语法专项突破-第3节
新高考英语二轮创新复习PPT课件_语法运用第三节重难增分篇
[题组一] ①He volunteered to help control traffic，____________(donate)an hour of his time every week. ②He volunteered to help control traffic，and __________(donate)an hour of his time every week.
【名校课堂】获奖PPT-新高考英语二 轮创新 复习课 件：专 题四语 法运用 第三节 重难增 分篇（ 最新版 本）推 荐
【名校课堂】获奖PPT-新高考英语二 轮创新 复习课 件：专 题四语 法运用 第三节 重难增 分篇（ 最新版 本）推 荐
[题组三] ①He went into the room，____________(sit)at the table and began to read newspapers. ②They walked along the stream together，____________(talk)and laughing. 分析：两句看似结构一致，但仔细分析却是大相径庭。①句为and 连接三个并列谓语；②句为and连接两个伴随状语。故①填sat；② 填talking。
【名校课堂】获奖PPT-新高考英语二 轮创新 复习课 件：专 题四语 法运用 第三节 重难增 分篇（ 最新版 本）推 荐
【名校课堂】获奖PPT-新高考英语二 轮创新 复习课 件：专 题四语 法运用 第三节 重难增 分篇（ 最新版 本）推 荐
3．(2019·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ____________(declare)she had no plans to retire from her 36yearold business. 4．(2019·高考北京卷)On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.I ____________(voice)my biggest concern to my mother，“How will I make friends？” 5．(2018·高考全国卷Ⅱ)Since 2011，the country ____________ (grow)more corn than rice.
对外汉语教学语法第三节数词的使用和量词的使用
第三节数词的使用和量词的使用一、数词的类别及表示法（一）数词的书写方法数词是用来表示数目的，现代汉语中，数词的书写方法有三种：1、大写数字壹贰叁肆伍陆柒捌玖拾佰仟2、小写数字一二三四五六七八九十百千3、阿拉伯数字1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 100 10001类只适用于比较重要场合，比如钱币上使用，以及银行、商店等填写发票时使用。
2、3两类比较常用，都可以用来标明书籍、报刊等内容的章节段落的序号，也都可以表示基数、系数，也都可以表示日期，但在一篇文章或一本书中，使用哪一类数目词要一致，如表示“2004年11月12日”，其他地方也都这样表示。
第二类主要用于表示序数，第三类主要用于公式的表达。
在表示分数和百分数时，如果用来表示读法，则用第二类，直接书写一般用第三类。
（二）数词的分类数词可以分为基数词和序数词两大类。
基数是表示数目大小的，如“一、二、三、四、五”等。
基数词又包括系数、位数、分数、小数、倍数、概数等。
数词的类别可以下列图示：系数：一…九十零半廿卅位数：十百千万亿兆基数概数：两几多多少许多若干小数、分数：3.1 三分之一数词倍数：三倍十二倍序数：第一第二第三第四第十数量数词：俩仨（三）数词的表示法1、整数（1）“万”以下的读法一样，先读“万”前面的系数词，再读位数“万”，然后分别读“千”、“百”、“十”前面的系数和这些位数。
例如：54673→五万四千六百七十三（2）“万”以上以“万”为单位，四位一级，即在阿拉伯字码数列上从个位开始，向左数每四位数可用逗号与前面隔开。
“万万”为“亿”，“亿”以上，以“亿”为单位。
如：6870000→六百八十七万5726，4832，9803→五千七百二十六亿，四千八百三十二万，九千八百零三。
（3）一个数列中间有空位时，不管有几个空位，都读作一个“零”。
25006009读作：两千五百万六千零九（4）电话号码、房号、年号习惯上只读系数，不读位数。
“1”习惯上读作“yāo”。
英语语法三节知识点
英语语法三节知识点英语语法三大部分的知识点英语语法有很多分类，但大致可以分为以下三个部分：一.形态学词汇研究主要有两个问题：1.词性也叫词性。
为了方便学习和研究，人们根据英语单词的含义和用法对它们进行分类。
比如，表达事物的词叫名词，表达动作或状态的词叫动词；等一下。
示例：我非常喜欢玩中文。
代词介词动词形容词名词副词副词副词2.各种词的特点和用法对单词进行分类对我们掌握和使用英语单词很有帮助。
(1)在掌握每类词特点的基础上，掌握每类词使用的一般规律，避免犯各种语法错误，提高正确性。
例如，形容词可以修饰名词，副词可以修饰形容词或动词，介词通常与名词连用，等等。
英语名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词分为单数和复数。
掌握了这些特点，我们就可以在实践中正确运用，避免一些语法错误。
(2)掌握词类的转换特点对扩大我们的词汇量和正确用词有很大的作用。
比如“小心，小心”，英文单词是care。
以care为词根(也叫基本词汇)，可以改变很多意义相关但词性不同的词，如：小心(动词)、小心(名词)、小心(形容词)、粗心(描述词)、小心谨慎(副词)、粗心大意(名词)等。
第二，句法句法研究主要解决以下三个问题：1.句子成分为了更好地学习句子，人们把句子分成各种成分。
示例：[我][喜欢][非常喜欢。
][主语][谓语][宾语][状语]2.造句规则连接句子成分(包括单词、短语和从句)来表达正确的意思，这就是一个句子。
但是，句子成分中谁先谁后是有一定规律的，它们之间又有什么关系。
汉语有汉语的规律，英语有英语的特点。
示例：L1:我六点钟在家吃晚饭。
中文：Ihavemydinnerathomeatsix。
(我六点钟在家吃饭。
)句法就是研究这些规律。
3.句型也叫句型。
简单来说，常见的英语句型包括肯定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择性疑问句、否定句、感叹句等。
每个句型都有固定的表达方法，包括它的重音、升调和降调、回答等等。
当我们使用英语时，我们必须遵守这些规则，否则会出现语法错误。
中考英语总复习第3部分话题专项突破第3节居住环境6年2考练习外研版
