英语基本句型和主谓一致
(完整版)英语语法主谓一致
主一致1.主一致是指英中在人称、数及意方面要与作主的名或代一致。
2.主一致分法一致、意一致、就近一致。
(1)法一致原:主和在法形式上保持一致。
主数,用数;主复数,用复数。
I often help him and he often helps me.(2)意一致原:主和在意上复数一致。
主数,用数;主复数,用复数。
The police are searching the woods for the murderer.(3)就近素来原:当主有两个或两个以上,由凑近它的主确定。
并列主的一致1.And(1)两个数名用and 接,表示不同样看法,用复数。
Tom and Jack are close friends.(2)两个数名用 and 接,表示同一歌人、同一个物,同一个看法,或表示不可以切割的整体,用数。
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.(3)被 every, each, many a, no 等限制的数名由 and 接,仍用数,其中,后一个限制可以省略。
every ⋯⋯ and ⋯⋯ every,each⋯⋯ and⋯⋯ each,no⋯⋯ and⋯⋯ no, many a⋯⋯ and⋯⋯ manya。
Each boy and (each) girl has an apple.(4)一个数名被几个用 and 接的并列形容修,可以指一件事或几件事,种名作主,要依照意一致的原决定复数。
(5)由 and 接的两个what 的从句作主,要依照意一致的原决定复数What he says and does do not agree.(言不衷心致)What he says and does does not concern me.2.由 either or, neither nor, not but, not only but also,or, nor接的并列主,常和近的主一致。
2024年新高考版英语主谓一致、虚拟语气、省略、倒装、强调讲解部分
“a number of+复数名词”作主 A number of other plants were
语时,谓语动词用复数形式,意为 found in America.在美洲还发现
“许多……”;“the number of+ 了许多其他的植物。
复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词 The number of people who travel
复合不定代词someone、anyone、everyone、nobody/no one、something、anything、everything、nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数
If anyone sees Lisa, ask her to call me.如果有人看 到莉萨,请她给我打个电话。 Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.世上无难 事,只怕有心人。
If he shouldn't come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting.如果他 明天不来,我们就推迟 这个会议。
使用“(should+)动词原形”的虚拟语气 1.用于宾语从句 以下动词后的宾语从句常常使用虚拟语气,即谓语为“(should+)动词原 形”。
原则
意义 一致
课标必备点梳理
常见用法
例句
当“几分之几/百分之几/half/ the rest/most+of+名词”结构作 主语时,一般根据of后的名词的 单复数决定谓语动词的单复数
20% of the people in the city object to the price of running water going up. 这个城市中百分之二十的人反 对自来水价格上调。
英语语法之主谓一致总结
英语语法之主谓⼀致总结英语语法之主谓⼀致总结 总结就是把⼀个时段的学习、⼯作或其完成情况进⾏⼀次全⾯系统的总结,它能够使头脑更加清醒,⽬标更加明确,让我们好好写⼀份总结吧。
总结怎么写才不会千篇⼀律呢?下⾯是⼩编帮⼤家整理的英语语法之主谓⼀致总结,仅供参考,⼤家⼀起来看看吧。
英语语法之主谓⼀致总结1 1.“many a +名词”和“more than one +名词”作主语 谓语动词的数通常⽤单数(即遵循语法⼀致的原则): Many a child was playing there. 很多⼩孩在那⼉玩。
More than one student has failed the exam. 不⽌⼀个学⽣考试未及格。
2. each ⽤于复数名词后作同位语 此时谓语动词⽤复数: They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他们每⼈都有⼀本英汉词典。
The young people each carry a big bag. 这些年轻⼈个个背着⼀个⼤袋⼦。
3. 主语后接in addition to, with, along with, together with, except, but等介词 其后的动词形式取决介词前主语: Nothing but trees was to be seen. 除了树⽊之外什么也看不见。
No one except my parents knows anything about this. 除我⽗母外没⼈知道此事。
Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。
4. means作主语 名词means(⽅法)单数与复数同形,⽤作主语时,其谓语的单复数要视具体含义⽽定(尤其注意其前的修饰语): These means are very good. 这些⽅法很好。
高中英语语法专题主谓一致与常见短语
高中英语语法专题主谓一致与常见短语主谓一致“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致.主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致,如何学好英语?小编在这里整理了相关资料,快来学习学习吧!高中英语语法专题主谓一致一. 就近原则:在not only…but also, not…but , neither…nor , either…or , there be… 句型中,谓语动词由相邻的主语来确定。
例: 1.Not only they but also I am going to collect money for the Hope Project.2.Either you or Jack is about to take the place of the manager.二. 集合名词做主语,指成员时,谓语用复数;指团体,组织时,谓语用单数:如:class , team, group, family, audience(听众), government, company, crowd, public, enemy, committee(委员会) 等。
例:1.The class are busy working on the exercises at the moment .2.The team was an excellent one in the 25th Olympic Games .三. 当两个名词用 with, together with, as well as, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, along with, including, like 等连接起来做主语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
