过去分词作定语宾补
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语过去分词在英语语法中有着多种用法,其中最常见的方式之一是作为定语和宾语补足语。
本文将详细介绍过去分词在这两个语法角色中的具体应用和特点。
一、过去分词作为定语1. 定义:过去分词作为定语时,用来修饰名词或代词,给出该名词或代词所具备的状态或特征。
2. 形式:过去分词通常由动词的过去分词形式构成,加上适当的前置修饰词,如冠词、指示代词等。
a) A broken cup (一个破碗) - 这里的broken修饰名词cup,表示它的状态是破碎的。
b) The stolen necklace (那条被偷的项链) - 这里的stolen 修饰名词necklace,表示它已经被偷。
a) 过去分词作为定语时,通常放在名词前面。
b) 过去分词作为定语时,与所修饰的名词之间一般是被动或完成的关系。
c) 过去分词作为定语时,可以用来修饰人、物、地点等。
二、过去分词作为宾语补足语1. 定义:过去分词作为宾语补足语时,用来补充说明或修饰及物动词的宾语,指出宾语所具备的状态或经历的动作。
2. 形式:过去分词作为宾语补足语时,通常跟随及物动词或使役动词一起使用。
a) He made me cry (他让我哭了) - 这里的cry作为宾语补足语,说明了宾语me所经历的状态是哭泣。
b) They found the door locked (他们发现门被锁了) - 这里的locked作为宾语补足语,说明了宾语the door的状态是被锁上的。
a) 过去分词作为宾语补足语时,常常与及物动词或使役动词一起构成宾语补足结构。
b) 过去分词作为宾语补足语时,说明了宾语所经历的动作、状态或具备的特征。
本文详细介绍了过去分词作为定语和宾语补足语的用法和特点。
过去分词作为定语时,用来修饰名词或代词,并表示其状态或特征;过去分词作为宾语补足语时,用来补充说明及物动词的宾语的状态或经历的动作。
熟练掌握过去分词的这两种用法,可以帮助我们更准确地表达和理解英语句子的含义。
【英语知识点】过去分词的五种用法
【英语知识点】过去分词的五种用法过去分词是分词的一种,规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成。
用法有:1、过去分词作表语;2、过去分词作定语;3、过去分词作状语;4、过去分词作宾语补足语;5、with+宾语+过去分词结构。
过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作。
(1)The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作)(2)The library is now closed.图书馆关门了。
(过去分词作表语)过去分词表示被动或完成,-ing形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest,bore,worry,surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing形式来修饰物.(3)The book is interesting and I'm interested in it.这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成。
1.过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前.We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.2.过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中.The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号。
The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, weled the great hero.他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人.4.用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.The boy looked up with a pleased expression.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。
过去分词作定语,表语,宾语补足语
过去分词作定语过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。
从语法功能分析,过去分词兼有动词,形容词或副词的特性,可在句中充当定语,表语,宾语补足语或状语。
考点1. 过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语的位置1)单个过去分词:一般情况下。
单个过去分词作前置定语,即放在所修饰词之前。
有时为了表示强调,也可放在所修饰词之后。
A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。
(谚语)Money spent is more than money earned。
花的钱比挣的钱多。
2)过去分词短语:过去分词短语往往作后置定语,即放在所修饰词之后。
This will be the best novel of its kind of ever written. 这部小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。
This is the soldier wounded in the battle. 这就是战斗中受伤的战士。
真题链接After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _______.A. providingB. providedC. have providedD. provide2.过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成,即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受着,且该动作已经完成。
The question discussed yesterday. 昨天讨论的那个问题。
The person killed last year. 去年被杀的那个人。
2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成,不表示被动。
Autumn comes, and there are many fallen leaves in the yard. 秋天来了,院子里有许多落叶。
When I got up and went into the yard, I saw the risen sun. 当我起床并走进院子时,我看到太阳已经升起来了。
高考英语过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语作用与用法精练
