《高级职业英语》、《高级时事英语》作业指导文李晨

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外语特长生求职简历

外语特长生求职简历求职意向期望从事职业：-翻译（英语翻译）、广交会外语翻译、专职外语翻译期望月薪：3500元工作经历2012年1-3月，在广州冰福生物科技有限公司当外籍经理助理，主要协助外籍经理处理工作，及负责产品销售推广工作；2011年7-8月，在云浮青少年宫暑假培训班当辅导老师，主要负责一年级到高一年级学生英语、数学等科目的学习；2010年7-8月，在云浮市旭升国际货运代理有限公司当文员，主要负责沟通客户、校对跟单以及相关文件的翻译工作等；业余时间进行礼仪小姐、街舞商业演出以及贸易相关邮件的中英文互译等兼职。

教育经历毕业院校：2008年9月-2012年6月，就读广州外语外贸大学，外语系，高级翻译专业。

主修课程：高级日常英语，高级休闲英语，高级职业英语，高级时事英语，高级英语写作，跨文化交际，变化中的英语文学阅读与欣赏，英语综合实践，英美国家概况，英语报刊选姓名：刘性别：男更新日期：2010年12月19日民族：汉族户籍：江西年龄：28婚姻状况：未婚身高：168cm现所在地：广东深圳希望地区：广东深圳希望岗位：其他类-其他类。

待遇要求：面议— 1/3 —— 1/3 —最快到岗：随时到岗。

教育/培训1999-09~2003-07北京科技大学英语本科。

工作经验至今0年0月工作经验,曾在2家公司工作。

技能/专长。

语言能力：普通话流利,粤语一般英语水平：CET-4英语口语：熟练第一外语：英语熟练第二外语：日语一般计算机能力：全国计算机等级考试一级计算机详细技能：熟练掌握Windows操作系统的相关操作和MSOffice 办公软件的操作。

其它技能：熟悉ERP和MRP系统。

发展方向。

能发挥自己的才华就好了。

自我评价。

本人综合素质佳，能够吃苦耐劳，忠诚稳重坚守诚信正直原则，勇于挑战自我开发自身潜力；具备良好的人品，乐于与人沟通，生活在群体之中，能够与人进行客观直接的沟通，具有较强的团队管理能力和与人合作的精神，能够积极互动努力达成团队的目标；善于学习，勤奋务实，具备广泛的兴趣和很丰富的知识，适应能力强，能够在很段时间内融入一个新的领域，适应他并且把他做好。

中央电大2009年7月高级职业英语试题

It is an old
Chines巳tradition
to attach great importance and ceremony to the art of Young people
dining. When friends come for dinner , they are often treated to a sumptuous banquet , which results in a lot of left-overs , which turns out sometimes a huge waste. nowadays pay more attention to quality than quantity , though , and
试卷代号 : 1 0 1 6
中央广播电视大学 2 0 0 8 -2 0 0 9学年度第二学期"开放本科"期末考试
高级职业英语试题
2009 年7 月
注
意
事
项
一、将你的学号、姓名ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏
内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带
出考场。
二、仔细阅读题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上的答案元，效。三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。
1. All studies show that only heavy drinking can cause birth defects.
2. Two pints of beer counts as four units of alcoho l. 3. Doctors recommend a man should drink no more than two pints of beer and two glasses of wine a day. 4. Men can drink more than women because they weigh more. 5. The French habit of wine drinking is thought to be a factor in the low rates of heart disease there. 6. A few drinks with friends will make you feel more inhibited. 7. If a group of people is going out with their own car , it is a sensible idea forone of them not to drink any alcoho l. 8. In the UK there is no legal limit on the amount of alcohol a driver can drink. 9. Alcohol has social and health benefits as well as problems. 10. If we drink over the recommended number of units a day , we risk diseases to the liver and other organs. Part 2: Questions

《成功指南(1)》期末复习指导(精)

《成功指南（1）》期末复习指导开放教育本科英语专业《成功指南（1）》期末复习指导《成功指南1----导向》是远距离开放教育本科英语专业的入门、导向课程，旨在引导学生转变学习观念，尽快进入自主学习的状态。

本课程期末考试由各分校自行组织,省校提供参考题型。

为搞好该课程的学习，对本课程的期末复习和考试特提出以下意见：一．教学目的作为远距离学习者，学生要学会对自己负责，要培养独立思考的自学能力，要学会选择适合自己的学习方法，要具备自我管理、自我约束的能力。

学生对此从一开始就要有清醒的认识，做好充分的思想准备，这对于学生认识、了解远距离开放学习，逐步建立起以远距离开放模式进行学习的信心和决心是至关重要的。

二．教材：《成功指南1----导向》（A Guide to Success: Orientation）,顾曰国主编，外语教学与研究出版社，1996年9月第1版，1999年8月第4次印刷。

三．教学安排本课程全部为面授课，在第1、2周内分两次面授完成教学，学生自学学时数不少于18学时。

本课程为第一学年《高级日常英语》、《高级休闲英语》、《高级职业英语》、《高级时事英语》四门课程的先行课。

本课程期末考试由各分校自行组织。

成绩计算方法如下：平时成绩占20分，期末考试成绩为：卷面成绩100分X80%=80分。

平时成绩与期末考试成绩之和为本课程成绩。

本课程成绩及格者获1学分。

四．对学员的学习要求远距离学习者在学习过程中还需制定具体的计划和措施，以保证在工学矛盾突出的情况下能持之以恒地坚持学习。

这其中既包括决心和毅力，也包括选择适合自己的学习方法，合理安排利用时间，更需要争取家人和单位的支持。

通过学习该课程，学生应做到：1）准备好学习用品：笔记本、录音机（用于听力练习和自录音）、空白录音带、辞典、自学档案袋、作业档案袋、相关学习材料；2）制定增强信心、决心和毅力的措施；3）明确适合自己的学习方法和习惯，包括自录音计划；4）制定学习计划：包括每周的工作、学习、生活日程表及三年的学习计划与安排。

《高级职业英语》、《高级时事英语》考前复习串讲课程讲稿汇总

《高级职业英语》、《高级时事英语》考前复习串讲课程讲稿主讲：李晨一、课文框架纵览(其中标红部分为口语考试需着重复习的单元，复习方法请听“口语考前集训营”第四期和第五期的录音回放：第四期：节目回放节目大纲第五期：节目回放节目大纲)1.高级职业英语课程目标：1)工作中的8个主题展开英语综合技能的训练；2)听说读写技能，尤其注重英语听说能力的培养；3)了解英美等英语国家职业的文化特征。

2.高级时事英语课程目标：1)时事生活中的8个主题；2)听说读写技能，尤其注重英语读写能力的培养；3)了解英语国家宣传媒体的几种常见形式，体会新闻英语语体的一些特点，掌握有关时事报道的听力技巧。