第3部分第三节一、完形填空(2018广州五中一模改编)I have a neighbor called “Happy”. I have never seen her __1__ at anything and never heard her say a harsh (苛刻的) word to anyone .Happy and her husband Ben, have a huge __2__. They spent many happy hours together in it. Most of the neighbors were __3__. We all wished we could have such a large garden.Last month, Happy and Ben __4__ most of the neighborhoods for an “all－day food festival”. We were told to bring gloves and arrive very __5__ in the morning. We didn't know what was about to __6__.By 9:00 a.m., there were nine of us in the garden __7__ tomatoes, beans, okra (秋葵), and squash (南瓜). By 10:00 a.m., there was lots of laughter. We shared a lot of stories. By five o'clock that afternoon, everyone was a little drunk __8__ drinking lots of wine and beer. After dinner, we played games. As we were leaving, Happy and Ben __9__ shopping bags to us, which were filled with the bounty (收成) of the day, already packaged and frozen. What a wonderful gift!Well, the point wasn't so much about the __10__. The true gift was a wonderful day when friends enjoyed one another's company. None of it would have happened if it had been for Happy and Ben's garden.( )1.A．happy B．surprisedC．angry D．crazy( )2.A．garden B．houseC．office D．flat( )3.A．quiet B．carefulC．interested D．worried( )4.A．invited B．toldC．taught D．helped( )5.A．recently B．earlyC．lately D．later( )6.A．take place B．take actionC．take turns D．take care( )7.A．cutting B．eatingC．planting D．picking( )8.A．until B．sinceC．before D．after( )9.A．picked out B．checked outC．handed out D．found out( )10.A．time B．foodC．garden D．story二、阅读理解A(2018江门市江海区二模)Mrs. Clean House CleaningComing home to a house that is clean will make us feel very comfortable. Mrs. Clean House Cleaning is the most well-known, trusted name in home cleaning service. We have provided housekeeping services according to the wishes of our customers.We are a husband-and-wife-run company with a passion (热情) for our business. We started as a small cleaning gro up with two cleaners in 1997. In the past 20 years, we have grown into a company with over 200 cleaners, and we now provide service for 30,000 customers each year.If you are not happy with our service, we will come back andclean till you are 100% satisfied because we have:*best cleaning service*great cleaning supplies & equipment(设备)*environmentally friendly cleaning products*well-trained cleaners with police-checked background$20 OFF your first cleaning and $10 OFF the second Set up your cleaning order online：Tell us what you want us to do on our website and you will get our e-mail in reply.Call the officeCall our office to ask any questions you have and make an appointment (预约).Tel: 6665－5436No more time spent in cleaning the kitchen, bathroom and all the other areasof your home.With more time to do what you like, contract with Mrs. Clean House Cleaning, and your life will be completely changed immediately!A．two friends B．two menC．a couple D．two neighbors( )2. Cleaners from this company ______.A．can be trusted B．have no passionC．are well-known D．have unclear background( )3. If your first order with this company is priced 50 dollars, then you have to pay______.A．70 dollars B．50 dollarsC．40 dollars D．