大—penia 不止,减少osteopenia:骨质减少-plasia 生长,形成hyperplasia:增生,过度增生-plasty 手术修复cranioplasty: 颅骨成形术-scope 检查设备thoracocscope: 胸腔镜—scopy 用设备检查thoracoscopy:胸腔镜检查-stenosis 狭窄的spinal stenosis: 椎管狭窄-tome 切割器械ostetome: 骨力—tomy 切,截osteotomy: 截骨术—trophy 食物,营养hypetrophy: 过度生长常用的前缀第一节表示无,抗,非的前缀一.a—,an-无,非。
医学英语词根词缀大全
医学英语词根词缀Suffix Meaning Example-ac pertaining to cardiac: pertaining to the heart属于,关于心脏(病)的-al pertaining to medical: pertaining to medicine-ar pertaining tomolecular: pertaining to a molecule 分子的-ary pertaining to ciliary: pertaining to the ciliabelonging to 睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的-ase enzyme 酶amylase: any enzyme that converts starch to sugar淀粉酶-cle smallness follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac小,少,贫乏,小气小囊,(头发的)毛囊-e an instrument 仪器auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear (检查耳朵用的)耳镜-eal pertaining tolaryngeal: pertaining to the larynx 喉的,喉音的-ia condition; quality phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧,害怕-ic pertaining to toxic: pertaining to toxin 有毒的;因中毒引起的-ics study of; name of a science paediatrics: study of children, their development anddiseases 儿科学-ine/in substance 物质insulin :substance (hormone) produced by theislets of Langerhans in the pancreas胰岛素-ism process or condition alcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol whichbecomes addictive 酒精中毒-ist one who specializes in pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the 精通于……的人study of drugs 药理专家-itis inflammation refers to a part in rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages ……部位的炎症鼻炎,鼻粘膜炎-(i)um relation to a whole; related toendometrium: inner lining of the uter 子宫内膜与……相关-ive characterizes by antitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing 止咳药」-let tiny; small droplet: a tiny drop 小滴-ment the result or product of an action development: thing which develops or is beingdeveloped; action of becoming mature-oid resembling; like mucoid: resembling mucus像粘液样的-ole little; small centriole: the small dense structure in the middleof the centrosome细胞中心粒;中心体-oma-or/-er -ory -ose -osis -ous-somes -um-y tumor; swelling refers to a doereither a person or thingcharacterized by; pertaining tosugarabnormal conditionpertaining tobodiesstructure; thing; substance结构,物质condition; act; processdermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin皮肤纤维瘤receptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds tovarious stimuli感受器,受体suspensory: which is hanging down悬吊式,悬带fructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some fruit果糖onychocryptosis: abnormal condition of a hidden nail嵌甲poisonous: pertaining to poison; also containingpoison 有母的,分泌毒素的ribosome: the body of nucleic acid 核糖体magnesium: a white metallic chemical substance 镁(金属元素)or metabolism 营养不艮The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixesSuffix Meaning Example-algia pain; painful; condition arthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛--ase enzyme protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶-blast embryo胚,胚胎,人类胚胎hemocytoblast: blast cell血胚细胞,原始血细胞-carcinoma malignant tumor developing fromadenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing connective tissue 相关组织的恶性from glandular tissue 腺癌肿瘤-cele protrusion; distention 突出;膨胀,esophagocele: abnormal distention of the延伸esophagus食管突出-centesis surgical puncture 手术穿孔paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for theaspiration of fluid 穿刺术-capnia carbon dioxide 二氧化碳acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏-cide kill germicide: (substance) which can kill germs杀菌剂-clast cell phagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell,which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌细胞-dynia pain glossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛-ectasia/ expansion; dilation(膨胀,扩张) atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lungs at-ectasis birth 肺不张fluid 水肿gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone粘液腺瘤病,粘液水肿-emia blood condition leukemia: any of several malignant diseases where-emesis vomiting 呕吐an abnormal number of leucocytes form in the blood 白血病hematemesis: the vomiting of blood 咯血;吐血-gen something that produced orpathogen: a microorganism or agent capable of-genesis prouducesproduction 生产producing disease 病菌,病原体spermatogenesis: formation and development of-globin protein 蛋白质spermatozoa in the testes 精了发生hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced-gnosis knowledge by erythrocytes 血红素diagnosis: the process of identifying the nature or-gram image; picturepresence of a disease through knowledge andexaminationelectrocardiogram: a graphic record of the electrical activity of heart muscle or heartbeat used in the diagnosis of heart disease.Abbr. ECG and EKG Syn. cardiogram心电图-graph(y)process of recording electocardiography: the process of making or记录过程recording electrocardiograms. Syn. cardiography 心电图记录-iasis condition; state情况,状况cholelithiasis: the formation of gallstones 胆石症-iatry/ healing, frequently refers to apodiatry: treatment of foot disorders-iatrics branch of medicine 康复,学的一个分支常指医足部医疗-lith stone cholelith: a gallstone; a stone formed in thegallbladder 胆结石-logy the study of cytology: the science study of cells 细胞学-logist one who studies and treats urologist: a physician who specializes in the practiceof urology 泌尿科医生-lysis breakdown, destruction hemolysis: the destruction or breakdown of red bloodcells with release of hemoglobin 溶血-malacia softening osteomalacia: softening of bone 骨软化-mania extreme compulsion orkleptomania: a morbid, uncontrollable compulsion preoccupation 强迫症to steal盗窃癖-megaly giant acromegaly: a condition in which there is anenlargement of the facial bones as well as those of thelungs肢端肥大症-metry/ measurement spirometry: measurement of the volume of air-meter inhaled and exhaled or the air capacity of the lungs肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法)-odynia pain cardiodynia: pain in the heart region 心痛,胸痛-one hormone荷尔蒙,激素parathormone: which regulates calcium balanceamong the blood, bones, and teeth 甲状旁腺激素-opia a defect in the eye眼睛的毛病myopia: being short-sighted 