过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语作用与用法过分(表示和被动的动作) 是有形容词.副词的作用,在句中可以用作定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语足语和状语1.定语: 过分做定语,表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系,单一的确过去分词做定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰的名词之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句The broken window (=The window which was broken) will be replaced soon. 破损的窗户很快就会被换掉. The books bought yesterday (=which were bought yesterday) are of high quality. 昨天买的书确实很不错昨天买的书确实很不错【点拨】过去分词和与其相关的名词、代词之间构成一种"动宾关系",即"被动态"。
过去分词作定语,主要说明"业已完成的动作"或是"一个在以前某个未知时间发生的动作" 。
单个过去分词作定语,分词一般说来写在被修饰的名词、代词之前;分词短语作定语时,分词放在被修饰词之后在被修饰词之后(1)表示情绪的过去分词作定语:表示情绪的过去分词作定语:--She threw me a quick, frightened glance.他迅速而惊恐地看了我一眼他迅速而惊恐地看了我一眼--His face wore a puzzled expression.他脸上有一种困惑的表情他脸上有一种困惑的表情--He had a pleased look on his face.他脸上现出高兴的神情他脸上现出高兴的神情--We can hear his excited voice.我们可以听到他激动的声音我们可以听到他激动的声音----The inspired soldier soon calmed down. 那个受到鼓舞的士兵很快就平静下来了那个受到鼓舞的士兵很快就平静下来了--The frightened girl sat in the corner quietly. 那位吓得惊慌的姑娘一声不响地坐在角落里。
Unit+4+过去分词作定语和宾语补足语课件
2. 过去分词作定语时的位置
(5)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的 复合代词或指示代词those等,单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。
Is there anything unsolved? 还有什么没解决的吗?
五、过去分词用作宾语补足语
常见的过去分词作宾补的情况:
in the 11th century.
作定语
Rewrite the sentences with past participles as the attribute.
1. Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.
4. The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.
The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.
THANK S
3. The family's ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.
The family's ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War.
高二必修过去分词作定语及宾补用法详解
高二必修过去分词作定语及宾补用法详解过去分词作定语,在语态上,表被动;在时间上,表示动作已经发生或完成,与它所修饰的名词有逻辑(意义)上的动宾关系。
过去分词作定语时,所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语,过去分词相当于谓语。
过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生,已经完成并具有被动意义。
有时也不表示时间性。
作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来,因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。
例如:He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。
也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况,一般作前置定语,它不表示被动意义,只表示主动意义,强调动作完成。
不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。
例如:fallen leaves 落叶retired workers 退休工人the risen sun 升起的太阳注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况:1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。
例如:We needed much more qualified workers. 我们需要更多的合格的工人。
My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。
单个分词也可以作后置定语,用以强调动作。
例如:They decided to change the material used. 他们决定更换使用的材料。
2. 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面,作后置定语,其作用相当于一个定语从句。
例如:The student dressed in white is my daughter.=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.)穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。
3. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时,即使一个单一的分词作形容词用,也要放在被修饰词的后面。
高一资料25:必修二 Unit 4 过去分词作定语及宾补
2. It is dangerous for the villagers to drink from wells _p_o_l_lu_t_e_d__ with
poisonous chemicals.
3. Rosemary shares her ___p_a_c_k_e_d______ lunch with two friends every
• I saw her coming into the classroom.
• 我看见她正走进教室。(her和come是逻辑上的主谓关系,且表示“进来”这一动作正在进行)
• With the problem settled, she could finally have a good sleep.
