免疫进化算法

XIDIAN
UNIVERSITY
KEY LAB FOR RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING
Inspirations from immune system
The natural immune system is a complex adaptive system, which can be regarded as a good reference for our researches, for example, adaptive computation, computer simulation, modeling, nonlinear dynamical analysis, etc. Vaccination is the main method people use to improve our immune capability and many good results have been received, and therefore, it is another reference for our designing of algorithms or system structure.
The aim of vaccination is to mimic the process of naturally occurring infection through artificial means. Three different types:
Attenuated microbes; Killed or fragmented organisms; Toxoids.
XIDIAN UNIVERSITY KEY LAB FOR RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING
Lines of defense
1st lines of defense are the physical barriers which include the skin, urine, tears, ciliary elevator, mucosal membrane, etc. 2nd lines of defensen are the macrophage system, complement, fever, interferon and inflammation. 3rd lines of defense are the specific system also known as acquired or adaptive immunity. The specific system consists of B cells (humoral), and T cells (cell-mediated).
XIDIAN
UNIVERSITY
KEY LAB FOR RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING
Practice of vaccines
The practice of vaccination against disease began in 1796 by Edward Jenner, who used the pus of blisters from cowpox to vaccinate people against smallpox. Vaccination is perhaps viewed as the strongest preventive measure against disease in modern health care, and its practice and protocol has been improved in recent years by a growing number of doctors and scientists.
Photograph© UPI/Corbis-Bettmann
XIDIAN
UNIVERSITY
KEY LAB FOR RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING
What is a virus?
Viruses are a simple form of life a few genes wrapped in a protective shell. These genes are the instructions for making new viruses. Outside a cell, a virus can't reproduce itself; but once a virus invades a living cell, it turns that cell into a virus factory. In time, thousands of new viruses burst out and go on to invade other cells.
Viruses, bacteria and other germs are all around us.
Most of the time, a healthy immune system keeps us well.
Photograph© A.J. Olsen, The Scripps Research Institute, 1987
Illustration, Robin Hotchkiss
XIDIAN
UNIVERSITY
KEY LAB FOR RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING
How our bodies fight disease?

Helper T cells direct the defense
Helper T cells spot the foreign antigen on the macrophage and begin to multiply. They alert other white blood cells and direct the body's defense.
White blood cells defend against germs
The immune system is made up of many different kinds of white blood cells. White blood cells work together to protect us against disease-causing germs.
Illustration, Robin Hotchkiss
XIDIAN
UNIVERSITY
KEY LAB FOR RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING
How our bodies fight disease?

B cells make antibodies
B cells start to make chemicals called antibodies. Antibodies lock onto foreign antigens making it easier for other immune cells to destroy them.
XIDIAN
UNIVERSITY
KEY LAB FOR RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING
Definition of immunity
Protection against infectious disease by either specific or nonspecific mechanisms. Pertaining to the immune system or immune response
Immune Evolutionary Algorithms
Dr. Lei WANG
XIDIAN UNIVERSITY KEY LAB FOR RADAR SIGNAL PROSESSING
2.76B Chemin du Musee 3 CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Tel: ++41 26 300 8473 Fax: ++41 26 300 9731 E-mail: wanglei_2008@yahoo.com
Illustration, Robin Hotchkiss
XIDIAN
UNIVERSITY
KEY LAB FOR RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING
Fundamentals of the immune system
The immune system is the name of a collection of molecules, cells, and organs whose complex interaction form an efficient system that is usually able to protect an individual from both outside invaders and its own altered internal cells which lead to disease. The immune system is comprised of the lymphoid tissues and organs of the body. The immune system is into two components, non- divided specific, also referred to as innate or non-adaptive immunity, and specific which is also known as acquired or adaptive immunity.
Illustration, Robin Hotchkiss
XIDIAN
UNIVERSITY
KEY LAB FOR RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING
How our bodies fight disease?

Macrophages identify germs
When a germ invades our bodies, macrophages gobble up the germ and display its surface shape, or antigen, for other immune cells to see.
XIDIAN
UNIVERSITY
KEY LAB FOR RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING
Theory of vaccines
Vaccines are suspensions of infectious agents used to artificially induce immunity against specific diseases.
Illustration, Robin Hotchkiss
XIDIAN
UNIVERSITY
KEY LAB FOR RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING
How our bodies fight disease?

Killer T cells destroy germs
Alerted by helper T cells, killer T cells multiply and destroy the invading germs. Working together, our white blood cells can usually destroy invading germs.
Photograph© Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
Photograph© Mushin Ozel, Robert Koch-Institute
XIDIAN
UNIVERSITY
KEY LAB FOR RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING
How our bodies fight disease?
Part one:
Natural immune systems
Important sources of inspiration to our mind.
XIDIAN
UNIVERSITY
KEY LAB FOR RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING
Leabharlann Baidu
Safe due to our immune system