近视-opsy to view biopsy: excision of live tissue for microscopicdiagnosis 活检-osis morbid condition 病态的sclerosis: abnormal hardening 硬化症-osmia smell anosmia: loss of the sense of smell 嗅觉丧失-ostomy process of making an opening intogastrostomy: surgical construction of an opening or a connection between from the surface of the abdomen into the stomach造屡胃造口术-oxia level of oxygen 氧水平hypoxia: a low oxygen level or a lack of oxygen inbody tissues组织缺氧-pathy disease; diseased condition ophthalmopathy: any eye disease 眼病-penia deficiency leukopenia: deficiency of leukocytes in the blood.Syn. leukocytopenia白细胞减少症-pepsia digestion eupepsia: good digestion 消化良好--pexy a fixing or setting firmly in place byhepatopexy: surgical fixation of a displace liver 月干suturing缝合固定固定术-phagia/phag eating; swallowing 吃,吞咽dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing 吞咽困难y-phil attraction 吸弓|,具有吸弓[力的事物basophil: type of leucocyte or white blood cellwhich contains granules 嗜碱性粒细胞-phobia fear xenophobia: irrational fear of strangers 对夕卜国人的恐惧,憎恶-plasia formation; development hyperplasia: overdevelopment or enlargement of anorgan or tissue增生,数量型肥大-phonia voice dysphonia: difficulty in speaking 发声困难-plasm formation; growth or substance ofcytoplasm: jelly substance in the cell 细胞浆formation-plasty surgical repair osteoplasty: surgical repair of the bone 骨整形术,骨成形术--plegia stroke; paralysis 中风thermoplegia: heat or sunsrtoke 热射病-pnea breathing eupnea: normal breathing呼吸正常,平静呼吸--ptosis a falling, the dropping or sagging ofhepatoptosis: abnormally low position of the liver an organ器官下移肝下垂-ptysis spitting 分散melanoptysis: spitting of the spleen 黑色痰液;咳黑痰-poiesis production hemopoiesis: production of blood cells 造血作用,生血作用-rrhage/ bursting forth of blood 出血menorrhagia: very heavy bleeding during-rrhagia menstruation月经过多-rrhaphy surgical sewing or suturing splenorrhaphy: suture of the spleen 脾修补术-rrhea overflow hydrorrhea: watery discharge 液溢-(o)rrhexis splitting or rupture 撕裂,破裂,疝amniorrhexis: rupture of the amniotic ac 气羊膜破裂-sarcoma -schesis-sclerosis -scope-scopy -spasm-stasis-stenosis -stomy-tention -therapy--tion-tocia-tome-tomy-tropia -trophy malignant tumor developing fromliposarcoma: malignant tumor containing fat connective tissue 脂肪肉瘤a holding back; suppression ofuroschesis: suppression of urine 闭尿,尿潴留discharge阻碍;抑制排放a hardening dermatosclerosis: hardening of the skin 硬皮病instrument for viewing stethoscope: an instrument for performingmedicate ausculation 听诊器process of examining visually hepatoscopy: examination of the liver 肝检查involuntary contraction angiospasm: sudden contraction of the muscles ina blood vessel血管痉挛suppression; stoppage; control;hemostasis: the arrest of bleedingarrest抑制,中止止血,止血法abnormal narrowing of a duct orlaryngostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the larynxcanal管、道德异常狭窄喉狭窄surgical opening to the outside ofcolostomy: surgical operation to make an opening the body 造口from the colon 结肠造口术pressure hypertention: high blood pressure 高血压treatment physiotherapy: treatment of disease by physicalmeans物理疗法process hospitalization: the process of being hosipitalized住院labor; birth 生产embryotocia: abortion 流产tool for incision arthrotome: instrument for cutting a joint 关节刀organ 器官的营养、发育or metabolism 营养不艮-uria a condition of the urine (小便) dysuria: difficultly in passing urine 排尿困难-version turning eversion: a turning outward 夕卜翻,翻转Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixesPrefix Meaning Examplea-/an- without; not aphasia: the inability to understand written orspoken words or to speak meaningfully 失语症ab- away from abortion: expulsion from the uterus 流产ad- to; toward; near adnasal: near the nose 近鼻的acro- a point or tip acronyx: growing into the flesh 嵌甲alb- white albino: a person lacking normal pigmentation 白发病者amb-/ both ambisexual、bisexual: (person) who is sexually ambi- attracted to both males and famales 双性恋amphi-/ both; both sides amphicentric: beginning and ending in the sameanabolism: process of building up complex chemical substances on the basis of simpler ones 合成代谢angioma: benign tumor formed of blood vessel 血 管瘤antenatal: during the period between conception and childbirth出生前的,怀孕期的antidepressant: (drug) used to treat depression 抗 抑郁剂 audiometry: science of testing hearing 听力测定 autoantibody: antibody formed to attack the body’s ownce|M :& 抗体bicellular: two cells 两室的biochemistry: chemistry living tissues 生物化学 bradycardia: slow rate of heart contraction, shown by a slow pulse rate 心动过缓carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance 致癌物 cataract: condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes hard and opaque 白内障 centimeter: unit of measurement of length(=one hundredth of a meter)厘米consanguineous: blood relationship 血亲的,血缘 的,密切的contraception: prevention of pregnancy by using devices or drugs 避孕法,节育法decaffeinated: (coffee) with the caffeine removed 脱去咖啡因的decagram: ten grams 十克deciliter: unit of measurement of liquid(=one tenth of a little)1/10 公升diglossia: a double tongue 使用两种语言 diathermy: process of (treating) through heat透热疗法disintegrate: to come to pieces 分解,破裂 dysarthrosis: deformity or malformation of a joint 关节变形echocardiography: ultrasonography of the heart 心 回波描记,超声心动描记术ecchondroma: benign tumor on the surface of cartilage or bone外生软骨瘤enostosis: benign growth inside a bone 内生骨疣 endocardium: membrane which lines the heart 心 内膜 epidermis: outer layer of skin 表皮ana- Angio- ante- anti-audi- auto- bibio-brady- carcin- cata- centi- co(n)-contra- dedeca-deci- di- dia-dis- dys-echo- ect-/ ecto- en- endo-epi-up; back againa blood vessel before against hearing; sound self two; twiceliving organisms 生命体 slowcarcinoma or cancer 癌;瘤 downwards; under; against; along withone hundredth 百分之一 with or togetheragainstremoval or lossten tenthtwothrough; between; apart; across reversal or separate bad;difficult; disordered soundoutside or outer in; withininside on; overery- red erythrocyte: mature non-nucleated red blood cell 红细胞eso- inward; within(向内)esotropia: turning inward of the eye 内斜视eu- good eugenics: study of how to improve the human race bygenetic selection 优生学ex-/ exo- out of exhale: to