英语音标基础学习及测试

精心整理

英语音标学习

认识几个定义：

1、音素英语语音中最小的发音单位。

2、元音发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍。

3、辅音发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍。

4、

tree /tri:/

5、

6、it,

7、

8、

一、英语共有48个音素，元音20个，辅音28个

元音

1. 长短：/i:/ /?/ /?:/ /?/ /?:/ /?/ /U:/ /?/

2. 大小：/e/ /?/ /ɑ:/ /?/

3. I组：/e?/ /a?/ /??/

4. U组：/??/ /a?/

5. ?组：/??/ /e?/ /??/

清辅音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /?/ /t?/ /tr/ /ts/ /h/ ?

浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /e/ /z/?/?/ /d?/ /dr/?/dz/ /r/ /m//n/ /?/?/?/ /w/ /j/ 注：s与辅音元音里的爆破音结合时，通常是清辅音被浊化, /p/ /t/ /k/ 它们浊化后，分别发成: /b/ /d/ /g/

二．26个字母在单词中的具体发音

a

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

e

1.

2.

3.

i

1.

2./i/ is sit miss pig picture interesting ill dinner him listen

pick river

o

1./?u / old home nose coke tomato tofu over hold piano

2./?/ dog not clock box robot on from forest often stop

3./?/ son month mother love young

4./u:/ who do whose

u

1./ju: / use usually excuse menu

2./?/bus us sun duck uncle up trunk funny must

3.

b

c

1.

2.

d

f

g

1.

2.

h

j

k

l

1./l/ leg left ruler flag lamp longer relax play

2./l/ apple bowl tell old tail whale

m /m/ am map my mouth milk

n

1./n/ no know new hand

2./?/ thank think thing uncle swing

p /p/ map jeep pig pen apple plant play potato please policeman q /kw/quite quilt quick

r /r/ red radio brother rain read run rabbit write mirror library s

1.

2.

t

v

w

x

y

1.

2.

3.

z

（一）元音组合

ai?? /ei/??wait??paint train

ay /ei/ may play day say

air/ε? / air hair chair

al /?:/ tall small ball

ar /α: / farther farm car arm

ea ①/i:/ meat please tea read ?②/e/ head bread ready ??③/i?/??theater ear ①/ i? / ear??hear??near ???②/ε?/??bear ??③/?:/??earth

ee /i:/ meet see bee feet jeep

eir /ε?/ their

er ①/?/??worker teacher ???②?/?:/??her

ere ①/i?/??here ? ??②/ε?/ where there

ew

ight

ir

oa

ong

oo

or

oor

ore

ou

our

ow

oy

ur

th

tr?? /tr/ tree train truck

dr?? /dr/ dress driver

sh /∫/ shirt wash short

ch ①/t∫/ child chair catch ??②/ k / school??Christmas ??③/ dз/??sandwich tw/tw/??two twin twenty

wh ①/w/ white wheel what ??②/h/ who whose whom

ts /ts/??jackets??kites

ds /dz/??birds??friends

（三）特殊组合tion /∫n/ question nation

四、单词重音（word stress）

英语单词分为单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。

含有一个元音音素的字母组合叫做一个音节，由一个音节构成的词叫做单音节词，如

/bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /ri?l/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/

bit week deal real kid dig quick tip zip rid will

/p?k/ /g?p/ /tr??/ /n?g/ /r?m/ /b?tl/ /sed/ /′h?pi//′setl/ /di′pend/ pack gap trash nag ram battle said happy settle depend

2. /a:/ / ?:/ / ? / /u:/ /u/