30 dollars( )4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A．There are 200 cleaners in this company.B．If the customers are not satisfied with the cleaning, they don't have to pay for it.C．Customers have three ways to make an appointment with this cleaning company.D．Customers can spare some time for their hobbies if they pay the company to do the cleaning.( )5. The passage is probably from ______.A．a guide on cleaning B．an advertisement of a cleaning company C．a guide on time-saving D．an advertisement of a very clean houseBAre you aged between 14 and 19 years old? Do you care about the environment around you? Would you please help make the area you live in cleaner and safer?If your answers are “yes”，“yes” and “yes”， then read on! You may be surprised to hear that you can actually get m oney for improving your community.The “Big Lottery (彩票)” is giving money to groups of teenagers who want to become active citizens. We have ￡80,000 to give away. We're looking for young people to take part in schemes and projects near to the places they live in.Here are some easy things you could do to get started：Meeting the neighborsEverybody needs good neighbors. Knock on people's doors an d find out what they need to improve in your area. Set a date for a meeting and then make some plans togethe r. If you don't wan t to go around to their houses, you could always put a note through their doors.Neighborhood watchNeighborhood watch schemes are very popular in the UK. If you go away on holiday and leave your house, it's very nice to know that a neighbor is keeping an eye on it. It's a good way to make the area you live in safe.Lending a handThere are elderly people living in the neighborhood. Offer to do their shopping once a week, look after their gardens or walk their dogs!No litteringNobody likes picking up rubbish, but a clean street can make all the difference. Take it in turns to go out once or twice a week and see what you can find. You never know, one day you might find something valuable!( )6. The aim of the “B ig Lottery” is ______.A．to make the neighborhood busier B．to help the old people in the community C．to improve the local community D．to help young babies in the neighborhood( )7. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A．The center for elderly people will be larger.B．The writer is the manager of the community.C．It is hard to find a neighbor to watch your house in the UK.D．We will get money if we give any help in our community.( )8. The underlined word “schemes” means ______ in Chinese in the passage.A．公民B．街坊C．规划D．社区( )9. Who is needed to take part in the project?A．Anyone who wants to. B．Teenagers from 14 to 19.C．All the teenagers. D．All the students in the neighborhood.( )10. The passage is mainly about ______.A．why we should care about the elderly people in our communityB．what we can do to improve the environment of ou r communityC．how we can keep our community cleanD．when we should get the neighbors together to meet their needsC(2018江门市江海区模拟)配对阅读左栏是五个人将要扔掉的废品的描述，右栏是七个废品处理的措施，请根据每个人的情况，为他们选择合适的处理措施。
语法专项突破三