breath out 呼出extra- outside extracapsular: outside a capsule 囊夕卜的hemi- half hemiplegia: severe paralysis affecting one side of thebody偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂hydro- water hydrocele: collection of watery liquid found in acavity such as the scrotum 阴囊积水hyper- higher or too much hyperglycaemia: excess of glucose in the blood 高血糖症hypo- less or too little hypokalaemia: deficiency of potassium in the blood低血钾in- in or into inbreeding: breeding between a closely related maleand female 近亲交配in- not incoherent: not able to speak in a way which makessense 语无伦次infra- below or beneath infrapatellar: below or beneath the patella 髌inter- between interlobular: between lobules 小叶间的intra- inside intramedullary: inside the bone marrow or spinal cord髓内itro- into introvert: person who thinks only about himself andhis own mental state 性格内向的人mal- bad or abnormal malfunction: abnormal working of an argan 机器等运转失常;失灵;出现故障meta- changes metaplasia: change of one tissue to another 化生,转化,组织变形micro- very small microcyte: abnormally small red blood cell 小红细胞mid- middle midcarpal: between the two rows of carpal bones 腕骨间的milli- one thousandth milligram: unit of measurement of weight 毫克mis- error or wrong miscarriage: spontaneous abortion 流产multi- many multigravida: a woman who is pregnant and has beenpregnant at least twice before 经产孕妇noct- at night nocturia: passing abnormally large quantity of urinewhen asleep in bed at night 夜尿症nona- nine or the nineth nonagon: flat shape which has nine sides 九边形octa- eight octan: every eight days八日热;每隔八日发一次的odont- teeth odontology: study of teeth and associated structures,and their disordersonco- tumours oncology: scientific study of new gowths 肿瘤学oro- mouthorolingual: pertaining to the mouth and tongue 口与舌的pachy- thickening pachysomia: condition where soft tissues of the body becomeabnormally thick 躯体肥厚pali-/ against; pathologic repetition ^^palindromic: (disease) which recurspalin- 的重复复发的,再发的pan-/pant-/ all pancytopenia: abnormal depression of all thepanto- cellular elements of the blodd 全血细胞减少症para- similar to or near; changed orparalyse or paralyze: to weaken (muscles) so thatbeyond they cannot function 使麻痹,使瘫痪pen-/ five pentosuria: excretion of pentoses in the urinepenta- 戊糖尿per- through percutaneous: done or administered through the skin经皮的,由皮的peri- aroundpericystitis: inflammation of tissue around the bladder膀胱周炎pero- deformed or defective 畸形有缺陷peromelia: congenital deformity of the limbs的四肢不全pharmaco- drugspharmacology: study of drugs or medicines, and their action,properties and characteristics 药理学,药物学pleo-/ too many pleokaryocyte: condition where a greater thanpleio- normal number of cells in cerebrospinal fluid 多核细胞pluri- morepluriglandular: pertaining to or affecting several glands多线性的pneum-/ air or the lungs; breathing pneumonia: inflammation of a lungpneunmo- 肺炎poly- touching many organs polyphagia: condition where a patient eats too much; morbid desirefor every king of food 多食症,杂食症post- after or later postprandial: after a meal 餐后的pre- before of in front ofpremature: early or before the normal time 过早的,早产presby- old age presbyopia: an old person's sight fai瑙gradually花眼pro-/ before or in front of prognosis: prediction of the outcome of a diseasesupin-/ lying on the back 预测;预后pron- bend forwardquadri-/ four quadruplet or quad: one of four babies born to aquint- five/fifth mother at the same time 四胞胎radio- ray or radiation radiotherapy: treating a disease by exposing the affected part toradioactive 放射疗法semi- half semiptosis: the downward sagging of half or partof an organ轻度睑下垂sub- under submucous: under the mucous membrane 粘膜卜层的;粘膜下的super- above; extremely superalbuminosis: abnormal increase of albumin白蛋白过多syn- with; joint syndesmosis: joint where the ones are tightlylinked by ligaments 韧带联合supra- tachy- tetra- above; over suprarenal: (situated) above a kidney 肾上腺fast tachycardia: rapid beating of the heart 心动过速four tetracycline: antibiotic used to treat a wide rangeof bacterial diseases 四环素trans- across; through; beyond transmission: the transfer, as of a disease, fromone person to another 传染tri ultra- three tricephalus: a fetus with three heads 三头畸胎beyond; excess ultrasonics: the science dealing with ultrasonicsound waves超声波学uni- xen(o)- one uniglandular: affecting only one gland 单腺的strange; foreign xenograft: a graft of tissue transplant betweenanimals of different species 异种移植物。
医学英语词汇(词根、词缀)
Ⅱ前缀Post-后postpartum产后De-去dehydration脱水Hyper-高hyperuricemia高尿酸血症Pre-前premature发生在适当时间之前的Myo-肌myoglolinemia肌红蛋白血症Tetra-四tetrachloride四氯化Re-重复Replicate复制Poly-多Polymerase聚合酶Deoxy-脱氧Deoxyribonucleotide脱氧核糖核苷酸Trans-转移Transferase转移酶di-二Phosphodiester磷酸二酯Pro-原proinsulin胰岛素原Tachy-快Tachycardia心动过速Lipo-脂Lipophilic亲脂的Hydro-水Hydrophilic亲水的Entero-肠Enterohepatic肠肝的Ar-非,失常Arrhythmogenic致心律失常的bi-二Bigeminy二联律Dis-缺乏Disorientation定向力缺乏Auto-自动automaticity自律性Extra-外extracellular细胞外的Non-非nontraumatic非创伤性的Epi-上epigastrium上腹部的Peri-周围periumbilical脐周Para-旁paracolic结肠旁Hemat-血hematemesis呕血Intra-内intramural壁内的Ipsi-同ipsilateral同侧的Oro-口oropharynx口咽部Hepato-肝hepatosplenomegaly肝脾肿大Dys-困难dyspneic呼吸困难的Brady-过缓bradycardia心动过缓Naso-鼻nasopharygeal鼻咽的Encephalo-脑Encephalomenigitis 脑膜脑炎Myo-肌myocarditis心肌炎Gastro-胃gastroenteritis胃肠炎Ovi-卵oviduct输卵管Endo-内endometrium子宫内膜Radio-放射radioimmunoassay放射免疫测定Nulli-未nullipara未产妇a-无、非amenorrhea闭经-ectomy切除术hysterectomy子宫切除术Bronchi-支气管bronchiectasis支气管扩张Neo-新neoplasm新生物Lympho-淋巴lymphoma淋巴瘤Tetra-四tetracycline四环素Hypo-低hypogammaglobulinaemia低γ-球蛋白血症Micro-微microangiopathy微血管病变Retino-视网膜retinopathy视网膜病变后缀-megaly肿大hepatosplenomegaly肝脾肿大-centesis穿刺术thoracentesis胸腔穿刺术-emia血症hyperuricemia高尿酸血症-itis炎症pancreatitis胰腺炎-ase酶Transferase转移酶-lysis分解proteolysis蛋白分解-philic亲Lipophilic 亲脂的-genic致arrhythmogenic致心律失常的-rrhea溢galactorrhea溢乳-stasis稳定homeostasis体内环境稳定-scopy镜检查laparoscopy 腹腔镜检查-otomy切开术colpotomy 阴道穹隆切开术-pathy 病变 retinopathy 视网膜病变-ist 者、专家ophthalmologist 眼科医师解剖:解剖学术语前缀含义举例a-an- 不,不是,非,没有,少azygos: 不成对的部分,无对偶的部分,单一器an tibacterial: 抗生素ante- 在…之前,…前的antecubital: 肋前的anti- 反抗,治疗的 anti bacterial: 抗生素circum- 环,周围 circum ferential fibers: 环型纤维contra- 反抗,逆对 contra lateral: 对侧的ec-出,偏离 ec ctopic: 异位的endo- 内部的,内在的 endoscope: 