例: 1.Jackie, with his parents, intends to set out for Europe on business next week.2.The son, rather than his parents, is responsible for the fire accident.(对火灾事故负责的是儿子而不是父母)四. 当 each, neither, either 以及由 every, any, no, some 与 one, body, thing 构成的不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用单数。
英语语法总结主谓一致
⼩升初英语语法总结——主谓⼀致 1.主语是he ,she, it, either, neither, each, anything, something, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, anyone, nobody, no one, 等代词时,谓语动词⽤单数。
Someone is asking for you. 有⼈在找你。
Everyone is here. ⼤家都来了。
Each of the boys has an apple. 2. 表⽰总称意义的名词people, cattle, police做主语时,谓语动词⽤复数。
Cattle are farmer’s friends. The policeman is standing at the street corner. The police are searching for him. 3. 主语是:时间,距离,价格等名词,即使是复数形式,谓语动词只⽤单数。
Three years passes quickly. Two meters is not long enough. 4.主语是:clothes, glasses, trousers, shoes, socks, gloves 等名词时,谓语动词⽤复数。
The trousers are not expensive. Your socks are over there. 5.主语是:family, class, team, group等名词时,如果是作为整体,谓语动词⽤单数;如果作为其中⼀个个的成员,谓语动词⽤复数。
Our class is made up of ten students. Our class are working very hard. 6. 主语是the number of+名词复数时,表⽰……的数⽬,谓语动词⽤单数。
英语主谓一致、名词的格、五大句型
五大句型S + V 主+谓•此句型的句子有一个一起特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
•这种动词叫不及物动词。
后面能够跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
•这种句型的动词大多数是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,确实是这种动词后不能够直接接宾语,常见的动词如:work,sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive ,come, die disappear, cry, happen等。
•例句:•Li Ming works very hard.•The accident happened yesterday afternoon.•Spring is coming.•We have lived in the city for ten years.•Time flies.•Class begins.•The man doesn't work.•We all laughed.•Everybody has arrived.•The sun rises.S + V + Cs 主+系+表•一起特点:句子的谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必需加上一个说明谓语身份或状态的表语组成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。
这种动词叫做连系动词.。
系动词分两类:be look feel smell 等属一类,表示情形,get grow become,•turn 等属于另一类,表示转变。
be 本身没成心义,只起连系主语和表语作用。
•这种句型要紧用来表示主语的特点,身份等。
系动词分为两类:一状态。
如此的动词有:be, look seem, smell, taste, sound, keep 等。
•例句•This kind of food tastes delicious.•He looked worried just now.S+V+O主+谓+宾•一起特点:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必需跟有一个宾语,即动作的经受者,才能使意思完整。
英语基本句子语法
英语基本句子语法一、主谓一致:主语和谓语必须在人称、数两方面保持一致。
主谓一致的关键是判断主语是单数还是复数。
(1)一般情况主语的数比较明确如:His mother works in a office. 她妈妈在办公室工作。
(本句主语“His mother——他妈妈”是单数,故work用第三人称单数形式“works”。
)——第三人称单数形式之后简称“单三形式”(2) and(和)连接的两个或两个以上名词或代词做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:Linda and Susan are from America.琳达和苏珊来自美国。
(3)each, either, neither, another做主语时,谓语动词用单数。
如:Neither of us has been to France.我们两个都没去过法国。
(4)由some, any, no, every构成的合成代词作主语时,谓语用单数。
如:No one knows his phone number.没有人知道他的电话号码。
(5)由either…or…;neither…nor…;not only…but also…构成的合成代词作主语时,谓语与距离最近的主语保持一致(此语法规律称为“就近原则”)。
如:Not only my friends but also my sister agrees with me.我的朋友和我的妹妹都赞同我。
(虽然“my friends”是复数,但距离动词agree近的是“my sister”,故agree用单三形式。
)(6)集合名词people, police等作主语时,位于用复数。
如:The people were surprised to see him dancing in the street.人们很惊讶的看他在街上跳舞。
(7)集合名词family, class等作主语时,如看作整体,谓语用单数。
如强调个体,则谓语用复数。
英语主谓一致专题归纳
英语主谓一致专题归纳主谓一致是指英语句子中主语和谓语动词在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
主要有下面这些情况。
1、由关联连词either...or...; neither...nor...; not only...but also...; not...but...; or等连接的主语,谓语动词要与最邻近的主语的数保持一致。
例如:1). Were either you or I mad? 是你疯了还是我疯了?2). Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。
3). Not you but he is going to be the leader. 不是你而是他将成为领导。
4). Not only the teacher but also his students like playing basketball.不但老师而且他的学生们都喜欢篮球。
2、在there be句型中,谓语动词的数与并列主语中邻近be动词的那个主语保持一致。