请注意，针对听力和口试题，《高级职业英语》中如下页码中的听力材料必须听懂并理解：P49-51; P103-104; P154-155; P197-199; P275-277; P329-331; P369-371《高级时事英语》中如下页码中的听力材料必须听懂并理解：P50-51; P117; P170-172; P233-234; P284-285; P334-335; P382-383; P427二、试题框架简述《高职》、《高时》的笔试均包括三部，各部分分值和时间分配如下——Section I: Listening Test (25 points, 30 minutes)Section II: Reading Test (50 points, 60 minutes)Section III: Writing Test (25 points, 30 minutes)两门考试均有样题，可供熟悉试题框架和模拟测试用，具体的试题位置见下图（图1&图2）：图1图2三、答题技巧点拨1. Section I. Listening Test：满分：25分题型：multiple-choice; table-filling or blank-filling ; true/false judgment听力材料类型：会话，mini-presentation/monologue听力放两遍。

shsh10

《高级时事英语》第5、6单元辅导材料（4）More Practice with the VideoUnit 5 deals with a very important issue, our environment. The present situation is very worrying. Do you remember the listening passage in which the speaker talks about her personal experience of watching one place change from what was really a beauty spot to something that resembled a rubbish dump? As an individual, what do you think you can contribute to the environmental protection in everyday life? Always remember the quotation starting off this unit: We should be good guests on earth, neither too demanding nor disturbing its delicate balance. We should allow it to renew itself for those who are to follow.1.What are the “greenhouse gases”?2.How does the “greenhouse effect” operate?∙What do the greenhouse gases absorb?∙What does this do to the temperature?3.Is the “greenhouse effect” a natural phenomenon or a man-made phenomenon?TextWe are quite concerned… it’s spoiling the atmosphere, isn’t it? It’s very bad.Basically it’s a lot of polluting of the atmosphere…Many things that have happened … wars … I think these things are having an influence. Something to do with the earth’s weather… the bad weather … the ozone layer.… the burning of fossil fuels like oil and coal.Do you know what the greenhouse effect is? No, not really!It’s the er … introduction of pollutants into the atmosphere which traps the CO2 and the sun’s rays, building up heat, mel ting the ice caps - supposedly - they don’t have any real scientific proof…Pollution forms a kind of layer which prevents the carbon diox ide, or the sun’s rays which enter, from escaping. And this means that in the future it’ll get very hot on earth.The sun is our only external source of heat and energy. The earth’s temperature is maintained by a balanc e between heating from the sun’s rays and cooling caused by energy escaping to space from the earth’s warm surface and atmosphere. This natural balance between incoming and outgoing energy is essential to life on earth.On a clear day most of the energy arriving from the sun in the form of short-wavelength radiation passes through the atmos phere to warm the earth’s surface. This energy must be got rid of to maintain the energy balance. It escapes in the form of longer-wavelength, infra-red radiation.But if infra-red radiation could escape directly into space, then the earth would be thirty degrees colder than it is today - it would be uninhabitable. Fortunately much of this radiation is absorbed in the atmosphere by the so-called “greenhouse gases”, makin g the world much warmer than it would be without them. These gases act rather like the glass in a greenhouse which allows sunlight to enter, provides shelter from the wind, and prevents most of the infra-red energy from escaping, keeping the temperature warm.So the Greenhouse Effect is not a man-made phenomenon - in fact it is perfectly natural! It has influenced the development of all our eco-systems by stabilising atmospheric temperatures at levels conducive to plant, animal, and human life.But for this kind of life to survive on earth it is essential that the right balance be maintained between incoming and outgoing energy. By increasing greenhouse gas emissions we are disturbing this age-old balance. Many of us think of greenhouse gases as being only the dirty emissions of car exhausts and industrial smoke stacks, but in fact there are six important gases occurring randomly in the atmosphere in small quantities. These gases are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide and, more recently, chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs. Apart from CFCs, all of these gases occur naturally, but human activity is increasing their concentrations. This increase is causing the “enhanced greenhouse effect”, a man-made and potentially dangerous phenomenon. Carbon dioxide is by far the most significant of the man-made greenhouse gases. Although it occurs naturally, it is also the one we produce in the greatest quantity. Industrialisation has meant a greater use of fuels extracted from the ground, such as coal, gas, and oil - these are known as “fossil fuels”, and, when burned, they produce large amounts of CO2.Transport and the generating of electricity alone account for about 45 per cent of fossil fuel CO2 emissions. It is estimated that during the last two hundred years the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has risen by twenty-six percent. Levels have never been this high since humans inhabited the planet. Carbon dioxide now accounts for about fifty-five percent of the enhanced greenhouse effect. Ice core samples have provided accurate data on the atmosphere going back thousands of years. This data, together with modern observations, shows a clear rise, not only in carbon dioxide levels, but also in those of methane and other greenhouse gases.The rising levels of methane are at least partly due to increased rice production, waste disposal, mining, cattle ranching, and the large scale extraction and transportation of natural gas. All of them produce significant quantities of methane, and all of them are on the increase.Ozone is familiar to all of us by now as the substance which protects us from the sun’s harmful ultra-violet rays. The highest concentrations exist in the upper atmosphere and form what is know as “the ozone layer”. It is damage to this protective layer that has caused so much concern in recent years. But ozone also plays a significant role as agreenhouse gas. Due to a complex chemical reaction in the lower atmosphere a number of substances (most of them man-made) come together and ozone is formed. The amount of ozone produced depends largely on weather conditions and sunlight, but it is on the increase.Natural vegetation emits large quantities of nitrous oxide, but the increased concentrations of this gas are thought to come mainly from agriculture and the burning of “biomass” such as wood and other vegetation.Chlorofluorocarbons are the only greenhouse gases to be exclusively man-made. They are non-toxic and inert which makes them safe and useful as aerosol propellants, refrigerants and insulators. They are also used in the manufacture of foam rubber and for cleaning electronic components. CFCs are well known to most of us as the gases blamed for depleting the ozone layer. But they are also a powerful greenhouse agent contributing to the enhanced greenhouse effect. They are particularly significant because they absorb infra-red radiation not absorbed by the other gases.Water vapour is undoubtedly the most important greenhouse gas, but it is also perhaps the least well understood. It occurs naturally, is invisible, and is not directly affected by human ac tivity. However, it is affected indirectly through an important “feedback mechanism”: warming brought about by other gree nhouse gases increases evaporation and allows the atmosphere to hold more water vapour. This may, in turn, enhance the warming.Some gases are more stable in the atmosphere than others. So it’s