• 问题得以解决,他终于可以好好睡一觉了。(problem和settle之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词 做宾语补足语)
过去分词作用2:作宾补(1)过去分词用于感官动词feel,hear,listen to,see,notice,observe watch等词之后做宾语补足语。
• Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open. • 少说多看。 • He had his money stolen. • 他的钱被偷了。 • I had my bike broken on my way home. • 在我回家的路上,我的自行车坏了。 过去分词作宾补(2):过去分词用于使役动词have,make,get,leave,keep 之后做宾语补足语。
2. It is dangerous for the villagers to drink from wells polluted with poisonous chemicals.
过去分词作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语精讲
用心爱心专心1 过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语作用与用法过去分词:表示完成和被动的动作,具有形容词.副词的作用主要形式:done,have done, had done可作成分:定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语1.定语:表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系,或指一个动作的完成。
1)单一过去分词做定语——被修饰的名词之前(除了不定代词something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody ,those...)E.g. It was the lost cat. =It was the cat which had lost. Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him. 2)过去分词短语作定语——被修饰的名词之后单个过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句E.g. E.g. People People People addicted addicted addicted to to to drugs drugs drugs are are are dangerous.=People dangerous.=People dangerous.=People who who who are are are addicted addicted addicted to to drugs are dangerous. This is a novel written by Luxun.=This is a novel which is written by Luxun. 【点拨】过去分词和与其相关的名词、代词之间构成一种"动宾关系",即"被动态"。
过去分词作定语,主要说明"业已完成的动作"或是"一个在以前某个未知时间发生的动作" 。
过去分词用法总结
过去分词用法总结过去分词是动词的另一种非限定形式,在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。
一、过去分词作定语1. 一般情况下,单个分词作前置定语,过去分词短语作后置定语。
如:a used car旧车,a playground built last year去年修建的一个操场。
2. 及物动词的过去分词表示“被动”和完成”。
Many people questioned refused to answer. 被问的许多人都拒绝回答。
Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title given to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. 五人获得了“中国绿色人物奖”,这是一个颁给对环保有贡献的普通人物的奖项。
3. 不及物动词的过去分词作前置定语,只表示“完成”,不表示被动。
如:the risen sun已升起的太阳,fallen leaves落叶。
4. astonish, disappoint, encourage, excite, frighten, interest, move, please, puzzle, satisfy, surprise, tire等表示心理状态的动词的过去分词作定语,表示被修饰的词所具有的特征,意为“感到……的”。
(其现在分词表示所修饰的词本身所处的状态,意为“令人……的”)。
Mr. Smith, tired of the tiring speech, started to read a novel. 史米斯先生厌倦了乏味的演讲,开始读小说。
This is a boring lecture. 这是一个令人厌烦的报告。
The excited children couldn't go to sleep all night long.这些兴奋的孩子整个晚上无法入睡。
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语过去分词作定语和宾语补足语知识点包括过去分词作定语、过去分词作宾语补足语等部分,有关过去分词作定语和宾语补足语的详情如下:过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语时的意义不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表示动作已完成,不表示被动的意义;及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动意义或已完成的被动动作。
(1)只表示完成不表示被动fallen leaves 落叶the risen sun 升起的太阳a retired teacher 一位退休的教师(2)表示被动an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人a guided trip 一次有导游的旅行(3)表示被动和完成the broken glass 碎了的杯子the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题a divided country 一个分裂的国家2.过去分词作定语时的位置(1)前置定语:单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前。
The broken vase has been thrown outside.那个打烂的花瓶已被扔到外面去了。
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.受伤的工人现在正在医院受到良好的照料。
(2)后置定语:过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
The advice (which had been) sent to the committee was adopted.呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written(=that has ever been written).这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
注意:①有些过去分词表示特定含义时,单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后,如left(剩余的),given(所给的),concerned(有关的)等。
现在分词、过去分词作定语、状语、宾补的区别
现在分词、过去分词作定语、宾语补足语、状语时的区别现在分词\过去分词作定语的区别.(一)现在分词\过去分词作定语的区别.1.The mobile phone lying on the desk belongs to me. =The mobile phone which is lying on the desk belongs to me. (the mobile phone 和lie为主谓关系,即主动关系,故用现在分词)2.The injured suffering from the shock in the traffic accident were lying in the hospital.=The injured who suffered from the shock in the traffic accident were lying the hospital。