例如:1). There is a pen and four pencils on the desk. 有一支钢笔和四支铅笔在办公桌上。
2). There are two chairs and a desk in the office. 办公室有两把椅子和一张桌子。
3、主语后如有下列词或短语,如as well as, with, together with, as much as, rather than, but, besides, except, like, including, along with等,谓语动词的数与前面主语的数保持一致。
例如:1). I with Li Lei am going to play basketball. 我和李雷将去打篮球。
2). Nobody but two students is in the classroom. 除了两个学生再没有其他人在教室里。
英语中的主谓一致
英语中的主谓一致1.由and 或both…and连接的并列结构作主语如果意义为复数,谓语动词用复数;由and 连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。
Rain and wind have caused a damage of about $20 million in that area.Where is the watch and chain?Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.2.and 连接的并列主语带有each, every 或many a 等限定词,通常用单数.Each actor and each actress was invited to the concert.Every boy and every girl in this room has been criticized for being absent from class.Many a teacher and parent is playing an important role in educating children.3.主语+with/as well as/but/other than…+n. / pron.等结构当“主语+with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, in addition to, including, except, but, other than, apart from, r ather than, no less than, more than, as much as, instead of, unlike… + N/Pron.”时,其谓语动词的单复数与主语保持一致。
Nothing but stamps and envelops is sold in the post office.Jean, rather than her roommates, is to meet with Professor Brown at the airport.Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.A library with five thousand books has been offered to the nation as a gift.4. 就近一致原则由连词or, either…or, neither…nor, whether…or,not only …but also, not…but, 连接并列主语时,谓语动词与最靠近于它的名词或代词保持一致。
英语语法原则主谓一致三原则
英语语法原则主谓一致三原则主谓一致三原则1. 形式一致的原则一般说来,当作主语的名词或代词是第三人称单数时,谓语动词就用单数形式;当作主语的名词或代词是复数时,谓语动词就复数形式:如:(1) He likes skating in winter.他喜欢冬天滑冰。
(2) Alice reads much.艾利斯看了很多书。
(3) They don’t live here.他们不住这里。
2. 意义一致的原则英语中,有些名词或代词形式上是单数,而意义上可能是复数,这时,谓语动词的形式就须依据名词或代词的意义决定。
如:(1) People there were very glad to see our team win the match.在那里的人们看到我们队赢了比赛时都非常高兴。
(2) His family were watching TV when I got to his home.我到他家时,他家的人在看电视。
(3) Our class are working hard to make ours a good class.我们班的同学都在努力工作以便是我们班成为优秀班。
3. 邻近一致的原则英语中,有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语,此时,谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。
如:(1) There is a desk and five chairs in his room.他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。
(2) There are five chairs and a desk in his room.他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。
(3) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there.要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。
(4) Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there.是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去?英语基本句型归纳基本句型一:S V (主+谓)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。
语法复习:句子结构及句型+主谓一致
英语复习专辑(6)—句子结构及句型+主谓一致句子结构及句型一、句子和句子成分的定义句子是由单词(短语)按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能表达一个完整意思的语言单位。
组成句子的各个部分称为句子成分。
英语句子成分主要有:主语、谓语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语和状语等。
1. 主语表示句子描述的是“谁”(人)或“什么”(事物),是谓语的陈述对象,通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或者从句等担当。
(主语是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般放在句首。
)eg: The moon moves around the earth. 月亮围绕地球转。
She is a clever girl. 她是一个聪明的女孩儿。
Swimming is a good exercise. 游泳是一项好的运动。
To say is one thing, and to do is another. 说是一回事,做又是另外一回事。
2. 谓语说明主语的动作或者状态,一般在主语的后面。
由动词或者动词短语担当。
eg: I like studying English. 我喜欢学英语。
Chinese is a kind of great language! 汉语是一种伟大的语言!3. 宾语是动作的承受者,表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象,或者用于介词后构成介词短语,通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或者从句等担当。
