过去分词作宾补

Grammar: The Past Participle used as the object complement
(过去分词作宾语补足语)
一.什么是宾语补足语？
在英语中，有些动词除了一个宾语外，还需要一个成分来补充说明宾语的动作、身份、内容或状态。

这样，句子意义才能表达完整，这种成分在英语中被称为宾语补足语。

宾语补足语用来说明宾语的
His joke makes me happy
When they got there, they found the bank robbed
二. 过去分词作宾语补足语的意义：表被动/完成
及物动词的过去分词
过去分词
不及物动词的过去分词：
1.及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，宾语和过去分词之间是被动完成的关系或仅仅是被动关系。

He didn't notice his wallet stolen
I want the letter posted
The manager doesn’t like such questions discussed at the meeting
2.不及物动词的过去分词(如go ,fall, change等)作宾补时，仅表示“完成”,宾语和过去分词之间无被动关系。

She found her necklace gone on her way home.（只表完成）
二.过去分词作宾补的几种情况:
1.用在感官动词或心理状态的动词,如watch, notice, see, hear, feel, listen to，think ,find, 等词的宾语之后作宾补。

We can hear the windows beaten by the rain drops.
When we got to school, we found the door locked.
2.用在使役动词，如have, make, keep, get,leave等词的宾语之后作宾补.
They kept the door locked for a long time.
Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time.
(特别注意：have sth done可表示三种含义：)
①表示“使某物/某事被做”（由别人做），此时have可用get 代替。

He wants to have his hair cut tomorrow.
I’ll get my computer fixed this afternoon.
②表示“完成或解决某事”（事情是自己做或自己参与）
They had many trees planted.
I must have the work finished before Sunday
③表示主语自身遭遇或遭受某种不幸、打击
He had his leg broken in the accident.
I had my wallet stolen in the bus.
3.用在表示愿望,希望,命令这一类动词，如wish, want, like, expect, order等词的宾语之后作宾补。

The teacher would not like the problem discussed at the moment.
I want the dress made to my own measure.
4. 用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中
adj./adv.（表示宾语所处的状态）
现在分词（表主动/进行）
with +宾语+过去分词(表被动/完成
（这一结构可作状语和后置定语）
不定式（侧重于将来）
介词短语（表伴随）
I want to have a garden (with many flowers planted)
后置定语
1.He likes sleeping with the window open.
2.He fell asleep with the light on
3.With so many children laughing and talking ,the room was lively.
4.The boy went out to play with his homework unfinished.
5.With much work to do, I can’t go out with you
6.Miss Gao came into the classroom with a book in her hand.
三.现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
1.宾语与宾补之间的关系若是主动或进行的关系时，宾补用现在分词。

I heard them singing in the room when I passed
2.宾语与宾补之间的关系若是被动或完成的关系时，宾补用过去分词。

The teacher explained the problem several times but still couldn’t make himself understood (make oneself understood:使自己被理解/把自己的意思表达清楚)
3.不定式作宾语补足语侧重将来的动作（不定式所表示的动作发生在将来）
With much work to do, he had to get up early.。