not just the amount we pump out that’s important. The quantity of any gas in the atmosphere is determined by a balan ce between its emissions and the size and strength of its available “sinks”. Sinks are processes which remove substances from the atmosphere by absorbing them. In the case of carbon dioxide, for example, the main natural sinks are absorption by the oceans and photosynthesis, occurring both on land and at sea. The sun’s rays strike green plants, driving a process in which carbon from the atmosphere is captured and fixed in the plant itself whilst oxygen is emitted. But often, even this carbon is not removed from the atmosphere for long. Only plant and marine life which dies and becomes fixed in the earth or sea bed to eventually fossilise removes carbon permanently from the climate system. If it is not subsequently burned as fuel. Although we increase CO2 levels by burning ever greater quantities of fossil fuels, the effect of the increase is further exacerbated by the fact that we are also reducing the size of the world’s natural sinks such as forest cover. In fact,deforestation usually adds to both sides of the equation. The world’s climate is a complex system governed by an inte raction between the atmosphere, the ocean, land, ice caps, glaciers, and sea ice. These elements form a carefully balanced equilibrium into which we have introduced a new and potentially destabilising element.The excess energy trapped by man-made greenhouse gases will cause our climate to change, although we don’t know exactly how. The social and political consequences of climate change will be especially acute for people whose lives depend most critically on the present climate patterns. Human hunger and poverty are already on the increase. If food supplies fail, migrants from degraded areas, in search of arable land and fresh water, could aggravate social and political conflict.Details are often disputed, but the fundamental problem is clear: our current rates of greenhouse gas emissions amount to nothing less than a world-wide, uncontrolled, and potentially cata strophic experiment with the earth’s climate.The dangers are prov en. We know that it’s disastrous - we can fight against it. Each of us can do something, regardless of who creates the most pollution… that’s what I think! Words & Expressionsinfra-red radiation visible light is simply that part of the electro-magnetic spectrumthat the human eye can detect; ultra-violet(outer blue) and infra-red (below red) are on either side of the visible spectrumsmoke-stacks chimneys, especially in factories and furnaces chlorofluorocarbons any of a group of exceptionally stable compounds containingchlorine, fluorine, and chlorinefossil fuels any fuel, as coal or petroleum, formed below ground from theremains of plants and animals during the geological pastice core samples For exploration of the earth’s interior, scientists use a long,hollow drill which drills out a long column of earth (or ice) calleda core. This core has layers or strata whose depth indicate theirage.cattle ranching the breeding of cows on large open farms, called ranches, in theAmericas (methane is produced by cattle dung)biomass a technical word used in biology and agriculture - it refers to thetotal amount of organic material in any given areanon-toxic non-poisonousinert without active properties (ie they don’t react with other chemicalsor gases)aerosol propellants the gases that carry the perfume or insecticide from a spray can refrigerants the gases that make your refrigerator coldinsulators materials that prevent the transfer of heat or cold or electricity foam rubber light sponge-like rubberexacerbate to make things worsephotosynthesis the photochemical process in which the energy of sunlight is usedby green plants to synthesise carbohydrates (eg starch, sugar)from carbon dioxide and waterequation a mathematical or chemical formula eg x + y = zglaciers huge sheets of ice covering many high mountainsequilibrium a state of equal balancedestabilising element any factor which unbalances a situationmigrants people who move from one place to another (nomads are migrants- many birds migrate in the winter)aggravate like exacerbate - to increase the gravity of a situation or a sickness DrillTable 1.Table 2.Answers to Focus Questions1.There are six important gases occurring randomly in the atmosphere in smallquantities. These gases are water vapour(H2O) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ozone (O3), nitrous oxide(NO2)and, more recently, chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs. (you can fill in table 1 from this answer)2.The greenhouse gases absorb the infra-red radiation, thus preventing it from escapingand keeping the temperature warm.3.We human beings didn’t cause the greenhouse effect, but we have increased theconcentrations of greenhouse gases, thus causing an enhanced greenhouse effect. Answers to drill (fill in Table 2 from this answer)1.OK, let’s fill in the first box level: The gas is carbon dioxide. It is produced largely byburning fossil fuels, and its significance is that it causes about 55% of the enhanced greenhouse effect. Now for the next one, CFCs:2.So CFCs are used as aerosol propellants –that’s the gas that carries the substance youwant to spray, like mosquito killer and so on, as refrigerants, that’s the gas that makesyour refrigerator cold, and in insulation. The significance of CFCs in the atmosphere is twofold - firstly they deplete the ozone layer, and secondly they absorb infra-red radiation, thus keeping in a lot more heat than before.Some other possible comprehension questions1.How is the earth’s temperature maintained?2.What would happen if infra-red radiation escaped easily?3.Do CFCs occur naturally?4.What is the most common greenhouse gas?5.How do we know what atmospheric levels were like thousands of years ago?6.What are the causes and significance of increased methane?7.What are the causes and significance of increased ozone?8.what are the causes and significance of increased nitrous oxide?9.What is the effect of the feedback mechanism on water vapour?10.What determines the quantity of any gas in the system?11.Explain exactly how deforestation adds to both sides of the equation.12.What is the danger from land- and water-migrants?Answers to the extra questions1. a balance between heating from the sun and cooling by radiation2.Earth would cool by 30 degrees - become uninhabitable.3.No –they’re man-made as compounds (though the elements occur naturally, ofcourse).4.CO25.by drilling ice-core samples and analysing the layers6.rice production, waster disposal, mining, ranching, gas extraction - increasedgreenhouse effect7.formed by a combination of substances plus sunlight - increased greenhouse effect8.agriculture and burning of wood and crops - increased greenhouse effect9.Warming allows more water vapour to be carried in the atmosphere which leads tomore warming.10.the balance between gas emission and the natural sinks for the gas11.The trees are burned, which adds to the nitrous oxide/CO2, and their loss lessens thesize of the sink.12.social and political conflict (ie war)Topics for further discussion1.What are governments doing about global warming? Is it enough, and is it soonenough?2.What can individuals do about the greenhouse effect and excessive emissions ofharmful gases?3.How does China compare with the rest of the world in terms of pollution andgreenhouse effect?4.Can you think of any recent conflicts that have as their base the scarcity of water orother natural resources?5.What are the long-term solutions to these problems?。