美国人现在每个人吃的蔬菜是1910年的两倍多。
Americans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
Smoking is harmful to people’s health,killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents. 吸烟对人的健康有害，每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。
经典品味
考点二 形容词、副词的比较级 1．(2011·高考江西卷)—The film is,I have to say，not a bit interesting. —Why? It’s ________ than the films I have ever seen.
01
far more interesting
(2011·高考大纲全国卷)Mr.Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn’t ask for a________ boss. A．better B．good C．best D．still better
解析：选A。本题考查形容词的比较级。句意：为史蒂文森先生工作感觉非常好——我真的再也找不到比他更好的老板了。从句中信息couldn’t可以得知，此处是对not...better...的考查。英语中“否定词＋形容词比较级”相当于形容词的最高级。
解析：选C。考查限定副词。句意：当母亲回顾他们刚结婚的那些日子时,她不知道他们是怎样设法用那么点钱过日子的。few和little(少)前面不用such修饰，排除B和D两项；money是不可数名词，而few修饰可数名词，故排除A，选C。
英语考前突破讲义：专题1+语法知识+第三节+Word版含解析
第三节非谓语动词设题方法侧重考查学生分析句子结构和判断句子成分的能力。
核心考点考查非谓语动词作状语、定语和补足语。
备考知识1.非谓语动词作各类状语的基本用法。
2.非谓语动词作定语的基本用法。
3.非谓语动词作宾语补足语或主语补足语的基本用法。
4.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语和表语的基本用法。
能力要求1.辨别“谓与非谓”的能力。
2.寻找非谓语动词逻辑主语的能力。
3.分析“时态”和“语态”的能力。
1. the convenience of digital payment，many senior citizens started to use smart phones. (2019·江苏，30)A.To enjoyB.EnjoyingC.To have enjoyedD.Enjoy答案A解析考查非谓语动词。
句意为：为了享受电子支付的便利，许多老年人开始使用智能手机。
分析句子结构可知，这里表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。
2.China’s image is improving steadily，with more countries its role in international affairs.(2019·江苏，32)A.recognizingB.being recognizedC.to be recognizedD.recognized答案A解析考查with复合结构。
句意为：随着更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用，中国的形象正在稳步提升。
此处是with复合结构，动词recognize与其逻辑主语more countries之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词。
3. to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.(2019·天津，4) A.Learn B.LearnedC.LearningD.Having learned答案C解析考查动名词。
(现代汉语)第五章 第三节 词类(下)词类小结
（四）代词的误用
（1）指代不明 小王和小李是好朋友，在工作上他一直是支持他的。
（2）人称用错 他说他小时候得过一场大病，是王医生把我治好的。
（3）远近指不当 在首都机场，她告诉我她是东北人，这里有他热爱的家乡特产。
（五）介词的误用
1、“对于”和“对” 常见毛病： 1）该用“对”而用了“对于”
如：我们做任何工作，都要对于人民负责。 2）主体客体的位置颠倒 如：科学著作，对我们这些粗通文字的人是看不懂的。
“对”还有“向”、“对待”的意思，这时都不能换成对于。 如：他对我招了招手。
她对学生特别有耐心。
• 2、“关于”和“对于”
关⋯于⋯织女星，民间有个美丽的传说； 对⋯于⋯文化遗产，我们必须进行研究分析。 对于／⋯关⋯于 订立公约，大家都很赞成。
1）表示关涉、涉及的事务，用“关于”；指出对象，用“对于” 如： 2）“关于”组成的介词短语作状语，通常放在主语之前；“对于”
组成的介词短语作状语，放在主语前后都可以。 3）“关于”组成的介词短语可以做标题，“对于”不能。
•3、在
• “在⋯⋯上”“在⋯⋯下”中间插的应该是名词或名 词性短语，一般不能是谓词性词语。
汉语词类跟句法成分之间不存在简单的一 一对应关系
名词
动词
形容词
副词
主以上划粗线的是表示该词类的主要功能，划细线的是次要功能，划虚线 的是局部功能。 ）
考考你：
• 请问下列各词属于什么词类？
•工作 经济 忙 到 和
？
（二）词的兼类和借用
• 词的兼类是某个词经常具备两类或几类词的主要语法功能。
我买了二本书。 我要买二量油。 二位请！ 两张票。
第1部分 专题1---第3节
„„也”，另外还可以用“乃”“即”“则”“为”“皆”“耳”
“非”(表否定)等词表判断。
菜 单 隐 藏
2013 ·新课标高考总复习 ·语文
核心考 点探究
例1：下列句子中，句式与其他三句不相同的一项是(
即时对 点演练 相关资 料补充
)
A．不者，若属皆且为所虏 (《鸿门宴》) B．臣乃市井鼓刀屠者 (《信陵君窃符救赵》) C．梁，吾仇也 (《伶官传序》) 山 东 解析：本题考查对判断句的辨识能力。A项是被动句，B、C、D三项 金 太 阳 都是判断句，分别用“乃”“„„也”“„„者，„„”表判断。 书 业 有 答案：A 限 公 司 D．魏公子无忌者，魏昭王少子 (《信陵君窃符救赵》)
菜 单 隐 藏
2013 ·新课标高考总复习 ·语文
核心考 点探究 即时对 点演练 相关资 料补充
例6：下列句中没有宾语前置现象的一句是( A．甚矣，汝之不惠 (《愚公移山》)
)
B．古之人不余欺也 (《石钟山记》)
C．天大寒，砚冰坚，手指不可屈伸，弗之怠 (《送东阳马生序》) D．彼且奚适也 (《逍遥游》)
)
D．国之孺子之游者，无不饣甫也 (《勾践灭吴》) 解析：本题考查辨识文言句式的能力。A.“爪牙之利，筋骨之强” 山 东 金 太 阳 书 业 有 限 公 司
意为“锋利的爪牙，强健的筋骨”，“之”是定语后置的标志。B.