eg: We love our country! 我们热爱我们的祖国!Her mother likes her very much! 她妈妈非常喜欢她!在英语中,有些及物动词,如give, pass, send, bring, tell, teach, show等+ sb. sth.可以有两个宾语:一个指人,一个指物。
这样宾语就包括直接宾语(表示动作的承受者,多为物)和间接宾语(表示动作是针对谁或为谁而做,多为人)。
我们把“直接宾语+间接宾语”叫做“双宾语”。
主谓一致 常用句型
英语主谓一致详解1. 代词做主语A.主语是he, she, it, either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anything, anyone, something, someone, so mebody, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等代词时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
如:(1)Somebody is asking for you. 有人在找你。
(2)Everyone is here. 大家都来了。
(3)There is something wrong with my bike. 没有的单车有点毛病。
B.主语是I(除be 动词用am外) , you, we, they代词时,谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。
如:(1)I like to stay here with you. 我喜欢跟你在这儿。
(2)They are all soldiers. 他们都是战士。
(3)We play football after school. 我们放学后踢足球。
C.主语是:who, what, which, all, more, most, some, any, none, the rest, the remainder时,谓语动词的形式须依具体情况而定。
如:(1)Who’s the girl over there? 那边的那个女孩是谁?(2)Who are the boys playing games there? 在那里做游戏的男孩子是哪些人?(3)What’s this? 这是什么?(4)What are those? 哪些是什么?(5)Which is yours? 哪一个是你的?(6)Which are children’s? 哪一些是孩子们的?2. 名词做主语A.一般说来,不可数名词及可数名词的单数做主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
英语基本句型结构及主谓一致语法小结
英语基本句型结构及主谓一致语法小结1基本句型一:主谓结构句式结构:主语十谓语(动词)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词:appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,fall,happen,rise等。
如:Li Ming works very hard.李明工作很努力。
The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
2基本句型二:主谓宾结构句式结构:主语+谓语(动词)+宾语如:He found a bird in the tree.他发现树上有一只鸟。
I like this book.我喜欢这本书。
3基本句型三:主系表结构句式结构:主语+系动词+表语常见的系动词有:be(是),get(变得),become(成为),turn(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎)⒈表示状态的连系动词有be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain等。
如:We should keep quiet any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。
⒉表示转变或结果的系动词有:become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove等。
如:Spring comes.It is warmer and warmer. 春天到了,天与恋得越来越暖和。
4基本句型四句式结构:主语十谓语(动词)十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构,但若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词to或for。
⒈用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人;间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有:bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,read,sell,send,show,teach,tell wish,write等。
暑假英语语法训练六大基本句型及主谓一致
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
二、相关知识点精讲 1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如: Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。 注意:当主语由 and 连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物 时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如: The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。
前加定冠词。后面的职务用 and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选 B。 2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1)当 there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。 There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。 2)当 either… or… 与 neither… nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主 语保持一致。如果句子是由 here, there 引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也 和最邻近的主语一致。例如: Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。 Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。 3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语有 with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的 短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如: The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。 He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。 4. 谓语需用单数的情况 1)代词 each 以及由 every, some, no, any 等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中 含有 each, every 时, 谓语需用单数。例如: Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。 There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。