时事英语大纲

《高级时事英语》形考答案教师：赵军Assignment for unit oneTask I listeningNews for the weekHeadline: man kills familyMain idea: a man shot and killed five members in his family and then phoned a friend.Listening for pleasureHeadline: mind your own businessMain idea: an Australia man invited some of his Chinese friends to dinner, after the meal his friends insisted on asking him “how much the dinner costs”, at last he told them it was none of their business.Assignment for unit twoWriting: unwelcome giftJack and Laowang are good friends for years. A few days ago, Laowang invited jack for dinner to wish him farewell before his return to states.Jack went to Wang’s family for dinner and made a short speech; meanwhile, he presented Laowang with an antique clock to thank him for his help and support in these years. But then Laowang put this clock in another room. This made Jack confused and he said: “I’d like you to accept this small clock as a token of our long friendship”. “Thank you”, Wang said. “Don’t you like it”, “thank you”.At this moment another guest explained to Jack: giving a clock unlucky in Chinese culture and the word clock ----- zhong ----- also means end of life. But Jack said: “clock is the typical gift in America and everyone would b e pleased”.At last, Jack said: “I was visiting china for years, used to cultural differences and never heard about clocks being unlucky. Cultural differences are part of the fun of traveling and now I have a lot to learn from Chinese”.Assignment for unit threeTask I listeningNews for the weekHeadline: a most unusual schoolMain idea: children at Summerhill are given as much freedom as possible.Listening for pleasureHeadline: carsMain idea: talk about the advantages and disadvantages of cars.Assignment for unit fourWriting: televisionTelevision presents a vivid world in front of us. We can bring the theater, art, con certs, and sports events into our homes when we might otherwise never be able to see them. Television brings the world to people who cannot travel.Television can also play an educational role in our daily life. Not only can we hear and see news as it happens, we can actually observe the paces and the people involved. Also people are able to take college courses by television. We are more knowledgeable of the whole world because of television.However, television can also be harmful. Many of the programs now available show violence and scenes which are harmful to young people. Some students watch television instead of studying and doing exercise. Even though TV can educate and bring the world to us, we must carefully select the programs to watch. Assignment for unit fiveTask I listeningNews for the weekHeadline: state to improve controls on landMain idea: measures to protect farmlands and control the growing land market.Listening for pleasureHeadline: domestic violenceMain idea: domestic violence is a serious crime which causes serious social problems. Assignment for unit sixWriting: alcoholic drinkingAlcoholic drinking is a big social problem in China today and needs to be tackled seriously. Excessive drinking of strong spirits both at home and in bars has already brought much suffering both the individual drinker and his family and society. My neighbor is a person who drinks a lot everyday. Every time he gets drunk, his wife gets very angry and blames him. He will not accept what she says. The result is that they fight noisily and we are all disturbed.In my opinion, social help should be offered to alcoholics first. The government should set up a special kind of service trying to provide counseling and education to them. This should make them realize the serious consequences drink brings to both themselves and their family and the society. At the same time the government should pass more laws to restrict alcoholic production and consumption.In dealing with alcoholic drinking, we should be patient with those alcoholics who suffer from kinds of troubles. But meanwhile, we need to be determined in our efforts to eliminate. Assignment for unit sevenTask I listeningNews for the weekHeadline: British womanhoodMain idea: it gives some general information about what has been discovered by the central statistical office in its first comprehensive report and gives illustrations of different types of women to be found in Britain today.Listening for pleasureHeadline: cyberspace for kids?Main idea: children’s fascination with computers is not guaranteed to last. The internet can be frustrating for kids if steps are not taken to ensure that they know how to use it.Assignment for unit eightWriting: how to spend the moneyRefer to the book page 422 for the passage “how to spend the money”.Reading assignment 1Title of your reading: should the Press be humanAuthor and source of your reading: Katharine Whitehorn in The ObserverThe main idea: the author attacks journalists who witness crimes or acts of atrocity and deliberately do nothing to help to get a good story or paragraph, and concludes that journalists should remain human .Reading assignment 2Title of your reading: Parenting’s best-kept secret: Reading to your childrenAuthor and source of your reading: Barbara Bush in The Reader’s DigestThe main idea: children who have been read to by their parents regularly from an early age seem to have a much greater interest in books and start school ahead of others in their readiness to read.时事文章选读（2）——OldWaysNeverDie2005年03月17日陈宗伦Old ways never dieGIANT lanterns in the shapes of roosters, fish and dragons illuminated the night of Feb23, with families crowding into the City God Temple to see the lanterns, solve the lapuzzles and burn incense.The colouful lanterns have attracted more people than usual this year. It is reporteda daily average of more than 200,000 people crowded into the City God Temple to selanterns during the Spring Festival holiday.“More people have come than in past years,” said Zhang Qianhua, an employee at theGod Temple.The city’s other temples, such as the Longhua Temple and the Jing’an Temple, also recmore visitors coming to place joss sticks in their incense burners.“We received more than100,000 people who came all the way here to light incense sticks in the Spring Festisaid Liu Huaming, a security official from Longhua Temple. “The long queue stretchedaround the temple.”Giant incense burners in the temple were full of the remains of joss sticks and bigfor people to make donations were full.“I came here to worship the Buddha and hope for a good luck blessing for the coming y said Zhang Jie, a visitor to the temple.It is the second year Zhang has gone to the temple to worship and burn incense. He participated in such activities in the past, but he said he felt better after worsh the gods.“The worship of Chinese gods in the temples is spreading all over the country. It is bo even in Shanghai, a city with a long history of Western cultural influence,” said Dashen, a research fellow with the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences.Superstitious beliefsNot only poorly educated people in the countryside but also well-educated people now to the old Chinese customs for a feeling of security and calmness, said Kuai.“A lack of security and worries about the future contribute to the trend fostering re of Chinese customs and religious activities,” said Professor Gu Donghui, an expe sociology from Fudan University.Professor Gu said the rapidly changing society filled people at all levels with fee of insecurity and loss.As there is no dominant religion in China, the old Chinese customs and local gods as the City God and the gods of mountains serve as substitute religions, said Gu.“The growing prosperity has also enabled people to afford activities such as bur incense and building new temples,” he said.“In our efforts to promote the best of Chinese folklore and culture, we should al alert to the re-emergence of superstitions and unhealthy customs,” said Kuai.Bazi suanming (Chinese astrology), xiang mian (Chinese face reading to tell one’s fo and future) and going to temples to qiu qian (to divine by the lot) are gradually rega ground among Chinese people after being suppressed after 1949.The month before the Spring Festival witnessed a soaring number of marriages in a b avoid getting married in 2005, which according to diviners is regarded as the a bad for marriage. According to the Chinese lunar calendar, 2005 has no Spring Day, so who get married in this year will be prone to become widows.Statistics from the Beijing Civil Affairs Bureau found an average of 293 couples-registered for marriage in the last month before the Spring Festival. State media reported the offices for marriage registration were over-crowded in the 10 days b the Spring Festival.“The saying is groundless and against science,” said Kuai the research fellow. the dilemma remains — superstitions are becoming more and more popular as people better educated and their living standard improves.”A report released by the Chinese Association of Science and Technology in May, 2004 that 12 per cent of people in China believe in superstitions.A report from a Shandong-based newspaper said the monks in the temples of Mount Tai to work more than 12 hours a day to receive the visitors who go there asking to be their fortune and fate in the coming year.Some people spent more than 400,000 yuan (US$48,000) to gain the right to plant the joss stick in various temples.State media reported that even some officials had strong beliefs in the gods, hopi get their blessing and support in career conflicts.“Religious worship and burning incense have revived at a rapid speed along with old customs,” said Professor Gu. “Such a phenomenon has not been seen in recent dec It is not only a matter of superstitions but also a matter of corruption of belief o whole nation.”Western influenceExperts also found Chinese customs were being gradually mixed with Western custom cultural elements.“Western customs are gradually being accepted by the younger generations,” said Fulan, president of the Shanghai Folklore and Culture Society.“Christmas and Valentine’s Day have become more and more popular among the youn generations,” said Zhong.Flowers and specially made Valentine’s Day cakes sell well around Valentine’s Day, de the sky-high prices.“Roses have been sold out on February 14,” said Xu Jianmin, a flower shop owner in YDistrict. “We received more than 100 orders for flowers and our store ran out.” Accoto Xu, the price of roses around Valentine’s Day doubles or even triples.“There are more and more middle-aged and aged people buying flowers for that day,”Xu. “Such sights were rarely seen in previous years.”A specially decorated tree was placed in the City God Temple on Valentine’s Day for lto make wishes, which they could write down on a piece of paper and hang it on the“My boyfriend came all the way from Hangzhou to celebrate Valentine’s Day withsaid Zhou Yan, a university student from Shanghai University. “We promised to stay togat this time every year.”“I hope the acceptance of Western customs will not lead to Chinese traditions fading asaid Kuai.《高级时事英语》课程教学辅导Unit 5-6Unit 1-2Unit 3-4 Unit 5-6 Unit 7-8The following passage is chosen from Oral Workshop: Discussion。