“之”用在主谓之间，取消句子独立性(前面提到的例6中A项“汝之不 惠”的“之”同此)。C.“行李之往来”意为“往来的使者”，是定语
溪”。“家”是名词作动词，安家；“是溪”表处所，中间省略介词
“于”。其他三项正确。 答案：A
菜 单 隐 藏
2013 ·新课标高考总复习 ·语文
高考英语语法词汇专项突破：08非谓语动词短文填空专练(含高考真题) (原卷板)
高考英语语法词汇专项突破：08非谓语动词短文填空专练(No.9-12)+答案卡（原卷板）（素材来源：高考真题、教材原文、知名网站、权威考题等）姓名：__________ 班级: _________ 限时：45分钟得分：____________养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
第三组：（No.9-12）No.9阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those ___1____ (amaze) constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, tasty soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplingsarrive ___2___ (steam) and dangerously hot. To eat one, youhave to decide whether ___3__ (bite) a small hole in it first,releasing the stream and ____4__ (risk) a spill (溢出), or to putthe whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explodeon your tongue. Shanghai may be the ___5___ (recognize) homeof the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point youto the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’sbirthplace. There you will find them ___6____ (prepare)differently---- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than ____7____ (roll) . Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___8____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without __9___ (tear) or spilling any of their contents. The meat should be fresh with a touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ____10____ (want) more next time. (209 words) 【改编自(普通高等学校招生全国统一考试2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷) 】No.10阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
专项语法突破3
专项语法突破(三)非谓语动词考纲解读非谓语动词是高考语法中最重要的语法项目之一，也是难点之一。
2013年全国各省市的高考英语试卷中，考查非谓语动词的题目有26道。
高考英语试题一般会在四个选项中设置不同形式的非谓语动词，这四个选项可能是动词-ing形式、过去分词、不定式和某种非谓语动词的完成式，也有的将非谓语动词与动词形式放在一起辨析。
高考考查重点为：(1)不定式和动词-ing形式作主语的区别；(2)不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词作表语的区别；(3)不定式和动词-ing 形式作宾语的区别；(4)不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词作定语的区别；(5)现在分词不定式和过去分词作状语的区别等。
高考在语法填空中设置语境以让考生选择合适的非谓语动词形式。
知识归纳·方法点拨一、考点知识归纳非谓语动词的句法功能归纳1．动词不定式作状语不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。
(1)不定式用来作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，这里往往译作“为了，想要”。
[典题示例]________ this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.(make)剖析：To make从句意看此句中要用不定式作目的状语，表示“为了，想要”之意。
特别提示：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to/so as to＋动词原形，但so as to不用于句首。
如：He got up early in order to/so as to catch the first bus.In order to catch the first bus，he got up early.为了赶上第一班车，他起床很早。
(2)不定式用来作结果状语：作结果状语时，常用于so...as to...，such...as to...，enough to...，too...to...，only to等结构中。
高考英语二轮复习专题一语法运用第三节基础保分五构词法课后综合提能
第三节基础保分五构词法Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·海南儋州一次统测)By the time of his death (die)，he was the bestselling Chinese author，and over 100 million copies of his works have been sold in the world. 2．Almost all the fables he wrote are humorous_ (humor)and entertaining，appealing to people of all ages.3．(2019·海南儋州一次统测)His works have been widely (wide)translated into many languages including English，French，Korean and Japanese.4．(2019·湖北七市联考)Flowering in May，peonies' large petals and strong colors are linked to prosperity and richness (rich)in traditional Chinese culture. 5．(2019·昆明调研)If it is your first trip to China，we sincerely (sincere)suggest you should spend at least ten days visiting Beijing，Xi'an，Dunhuang，Urumqi and Kashi. 6．(2019·广州调研)Some microbes can make you sick.People usually call these ones germs. Luckily (lucky)for you，there are more helpful microbes，working together to keep you healthy，than bad ones.7．(2019·安徽名校模拟) Surprisingly (surprising), 10% of these chefs said that their favorite meal of their entire lives was at a fastfood restaurant!8．