内窥镜epi- 在上,向 epi dural: 硬膜的ex- 出,从,来的 ex cise: 切除extra-天,…外的 extradural: 硬膜外的hyper- 过好的,超出平常的 hyperlordosis: 过度前凸 ermal (pertaining to upon the skin)hypo- 不足的,在…下的 hypokyphosis: 后凸平足,平背畸形infra-在…下 infra laminar: 椎板下节inter- 在…之间 intercostal: 肋间intra- 在…之内 intradural: 硬膜下ipsi- 相同的 ipsi lateral: 同侧的mal- 病态的,平启的 mal union: 骨接合不正medi- 中间的 medi al: 中间的para- 不正常的,延…的,附近的para esthesia(or paresthesia): 感觉异常peri- 围绕,附近的 peri neural: 神经外膜post- 之后,在…后 post operative: 术后的pre- 之前,在…前 preoperative:术前准备pseudo- 假的pseudoarthrosis(or pseudarthr-osis): 假关节retro- 向后,回复 retro peritoneal: 腹膜后的semi- 半 semi lunar: 半月型的sub- 之下,在…之下 subcutaneous: 皮下的supra- 之上 supralaminar: 椎板上syn- 共,合 syn ostosis: 骨连接trans- 穿过 trans peritoneal: 经腹膜常用后缀-algia 疼痛 arthralgia: 关节痛-clasis 断,折断 osteoclasis: 骨破折-desis 固定 ( 关节或骨头 ) arthrodesis: 关节固定术关节融合术-ectomy 切除 laminectomy: 椎板切除术-emia 血 anemia: 贫血-genesis 形成,起源 osteogensis: 骨发生-itis 炎症 arthitis: 关节炎-lysis 分解,松解 osteolysis: 骨吸收 , 骨质溶解-malacia 软化 chrondromalacia: 轻骨软化-oid 类似 osteoid: 骨样的-oma 肿瘤 sarcoma: 肉瘤-otomy 切,截 osteotomy: 截骨术-paresis 半,部分麻痹 hemiparesis: 半身麻痹-path(y) 病 neuropathy: 神经病肥大-penia 不止,减少 osteopenia: 骨质减少-plasia 生长,形成 hyperplasia: 增生,过度增生-plasty 手术修复 cranioplasty: 颅骨成形术-scope 检查设备 thoracocscope: 胸腔镜-scopy 用设备检查 thoracoscopy: 胸腔镜检查-stenosis 狭窄的 spinal stenosis: 椎管狭窄-tome 切割器械 ostetome: 骨力-tomy 切,截 osteotomy: 截骨术-trophy 食物,营养 hypetrophy: 过度生长常用的前缀第一节表示无,抗,非的前缀一.a-,an-无,非。
医学专业英语前后缀及词根
•a-[无,缺]▲anemia[贫血]▲ atonia[无张力]▲ asymptomatic[无症状的]▲ amenorrhea[闭经]•ab-[分离]▲ abduct [外展]▲ abscision[切除]•acou (acu)-[听觉]▲ acumeter [听力计]▲ acouophone[助听器]•acro-[肢端]▲ acromegaly[肢端肥大症]▲ acromastitis[乳头炎]•ad (af, an)-[邻近,向上]▲ adrenal [肾上腺]▲ adaxial[近轴的]▲ annexa[附件]•-ad[……侧]▲ ventrad[向腹侧]▲ cephalad[向头侧]•adeno-[腺]▲ adenocyte[腺细胞]▲ adenoidism[腺体病]•adipo-[脂肪]▲ adiposis[肥胖症]▲ adiponecrosis[脂肪坏死] •adreno-[肾上腺]▲adrenocorticoid[肾上腺皮质激素]▲ adrenalin[肾上腺素]▲ adrenal[肾上腺]•-aemia(emia)[血症]▲ bacteremia[菌血症]▲ leukemia[白血病]•-albi (albino)-[白色]▲ albumin[白蛋白]▲ albinism[白化病]•-algesia[痛觉]▲hypoalgesia[痛觉减退]•-algia[痛]▲arthralgia[关节痛]▲cephalgia[头痛]▲neuralgia[神经痛] •alkali-[碱]▲alkalosis[碱中毒]•alveo-[牙槽,小沟]▲alveolitis[牙槽炎]▲alveobronchiolitis[支气管肺泡炎]•ambi-[复,双]▲ ambiopia[复视]▲ ambivert[双重性格]•ambly-[弱]▲amblyopia[弱视]▲amblyaphia[触觉迟钝]•amylo-[淀粉]▲amyloidosis[淀粉酶]▲amylase[淀粉酶]•angio-[血管]▲angiography[血管造影术]▲angioedema[血管性水肿]▲angeitis[脉管炎]▲angiofibroma[血管纤维瘤]•ante-[前]▲antenatal[出生前的]▲anteflexion[前屈]•antero-[前]▲anterolateral[前侧壁]▲anteroventral[前腹侧]•anti-[抗,反]▲antibiotics[抗生素]▲antihypertensives[降压药]▲anticoagulant[抗凝剂]•rarchno-[蛛网膜]▲arachnoiditis[蛛网膜炎]•archo-[肛门,直肠]▲archorrhagia[肛门出血]▲archosyrinx[直肠灌注器]•arterio-[动脉]▲arteriospasm[动脉痉挛]▲arteriosclerosis[动脉硬化]•arthro-[关节]▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺]▲arthrotomy[关节切开术]▲arthritis[关节炎]•-ase[酶]▲oxidase[氧化酶]▲proteinase[蛋白酶]•-asthenia[无力]▲myasthenia[肌无力]▲neurasthenia[神经衰弱]•audio(audito)-[听力]▲audiology[听觉学]▲audiometer[听力计]•auto-[自己]▲autoimmune[自身免疫]▲auto hemotherapy[自体血疗法]•bacilli-[杆菌]▲bacillosis[杆菌病]▲bacilluria[杆菌尿]医学全在.线提供•bacterio-[细菌]▲bacteriology[细菌学]▲bactericide[杀菌剂]•baro-[压力]▲barometer [压力计]▲baroreceptor[压力感受器]•bary-[迟钝]▲barylalia[言语不清]▲baryacusia[听觉迟钝]•bi-[双]▲bicuspid[二尖瓣]]▲bilateral[两侧的]•bili-[胆汁]▲bilirubin[胆红素]•bio-[生命]▲biology[生物学]▲biopsy[活检]•-blast[母细胞]▲spermatoblast[精子细胞]▲melanoblast[成黑色素细胞]▲osteoblast[成骨细胞]•brachy-[短]▲brachypnea[气短]▲brachydactylia[短指畸形]•brady-[迟缓]▲bradycardia[心动过缓]▲bradypsychia[精神不振]•broncho-[支气管]▲bronchoscopy[支气管镜检查]▲bronchiostenosis[支气管痉挛]▲bronchitis[支气管炎] •bronchiolo-[细支气管]▲bronchiolectasis[细支气管扩张] •calci-[钙]▲calcification[钙化]▲calcicosilicosis[钙沉着症] •carbo-[碳]▲carbohydrate[碳水化合物]▲carbohaemia[碳酸血症] •carcino-[癌]▲carcinogen[致癌物]•cardio-[心,贲门]▲cardiotonics[强心剂]▲cardioplasty[贲门成形术]•-cele[疝,肿物]▲omphalocele[脐疝]▲hysterocele[子宫脱垂]▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出] •celio-[腹]▲celialgia[腹痛]▲celioscopy[腹腔镜检查]•-centesis[穿刺]▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺术] ▲abdominocentesis[腹穿] •cephalo-[头]▲cephaloxia[斜颈]▲cephalopathy[头部疾病]▲cephalotomy[穿颅术] •cerebello-[小脑]▲cerebellitis[小脑炎]▲cerebellum[小脑]•cerebro-[大脑]▲cerebritis[大脑炎]▲cerebrology[脑学]•chemo-[化学]▲chemotherapy[化疗]•chloro-[绿,氯]▲chloroform[氯仿]▲chloromycetin[氯霉素]▲chlorophyll[叶绿素] •cholangio-[胆道]▲cholangitis[胆管炎]▲cholangiectasis[胆管扩张] •cholo-[胆] ▲cholagogue[利胆剂]▲cholelithiasis[胆石症]▲cholecystitis[胆囊炎]▲cholesterol[胆固醇]•chondro-[软骨]▲chondrosarcoma[软骨肉瘤]▲chondrification[骨软化]•chromo-[色素] ▲cytochrome[细胞色素]▲chromosome[染色体]•-cide[杀……剂] ▲germicide[杀菌剂]▲aborticide[堕胎药]•circum-[周围] ▲circumoral[口周的]▲circumcision[包皮环切术]•coagulo-[凝固] ▲coagulant[凝血剂]•colo-[结肠] ▲colotomy[结肠切开术]▲coloptosis[结肠下垂]•colpo (coleo)-[阴道] ▲coleospastia[阴道痉挛]▲colposcope[阴道镜]•con tra-[反,逆] ▲contraindication[禁忌证]▲contraceptive[避孕药]•counter-[反,逆] ▲counteragent[拮抗剂]▲conuterpoison[解毒剂]•cranio-[颅] ▲craniomalacia[颅骨软化]▲cranioclasis[碎颅术]•-cyst-[囊] ▲cystomy[膀胱切开术]▲dacryocyst[泪囊]•-cyte-[细胞] ▲lymphocyte[淋巴细胞]▲cytolysis[细胞溶解]•de-[除去] ▲detoxication[解毒]•dento[牙] ▲dentistry[牙科学]▲dentalgia[牙痛]•-derm-[皮肤] ▲epiderm[表皮]▲dermatology[皮肤病学]▲dermoplasty[皮肤成形术]•dextro-[右] ▲dextrocardia[右位心]▲dexiotropic[右旋的]•di s-[分离] ▲discission[分离术]▲disinfection[消毒法]•duodeno-[十二指肠] ▲duodenitis[十二指肠炎]▲duodenostomy[十二指肠造口术]•-dynia[痛] ▲acrodynia[肢体痛]▲urethrodynia[尿道痛]•dys-[异常] ▲dysfunction[功能不良]▲dyshormonism[内分泌障碍]▲dysuria[排尿困难]医学全在线•-ectasis[扩张] ▲gastroectasis[胃扩张]▲aerenterectasia[肠胀气]▲bronchiectasia[支气管扩张]•-ectomy[切除术] ▲appendectomy[阑尾切除术]▲lipectomy[脂肪切除术]•-edema[水肿] ▲encephaledema[脑水肿]▲myxedema[粘液性水肿]•-emesia[呕] ▲hematemesia[呕血]▲helminthemesia[吐虫]•encephalo-[脑] ▲encephaloma[脑瘤]▲encephaledema[脑水肿]•endo-[内] ▲endocarditis[心内膜炎]▲endoscope[内窥镜]•entero-[肠] ▲enteritis[肠炎]▲enterovirus[肠病毒]•epi-[上,外] ▲epigastrium[上腹部]•erythro-[红] ▲erythromycin[红霉素]▲erythroderma[红皮病] •esophago-[食管] ▲esophagoscope[食管镜]▲esophagitis[食管炎] •extra-[……外] ▲extracellular[细胞外的]▲extrasystole[额外收缩] •facio-[面] ▲facioplegia[面瘫]▲facioplasty[面部成形术] •-fast[耐] ▲acid-fast[抗酸的] ▲uviofast[耐紫外线]•febri-[热] ▲febricula[低热] ▲febrifacient[致热的] •feti-[胎儿] ▲feticulture[妊娠期卫生]▲fetometry[胎儿测量法] •fibro-[纤维] ▲fibroblast[成纤维细胞]▲fibrosis[纤维化]•fore-[前] ▲forebrain[前脑] ▲forehead[前额]•-form[形状] ▲oviform[卵形的] ▲granuliform[颗粒状的] •fungi-[真菌,霉菌] ▲fungicide[杀真菌剂]▲fungistasis[制霉菌作用] •gastro-[胃] ▲gastroptosis[胃下垂]▲gastroenteritis[胃肠炎]▲gastroscopy[胃镜检查]▲gastratrophy[胃萎缩]•-gen [原,剂] ▲glycogen[糖原] ▲pathogen[病原体]▲androgen[雄激素]▲Estrogen[雌激素]•-genic[……性] ▲cardiogenic[心源性的]▲allergenic[变应反应] •giganto-[巨大] ▲gigantocyte[巨红细胞]▲gigantism[巨大症]•gingivo-[牙龈] ▲gingivitis[牙龈炎]▲gingivostomatitis[牙龈口腔炎]•glosso-[舌] ▲glossoplegia[舌瘫痪]•gluco-[糖] ▲glucoprotein[糖蛋白]▲glucocorticoid[糖皮质激素]•glyco-[糖] ▲glycogen[糖原]▲glycouria[糖尿]•-grade[级,度] ▲centigrade[摄氏温度计]▲retrograde[逆行性]•-gram[克,图] ▲microgram[微克]▲electroencephalogram[脑电图]•-graph(y)[……仪(法)] ▲electrocardiogram[心电图]▲bronchography[支气管造影术]•gyneco-[妇女] ▲gynecology[妇科学]▲gynecopathy[妇科病]•hemo(hemato)-[血] ▲hemoglobin[血红蛋白]▲hematoma[血肿]•hemi-[半] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫]▲hemicrania[偏头病]•hepato-[肝] ▲hepatitis[肝炎]▲hepatocirrhosis[肝硬化]▲hepatosplenomegaly[肝脾肿大]•hidro-[汗] ▲hyperhidrosis[多汗症]▲anhidrosis[无汗症]•histo-[组织] ▲histology[组织学]▲histomorphology[组织形态学]•holo-[全] ▲holonarcosis[全麻]▲holoenzyme[全酶]•homo-[同] ▲homotype[同型]▲homologue[同系物]▲homoplasty[同种移植术]•hydro-[水] ▲hydropericardium[心包积水]▲hydrolysis [水解]•hypr-[高] ▲hypercalcemia[高钙血症]▲hyperthyroidism[甲亢]•hypno-[睡眼] ▲hypnotics[安眠药]▲hypnotherapy[催眠疗法]•hypo-[低] ▲hypotension[低血压]▲hypoglycemia[低血糖]•hystero-[子宫] ▲hysterospasm[子宫痉挛]▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂]•-ia[病] ▲melancholia[忧郁症]▲pyrexia[发热]•-iatrics[医学] ▲pediatrics[儿科学]▲geriatrics[老年病学]•-iatry[医学] ▲psychiatry[精神病学]▲pediatry[儿科学]•immuno-[免疫] ▲immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白]▲immunotherapy[免疫疗法]•infra-[下] ▲infraorbital[眶下的]▲infrared[红外线]•inter-[间] ▲intervertebral[椎间的]▲intercellular[细胞间的]•intra-[内] ▲intravenous[静脉内的]▲intracranial[颅内的]▲intramuscular[肌肉内的]•-ist[家] ▲pathologist[病理学家]▲anatomist[解剖学家]•-itis[炎症] ▲cellulitis[蜂窝织炎]▲myocarditis[心肌炎] •leuco (leuko)-[白] ▲leucorrhea[白带]▲leukocytosis[白细胞增多]▲leukemia[白血病]•lipo-(脂) ▲lipotrophy[脂肪增多]▲lipase[脂酶]•-lith[结石] ▲cholelith[胆结石]▲cholelithiasis[胆石症] •-logy[学] ▲terminology[术语学]▲Cardiology[心脏病学] •lumbo-[腰] ▲lumbosacral[腰骶部的]▲lumbago[腰背痛]▲lumbodynia[腰痛] •lympho-[淋巴] ▲lymphedema[淋巴水肿]▲lymphocytopenia[淋巴细胞减少]•-lysis(lytic)[松解,分解了] ▲aythrolysis[关节松解术]▲spasmolytic[解痉的] •macro-[大] ▲macrophage[巨噬细胞]▲macromolecule[大分子] •mal-[不良] ▲malnutrition[营养不良]▲malfunction[功能不全] •-megaly[巨大] ▲cardiomegaly[心扩大]▲cephalomegaly[巨头畸形] •meningo-[脑膜] ▲meningitis[脑膜炎]▲meningocephalitis[脑膜脑炎]•meno-[月经] ▲dysmenorrhea[痛经]▲menopause[停经] •-meter[表,计] ▲spirometer[肺活量计]▲pyrometer[高温表]•-metry[测量法] ▲iodometry[碘定量法]•micro-[小] ▲micropump[微泵]▲microliter[微升]•mono-[单-] ▲mononucleosis[单核细胞增多]▲monomer[单体]•multi-[多] ▲multinuclear[多核的]▲multipara[经产妇]•myelo-[髓] ▲myelocele[脊髓膨出]▲myelocyte[髓细胞]•myo-[肌] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎]▲myofibroma[肌纤维瘤]•naso-[鼻] ▲nasoscope[鼻镜]▲nasitis[鼻炎]•neo-[新] ▲neoplasm[瘤]▲neomycin[新霉素]•nephro-[肾] ▲nephropathy[肾病]▲nephrosclerosis[肾硬变]•neuro-[神经] ▲neuroma[神经瘤]▲neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎]•non-[非] ▲non-electrolyte[非电解质]▲nonfetal[非致命的]•nulli-[无] ▲nullipara[未产妇]▲nulligravida[未孕妇]•nutri-[营养] ▲nutrition[营养]▲nutrology[营养学]•oculo-[眼] ▲oculist[眼科医生]▲oculus dexter[右眼]▲oculus sinister[左眼]•oligo-[少] ▲oligophrenia[智力发育不全]▲oliguria[少尿]•-oma[肿瘤] ▲adenoma[腺瘤]▲osteoma[骨瘤]•onco-[肿瘤] ▲oncology[肿瘤学]▲oncogene[癌基因]医.学全在.线提供•ophthalmo-[眼] ▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出]▲ophthalmoplegia[眼肌麻痹]•-osis[病] ▲cirrhosis[肝硬化]▲mycosis[霉菌病]•osteo-[骨] ▲osteomalacia[骨软化]▲osteoarthritis[骨关节炎]•oto-[耳] ▲otolith[耳石]▲otoplasty[耳成形术]▲otopyosis[耳化脓]•pan-[全] ▲panimmunity[多种免疫]▲pantalgia[全身痛]▲pantatrophia[全身营养不良]•-para[产妇] ▲primipara[初产妇]▲nullipara[未产妇]•-pathy[病] ▲dermatopathy[皮肤病]▲Cardiomyopathy[心肌病]•pedia-[儿童] ▲pediatrician[儿科医师]▲pediatrics[儿科学]•-penia[减少] ▲leucopenia[白细胞减少]▲thrombopenia[血小板减少]•per-[经] ▲percutaneous[经皮肤的]•peri-[周围] ▲pericarditis[心包炎]▲perianal[肛周的]•pharmaco-[药] ▲pharmacokinetics[药代动力学]▲physicochemistry[药典]•physio-[物理▲physiotheraphy[理疗]▲physicochemistry[物理化学]•-plasty[成形术] ▲angioplasty[血管成形术]▲homoplasty[同种移植]▲gastroplasty[胃成形术] •-plegia[瘫] ▲paraplegia[截瘫] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫]•pleuro-[胸膜] ▲pleuritis[胸膜炎]▲pleurocentesis[胸腔穿刺术]•-pnea[呼吸] ▲orthopnea[端坐呼吸]▲tachypnea[呼吸急促] •pneumo-[气,肺] ▲pneumothorax[气胸]▲pneumococcus[肺炎球菌] •poly-[多] ▲polyuria[多尿]▲polycholia[胆汗过多] •post-[后] ▲postpartum[产后] ▲postoperation[术后]•pre-[前] ▲premenopause[绝经前期]▲premature[早搏]▲preload[前负荷]•pseudo-[假] ▲psudohypertrophy[假性肥大]▲psudomembranous[假膜的] •psycho-[精神,心理] ▲psychology[心理学]▲psychiatry[精神病学]•-ptosis[下垂] ▲nephroptosis[肾下垂]▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂] •-ptysis[咯] ▲pyoptysis[咯脓] ▲hemoptysis[咯血]•pyo-[脓] ▲pyorrhea[溢脓]▲pyosis[化脓]•radio-[放射] ▲radiotherapy[放疗]▲radiology[放射学]•recto-[直肠] ▲rectitis[直肠炎]▲rectectomy[直肠切除术]•retino-[视网膜] ▲retinitis[视网膜炎]▲retinodialysis[视网膜分离]•rhino-[鼻] ▲rhinitis[鼻炎]▲rhinorrhea[鼻漏]•-rrhagia[出血] ▲gastorrhagia[胃出血]▲hemorrhage[出血]▲pneumorrhagia[肺出血]•-rrhaphy[缝合术] ▲neurorrhaphy[神经缝合术]▲Vasorrhaphy[输卵管缝合术]•-rrhea[流出] ▲diarrhea[腹泻]▲menorrhea[月经]•schisto-[裂] ▲schistosomiasis[血吸虫病]▲schistoglossia[舌裂]•scirrho-[硬] ▲scirrhosarca[硬皮病]▲scirrhoma[硬癌]•sclero-[硬] ▲scleroderma[硬皮病]▲sclerometer[硬度计]•-scope(y)[镜,检查] ▲stethoscope[听诊器]▲otoscope[耳镜]▲proctoscopy[直肠镜检查法]•semi-[半] ▲semicoma[半昏迷]▲semiliquid[半流汁]•spondylo-[脊椎] ▲spondylopathy[脊椎病]▲spondylitis[脊椎炎]医.学全,在.线,提供•-stomy[造口术] ▲colostomy[结肠造口术]▲ilecolostomy[回结肠吻合术]•sub-[下,亚] ▲subacute[亚急性]▲subabdominal[下腹部的]•super-[在…上] ▲superficial[浅的]▲superoxide[超氧化物]•supra-[上] ▲supraventricular[室上性的]▲suprarenalism[肾上腺机能亢进]•tachy-[快] ▲tachycardia[心动过速]▲tachypnea[呼吸急促]•-therapy[治疗] ▲massotherapy[按摩治疗]▲pharmacotherapy[药物治疗]•thermo-[热] ▲thermometer[温度计]▲thermatology[热疗学]•thrombo-[血栓,血小板] ▲thrombolysis[溶栓]▲thrombocytopenia[血小板减少症]▲thrombosis[血]•-tomy[切开术] ▲tracheotomy[气管切开术]▲ovariotomy[卵巢切开术]•tracheo-[气管] ▲tracheoscope[气管镜]▲tracheorrhagia[气管出血]•trans-[经,转移] ▲transurethral[经尿道]▲transfusion[输血]•-trophy[营养] ▲dystrophy[营养不良]▲atrophy[萎缩]•ultra-[超过] ▲ultraviolet[紫外线]▲ultrasound[超声]•utero-[子宫] ▲uteroscope[子宫镜]▲uterotonic[宫缩剂]•vaso-[血管] ▲vasomotion[血管舒缩]▲Vasodilator[血管扩张剂]1.