关于20032004学年度第二学期期末考试的补充通知

关于2003—2004学年度第二学期期末考试的补充通知各分校、工作站：根据中央电大电校考[2004]17号文件精神，现将2003—2004学年度第二学期期末考试补充通知如下：（部分内容04年考试文件中已含）一、开放教育本科课程考试1．高级日常英语、高级休闲英语课程口试共用同一组题签，高级职业英语、高级时事英语课程口试共用同一组题签，跨文化交际单独使用一组题签。

以上课程口试题签内装：（1）三组相同的考题，每组3套题签。

其中，一组供学生抽签答题用，另二组供教师评分使用；（2）评分标准2份；（3）成绩登记表4份。

2．变化中的英语单独使用一组题签，内装（1）三组相同的考题，每组6份题签。

其中，一组供学生抽签答题用，另二组供教师评分使用；（2）评分标准2份；（3）成绩登记表4份。

3．《混凝土结构》考试文件中试卷号为（6034），教务管理软件报考数据中试卷号为（1114）。

《高层建筑结构与抗震》考试文件中试卷号为（6035），教务管理软件报考数据中试卷号为（1109）。

《钢结构》考试文件中试卷号为（6036），教务管理软件报考数据中试卷号为（1108）。

二、开放教育专科课程考试⒈原定于7月18日13：00—15：00进行的保险学概论（2017号）、财务管理（2038号）、数据库基础与应用（2076号和2804号）、药事管理学（2128号）四门课程的考试时间均改为7月18日16：00—18：00。

⒉根据部分电大开课的需要，本学期增加以下五门课程的考试，考试时间安排如下：请开设了以上课程的电大在教务管理系统中增加以上课程的考试。

⒊现代文员专业中国文学通论（2）（2212号）课程考试由闭卷改为开卷。

⒋Visual Basic程序设计（2231号）使用Visual Basic编程与应用（2060号）试卷和试卷号。

需在教务系统中进行如下操作：（1）在考务管理模块“考试课程管理”中删除Visual Basic程序设计课程；（2）在“计划开考课程管理”中将Visual Basic程序设计课程所有记录的试卷号改为2060；（3）在“考试课程管理”中刷新。

中山电大2024年1月期末考试通知

关于2024年1月期末考试支配的通知各教学班：2024年1月期末考试定于2014年1月5日至15日进行。

现将本次考试支配通知如下，请遵照执行。

一、期末考试时间支配，详见附件。

二、关于基于网络考核改革试点课程的有关考试说明：1、基于网络考核改革试点课程的终结性考试将在2014年1月5日至8日进行，详细时间支配以准考证时间为准。

2、2024年1月基于网络课程考核改革统设试点课程的终结性考试成果不合格（包括报考但缺考）的学生可在2014年3月2日（2014年2月26日前报考）参与该课程的补考。

三、有关考试的几点说明：(一)本次考试每天支配4个单元的考试。

各考试科目考核方式详见附件，凡注明“开卷”或“半开卷”的为开卷或半开卷，除此之外均为闭卷。

(二)从2024年春季起，凡中心统设课更换新教材的课程考试只供应新版教材的试卷，不再供应旧版教材的试卷。

(三)《法律文书》（1073）、《证据学》（1017）、《宏微观经济学》（1026号）、《应用写作》（5846）、《经济应用文写作》（5867）、《应用写作（汉语）》（2265）考试时间为120分钟；《英语听力（1）》、《英语听力（2）》、《英语听力（3）》考试时间均为50分钟；其它各科考试时间均为90分钟。

（四）开放教化本科的《英语II（2）》和《计算机应用基础》课程参与教化部全国统考，须要另行报考，请开放本科的同学留意通知。

（五）开放教化本科《企业战略管理》、《财务报表分析》一律参与网上形成性考核和网上终结性考试，不供应纸介考试。

开放教化本科《开放教化学习指南》、《审计学》、《会计制度设计》、《金融理论前沿课题》、《税务会计》、《会计政策推断与选择》、《会计准则专题》一律参与网上形成性考核（100%形考），无网上终结性考试，以上课程均不供应纸介考试。

开放本科《教化法学》（试卷号1883）课程考试采纳纸介方式，笔试。

开放专科《电算化会计》（试卷号2818）、《开放教化学习指南》、《国家开放高校学习指南》（试卷号2910）、《纳税筹划与实务》（试卷号8802）等4门课程的考核全部采纳基于网络的形成性考核（100%形考），无网上终结性考试，以上课程均不供应纸介考试。

文学科外国语言文学类英语专业(本科)教学要求.

文学科外国语言文学类英语专业（本科）教学要求一、培养目标本专业主要培养对象为已具有英语大专毕业水平的成人学生。

通过学习，达到英语专业本科毕业的水平，成为适应社会发展需要的、能够从事翻译、教学、管理等工作的德才兼备的应用型高等英语专业人才。

学生毕业时应达到：在思想素质方面,热爱社会主义祖国，拥护中国共产党的领导，具有良好的思想品德、社会公德和职业道德，具有团结合作的品质和健全的心理素质。

在业务素质方面,具有扎实的英语语言基本功、宽广的知识面、一定的语言专业知识和较强的英语综合应用能力；掌握某一专业倾向的基础知识和基本技能；具有获取知识、利用信息、独立思考和创新的能力；具有良好的学习习惯和较强的自学能力。

在身体素质方面,身体健康，能精力充沛地工作。

二、教学要求1听力水平要求：能基本听懂正常语速（速度为每分钟140～180个单词）的英语新闻广播节目以与外国学者用英语做的有关政治、经济、文化、教育、科普等方面的演讲或其他非专题性讨论录音材料，理解大意，把握作者的意图、态度和感情。

2口语能力要求：语音语调基本正确，语流基本顺畅，言语基本得体。

能用英语就所熟悉的话题进行交流，向外宾介绍我国的文化与国情，发表自己的见解。

3阅读能力要求：能基本读懂常见语体和题材的文字材料；能在理解基础上分析文章的思想观点、篇章结构和文体风格；能自觉吸收语言知识，不断提高表达思想的能力。

阅读速度为每分钟120～160个单词，理解准确率以75%为合格。

4写作能力要求：能在一小时内就所给题目写出250～300词的短文，中心思想明确，结构合理，语言基本正确；能就听懂或读懂的材料写出内容摘要或评论，重点明确，用词基本准确；能够写简短应用文，格式规范、语言基本正确。

5英汉互译能力要求：初步掌握英汉互译的基础知识和技巧，能够翻译一般性文字材料，译文忠实原文，语言通顺，符合英汉语表达习惯。

英译汉，要求速度每小时为230～280个单词；汉译英，速度每小时为200～250个汉字。

高级职业英语

《高级职业英语》、《高级时事英语》考前复习串讲课程讲稿主讲：李晨一、课文框架纵览(其中标红部分为口语考试需着重复习的单元，复习方法请听“口语考前集训营”第三期的录音回放：待完善)1.高级职业英语课程目标：1)工作中的8个主题展开英语综合技能的训练；2)听说读写技能，尤其注重英语听说能力的培养；3)了解英美等英语国家职业的文化特征。