(2019·江西名校学术联盟质检Ⅱ)Reading more can enrich (rich) your knowledge. 9．(2019·湖北五校期中联考)Her dream is to become a musician (music)．10．(2019·陕西榆林三模)Don't judge a person by his appearance (appear), which can be misleading.Ⅱ.单句改错1．A difficult person will be easier to cooperate if understand is achieved.is achieved. 答案：A difficult person will be easier to cooperate if understandunderstanding2．The actually reasons for this phenomenon are the subject of a very heated discussion. 答案：The actuallyreasons for this phenomenon are the subject of a very heated actualdiscussion.3．It's surprised what people will do for money.答案：It's surprisedwhat people will do for money.surprising4．Are you being completely honesty about your feelings?答案：Are you being completely honestyabout your feelings?honest5．Hopeful，we'll arrive before dark.答案：Hopeful，we'll arrive before dark.HopefullyⅢ.语法填空(2019·河北九校联考)The first creature to orbit our planet was just three years old, saved from the streets of Moscow only more than a week 1.__________ her historic travel. Her name was Laika. Her 1957 flight paved the way for space exploration at the time 2.____________ scientists didn't know if spaceflight was deadly for living creatures.Man is a born explorer. Since before the dawn of civilization, we've been trying 3.____________ (go) over the horizon to find food or more space, or just to see what's beyond those trees or mountains or oceans. Our 4.____________ (able) to explore has reached new heights in the last hundred years. Airplanes could 5.____________ (simple) our travel, shorten distances and show us Earth from a new angle. By the middle of the 20th century, we aimed even 6.____________ (high)．Laika 7.____________ (follow) into orbit three years later by the first human, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. It was our first step into space. Then we turned our sights to the moon and the solar system. Manned space stations began shining brightly in the sky.Space travel is 8.____________ like that in the movies. Getting from planet to planet (or moon) across the solar system requires complex calculations 9.____________ (involve) inertia (惯性) and gravity—literally, rocket science. Space is also 10.____________ (safe). More than 20 astronauts have died, doing their job. However, that hasn't stopped people from signing up and going into space.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文，简单介绍了人类的太空探索历史。
2020年高考英语大一轮语法突破讲义：第三节代词
第三节代词代词是代替名词、短语和句子起名词作用的词。
代词主要包括九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词(只有两个：each other和one another)、不定代词、疑问代词、关系代词和连接代词。
关系代词和连接代词隶属于复合句部分。
一、人称代词她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。
② Give me a challenge，and I will meet it with joy.给我一个挑战，我会欣然接受。
[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find (they) alive.解析考查代词之人称代词。
分析句子结构可知，此处要用代词作find的宾语，故要用人称代词的宾格。
they的宾格为them。
答案them二、物主代词他邀请了他的一些朋友参加他的宴会。
②The government has changed its policy.政府已经改变了它的政策。
③I won't believe anything unless I see it with my own eyes.除非亲眼看见，否则我不会相信任何事情的。
三、反身代词那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己。
含有反身代词的习惯用语by oneself 独自地for oneself 亲自come to oneself 苏醒；恢复知觉dress oneself 给自己穿衣behave yourself 举止规矩有礼devote oneself to 致力于apply oneself to 专心致志于help oneself to 随便吃/用enjoy oneself 玩得开心make yourself at home 别客气teach oneself 自学四、指示代词1．指示代词的分类以及this，that，these和those的用法指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，表示“这个/些” “那个/些”。
第3节 二项式定理
2n=64,所以
n=6,Tr+1=
C
r 6
·x6-r ·(
1 x
)r=
C
r 6
x6-2r,当
6-2r=0,
即
r=3
时为常数项
.T4=
C
3 6
=20.
︱高中总复习︱一轮·理数
3.若(1+x)(1-2x)7=a0+a1x+a2x2+…+a8x8,则a1+a2+…+a7的值是( C )
(A)-2
(B)-3
25-r·
C
r 5
=2·
C
4 5
=2·
C15
= 10.
所以 x3 的系数为 10.
答案:10
.(用数字填写
︱高中总复习︱一轮·理数
6.下面结论正确的序号为
.
①
C
r n
an-rbr是二项展开式的第r项.
②二项展开式中,系数最大的项为中间一项或中间两项.
③(a+b)n的展开式中某一项的二项式系数与a,b无关.
2 x
)r= C5r