人体主要器官前缀名称通用名前(后)缀常用形容词示例心heart cardiao- cardialcardium/carditis/cardiology脑brain encepholo- cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺lung pulmo- pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝liver hepato- hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃stomach gastro- gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology胆gallbladder chole- biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy肠intestine entero- intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾spleen splen- splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy肾kidney nephro- renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology2.与人体系统、器官有关的前(后)缀名称通用名前(后)缀示例血blood hemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管vessel vaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular静脉vein veno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction动脉artery arterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis 肌muscle myo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓marrow myel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神经nerve neur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron细胞cell cyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urine uro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital体body somato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome3.与数字有关的前缀数字前缀示例一(单)mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbondioxide/dipeptide三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride六hexa- hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八 octa- octahedral/octal system九 nona- nonapeptide/nonagon十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter注:十位数的表示一般为:个位数前缀+deca,如:hexadecanol(十六烷醇),tetradecapeptide gastrin(十四肽胃泌素),octadecanoic acid(十八烷酸)4.颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色通用名前缀示例色color chrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer红red erythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白white leuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑black melano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma黄yellow xantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma蓝blue cyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫 violet/purple绿 green棕 brown brown mixture/brown ring橙orange Victoria orange/ethylorange/orange G粉红 pink oink frothy sputum绯红 crimson青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes注:有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义,其前缀都为“cyano-”.5.与疾病和疾患有关的前(后)缀(1)含义前(后)缀形容词示例病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy -pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病态-osis -oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis减少-penia -penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia无a-/an- atypical/anuria/agranulocytopeni a小/微-let droplet/platelet/leafletmicro-microscopy/microorganism/micronu cleus大/巨macro- macroscopic/macronucleus/macroph age-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatome galy复合/多poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemi c6.与疾病和疾患有关的前(后)缀(2)含义前(后)缀示例相反 dis- disease/disorder/disability 困难/障碍dys- dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎症-it is appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/块 -oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血症-emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹-plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出-rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea坏死-necrosis necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermi a结石litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes 7.与方位有关的前缀含义通用词前缀示例上upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下lower/inferior nfra-/sub- infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous 前front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis /pre-后back/posterior post-/retro- posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac 内inner/internal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外outer/external ex-/exo- extract/excretion/exocardial间between inter- intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse 旁/副on the side of para- parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周around peri- perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum 中心central centri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-反/对opposite counter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication注:in vivo/in’vaivou/活体内;invitro/in vaitrou/活体外或试管内;insitu/in’saitju:/原位8.与外科手术有关的前(后)缀含义前(后)缀示例切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切开-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切(割) -tome tracheotome/thoracotome吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形术-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整(矫)形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography经… trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral注:ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀,如:ortho-acid(正酸)-graphy为方法,如:electrocardigraphy心电图检查术;graph为仪器,如:electrocardigraph心电图机;gram为图象,文字,如:electrocardiogram心电图记录。
药学词根
unit 5-text Bcimetidine 西咪替丁-ine; -in: 碱,素,质insulin胰岛素retroactive adj. 反动的;追溯的retro-: back向后retrospective study回顾性研究nitroglycerol硝酸甘油nitro-: 硝基nitrogen氮-ol:酚,醇cholesterol胆固醇Unit 7-T ext Aaqueous adj. 水的;液体的;水溶的aqua-:水,水剂(也可用作名词,复数为aquae)aquatics水上运动arterial adj. 动脉的arteri-; arterio-:动脉artery 动脉arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化Circulation n. 传播;循环circum-: circle周(围);环circumstance环境elicit v. 引起,使发出e-=ex-: outwardexternal; erupt; exclude endothelium n. 内皮;内皮细胞endo-: insideendogeneity 内生性intravenous; intramuscularintra-: insideven(o)-: veinmesenteric adj. 肠系膜的mes(o)-: middle中间的,中位的内消旋mesotherm温带生物mesopore中孔enter(o)-: intestine肠peroral adj. 经口的;口服的per-:经过Plasma n. 浆,原生质;原浆-plasma:原生质,血浆Pro-drug n. 前体药物pro-: before前ProspectiveUnit 7-T ext Bacetate n. 醋酸盐,醋酸根acet(o)-:乙酰acetylcholine乙酰胆碱aminoglycoside n. 氨基糖苷类-ide:二元化合物dioxide二氧化物bronchial adj. 支气管的bronch(o)-: 支气管bronchitis支气管炎elastomeric adj. 弹性的; 有橡胶特性的elast(o)-:弹性elastic adj. 有弹性的estradiol n. 雌二醇estr(o)-: femaleestrogen雌激素di-: two-ol:醇,酚gonadotrophin 促性腺激素gon-: seed精液,种子-troph: nutrition营养-in: agent素intracerebral adj. 大脑内的cerebr(o)-: brain大脑liposome脂质体lip(o)-: fat脂osmotic adj. 