(the injured 和suffer 为主谓关系,即主动关系,故用现在分词)3.The house built 50 years ago will be pulled soon. =The house which was built 50 years ago will be pulled soon. (the house 和build为动宾关系,即被动关系,故用过去分词)The mobile phone laid on the desk belongs to me. =The mobile phone which is laid on the desk belongs to me. (the mobile phone 和lay 为动宾关系,即被动关系,故用过去分词)The injured suffering from the shock from the traffic accident were lying in the hospital.The house built 50 years ago will be pulled soon.The mobile phone lying on the desk belongs to me.The mobile phone laid on the desk belongs to me.小试牛刀:1.The student ________________( speak) to the teacher now is our moniter.2.The problem _______________( discuss) yesterday is of great importance.3.The machine ________________( repair ) yesterday is broken again.4..The guests ________________(invite) to the meeting were all specialists.5.China is a country _______________(belong )to the 3rd world.6 .He lives in the house _______________( face ) the north.7.The temple ________________( stand ) on the top of the hill was built 500 years ago.8.The students ________________( want ) to join the club will gather at the gate.9.The car ____________________(make ) in China is of high qulity.10.A checking deligation ( 代表团)______________( consist ) of 5 people are visiting our school.A checking deligation ( 代表团)_____________( make) up of 5 people are visiting our school.11. The student________________( focus )on his lesson is best in our class.The student _______________ ( lose )in his lesson is best in our class.12.Can you see the boy _________________ ( dress )in a red shirt?Can you see the boy __________________( wear ) a red shirt?13.The students ____________________( sit ) in Row I see the blackboard clearlyThe students __________________( seat ) in Row I see the blackboard clearly.14. The country _____________ ( lie ) to the east of Shandong Peninsula (半岛) is South Korea.The country _____________(locate ) to the east of Shandong Peninsula (半岛) is South Korea.( 辅助信息:Our school is located in the centre of the town)key:1,speaking.2,discussed.3,repaired.4,invited.5,belonging.6,facing.7,standing.8,wanting.9,made.10,consisting;made.11,focusing;lost.12,dressed;wearing.13,sitting;seated.14,lying;locted.现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别find ,make,feel,keep,leave,have ,see,observe,notice,watch,hear 。
初中英语过去分词作定语和宾语补足语精讲
tired visitors
a well-organised trip
beautifully dressed stars
The disease was caused by polluted water.
We finished the run in less than half the time allowed.
The river polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly.
He is one of those invited.
2.过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语,即放在被修饰词之后。
visitors tired of the long wait
a trip organised well by my workplace
stars dressed beautifully at the event
初中英语过去分词作定语和宾语补足语精讲
过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成;不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。过去分词一般在句子中可以用作定语、宾语补足、表语和状语,但不能单独作谓语。
一.过去分词作定语的用法
1.一般情况下,单个过去分词作前置定语,即放在被修饰词之前。
过去分词做定语和宾补
_H__a_v_in_g__f_in_i_s_h_e_d_a_l_l_m__y_l_et_t_e_r_s___ (写完了所有 的信之后),I had a drink and went out.
e.g. I want the work (to be) finished by Sunday. Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned.
2. 表“感觉, 心理状态”的动词: see, hear, find, feel, think, watch, notice + object(宾语) + p.p.
e.g. Do you know the man with his hair tied back?
注意: 1) 现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别
选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的 主语。 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分 词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。
_W__h_e_n__v_is_i_ti_n_g___London (夜里参观伦敦)at night, you are a bit like in a dream.
