铁人三项

铁人三项

The three typical components of triathlon: swimming, cycling, and running游泳，骑自行车，跑步：铁人三项的三个典型的组成部分 A triathlon is a multi-sport event involving the completion of three continuous and sequential endurance events. [ 1 ] While many variations of the sport exist, triathlon, in its most popular form, involves swimming , cycling , and running in immediate succession over various distances. 铁人三项是一个多项目体育事件涉及的事件完成三个连续和连续耐力。[1]虽然很多变化，这项运动的存在，铁人三项，在其最普遍的形式，包括游泳，骑自行车，和运行在各种即时的继承距离。Triathletes compete for fastest overall course completion time, including timed "transitions" between the individual swim, bike, and run components. [ 1 ]铁人三项选手争夺最快的全过程，完成时间，包括定时的“过渡”之间的个人游泳，自行车和运行组件。[1]

Triathlon races vary in distance.铁人三项比赛距离各不相同。According to the International Triathlon Union , and USA Triathlon , the main international race distances are Sprint distance (750 m swim, 20 km bike, 5 km run), Intermediate (or Standard) distance, commonly referred to as " Olympic distance" (1.5 km swim, 40 km ride, 10 km run), the Long Course (1.9 km swim, 90 km ride, 21.1 km run, such as the Half Ironman), and Ultra Distance (3.8 km swim, 180 km ride, and a marathon: 42.2 km run); the most recognized branded Ultra Distance is the Ironman triathlon . [ 2 ]根据国际铁人三项联盟和美国铁人三项，主营国际比赛距离冲刺距离（七百五米游泳，20公里自行车，5公里跑步），中级（或标准）的距离，通常被称为“奥运距离“（1.5公里游泳，40公里车程，10公里跑），龙场（1.9公里游泳，90公里车程，21.1公里跑步半铁人三项等），和超距离（3.8公里游泳，180公里车程，及一项马拉松比赛：42.2公里跑），而最被认可的品牌超距离是铁人三项。[2]

Transition areas are positioned both between the swim and bike segments (T1), and between the bike and run segments (T2) and are where the switches from swimming to cycling and cycling to running occur.过渡区的位置都在游泳和自行车之间段（T1）的之间，以及自行车和（T2）和游泳是从哪里切换到骑自行车和骑自行车运行出现运行区段。These areas are used to store bicycles, performance apparel, and any other accessories needed for preparing and for the next stage of the race.这些领域是用来存放自行车，演出服装，和准备，为下一阶段的比赛所需的任何其他配件。The time spent in T1 and T2 are included in the overall time of the race. [ 3 ] Transitions areas can vary in size depending on the number of participants expected for the race.和T2 T1的时间花费在包括在比赛中。总时间的[3]转换成大小不同的地区可以根据不同的比赛号码为与会者预期。In addition, these areas provide a social headquarters prior to the race. [ 4 ]此外，这些地区总部提供了一个社会在比赛前。[4]

The nature of the sport focuses primarily on persistent and often periodized training in each of the three disciplines, as well as combination workouts and general

strength conditioning. [ 5 ]这项运动的性质主要侧重于持久性，经常周期性的培训，各学科的三个，以及结合体能训练和综合实力调节。[5]

[ edit ] History [ 编辑] 历史

Triathlon is considered by some to have its beginnings in 1920s France . [ 6 ] According to triathlon historian and author Scott Tinley (and others [ 7 ] ), the origin of triathlon is attributed to a race during the 1920s-1930s that was called variously "Les trois sports", "La Course des Débrouillards", and "La course des ToucheàTout".铁人三项是由有一些人认为它在20世纪20年代开始法国。[6]根据铁人三项历史学家和作家斯科特廷利（和其他人[7] ），铁人三项起源是由于比赛期间，20世纪20年代，30年代，被称为不同程度“莱斯三河体育”，

“拉班德Débrouillards”，和“La当然德德勤à兜售”。Nowadays, this race is held every year in France near Joinville-le-Pont , in Meulan and Poissy .如今，这场比赛是在法国举行每年近约恩维利乐蓬，在Meulan和普瓦西。

An earlier tri-sport event in 1902 featured running, cycling, and canoeing. [ 7 ] There are documented tri-sport events featuring running, swimming, & cycling (not necessarily in that order) in 1920, 1921, 1945, and the 1960s. [ 7 ] In 1920, the French newspaper "L´Auto" reported on a competition called "Les Trois Sports" with a 3 km run, 12 km bike, and a swim across the channel Marne .较早的三1902年体育事件在精选跑步，骑自行车和皮划艇。[7]有记载，游泳，骑自行车及（不一定按此顺序排列）于1920年，1921年，1945年三体育活动具有运行，20世纪60年代。[7] 1920年，法国报纸“欧莱雅汽车”报道公里自行车，体育“为3的竞争称为”莱斯三河公里跑步，12，游过通道的马恩河。Those three parts were done without any break.这三个部分进行了没有任何突破。Another event was held in 1921 in Marseilles with the order of events bike-run-swim.另一个事件是1921年举行的马赛与事件的顺序自行车运行，游泳。Among the participants was American athlete Charles Sector. [ 8 ] There are also articles in French newspapers about a race in Marseille in 1927.在与会者的是美国选手查尔斯部门。[8]也有27年在法国马赛的文章在报纸上有关比赛。There is a 1934 article about "Les Trois Sports" (the three sports) in the city of La Rochelle , a race with: (1) a channel crossing (c. 200 m), (2) a bike competition (10 km) around the harbor of La Rochelle and the parcLaleu, and (3) a run (1200 m) in the stadium André-Barbeau.有一个体育“1934年一篇关于”莱斯三河）在城市（体育三拉罗谢尔，与比赛：（1）海峡横渡（约200米），（2）自行车赛（10公里）周围的拉罗谢尔港口和ParcLaleu，（3）在大球场安德烈巴博运行（1200米）。

[ edit ] Modern triathlon [ 编辑] 现代铁人三项

The first modern swim/bike/run event to be called a 'triathlon' was held at Mission