渗透的osm(o)-: permeation渗透Semipermeable adj. 半渗透的semi-: half 一半V asopressin抗利尿激素vaso-:血管;脉管Unit 8-T ext Ahydrolysis: n. 水解(作用)-lysis: dissolution溶解immunoassay: n. 免疫测定-assay: examination测定spectrophotometry: n. 分光光度测定法spec, spect: to see, to look看见spectacle: n. 景象;壮观;眼镜(复数)spectator:旁观者spectrum: 光谱photo-: light光photochemistry光化学photocopy: 影印本photocurrent: 光电流-metry: measurement测量chronometry:测时数,记时法trigonometry: 三角法Unit 8-text Bchromatography n. 色谱法chromat(o)-, chrom(o)-: color chromaffinity 嗜铬性chromatin 染色质-graphy: to write描记法,记录tomography断层扫描术spectroscopy n. 光谱法spectra n. 光谱,谱,波谱-scopy: to examine检查法stoichiometry n. 化学计量学stoich(o)-: elementstoichiology 元素学(细胞生理学)-metry: to measure 测量法hydrochloric acid 盐酸chlor(o)-:绿;氯chloro-anemia 绿色贫血chlorochromatium 染绿菌属chloroethane 氯乙烷Unit 12-text Aacute (acu-: needle acupuncture针灸) adj. 严重的,[医] 急性的;敏锐的;激烈的;尖声的antagonist:拮抗药,对抗剂;对手ant-: againstantalkaline n. 解碱药antarthritic n. 抗关节炎药carcinogenicity n. 致癌力carcin(o)-: cancer 癌carcinogen致癌物carcinogenesis 致癌作用hematological adj. 血液学的hemat(o)-:producing blood 造血的,生血的hematoblast成血细胞hematocele 血囊肿,积血histamine n. 组胺hist(o)-, histi(o)-: tissue组织histaminase 组胺酶histiocyte组织细胞roulette: 轮盘赌-ette: smallcigarette香烟cassette盒式磁带teratogenic: 致畸的terat(o)-: deformity 畸形extract v.提取;拔牙ex-: outside -tract: to draw)Unit 12—T ext Bnon-steroidal adj. 非类固醇的ster(o)-: solid 固体steroid saponin甾体皂苷,甾类皂素;类固醇皂素steroid hormone[生理] 甾类激素-oid: like 类似rheumatoid 类风湿Unit 13-T ext Aambulatory adj. 可走动的ambula-: walking 行走ambulance 救护车;战时流动医院atrial adj. 心房的atri(o)-: atrium 心房atriomegaly 心房肥大cholesterol n. 胆固醇chole-; chol(o)-: bile胆汁ster(o)-: solid 固体-ol:醇,酚hyperlipidemia 高脂血症lip(o)-: fat 脂肪lipoatrophy n. 脂肪萎缩-emia: the state of disease 病态,状态leukemia 白血病septicemia败血症。
药学英语词缀
01
02
04
leukocytosis白细胞增多症
Leukemia 白血球过多症
leukocyte白细胞
leuko-(white, 白)
logy (the study of, ----学):
physiology 生理学
01
pharmacology 药理学
02
logist…学家
Macrosis 巨大,肥大
Endocarditis 心内膜炎
04
Neuritis 神经炎
03
Rhinitis 鼻炎
02
Poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎,小儿麻痹症
01
itis炎[症]
inter-间,中间
Intervention 干预,介入,干涉
Injection 注射,注入
贰
Impotent 性无能,阳萎
壹
Macrocyte 巨红细胞
macrophage巨噬细胞
macro-巨;大;长
Mal 病,失灵,机能障碍,机能不良
Malignant 恶性的,有害的
Malfunction 失灵,机能障碍,功能不良
Malabsorption 吸收不良
Malformation 畸形 malnutrition营养不良
Endogenous 内源性的
glauco-青
Glaua 青光眼 Glaucosuria 青尿症,尿蓝母尿
Carcinogen 致癌物
Antigen 抗原
gen原
hema(ta)-;hemat(o)-;hem(o)-血
01
Hematologist 血液病学家
02
Hemoglobin 血红蛋白
【药学英语】药学英语单词词根-推荐下载
gastr/o
duoden/o
bil/i
pept/i
peps/i
-helcosis
nephr/o
ur/o
andr/o
gon/o,gonad/o 性腺,生殖腺
uter/o
embry/o
vas/o
hemat/o
氨基
水
肺
气,肺
牙齿
腺
胃
十二指肠
胆汁
消化
消化
溃疡形成
肾
尿,尿道
男性,雄性的
子宫
胎儿,胚胎
血管
血
Unit8
cyt exo gluc hydro lipo mono poly spor trans zym
bacill coccus germ parasit staphyl
anti contra immuno pyr/o
细胞 外 甘 水 脂肪 单 多 孢子 转 酶
杆菌 球菌 病菌 寄生虫 葡萄
抗 对抗 免疫 热,发热
somn/i -therapy
allo-arctia de-emia hemihyperhypo-itis -lysis paraperiprosemi-stenosis
aero
therm
睡眠
治疗
异
狭窄
从
血的情况
半
超过,过多
Unit6
insomnia 失眠
thermotherapy 温热疗法
allosome 异染色体
克隆
Unit1 analgia 痛觉缺乏 anaphylatoxin 过敏毒素 endocrine 内分泌 edema 浮肿,水肿 anoxemia 缺氧血症 parahormone 副激素 lymphadenitis 淋巴结炎 menopause 绝经 menstruation 月经,行经 oncology 肿瘤学 dyspepsia 消化不良 phagosome 吞噬体 salivation 流涎,多涎 secretory 分泌的 somnambulism 梦游症 sterilization 绝育,灭菌 tumefaction 肿胀,肿大 urination 排尿
药学人员有用的生物学词汇
专业英语词汇词根部分四(对药学人员有用的生物学词汇)常用的后缀后缀在缀合法中只起改变词性的作用,不改变词根的含意,这在第一章内已叙述。
现将常用后缀分一般英语后缀及医学英语后缀两部分来说明。
第一节常用的一般英语后缀因词性不同、后缀可分为名词性、形容词性、动词性及副词性后缀,现列举于下。
一、名词性后缀1,-age为抽象名词后缀,表示行为,状态和全体总称percentage百分数,百分率,voltage电压,伏特数,lavage灌洗,洗,出法,gavage管词法,curettage刮除法,shortage不足,缺少。
2,-cy表示抽象名词accuracy 准确,精确度,infancy婴儿期。
3,-ence、-ance表示性质和动作difference不同,interference干扰,干预,influence影响,感化,occurrence发出,出现,violence激烈,暴力,existence存在,significance意义,意味。
4,-ency、-ancy抽象名词后缀difficiency不足,不全,tendency趋势,趋向,frequency频率,pregnancy妊娠,emergency 紧急,急救,fluency流利,流畅,sufficiency足够,充足,constancy坚定,经久不变。
5,-er表示…人、…者diameter直径,receiver接收者,接受者,carrier 携带者,beginner初学者,创始人,reader读者,shutter 快门,goiter甲状腺肿。
6,-ics 表示…科学psdiatrics儿科学,psychiatrics精神病学,obstetrics产科学,orthopdics矫形科学,auristrics耳科学,gnathostomatics口腔生理学,andriatrics男性医学,男性科。
7,-ian表示人称名词physician医师,内科医师,technician技术员8,-ication 由动词变化而来的抽象名词,常译为…化simpliffcation 简化,calcification钙化,classification分类,分级, communication 交流,交往。
3词根词缀
• venography n.静脉造影术
4. pharmaco- 药,药学
• pharmacodynamics n. 药效学 • pharmacotherapy n. 药物疗法
5. arthro- 关节
• arthralgia • arthrodynia n. 关节痛 n. 关节痛
6.urino- 尿
Unit Three
词根词缀
1. angio- 血管
• angiogram • angiopathy n. 血管造影片 n. 血管病
2. –plasty 成形术
• cranioplastyn.头颅成形术
• cheiloplasty n. 唇成形术
3. ven(o)- 静脉
• venotomy n. 静脉切开术
• urinoma • urinoscopy n. 尿性囊肿 n. 验尿
7.pancreat(o)- 胰(腺)
• pancreatectomy n. 胰切除术 • pancreatitis n. 胰腺炎
8.hepat(o)- 肝
• hepatitis n. 肝炎
• hepatotoxicity n. 肝中毒 • toxicin
13. peri-周围;邻近
• pericardium • bacterium n. 心包膜 bacteria
• periscope
n. 潜望镜
14. intra- 内部
• • • • • intravenous adj. 静脉内的 vein venointraoperative adj. 手术发生的 perform an operation performance
15.-lysis 溶解,分解
药学英语单词词根
药学英语单词词根药学英语单词词根药学是一门涉及药物制备、药物分析、临床用药、药理学、药物治疗学等多领域的综合性学科。
由于其涉及的领域广泛,因此药学相关的英语词汇也十分丰富。
以下是一些常见的药学英语单词词根,这些词根可以帮助我们更好地理解药学相关的英文词汇。
1、-pharma: 这个词根意为“药物”,常出现在与药学相关的词汇中,如 pharmaceutical (制药的), pharmacology (药理学),pharmacist (药剂师), pharmacal (草药)等。
2、-cyte: 这个词根意为“细胞”,常出现在与细胞相关的词汇中,如 leukocyte (白细胞), erythrocyte (红细胞), platelet (血小板)等。
3、-gen: 这个词根意为“产生”,常出现在与产生相关的词汇中,如发电机 (electric generator), nitrogen generator (氮气发生器)等。
4、-sis: 这个词根意为“状态”,常出现在与疾病相关的词汇中,如insomnia (失眠症), diabetes (糖尿病)等。
5、-uria: 这个词根意为“尿”,常出现在与泌尿系统相关的词汇中,如 urinalysis (尿液分析), urosepsis (尿毒症)等。
6、-algia: 这个词根意为“痛”,常出现在与疼痛相关的词汇中,如neuralgia (神经痛), arthritis (关节炎)等。
7、-therapy: 这个词根意为“治疗”,常出现在与治疗相关的词汇中,如 chemotherapy (化学治疗), radiotherapy (放射治疗)等。
8、-ectomy: 这个词根意为“切除”,常出现在与手术相关的词汇中,如 appendectomy (阑尾切除术), nephrectomy (肾切除)等。
9、-cardia: 这个词根意为“心脏”,常出现在与心脏相关的词汇中,如 myocardia (心肌炎), arrhythmia (心律失常)等。
