翻译概论总结

多项选择：

1. Roman Jakobson’s tripartite classification: intralingual translation (rewording), interlingual translation (translation proper), and intersemiotic translation (transmutation)

2. text types: technical, institutional, literary translation

3. outline of major theories of translation:

(1) Chronologically (by the time of their birth or occurrence): the philological, hermeneutic, linguistic, communicative, sociosemiotic, skopos, manipulative, norm, post-structuralist, postcolonial

(2) topologically (by the particular approach adopted or focus directed by their proponents): their approaches to translation may be grouped into the philological, linguistic, functionalist, semiotic, cultural, philosophical.

重要概念：

1. translation studies:

(1). The paper “the name and nature of translation studies”written by James Holmes in 1988, marks the birth of the discipline of TS.

The descriptive branch: product, process, function-oriented The theoretical branch:general & partial which includes medium, area, rank, text type, time, and problem restricted

The applied branch: translation aids, training and criticism Note: though being lucid and inspiring in his theory, it shall be noted that description and theorizing are usually inseparable from each other in research.

(2). The internal studies and external studies

The internal studies:the theoretical branch takes as its objects of study the nature, principles, and procedures of translation; the applied branch includes translation practice (text analysis and genre translation), T criticism, and the training of translators, development of the translation profession.

Specifically, translation practice includes text analysis and genre translation, and the former covers such areas of research as: source text analysis, comparison of translations & their source texts, comparison of translations and non-translated texts (comparable texts), translation with commentary; while the genre translation covers texts like drama, poetry, prose fiction, religious text, tourism texts, and multimedia texts.

The external translation studies are the derived or borderline parts of TS, covering areas where the internal TS interact or marry with other disciplines, such as history, sociology, cultural anthropology, philosophy, linguistics, psychology, theory of communication, computer science and technology, etc. For example, history of translation; sociology and cultural studies of T; T ethics; terminology management; language and translation technology…

Or historical/cultural translation; translation ethics; terminology and glossaries; translation and technology

The internal studies and the external studies of translation are related and complementary to each other in that the research results in the former provide the latter with both a theoretical basis and a practical focus of concern while the research findings in external studies contribute to the depth and breadth of internal studies by providing new observations and new perspectives.

2. definition of translation:

According to Wilss (1995), translation is an action directed toward both the source text and the reader of the target language. Its procedure is determined by its function and it