·2r·x10-3 r,令
10-3r=4,得 r=2.故展开式中 x4 的系数为 C52 ·22=40.故选 C.
︱高中总复习︱一轮·理数
2.若（x+ 1 ）n展开式的二项式系数之和为64,则展开式的常数项为( B )
x
(A)10
(B)20
(C)30
(D)120
解析:二项式系数之 和
数次幂项的系数和为
a(
C14
+
C
3 4
)+(
C
语法专项突破
语法专项突破第一节 名词和冠词考点一 名词的数与名词的格 1．抽象名词具体化常见的抽象名词具体化的词有Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
His new book is quite a success. 他的新书获得了巨大成功。
2．有些物质名词可具体化为可数名词，常见的有—Would you like some coffee? 你想喝点咖啡吗？—I'd like a coffee and two beers. 我想要一杯咖啡两瓶啤酒。
3．名词作定语(1)名词作定语时，大多数情况用单数形式。
例如：a shoe store 一家鞋店(2)man ，woman 修饰名词时，随名词单复数的变化而变化。
a man teacher 一位男老师→ two men teachers 两位男老师 a boy student 一位男生→ two boy students 两位男生 (3)有些名词作定语时用复数形式，常见的有：a clothes shop 一家服装店；a goods car 一辆货车；a customers officer 一位海关官员。
4．名词的格(1)所有格的构成：不以－s 结尾的单数名词后加－'s ；以－s 结尾的复数名词后加－'；以－s 结尾的单数名词后加－'s 或－'均可。
(2)表示各自所属关系时，各名词末尾均需加's ，例如：Jane's and Mary's bikes 简的自行车和玛丽的自行车。
(3)表示共有的所属关系时，在最后一词后加's ，例如：Jane and Mary's father 简和玛丽的父亲(是同一个人) 考点二 名词的词义辨析 常见的两组名词词义辨析： 1．cause ，reason ，excuseDrunken driving is often the cause of accidents. 酒后驾驶经常是事故的起因。
【难点透视】：Unit3 语法专项突破
【难点透视】：Unit3 语法专项突破一、系动词be构成的否定句及疑问句主语＋系动词be＋其他成分，构成了含系动词be的肯定句式。
观察以下句子，识别否定句式和疑问句式：That is a book.那是一本书。
That isn't a book.那不是一本书。
Is that a book那是一本书吗Yes，it is./No，it isn't.是的，它是。
/不，它不是。
What's that那是什么通过图片和句子，你能总结出be动词构成的否定句和疑问句是如何使用了吗二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。
物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
有人称和单复数形式的变化。
1.You must do your work well.你必须把你的工作做好。
(your 作定语)We must do our homework well.我们必须把我们的作业做好。
(our作定语)2．名词性物主代词在句中作主语、宾语、表语等，相当于一个名词。
Mine is on the desk.我的在课桌上。
(mine作主语)Don't take hers away.不要把她的带走。
(hers 作宾语)It's his.那是他的。
(his作表语)Those books are theirs.那些书是他们的。
(theirs作表语)顺口溜帮你记：妈爱(my)变妈恩(mine)，s结尾的不变化；以r结尾加s，形作定语他词伴；名表主宾须独行。
【例1】—Are you a student—Yes，______.A．I'm B．I'm notC．I am D．I am not1．This is my jacket.(改为一般疑问句)______ ______ ______ ______2．Is this a ruler(作肯定回答)______，______ ______.3．Are you a teacher(作否定回答)______，______ ______.A．you B．yourC．yours D．her解析：考查名词性物主代词的用法。
2021届全国新高考英语语法专项突破(详解)
2021届全国新高考英语语法专项突破（详解）语法详解：过去分词作宾补概念引入上个单元我们学习了过去分词作表语和定语的用法。
现在我们继续学习过去分词作宾语补足语。
看这些句子：1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.2. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form theUnited Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful government.3. You find most of the population settled in the south.4. They found the window broken.5. ..., so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.这些句子中的黑体部分都是过去分词作宾语补足语。
用法讲解宾语补足语是同学们学习英语的一个小难点，许多同学都弄不清到底什么是宾语补足语，它的作用是什么，所以我们今天就从宾语补足语讲起，重点讲解过去分词作宾语补足语的内容。
什么是宾语补足语英语中一些动词除需要一个宾语外，还需有宾语补足语句子意义才完整，这样就构成了英语的六种基本句型（见【补充】）中的“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型。
宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。
可作补足语的结构有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词、不定式等。
宾语和其宾语补足语也被称为复合结构。
1. 作补足语的词语：1）We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我们认为他是一个好老师。
（名词短语作宾语补足语，相当于省略了to be）2）I find learning English difficult. 我发现学英语很难。
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高三总复习·BS英语
针对训练
Ⅰ.选词填空 stubborn ； therefore ； seldom ； otherwise ； blindly ； optimistic；deliberately；frequently；efficient 1．(2014·安徽高考)My good performance in the job interview left me________about my future and about what I can do here.
高三总复习·BS英语
[名师点津] 如……”。
“not as/so＋原级adj./adv.＋as ...”表示“不
The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine. 这工作没有你想象的那么难。
高三总复习·BS英语
4．表示倍数的三种句型： ①倍数＋as＋原级形容词(副词)＋as ... ②倍数＋the size/length/width/depth/height of ... ③倍数＋比较级＋than... The building is three times as high as that one. ＝The building is three times the height of that one. ＝The building is twice higher than that one. 这座大楼是那座的三倍高。
高三总复习·BS英语
第三节 形容词和副词
高三总复习·BS英语