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专业英语词汇词素(词根)1. haplo,mono,uni :单,一,独 haploid 单倍体 monoxide一氧化碳 monoatomic单原子的2. bi,di,dipl,twi,du ::二,双,两,偶 biocolor 双色,dichromatic 双色的,diplobacillus 双杆菌dikaryon 双核体twin :孪生 dual 双重的3. tri :三,丙 triangle三角 triacylglycerol三酰甘油 tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环4. quadri,quadru,quart,tetr,tetra:四 quadrilateral四边的 quadrivalent四价的 quadruped四足动物tetrode四极管 tetracycline四环素5. pent,penta,quique五 pentose戊糖pentagon五角形pentane戊烷quintuple 五倍的 pentose戊糖 pentomer五邻粒6. hex,hexa,sex 六 hexose已糖 hexapod六足动物hexapoda昆虫纲 hexamer六聚体7. hepta,sept 七 heptane 庚烷 heptose 庚糖 heptoglobin七珠蛋白8. oct八 octpus 章鱼 octagon八角形 octane 辛烷 octase 辛糖9. enne,nona九 nonapeptide 九肽 enneahedron 九面体10. deca,deka 十 :decapod 十足目动物 decahedron 十面体 decagram 十克11. hecto, 百 hectometer百米 hectoliter百升 hectowatt 百瓦12. kilo,千 kilodalton (KD) 千道尔顿 kilobase 千碱基 kiloelectron volt 千电子伏特13. deci,十分之一,分 decimeter 分米decigram 十分之一克14. centi,百分之一15. milli,千分之一,毫millimole 毫摩(尔)milliliter 毫升16. micro,百万分之一,微,微小,微量microgram微克microogranism微生物microecology 微生态学micropipet微量移液器17. nano十亿分之一,毫微,纳nanosecond十亿分之一秒nanometer纳米18. demi,hemi,semi半demibariel 半桶hemicerebrum 大脑半球semiopaque半透明semi-allel 半等位基因 semi-conductor半导体19. holo 全,整体,完全 holoenzyme 全酶holoprotein全蛋白 holocrine全(质分)泌20. mega巨大,兆,百万megaspore大孢子,megabasse兆碱基megakaryocyte巨核细胞megavolt兆伏 megalopolitan特大城市21. macro 大,巨大,多macrophage巨噬细胞macrogamete大配子macroelement常量元素macromolecular大分子22. poly,multi,mult 多,复合polyacrylate聚丙烯酸酯polymerase 聚合酶multichain多链的multinucleate 多核的 multicistronic mRNA多顺反子mRNA multicopy多拷贝1 chrom颜色chromophore生色团 chromosome染色体 chromatography色谱法2 melan,melano,nigr 黑melanoma黑素瘤melanin黑色素melanophore黑色素细胞3 xantho,flavo,fla,flavi,lute黄xanthophyl叶黄素xanthous黄色的,黄色人种xathine黄嘌呤flavin黄素flavone黄酮letein 黄体素,叶黄素flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸4 erythro, rub, rubrm, ruf,红erythrocyte红细胞erythromycin红霉素erythropoitin(EPO)促红细胞生成素5 chloro,chlor绿,氯chlorophyll叶绿素 chloride氯化物chloramphenicol氯霉素6 cyan,cyano 蓝,青紫色,氰cyanophyceae 蓝藻纲 cyanobacteria蓝细菌cyanide氰化物7 aur,glid,chrys金色aureomycin金霉素chrysose 金藻淀粉 chrysanthemum菊花 glidstone 金沙石 glid 镀金8 leu,leuco,leuk,leuko,blan,alb无色,白色leucine亮氨酸 leukaemia=leucosis白血病bleaching powder漂白粉 albomycin白霉素四表示方位和程度的词素1 endo,ento,内,在内endocrine内分泌endocytosis胞吞作用 endogamy近亲繁殖 endolysin内溶素 entoderm内胚层2 ec, ect, exc, extra 外,外面,表面ectoblast外胚层 ectoparasite 外寄生生物 extract 抽取,浸出3 meso 中,中间mesosphere 中圈,中层 mesoplast 中胚层质4 intra,intro,inter 在内,向内intra-allelic interaction 等位基因内相互作用 intracellular(细)胞内的interurban城市之间5 centri,centro,medi,mid 中心,中央,中间centrifuge离心 centriole 中心粒centrosome 中心体 centrogeng着丝基因6 epi,peri 上,外,旁epidermal growth factor(EGF): 表皮生长因子 epibranchial上鳃的perilune近月点7 sub,suc,suf,sug 下,低,小suborder 亚目 submucosa粘膜下层subclone亚克隆 subcellular亚细胞 subsection小节,分部8 super,supra 上,高,超superconductor超导体 superfluid 超流体 superoxide 超氧化物 supramolecular超分子的9 hyper 超过,过多hypersensitive 过敏的 hyperelastic 超弹性的hypertension 高血压 hyperploid 超倍体10 hypo下,低,次hypoglycaemia 低血糖 hypotension低血压hypophysis脑下垂体11 iso 等,相同,同iso-osmotic等渗的isopod等足目动物 isotope同位素12 oligo,olig少,低,寡,狭oligohaline 狭盐性 oligogene寡基因 oligomer寡聚体 oligophagous寡食性 oligarchy寡头*** 13 eury 多,宽,广eurythermal 广温的 euryhaline广盐性eurytopic species广幅种14 ultr 超ultra-acoustics 超声学ultra-structure超微结构ultroviolet紫外线15 infra 下,低,远infralittoral 潮下带,远岸的 infrahuman类人生物infrared红外线的 infrastructure基础结构,基本结构五表示动物不同器官和组织的词素1 cephal,capit,cran 头,头颅2 cyte 细胞3 carn,my,mya,myo,肉,肌肉4 haem,haemat,hem,aem,sangul 血5 soma,corp 体,身体6 some,plast 体,颗粒7 hepa,hepat 肝 heparin 肝素 hepatopancreas肝胰腺 hepatocyte 肝细胞 hepatoma肝癌8 ren,nephr 肾adrnal肾上腺的 nephridia肾管 nephron肾单位9 card,cord 心 cardiotoxin 心脏毒素 cardiovascular center 心血管中枢 electrocardiogram心电图concord一致,和谐10 ophthalm,ocell,ocul 眼 ophthalmology眼科学 ophthalmia眼炎 ophthalmologist眼科专家11 branchi 鳃 filibranch丝鳃 lamellibrnch瓣鳃 sencondary branchium次生鳃12 brac ,brachi 腕,手臂 brachiolaria 短腕幼虫brachionectin臂粘连蛋白 bracelet手镯13 dent,odont 牙齿 dentin牙质 odontphora 齿舌 odontoblast成牙质细胞14 plum羽 plumatus 羽状的 plumule绒毛 plumage (鸟的)羽毛15 foli,foil 叶 follicle滤泡 foiling叶形 foliage 叶子 foliose 多叶的药名常用词首ace- 乙(酰基)acet- 醋;醋酸;乙酸acetamido- 乙酰胺基acetenyl- 乙炔基acetoxy- 醋酸基;乙酰氧基acetyl- 乙酰(基)aetio- 初allo- 别allyl- 烯丙(基);CH2=CH-CH2- amido- 酰胺(基)amino- 氨基amyl- ①淀粉②戊(基)amylo- 淀粉andr- 雄andro- 雄anilino- 苯胺基anisoyl- 茴香酰;甲氧苯酰anti- 抗apo- 阿朴;去水aryl- 芳(香)基aspartyl- 门冬氨酰auri- 金(基);(三价)金基aza- 氮(杂)azido- 叠氮azo- 偶氮basi- 碱baso- 碱benxoyl- 苯酰;苯甲酰benzyl- 苄(基);苯甲酰bi- 二;双;重biphenyl- 联苯基biphenylyl- 联苯基bis- 双;二bor- 硼boro- 硼bromo- 溴butenyl- 丁烯基(有1、2、3位三种)butoxyl- 丁氧基butyl- 丁基butyryl- 丁酰caprinoyl- 癸酰caproyl- 己酰calc- 钙calci- 钙calco- 钙capryl- 癸酰capryloyl- 辛酰caprylyl- 辛酰cef- 头孢(头孢菌素族抗生素词首)chlor- ①氯②绿chloro- ①氯②绿ciclo- 环cis- 顺clo- 氯crypto- 隐cycl- 环cyclo- 环de- 去;脱dec- 十;癸deca- 十;癸dehydro- 去氢;去水demethoxy- 去甲氧(基)demethyl- 去甲(基)deoxy- 去氧des- 去;脱desmethyl- 去甲(基)desoxy- 去氧dex- 右旋dextro- 右旋di- 二diamino- 二氨基diazo- 重氮dihydro- 二氢;双氢endo- 桥epi- 表;差向epoxy- 环氧erythro- 红;赤estr- 雌ethinyl- 乙炔(基)ethoxyl- 乙氧(基)ethyl- 乙基etio- 初eu- 优fluor- ①氟②荧光fluoro- ①氟②荧光formyl- 甲酰(基)guanyl- 脒基hetero- 杂hexa- 六;己homo- 高(比原化合物多一个-CH2-)hypo- 次io- 碘indo- 碘iso- 异keto- 酮laevo- 左旋leuco- 白levo- 左旋mercapto- 巯基meso- ①不旋;内消旋②中(间)③中(位)(蒽环的9、10位)meta- ①间(有机系统用名)②偏(无机酸用)methoxy- 甲氧基methyl- 甲基mono- 一;单neo- 新nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九;壬nor- 去甲;降;正nov- 新novo- 新oct- 八;辛octa- 八;辛octo- 八;辛ortho- ①邻(位)②正③原oxalo- 草oxo- 氧[代]oxy- ①氧②羟基(误称,但常用)para- ①对(位)②副(俗名)penta- 五;戊per- ①高②过phen- 苯pheno- 苯phenoxy- 苯氧(基)phenyl- 苯基phospho- 磷;磷酸phosphor- 磷;磷酸phosphoro- 磷;磷酸phyllo- 叶poly- 多;聚proto- 原pseudo- 假;伪;拟ribosyl- 核糖基sec- ①另(指CH3CH2CH(CH3)-型烃基②semi- 半silico- 硅strept- 链strepto- 链sulf- 硫sulfa- 磺胺(磺胺类药物词头)sulfo- ①硫[代]②磺基sulph- 硫[代]sulpho- ①硫[代]②磺基tert- ①特(指CH3…C(CH3)2-型烃基)②叔tetra- 四thio- 硫trans- 反(式);转tri- 三undeca- 十一valyl- 缬氨酰(基)vinyl- 乙烯基xantho- 黄色药名常用词尾-al 醛-aldehyde 醛-amide 酰胺-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷-ase 酶-ate ①盐②酯-azide 叠氮;-N3-caine 卡因(局部麻醉药词尾)-carbonyl 羰基-carboxamide 甲酰胺-carboxylic acid 羧酸-cidin 杀……菌素-cillin 青霉素;西林(青霉素族抗生素词尾)-cycline 四环素(四环素族抗生素词尾)-diol ①二醇②二酚-dione 二酮-disulfide 二硫(化物)-ene 烯-enol 烯醇-ester 酯-flavine 黄素-form 仿(俗名词尾)-genin 甙元(旧称配基)-hydrin 醇-ine 碱;素(生物碱词尾)-lactone 内酯-lysin 溶素(俗名词尾)-micin 霉素(抗生素词尾)-mycetin 霉素;菌素(抗生素词尾)-mycin 霉素(抗生素词尾)-nitrile 腈-ol ①醇②酚-olol 心安(心安类药物词尾)-one 酮-ose 糖-oside 糖甙-oxide 氧;氧化物-oyl 酰-quine 奎(俗名尾词)-sporin 孢菌素(抗生素词尾)-sullide 硫(化物)-sulfone 砜-sulfoxide 亚砜-thioic acid 硫代酸-thione 硫酮-thione 硫酮-toxin 毒-triol 三醇-tropin 托品(俗名尾词)-urea 脲-xanthin 黄质-yl 基(一价基)-yne 炔。