中考英语阅读理解题型的解题技巧

一、中考英语阅读理解汇编1．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

In 1845, a deadly disease struck the farms of Ireland, killing all the Lumper potato plants. In another place or time, the death of single crop species （物种）might not have been so important. But in Ireland, in 1845, people depended almost solely on the potato for food. The death of one species caused a terrible famine（饥荒）. Now, some scientists are worried that such a famine could happen again, but on a much wider scale.Over the centuries, farmers have discovered thousands of different species of food crops. Each species has special qualities. Some can be grown in very hot or cold climates. Others are not affected by certain diseases. However, you won't find many of these species in your local supermarket. To feed the seven billion people on Earth, most farmers today are growing only species of plants and farming only species of animals that are easy to produce in large numbers. For example, in the Philippines, there were once thousands of varieties of rice: now fewer than 100 are grown there. In China, 90 percent of the wheat varieties grown just a century ago have disappeared. Scientists believe that over the past century, we have allowed more than half of the world's food varieties to disappear.One solution to this problem is to collect and store the seeds （种子） as many different plant varieties as we can before they disappear. The idea was first suggested by Russian scientist Nikolay Vavilov. In the 1920s and 1930s, he collected around 400,000 seeds from five contients. More recently, others are continuing the work he began.In the U.S. state of Iowa, Diane Ott Whealy wanted to protect historic plant varieties, like the seeds her great –grandfather brought to the U.S. from Germany more than a hundred years ago. She and her husband started a place called Heritage Farm, where people can store and trade seeds.More importantly, the people at Heritage Farm don't just store the seeds; they plant them. By doing this, they are reintroducing foods into the marketplace that haven't been grown for years. These food species are not just special in terms of appearance or taste. They also offer farmers food solutions for the future, from the past.（1）What is this passage mainly about?A. The need to protect different food species.B. How to increase the number of food species.C. The fact that many food species are dying out.D. How to prevent food species from disappearing.（2）Why are some scientists worried that such a famine could happen again?A. Because people depend on certain species of food crops.B. Because the same deadly disease may attack crops again.C. Because the world's population is larger than that in 1845.D. Because farmers grow the same potatoes as those in the past.（3）The following sentence would best be placed at the end of ________.Meanwhile, thousands of other species are dying out.A. Paragraph 1B. Paragraph 2C. Paragraph 3D. Paragraph 4（4）What can we learn from the passage?A. The disease spread very quickly and killed thousands of people in Ireland.B. Around 80 percent of the rice varieties in the Philippines have disappeared.C. People have been storing seeds to save plane varieties for less than 100 years.D. Heritage Farm is the first place in the U.S. for people to store and trade seeds.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】主要讲了人们发现方法来阻止食物物种消失。

（1）主旨题。

根据全文可知主要讲了人们发现方法来阻止食物物种消失，故选D。

（2）细节题。

根据in 1845, people depended almost solely on the potato for food. The death of one species caused a terrible famine（饥荒）. Now, some scientists are worried that such a famine could happen again, but on a much wider scale.可知人们依赖单一的土豆或者食物，所以科学家担心饥荒再次来临，故选A。

（3）推断题。

根据第二段However, you won't find many of these species in your local supermarket.在超市里不能发现这些物种，因为一些正在灭绝，故选B。

（4）细节题。

根据But in Ireland, in 1845, people depended almost solely on the potato for food. The death of one species caused a terrible famine（饥荒）.可知疾病迅速蔓延，给爱尔兰的人们带去了饥荒，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

2．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Are you afraid of going to the dentist （牙医）? If so, you're not alone.These fears could just be in our heads, however. According to a recent survey by Martin Tickle, a professor at Manchester University in the UK, the pain isn't felt most of the time in dental surgeries （牙科手术）. In fact. among the 451 interviewed patients, 75％ reported no pain at all during their visits, including situations when they had their teeth pulled out.Could it be the sound of the drill （钻头）then?"I found that the sound of drilling can evoke deep worry in dental patients. Actually they don't have any pain." Hiroyuki Karibe, a scientist at Nippon Dental University in Tokyo, told the Guardian.To find the reason why a drill might bring on a racing heart, Karibe divided the volunteers intolow-fear and high-fear groups based on how much they feared a trip to the dentist. Volunteers were played the sound of a drill while their brain activities were watched by a machine.What Karibe found in the low-fear group was increased activity in the areas of the brain relative to auditory processing （听觉处理）, which means, for these people, the sound of dental drills is no different from other soundsIn the high-fear group, however, the brain area that was activated （激活） was different. It was the area that carries out a number of duties, including learning, feelings and, most importantly, memory. This means that these volunteers not only heard the sound, but they remembered it-they made connections between the sound of a drill and the worry it produced in the past, causing their worry to return.Understanding how brains reply to the sounds of dentists ' drills could help scientists find ways to make patients more relaxed, according to Karibe, because patients who worry about going to the dentist might keep putting off their visits. But the best way is to keep your teeth healthy.（1）How does the writer explain that the pain isn't felt most of the time in dental surgeries?A. By showing facts with numbers.B. By asking questions one by one.C. By giving examples group by group.D. By comparing results of patients.（2）According to the fourth paragraph, what does the word "evoke" mean in Chinese?A. 减轻B. 引起C. 显示D. 阻止（3）How did the sound of drilling produce different results to the volunteers in the study?A. It produced some worry in the volunteers in the low-fear groupB. For the low-fear group, it activated the brain area dealing with learning, feelings and memoryC. For the high-fear group, it caused more activities in the brain area relative to auditory processing.D. It made people in the high-fear group remember their past uncomfortable memories（4）What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. How the study might be useful.B. Some new ways to treat teethC. The proper way to treat dental patients.D. The importance of keeping our teeth healthy.（5）What's the purpose of the passage?A. To show us different areas of fear in brains.B. To introduce us a recent survey by a scientist.C. To help us have less fear of a trip to the dentist.D. To make it clear that the sound of drilling is not terrible.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）A（5）B【解析】【分析】主要讲了理解大脑对牙医的钻头声的反应可以帮助科学家找到让病人更放松的方法。