主谓一致的规则与注意点
主谓一致的规则与注意点在英语语法中,主谓一致是指主语与谓语在人称和数上相互匹配的规则。
正确的主谓一致可以使句子更加通顺,准确地传达出所要表达的意思。
本文将介绍主谓一致的规则和注意点,并给出一些相关的例子。
一、一般情况下的主谓一致规则1. 单数主语与单数谓语动词一致:- The dog barks loudly.(这只狗吠叫得很大声。
)- My friend likes to read books.(我的朋友喜欢读书。
)2. 复数主语与复数谓语动词一致:- The birds fly south for the winter.(鸟儿们为了过冬飞向南方。
) - My parents are doctors.(我父母是医生。
)3. 不可数名词作为主语时,用单数谓语动词:- Physics is an interesting subject.(物理是一门有趣的科目。
)- Sugar tastes sweet.(糖的味道甜。
)4. 使用there is/are句型时,谓语动词与后面的主语一致:- There is a cat on the roof.(屋顶上有一只猫。
)- There are many books on the shelf.(书架上有很多书。
)二、特殊情况下的主谓一致规则1. 当主语由“each”, “every”, “either”, “neither”等修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式:- Each student needs to bring their own pen.(每个学生都需要带上自己的钢笔。
)- Neither of them is available tomorrow.(他们中的任何一个明天都不可用。
)2. 当主语由“either...or”, “neither...nor”, “not only...but also”等连接时,谓语动词与最靠近的主语一致:- Either the cat or the dogs are sleeping.(要么猫要么狗正在睡觉。
英语语法五大基本句型
英语语法五大基本句型英语语法五大基本句型英语句子是由主语、谓语动词、宾语、表语、状语、宾语补足语等成分组成。
以下是店铺整理的英语语法五大基本句型,我们一起看看吧!英语语法五大基本句型篇1一There be 句型1、解释:“……地方有……”;2、结构:There be + 主语 + 地点状语eg:There are some apples on the table.3、考点:主谓一致(1)be 后名词是单数名词或不可数名词,be 用 is 或者 was;后接可数名词复数则用 are 或were。
eg:There is an apple in the fridge.There is some milk in the fridge.There isn’t any / is no money in the box.There are many girls in the room.(2)如果 be 后面是几个并列名词作主语,be 的单复数和最靠近的名词保持一致——就近原则。
eg:There is a book and two pencils on the desk.There are two pencils and a book on the desk.二主系表1、结构:主语+系动词+表语eg:He is good.He is a good student.2、系动词:必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语才能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫系动词。
常见系动词:(1)be 动词——is/am/are/was/were(2)感官动词——feel/look/sound/taste/smell(3)表转变动词——get/grow/become/goeg:感官动词主系表——It looks perfect. 它看上去真完美。
表转变动词主系表——The sky grew dark./ It became dirty.3、考点:系动词后面跟形容词eg:He looks at her happily.(happily 修饰 look at,look at 解释为看着,look 是实义动词)He looks happy when he sees her.(look 不及物,这里没有跟介词,单独行动,翻译/为“看上去”,是系动词,后跟形容词。
初中英语语法中考主谓一致
上海中考英语语法考点:主谓一致一,概念及基本规则:英语语法的主谓一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式与主语保持一致。
1,就近原则:not onl y…but also;not…but;neither…no r; either…or; there be;whether…or;or句型中,谓语动词与相邻的主语保持一致。
例:whetherhe or I am mad。
不是他就是我疯了。
2,就前原则:as well as; together with;rather than; along with;with;without; but;except; like; besides; including,in addition to等连接主语时,谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。
二、谓语动词通常用单数的情形:1.当主语是一个从句,不定式或动名词时,谓语一般用单数.但由and 连接两个不定式或动名词时,动词则用复数。
两个主语视为一体时,动词用单数.主语从句所指物是单数或复数时,谓语用相应单复数。
whether he succeeds or fails doesn’t concern me 。
To play basketball and to go swimming are of great use。
When and where to build the center hasn't been decided.What I want is an interesting book while what he expects are two cups of coffee.2.不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词,即使以and连接成多主语,谓语动词仍用单数。
如:every doctor and every nurse goes there。
each, neither, either,everyone,anything, nobody等作主语时,谓语动词用单数.但each 做同位语,谓语用复数,如They each are。
中考英语语法专题 简单句和主谓一致
第2部分 语法突破
返回目录
考点 感叹句
类别
结构
What+ a/an+adj.+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)! what引导
What+adj.+复数可数名词/不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
How+adj./adv.(+主语+谓语)!