The Past Participle 做定语 宾补
现在分词: 表示动作是主动的和正在进行 过去分词: 表示动作是被动的和完成
一般式
现在分词 形式
doing
过去分词 形式
done
完成式 having done having been done
分词在句中可以作表语、定语、宾语补足 语和状语。
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语过去分词作定语和宾语补足语是英语语法中的一个重要部分。
在句子中,过去分词可以修饰名词或代词,以及充当动词的宾语补足语。
在本文中,我将详细介绍过去分词作定语和宾语补足语的用法和例子,并且会提供一些技巧来帮助大家理解和运用这些语法规则。
一、过去分词作定语过去分词作定语用于修饰名词或代词,起到描述或限定的作用。
它通常放在名词或代词前面,用来修饰它们,并且与主语保持一致。
下面是一些例句:1. The broken window needs to be fixed.(需要修理的窗户)2. The stolen car was found abandoned in the parking lot.(被偷的汽车被发现在停车场被遗弃)3. She ignored the injured dog on the street.(她忽视了街上的受伤狗)在这些例句中,过去分词broken(摔坏的),stolen(被偷的)和injured(受伤的)修饰了名词window(窗户),car(汽车)和dog(狗)。
需要注意的是,过去分词本身不具备时态,它所表示的动作或状态已经完成。
二、过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语主要用于表示动词的完成或被动意义。
在这种情况下,过去分词作为宾语的补足语,连接主语和宾语,帮助完整表达一个动作或状态。
下面是一些例句:1. He had his car washed.(他让他的车洗了)2. The teacher found the students well-prepared for the exam.(老师发现学生们为考试做好了充分的准备)3. She had her hair cut.(她剪了头发)这些例句中,过去分词washed(洗)和well-prepared(做好准备)作为宾语补足语,修饰了宾语car(车)和students(学生)。
需要注意的是,过去分词作宾语补足语也可以与助动词have或be连用,表示不同的时态和语态。
过去分词作定语宾补
过去分词作定语宾补基础过关:过去分词(表示和被动的动作) 是有形容词.副词的作用,在句中可以用作定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语一.过去分词作定语过去分词做定语,表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系,单一的确过去分词做定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰的名词之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句The broken window (=The window which was broken) will be replaced soon.破损的窗户很快就会被换掉.The books bought yesterday (=which were bought yesterday) are of high quality.昨天买的书确实很不错(1)表示情绪的过去分词作定语:--She threw me a quick, frightened glance.他迅速而惊恐地看了我一眼--His face wore a puzzled expression.他脸上有一种困惑的表情举一反三amaze,embarrass,interest,excite,disappoint,encourage,move,sur prise,astonish,delight,frighten,inspire,please,puzzle,terrify,shock,satisfy,worry,confuse, amuse, tire等。
这些动词构成的过去分词实际上已经成了形容词,它们常常用来修饰人(2)过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰词之后,作用相当于一个定语从句:What’s the language spoken in that country?那个国家讲的是什么语言?Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.突然出现一个穿绿衣服的青年女子二。
高中英语过去分词用法详解
3. Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.
→Because he was well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures., 且与主语 之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作 状语可表时间、原因、 让步、 结果、 方式、 条件等。
观察下列的句子:
Once published, his works (=Once his works was published, ) became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
3) If _tr_a_p_p_e_d_ in a burning building, you should send for help. 4) Although _s_h_o_t in the leg, he continued firing at the police.
二、过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间
B. Seen
4. 从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。
__A__ from the space, the astronaut
can not discover the Great Wall.
A. Seeing
B. Seen
Difference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle _U_s_e_d_for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧. _U_s_i_n_g_ the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用. _L_o_o_k_i_n_g_ at her, he jumped with joy. _L_o_o_k_e_d_at by her, he jumped with joy.
串讲07过去分词作定语宾补表语和状语(课件)高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲(人教版2019)
3. 作条件状语 相当于条件状语从句;可加连词if, unless等转换成条件状 语从句。 Given more time, we could do it much better. 多给我们点时 间,我们会做得更好。 (=If we were given more time, we could do it much better.)
4.过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done) 与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别
The building built last year is our classroom building. 去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building being built now is our classroom building. 现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building to be built next month is our classroom building. 下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
5. 作方式伴随状语 加and 可转换成并列结构从句。 The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of his students.老师走进教室, 后面跟着一群学生。 (=The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of his students.)
be amazed (at)感到惊异 be amused (at)感到好笑 be annoyed (at)感到烦恼 be bored (with)感到厌烦 ......