考点一 形容词的基本用法 1．形容词作定语 (1)一般情况下，形容词作定语放在被修饰词前。但在 下列情况下，形容词要放在被修饰词的后面。 ①形容词作定语修饰some，any，every，no和 body，thing，one等构成的复合不定代词时，需后置。 I have nothing particular to do tonight. 今晚我没什么特别要做的事。 He had something interesting to tell you，but he forgot. 他本来有有趣的事要告诉你，可是他忘了。
高三总复习·BS英语
6．比较等级前常用的修饰语：a
little，a
bit，
slightly，much，a lot，a great deal，any，far，by far， even，still等。 After two years' research，we now have a far better understanding of the disease.经过两年的研究，我们现在对 这种疾病有了更进一步的了解。
高三总复习·BS英语
[名师点津] close 接近的 free 免费的 hard 努力的
有些副词有两种形式，但含义不同： closely 仔细地，密切地 freely 自由地 hardly 几乎不 lately 近来 mostly 主要地 广泛地
late 晚，迟到 most 极，非常 wide 广阔的 high 高
高三总复习·BS英语
4．有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。 Unfortunately，when he went through customs in Japan，they would not let him in.不幸的是，当他在日本过 海关的时候，工作人员不会放行。 Apparently，this is not something that happened to Tom.很显然，这些并没有发生在汤姆身上。 5．can not/never与enough或too much连用表示“无论 怎样都不过分”。 You cannot be too careful when crossing the street. 穿越马路时，再怎么小心也不为过。
高三总复习·BS英语
2．so/as/that/too/how/that修饰形容词加名词时的顺 序：so/as/too/how/that＋adj.＋a/an＋n.。 It is too difficult a job for me to finish in so short a time(such a short time)． 在如此短的时间内完成工作对我太难了。
teachers concerned与„„有关的老师们
高三总复习·BS英语
[名师点津]
多个形容词作定语的排列顺序
请记住以下口诀： 限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老， 颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。 a little white wooden house 一座白色的小木房 some beautiful little red flowers 一些美丽的小红花 an old brown woolen carpet 一件旧的棕色羊毛地毯
高三总复习·BS英语
②以able或ible结尾的形容词可放在前有形容词最高级 或only等词修饰的名词后面。 I saw the best performance possible last night. 昨晚我看了一场再好没有的表演。
高三总复习·BS英语
(2)有些形容词作前置定语和后置定语意义不同，试比 较： ①the present people 现在的人们；the people present 在场的人们 ②the absent students 心不在焉的学生；the students absent 缺席的学生 ③the concerned teachers 忧心忡忡的老师们；the
高三总复习·BS英语
2．表语形容词 表语形容词常作表语或后置定语。常见的表语形容词 有：afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，alike， ashamed，well，sorry，unable，worth，sure等。 The baby asleep might be awake very soon. 正在睡着的婴儿可能很快就会醒来。
【答案】
optimistic
高三总复习·BS英语
2．(2014·福建高考)With online shopping increasingly
popular ， the Internet is seen as a(n)________ way of reaching target customers. 【答案】 efficient
widely
highly 高度地，非常地 deeply (抽象意义)深深地
deep 深
高三总复习·BS英语
考点三 形容词和副词的比较等级 1．形容词和副词的比较等级 形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。
[名师点津]
以下形容词及其副词无比较级和最高级：
relative, absolute, perfect, entire, senior, golden, afraid, unique, present, simply, right, wrong, sure, round, empty, wonderful等。
高三总复习·BS英语
3．表示时间频度的副词always，often，usually， never，seldom，rarely等多放在实意动词前，系动词、情态 动词或助动词之后。 I usually dip into a book before deciding whether to buy it. 我通常先浏览一本书然后才决定是否买它。
高三总复习·BS英语
[名师点津]
否定词＋比较级＝最高级
I ave never seen a better film.我从未看过比这更精彩的 影片(这是我看过的最精彩的影片)。
高三总复习·BS英语
5．most前有定冠词时为最高级，但most前无定冠词时 没有比较的含义，只是用来加强语气，有“很，非常”之 意。 This lesson is most difficult，but it isn't the most difficult.这一课很难，但并不是最难的。
高三总复习·BS英语
[本节小结] 高考侧重于对形容词和副词语义的考查。对比较等级的 考查不是直接考查其结构，而是在具体语境中让考生体会出 其比较的含义。因此考生在日常备考中要掌握英语中形容词 和副词的语法特点以及它们之间的语义差异；具备在特定的 语境中选择恰当的形容词和副词的能力；重点掌握常用且相 似的形容词和副词的含义及用法差异，对比较级的一些常用 句型要做到耳熟能详。
高三总复习·BS英语
③
“the ＋ 比较级，the ＋ 比较级”意为“越„„
就越„„”。 The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you'll make.你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。 ④ “the＋比较级＋of the two ＋n.”表示“两者之间
较„„的那个”。 The taller of the two boys is my brother. 那两个男孩中较高的那个是我弟弟。
高三总复习·BS英语
3．形容词作状语 形容词作状语时表示伴随或结果，并不表示动作的方 式。 He went back home after the heavy work，cold and hungry.劳累了一天后他回到了家，又冷又饿。
高三总复习·BS英语
考点二 副词的基本用法 1．修饰形容词或其他副词，也可以修饰动词。一般位 于被修饰词之前。但enough需放在所修饰词之后。 I was foolish enough to accept his offer. 我接受他的提议真是够傻的。
高三总复习·BS英语
⑤
“a(n)＋比较级＋n.”表示“一个更„„的”。
The story is not very interesting.I will tell you a more interesting one.这个故事不太有趣，我会给你讲一个更有趣 的故事。 ⑥ “as＋原级adj./adv.＋as ...”表示“和„„一样”。 John plays football as well as，if not better than， David. 约翰如果踢足球不比大卫好，至少和他踢得一样好。