how引导 How+adj.+ a/an +可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!
②She (doesn’t) likes coffee. 她(不)喜欢咖啡。
第2部分 语法突破
返回目录
2.疑问句的基本句型
分类
结构
Be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其 一般疑问句(用yes, no回答)
他?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词(组)+ 一般疑问句?
①一般疑问句 + or + 被选择的部分 +
并列主语
老师和学生都对户外运动感兴趣。
第2部分 语法突破
主语 each/every+单数名词 each of +复数名词 one of +复数名词 由some-, any-, no-, every-构成的复合不定代 词作主语
第2部分 语法突破
返回目录
考点 There be句型(2020.70)
1.There be 句型表示“某处有某人或某物”。 There 无词义,be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主 语部分是两个或两个以上的并列主语,be动词应采用就近原则。 2.基本结构 (1)肯定形式:There be(is/are/was/were)+ sb./sth.+地点 There are a number of books in our school library. 我们学校图书馆 里有许多书。
表示禁止时,尤其是用在标 No smoking!禁止吸烟!No
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
Part I 基本概念1基本句型1 )SVO 主-动-补这种结构中的动词,多为linking verb(就是将动词的主语和其后的补充信息连接起来的动词.本身并不表示动作意义.如:seem,be,feel).E.g.: The apple is mine.The flower smells fragrant.2)SV 主-动其中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词(intransitive verb).E.g.: Everybody laughed.3)SVO 主-动-宾位于动词为及物动词(transitive verb),后必须跟一个宾语.E.g.: I want the apple.4) SVoO 主-动-宾-宾及物动词为”双宾语及物动词”(ditransitive verb)E.g.: I made myselfa cup of coffee.5) SVOC 主-动-宾-补及物动词(complex transitive verb)之后跟宾语和宾语补足语(对宾语进行补充说明).E.g.: We elected himour president.补语并不是必不可少的成分,如果将fluently去掉,结构仍然完整,只是意义不同.E.g.: He speaks English fluently.6) SVA 主-动-状(A = adverbial, 对整个句子或者谓语动词进行补充说明)由于谓语动词的词汇意义,其后必须跟地点状语或时间状语,否则句子结构不完整,意义不明确.例如:The train leaves at six.7) SVOA 主-动-宾-状句子需要地点状语和方式状语,否则句子结构不完整,意义不明确.例如:I put the newspaper in front of him.核心句型by Zellig Harriswhere: P = preposition; V b = link verb; and A = attributive2基本句型的转换和扩大转换:由陈述句变疑问句,否定句,强调句etc扩大:1)分句的并列例如He has gone to England and he studies literature there.2) 增加修饰成分和只用从属分句.即使用从属分句来使表达的思想复杂化.如:We have come into an agreement in how should we treat our children and educate them.并列和从属两种手段也可以重复使用. 例如:He (a successful scientist) is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb impartial and objective investigation.扩展句子:Birds fly.Part II 主谓一致主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词在”人称”和”数”的方面的一致关系.(汉语并不要求主谓一致.) 1指导原则1.语法一致原则Grammatical Concord主语和谓语之间的一致性主要表现在”数”上,即用作主语的名词词组的中心词和谓语动词在单数和复数形式上的一致.例如:Every girl comes well dressed.Two girls are eating ice cream.2.意义一致notional concord有时,语法形式上的单复数,并不表示意义上的单复数,此时主谓一致关系则取决于主语的单复数意义.如:主语在语法形式上不是复数,但表示复数意义,则谓语动词要用复数(当government表示组成其的成员时),主语在形式上是复数,但是意义可视为单数,则谓语动词相应用单数.这种一致关系就叫做意义一致.例如:Five miles seems quite a long walk to Japanese.The team have been arguing about the matter.3.就近原则principle of proximity当谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的词语(主要指名词)的单复数形式,此时的一致关系所依据的原则就叫做”就近原则”.