开放教育本科

重庆电大2004年秋期开放教育本科开出课程的教材、重庆电大2004年秋期开放教育本科开出课程的教材、责任教师及开考课程基本信息表 2004年秋期开放教育本科开出课程的教材
课程名称公司财务金融统计分析保险学概论宏微观经济学财务案例研究财务报表分析成本管理高级财务管理高级财务会计公司概论管理学基础国民经济核算会计制度设计货币银行学金融法规金融理论前沿课题流通概论企业信息管理企业战略管理人力资源管理审计案例研究现代货币金融学说小企业管理中央银行理论与实务组织行为学组织行为学(教育) 信托与租赁资产评估管理会计市场营销学国际结算国际企业管理财政学(B) 证券投资分析金融市场创造力开发投资分析教材名称及版别公司财务(中央电大) 金融统计分析(中国金融) 保险学概论(中央电大) 西方经济学(本科)(侯荣华中央电大) 财务案例研究(中央电大) 财务报表分析(中央电大) 成本管理 (中央电大) 高级财务管理(中央电大) 高级财务会计(中央电大) 公司概论(中央电大) 管理学基础(中央电大) 国民经济核算教程(中国统计) 会计制度设计(中央电大) 金融学(中央电大) 金融法教程(中央电大) 金融理论前沿课题(中国金融) 流通概论(中央电大) 企业信息管理(中央电大) 企业战略管理(中央电大) 人力资源管理(中央电大) 审计案例研究 (中央电大) 现代西方货币金融学说(中央电大) 小企业管理(中央电大) 中央银行通论(中国金融) 组织行为学(中央电大) 组织行为学(中央电大) 信托与租赁(中国经济) 资产评估学(中央电大) 管理会计(中央电大) 市场营销学(中央电大) 国际结算(复旦大学) 国际企业管理(中央电大) 财政学(中央电大) 证券投资分析(复旦大学) 金融市场学(中国金融) 继教院提供投资分析(当代中国) 责任教师戴峰陈丽虹向玲关筱霞罗小明陈丽虹吴清泉戴峰罗小明易诗莲赖凌云陈丽虹张小红董映震郑瑞平潘璐易诗莲易诗莲杨波鲁绪芝张小红关筱霞赖凌云刘波潘璐潘璐向玲罗小明张小红吴海东董映震杨波王玉波王玉波向玲杨波董映震部门经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经经形考中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大重庆电大重庆电大重庆电大中央电大重庆电大重庆电大重庆电大重庆电大重庆电大重庆电大重庆电大考试性质中央电大统考中央电大统考中央电大统考中央电大统考重庆电大统考中央电大统考中央电大统考中央电大统考中央电大统考中央电大统考中央电大统考中央电大统考中央电大统考中央电大统考中央电大统考中央电大统考中央电大统考重庆电大统考中央电大统考重庆电大统考重庆电大统考中央电大统考中央电大统考中央电大统考中央电大统考中央电大统考重庆电大统考重庆电大统考重庆电大统考重庆电大统考重庆电大统考重庆电大统考重庆电大统考重庆电大统考重庆电大统考重庆电大统考重庆电大统考试卷号 1007 1013 1025 1026 1030 1031 1032 1038 1039 1040 1041 1043 1045 1046 1049 1050 1054 1055 1056 1057 1059 1063 1068 1069 1070 1197 8003 8005 8008 8009 8010 8020 8021 8023 8027 8042 8061 考核方式闭卷闭卷闭卷闭卷开卷闭卷闭卷闭卷闭卷闭卷闭卷闭卷闭卷闭卷闭卷开卷闭卷闭卷闭卷闭卷开卷闭卷闭卷闭卷闭卷开卷闭卷闭卷闭卷闭卷闭卷闭卷闭卷闭卷闭卷开卷闭卷复习资料中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大重庆电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大重庆电大中央电大重庆电大重庆电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大中央电大重庆电大重庆电大重庆电大重庆电大重庆电大重庆电大重庆电大重庆电大重庆电大重庆电大重庆电大备注

《高级职业英语》--Lecture 3 致辞与祝贺信(辞)

Jot down some notes about the person or event you are celebrating. Come up with a personal anecdote that entertains the crowd while complimenting the honoree.
3.2.5. Introduce yourself and speak in a loud, clear voice
Begin by introducing yourself and explaining your relationship to the honoree.. Nothing will unnerve you faster than having people in the back barking, “We can’t hear you!”
Faculty of English Education
October, 2010
1
Speeches/Toasts and Congratulations
1. 视频：《布什总统和胡锦涛主席在白宫午餐会上的祝酒辞》(14’54’’) 《高级职业英语》--Lecture 3 祝词--布什总统和胡锦涛主席在白宫午餐会上的祝酒辞.rm 2. 音频：An Epoch-making Toast (4’) 《高级职业英语》--Lecture 3-- An Epochmaking Toast.mp3 3.
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Speeches/Toasts and Congratulations
III. Tips on how to propose a toast ? Proposing a toast can be stressful. Yet, with a little preparation, you can turn your private moment of anxiety into a public moment of shared happiness. 3.1. What you need: A festive occasion A guest of honor A captive audience A glass of bubbly champagne or wine 3.2. What you should do: 3.2.1. Jot down notes