【提示】 ①现在分词作表语,意为“令人……,使人……”,主 动意味。 Our trip was disappointing.我们的这次旅行让人失望。 ②过去分词作表语,意为“感到……”,被动意味。 We were disappointed at our trip.我们对这次旅行感到失望。
38.过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语
过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语吴国斌1.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语表示完成或被动的动作,也有前置和后置两种情况。
单个过去分词一般作前置定语,过去分词短语通常作后置定语。
We only sell used books in our bookstore.我们的书店只卖用过的书。
The lost time can never be found again.逝去的时间永远也找不回来。
Mrs. White showed her students some old maps borrowed from the library.怀特夫人把从图书馆借来的旧地图给学生们看。
2.过去分词作表语过去分词作表语,多表示主语所处的状态,一般位于连系动词的后面。
The shop has remained shut for a week.这家商店关门一周了。
All of us were moved to tears at the sorrowful story.听到那个悲伤的故事,我们都感动地流下泪来。
She looked tired with cooking.她由于忙着做饭,看上去有些疲倦。
〔注意〕有些过去分词作表语用,相当于形容词,最常见的有delighted,disappointed,discouraged,drunk,amused,astonished,hurt,interested,crowded,tired,satisfied,pleased,surprised,worried,excited,married,puzzled,upset 等。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。
作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
在下面结构中常用过去分词作补语(1)在感官动词(see,hear,notice,watch等)和表示心理状态的动词(feel,find 等)后。
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基础过关:过去分词(表示和被动的动作) 是有形容词.副词的作用,在句中可以用作定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语
一.过去分词作定语
过去分词做定语,表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系,单一的确过去分词做定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰的名词之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句
The broken window (=The window which was broken) will be replaced soon.
破损的窗户很快就会被换掉.
The books bought yesterday (=which were bought yesterday) are of high quality.
昨天买的书确实很不错
(1)表示情绪的过去分词作定语:
--She threw me a quick, frightened glance.他迅速而惊恐地看了我一眼
--His face wore a puzzled expression.他脸上有一种困惑的表情
举一反三
amaze,embarrass,interest,excite,disappoint,encourage,move,surprise,astonish,delight,f righten,inspire,please,puzzle,terrify,shock,satisfy,worry,confuse, amuse, tire等。
这些动词构成的过去分词实际上已经成了形容词,它们常常用来修饰人
(2)过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰词之后,作用相当于一个定语从句:What’s the language spoken in that country?那个国家讲的是什么语言?Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.突然出现一个穿绿衣服的青年女子
二。
过去分词作表语
表示主语的状态且该状语通常是由外界因素引起的, 这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词,是形容词化的过去分词,他并没有“完成”或“被动”之意,而是表示主语的状态。
I'm interested in reading novels, written by Jin Yong. 我对金庸的小说很感兴趣.
常见的还有: be surprised, be astonished, be amazed, be moved, be exhausted, be worried, be devoted, be pleased, be inspired, be encouraged, be excited, be delighted, be satisfied, be scared, be frightened, be disappointed
三。
宾语补足语作宾语补足语的过去分词一般是及物动此,和宾语有逻辑主谓关系,可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有:
a. see, hear, watch, feel, find, observe, notice, look at, listen to 表示感觉和心理状态的动词
b. make, get, have, leave 表示"致使"意义的动词
c. like, want, wish, order表示希望,要求等意义的动词
现在分词与过去分词的区别:
1.定语: 现在分词作定语常表示"动作正在进行", 此时或当时的状态等; 过去分词则常表示"动作发生在谓语动词的动作前"等;被修饰的名词一般是现在分词的逻辑主语,是过去分词的逻辑宾语如:
I know the man standing there. 我认识站在那儿的那个人.
2.表语: 现在分词作表语,具有主动的含义,意味着"起这种作用";而过去分词作表语具有被动含义,意味着“受这种影响”。
如:
The work was tiring. 这项工作挺累人的
The workers were soon tired. 工人们很快就感到累了
注意:作表语的过去分词表示状态,构成被动语态的过去分词表示动作:。