例如:Either my brothers or my sister is coming.2.特殊结构或词语的主谓一致1.以-s结尾的地理名称若为国名,如the United States, the Netherlands等,为单一政治体,谓语动词用单数.如:The United States is a melting pot of varied cultures.若为山脉.群岛,海峡等地理名称,则用复数动词:The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plants.2.以-ics结尾的学科名词如mathematics,physics用单数.但是当这类名词表示”学科”以外的意义时,便做复数用.如,economics 表示经济意义,athletics 表示体育运动.例如:The acoustics(音响效果) in the new concert hallare faultless.3.以集体名词做主语的主谓一致问题集体名词(collective noun),如government, committee, team, group等,在形式上是单数,但是在意义上是复数.以这类名词做主语的主谓一致问题往往在于对”语法一致”和”意义一致”两种原则的选择.其规则为:1)通常用作复数的集体名词,如police, people, cattle等,其后的动词要用复数.例如:Domestic cattle provide us with milk and beef.2)通常做不可数名词的集体名词.如foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture等,其后的动词要用单数.例如:All the machinery in the factory is made in China.3)即可做单数又可做复数的集体名词.如class, audience, group, team, family等,当将其集体视为一个整体时,动词用单数.若将侧重点放在组成的成员上时,动词用复数,例如:The city council is meeting to set its agenda.The city council are talking about its agenda in groups of two or three4) a committee of 等+ 复数名词当主语由“a committee of/a panel of/a(the) board of+复数名词”构成,其后的谓语动词用单数:例如:A committeeof five men and three women is working on matter. (由五个男人和三个女人组成的committee,是committee作为一个整体)4. 以并列结构为主语的主谓一致问题1)由and/both···and连接的并列主语A)如果意义是单数,用单数谓语动词The secretary and treasurer is absent. (两个职位均由同一个人担任)B)如果意义是复数,则谓语动词用复数The secretary and the treasurer are absent.特殊情况:有一些由and连接的结构形似单数,实则为复数,此时动词用复数:如:Good and bad taste are inculcated by example.What I say and think are none of your business.当and 连接的并列名次词组带有each,every,或者many a等限定词时,随后的动词常用单数。
例如:Every boy and every girl inthis room has been given a candy.2)由or/nor/either···or等连接的并列主语包括or, nor, either···or, neither···nor, not only···but also连接的并列结构做主语,随后的动词形式按照“就近原则”。
例如:My sisters or my brother is likely to come.3)主语+ as much as等当主语后面跟有as much as,rather than,more than,no less than等引导的从属结构时,随后的动词形式只看主语本身的单复数形式,和附属结构无关。
例如:Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.5)主语+ as well as等当主语后面跟有由as well as,in addition to,with,along with,together with,except等引导的词组时,其后的谓语动词也只取决于主语本身的形式。
例如:The manger with some workers was responsible for the loss.5.以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题英语中表示数量概念的名词词组分为两类。
一类是表示确定数量的词组,如three months,five kilos等;另一类是表示非确定数量的,如:some of···,all of···等。
当这类名词词组做主语时,就会产生主谓一致问题。
1)以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语A)当数量概念被看作一个整体,动词用单数,被看作该数量的一个个的个体,则动词用复数。
例如:Three hours is needed to complete the task.There are six silver dollars I each of the stockings.B)若名词词组的形式为“分数/百分数+ of + 词组”,动词形式由of后词组的形式而定。