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《高级时事英语》第1、2单元辅导材料（3）Reading tips:It’s always very useful to use tables to rearrange the information in a text, which will help you a lot with comprehension.The following passage is chosen from English Language Learning (2000, 2)T ASKS:Read the following passage and try to complete the following table with the information provided in the passage.Friendship in different culturesBy Linell DavisIn writing assignments in English classes my students frequently raise the topic of friendship. Reading what they write, I start to understand Chinese friendship obligations. For instance, once a student wrote that she understood that her friend wanted to go shopping. My student was busy and really had no time to do that, but she kept silent, put her work aside and went shopping with her friend, sometimes they write about middle school friends and describe the closeness they feel when they are together. Sometimes they write with great sadness when they feel they are no longer close to someone they considered a friend. All this is quite different from what American young people would say about friendship.In the United States you can certainly ask a friend to do something with you, but you would not expect a friend to recognize and respond to your wishes without stating them. Nor would you expect a friend to drop everything to respond to a non-urgent need such as going shopping. In fact an American friend would feel that they had imposed too much if the friend gave up a real need to study to go shopping. There are limits to what you can expect from a friend. In the U.S. you feel free to ask your friend for help, but you recognize that the friend may say no, if they give you a reason. A friend in China is someone who, sensing that you are in need in some way, offers to assist you without waiting to be asked. In china there are few limits on what you can ask or expect of a friend. Y ou can feel free to tell your friend what he or she can or should do to help you or please you.Chinese expect friendships to be more lastingAnother difference is that my Chinese students seem to expect their friendships to stay the same over a long period of time maybe for a lifetime. A true friendship is a relationship that endures through changes in the lives of the friends. In the United States a person is likely to change even “best friends” several times over the years. Even this relationship in which people feel close emotionally and tell each other their secrets and personal problems may not survive life changes such as move to another city, graduation from a university, a significant change in economic circumstances, or the marriage of one of the friends. I think the reason is that friendship, like so many other relationships in the United States including marriage, depends on frequent interaction with the other person. If the people involved do not see each other and interact regularly, the relationship is likely to wither and die.In the West people often have many friends at one time, but the friendships are usually tied to specific circumstances or activities. When a person changes circumstances and activities, he or she changes friends. A person may have work friends, leisure activity friends and neighborhood friends. Also two people who are friends usually have similar financ ial circumstances. This is because friendships in the West are based on equality. Friends shlould exchange similar activities and give similar things to one another. If one can afford to treat the other to a meal at an expensive restaurant and the other does not have enough money to do the same; it will cause a problem in the relationship.Americans expect friends to be independentAs with so many other things in the West, people prefer to be independent rather than dependent, so they do not feel comfortable in a relationship in which one person is giving more and the other person is dependent on what is being given. For Westerners friendship is mostly a matter of providing emotional support and spending time together. Chinese friends give each other much more concrete help and assistance than Western friends do. A Chinese friend will use personal connections to help a friend get something hard to obtain such as a job, an appointment with a good doctor, an easier path through an official procedure or an introduction to another person who might also be able to give concrete help. Chinese friends give each other money and might help each other out financially over a long period of time. This is rarely part of Western friendships, because it creates dependence of one person on the other and it goes against the principle of equality.American friends like Chinese friends give each other emotional support in times of trouble, but they do it differently. A Westerner will respond to a friend’s trouble by asking, “What do you want to do?” The idea is to help the friend think out the problem and discover the solution he or she really prefers and then to support that solution. A Chinese friend is more likely to give specific advice to a friend. For instance, if in a friendship between two Chinese women, one woman is arguing with her husband, the friend might advise and she says so directly. An American friend in a similar situation may want her friend to choose wise actions too, but she will be very cautious about giving direct advice. Instead she may raise questions to encourage her friend to consider carefully what may happen if she does one thing instead of another.Chinese can usually expect more from their friends than Americans canIn the last chapter we noted that Chinese people often communicate indirectly while Westerners tend to be more direct. In close personal relationships as friendship, the opposite is often the case. Talk between Chinese friends would probably sound too direct to Western ears. As we have seen Chinese codes of etiquette require more formal and polite interactions with strangers or guests than is typical in the West, but in China relationships with friends are much more informal than similar Western relationships.Americans apologize to their friends for minor inconveniences such as telephoning late at night or asking for dome specific help. Even in close friendships Americans use polite forms such as “could you…” and “would you mind…” Because Chinese do not use these polite forms in their close relationships, they probably do not use them when speaking English with Westerners they know well. As a result they may seem to be too direct or demanding to their Western friends. At the same time a Chinese person who is friends with an American continues to be formally polite after two have established their relationship.。

深圳电大开放教育英语课程形成性考核实践研究

查对象。参加两次问卷调查的学生一共有４４人，其中，男生为４５８人，占１％；女生３６人，占８％；８％的学生年龄介３８７５于２￣２０９岁之间，平均年龄为２；８％的学生工作年限是５２１～５年，平均工作年限为３年；０９％为全日制工作者。参加问卷调查的教师共有８位，男女各半，硕士毕业，平均年龄３８岁，平均教龄为１。第一次（０５年春）发放学生问６年２０卷２６份，回收２４份，回收率达到８％；教师问卷４份，７４８回收４份，回收率１００％。第二次（０６年春）发放学生问２０卷２３份，回收２０份，回收率达到９２００％；教师问卷４份，回收４份，回收率１０％。０五、调研数据分析英语专业本科的《高级日常英语》高级休闲英语》、《、《高级职业英语》、和《高级时事英语》是开放教育英语专业本科第一学年的语言交际模块基础课程。中央电大外语部设计的这四门课程的形考册由 “ 学习者的学习准备（即学习起点自我评价、学习目标及学习方法建议）、学习过程（即单元学习记录与作业、读书报告）以及课堂表现 ”三部分组成。经过一轮使用后，中央电大外语部根据各省市电大师生提交的调查问卷反馈意见，对形考册主要进行了以下改进：
研究背景及目的形成性考核是远程开放教育教学质量保证体系的重要组成部分；是强化素质教育，加强教学过程管理，反馈学习信息，改进课程考核方式方法的重要措施；是科学测评学生学习效果，促进学生自主学习，提高学生综合素质和能力的重要途径。对学生学习行为和成果进行形成性考核，是 “ 中

2014年春季开放教育本科期末考试光盘及题签订单

2014年春季开放教育本科期末考试光盘及题签订单光盘订单单位（盖章）：
说明：因合订本由印厂通过快递寄发，故请详细填写以下内容，确保顺利寄达。

收件人姓名：电话（手机）：单位名称：
地址：邮编：
注：光盘、题签均由保定星光印刷厂统一制发。

2014年春季开放教育专科期末考试光盘及题签订单光盘订单单位（盖章）：
说明：因合订本由印厂通过快递寄发，故请详细填写以下内容，确保顺利寄达。

收件人姓名：电话（手机）：单位名称：
地址：邮编：
题签订单单位（盖章）：
注：光盘、题签均由保定星光印刷厂统一印发。

高级职业英语

高级职业英语English at WorkPaper 1: LISTENING TEST 30 PointsInformation for the candidates●There are three parts to the test. Each part will be played twice.●There will be a pause before each part to let you read through the questions andanother pause at the end of each part for you to check your answers.●You may write your answers on the question paper as you listen.●You will have 10 minutes at the end of the listening test to transfer your answers to theanswer sheet.Part 1. Listen to the conversation and answer questions 1-5.Choose the best answer from the choices given.(1) What task were the two speakers undertaking?A. Setting out criteria for managing a prison.B. Choosing a new officer for the prison.C. Interviewing applicants for the job of prison officer.(2) How many people had applied for the job?A. Three.B. Twelve.C. Four.(3) How did the speakers decide on the successful applicant?A. By reading their letters.B. By talking to them.C. Both A) and B).(4) What personal characteristics did the speakers NOT want a prison officer to have?A. Inflexibility and punitiveness.B. Sensitivity and patience.C. Sympathy and authority.(5) Who was the successful applicant?A. Mr. Black.B. Mr. Brown.C. Ms. White.Part 2. Listen to the recording of the television interview and answer Questions 6-12.You have half a minute to look at the questions before listening.Information for candidates●There are four parts to the reading test, each having one reading passage.●There is one writing task.●You should write ALL your answers on the Answer Sheet as you do the tasks.READING TESTPart 1. Read the following passage and answer Questions 21-33.Passage 1Emotional labourRecently, a social scientist named Arlie Hochschild introduced a new term into the analysis of work. This term, emotional labour, was quickly taken up by other scholars in the field. By emotional labour Hochschild means work that is done to calm and control clients.Hochschild initially used this concept to describe the work of flight attendants. In her study of the work that flight attendants do, Hochschild found that they used facial and bodilygestures and attitudes that hid their own true feelings. This suppression of their own feelings meant that the flight attendants had to constantly monitor the way they presented their * selves' to the passengers. Consequently , the flight attendants in Hochschild s study paid a heavy price. They experienced high levels of stress. It was this kind of work that Hochschild called emotional labour.Hochschild argued that it is work that involves public contact that uses emotional labour. Other forms of public contact work include occupations in welfare, nursing, teaching, hotel and tourist industries.In the field of education, Vezgoff researched the work of teachers in an intermediate school. She used Hochschild s concept and has shown that teachers have high levels of dissatisfaction and even severe illnesses because their employers expect them to work many extra hours to give emotional support to their students.There are two important aspects of this new analysis of work. First, employment in positions re-quiring public contact is the form of employment that is growing at the fastest rate in Western economies. Second, it is usually women who are employed in these positions. This means that the demands for emotional labour are growing and that it is usually women who provide that labour.Questions 21-33. Choose the best answer. Write the letter representing the chosen answer for each question on your answer sheet. (Write A, B or C.)21. Emotional labourA. is usually performed by menB. is usually performed by womenC. is equally performed by women & men22. Arlie Hochschild works as a .A. social scientistB. teacherC. flight attendant trainer23. The social scientist who first used the term emotional labourA. was once a flight attendant.B. was once a nurse.C. studied flight attendants' work.24. Emotional labourA. is work that demands extravagant displays of emotionB. is work designed to create calm and order amongst clients of an employinginstitutionC. is work performed in the theatre25. Hochschild argues that emotional labour .A. is easy for womenB. is more often performed by women than by menC. is natural for women26. According to Hochschild emotional labour isA. a false presentation of the worker s feelingsB. work that makes the worker happyC. flirtatious behaviour with the customersA. there has been a decline of positions involving emotional labourB. there has been a steady amount of work involving emotional labourC. there has been an increase in the demand for emotional labour28. According to Hochschild flight attendants' work is stressful becauseA. there are too many passengersB. there has been an increase of international flightsC. flight attendants must suppress their true feelings29. According to this article Hochschild developed her theory .A. because she was uncomfortable on international flightsB. because she was a nurseC. because of her research work with flight attendants30. According to this article emotional labour .A. is only found amongst flight attendantsB. is closely associated with positions involving public contact with clientsC. is found in all jobs that women do31. Vezgoff studiedA. nursesB. teachersC. actors32. Public contact jobs .A. are increasingB. are usually done by womenC. both A) and B)33. Vezgoff found that teachers' employersA. are expecting teachers to increase their work loadsB. are expecting students to be more politeC. are expecting students to work harderPart 2. Read the following passage andanswer Questions 34-38. Passage 2The MacDonaldization of SocietyRitzer analyses the world-wide success of McDonalds, the fast food chain. This success is based on calculability and mass production. Instead of producing quality food this firm produces simple food using mass production techniques. This means that the production of food and the profitability of the product is easily calculated. Similarly, television programmes produce mass entertainment rather than quality entertainment. Even universities produce mass education using mass production techniques such as standardised tests.This means that food, culture and scholarship are reduced to calculable, standardised and simple products. Quality and complexity are lost. Because production is calculable it is predictable, the manager knows what is happening anywhere in the world. For the manager this is economically efficient. This also means that the managers of these industries have increasing control of the worldwide production of food, culture and education.Ritzer questions whether this is good for society. The world will become too standardised: there will be a MacDonaldization of society! He says this standardisation means that eventually Beijing will look just like London, Manchester or Chicago!Other organisation theorists argue that Ritzer goes too far. They point out that many commodities, especially food, are not standardised but are still produced by small family businesses. They also point to tourism as a key service industry that uses both mass marketing and small scale ( or niche) marketing techniques. However, several sociology texts use Ritzer s work as a warning about aspects of the globalisation of the economy and the standardization of cultural production. Questions 34-38. Mark the following statementsas T (rue) or F (alse) according to the text.34.Ritzer says that fast food firms mass produce high quality food.35.Ritzer argues that television and even education also use mass production techniques.36.Ritzer calls this the MacDonaldization of society.37.Because aspects of Ritzer s work have been criticised, no one now believes his analysisis important.38.In Ritzer s analysis standardisation is good for society.Part 3 Read Passage Three and complete questions 3948.Passage 3Our local hospitalMethod:Grease a pudding dish with the butter.Cut the loaf into twelve slices.Cut the crusts off the slices of bread.Line the pudding bowl with nine of the bread slices.Boil a quarter of a pint of water and add the sugar.Boil the sugared water until the sugar dissolves.Cook the fruit in the sugared water for five minutes.Drain the fruit. Keep the juice from the fruit in a separate dish.Pour the cooked fruit into the pudding basin lined with bread.Cover the fruit with the remaining three slices of bread.Leave to cool.When the pudding is cool, place it in the refrigerator for at least two hours.To Serve:Gently shake the pudding onto a serving plate. Take care not to break the mould. The juice ofthe fruit should have seeped through the bread giving it a purple colour. Pour some of the juice that you have set aside over the entire pudding to ensure that no part of the bread is white. Serve cold with cream or custard and the remaining juice.WRITING TEST20 pointsWrite about your work. You may write about your profession, the nature of your work, the working environment, workload/'responsibilities, rewards and challenges, even your feelings and attitudes towards your work. You may use "My Work" as the title of the composition but you may also make a title of your own if it reflects better of what you choose to write on the top-ic.(Write about 150 words.)试题答案及评分标准KEY TO LISTENING TESTOne point for each of the correct answers to questions1-10 Two points for questions11-20.Total =30 pointsKEY TO LISTENING TEST1. B2.B3.C4.A5.A6.F7.T8.F9.T 10.F 11.T 12.T13.college 14. experienced 15. history 16. medical17.driving 18.trainee 19.qualified 20.trainerKEY TO READING TESTOne point for each of the correct answers to questions21-50 Two points for questions51-60.Total =50 points21.B 22.A 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.A 27.C 28.C 29.C 30.B31.B 32.C 33.A 34.F 35.T 36.T 37.F 38.F39.Romsey/local/small 40. not 41.emergency 42.overworked43.consierable 44.emergency . 45.considerable 46.pain47.drug 48.doctor 49.fruits 50.cold51.refrigerator 52.bowl 53.bread 54.slices55.butter 56.not 57.three 58.fruit59.juice 60.purpleMarking Scheme for Writing Test。

关于开放教育中形成性考核的思考

关于开放教育中形成性考核的思考
孟庆亮
【期刊名称】《甘肃科技纵横》
【年(卷),期】2003(32)3
【摘要】形成性考核是远程开放教育教学质量保证体系的重要组成部分.通过形成性考核,可以有效地延伸课堂面授辅导和补充课堂教学与教材的不足,全面了解、掌握学习者的学习过程和学习效果,从而加强对自主学习的有效监控.
【总页数】2页(P81-82)
【作者】孟庆亮
【作者单位】连云港广播电视大学,江苏,连云港,222001
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】G64
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