Pronunciation and Spelling of Australia English澳大利亚英语发音拼写特点

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21世纪大学实用英语综合教程第二册Unit1(可编辑修改word版)

教案授课单元21世纪大学实用英语综合教程第二册Unit 1本（章）节授课方式课堂讲授（√）实践课（）教学时数6本（章）节教学目标After studying this unit, the students are expected to1.master the basic language and skills necessary to ask for and giveclarification;2.understand the main ideas of Text A, Text B and Text C, and master theuseful sentence structures and words and expressions found in the exercises relevant to the first two texts;3.know how to write a letter of invitation;4.know how to use V+V-ing;5.guess the meaning of unknown words in context.授课要点教学重点和难点Teaching focus:1. Master the basic language and skills necessary to make requests2. Explain some language points to the Ss.3. Explain some grammar points to the Ss.Teaching difficulties:1. How to improve Ss’ speaking ability.2. How to improve Ss’ listening ability.思考题或作业1.Review the key expressions from the previous lesson.2.Read Text B of this unit, and deepen the understanding of the theme in this unit. -Share reflections on this theme in class.3.Review the new words and phrases of this text. Try to use them in daily life.4.Finish the reading and listening tasks of this unit.教学内容与组织安排1st period Text A (Global Reading)2nd period Text A (Detailed Reading)3rd period Grammar Review4 th period Practical Writing5th period Text B6th period Improve Your Reading Skills1st period Text A (Global Reading)1 Background InformationEnglish LanguageThe English language is the most widely spoken language in the world. It is used as either a primary or secondary language in many countries.During the 1500s, fewer than 2 million people spoke English. All of them lived in what is now Great Britain. Through the centuries, as the result of various historical events, English spread throughout the world. Today, about 400 million people speak English as their native language. Most of them live in Australia, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States.Another 100 million people living chiefly in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and in many African countries speak English in addition to their own language. An additional 200 million people probably know at least some English. (From the 1998 World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia)Characteristics of EnglishVocabulary. English has a larger vocabulary than any other language. There are more than 600,000 words in the largest dictionaries of the English language.Some English words have been passed on from generation to generation as far back as scholars can trace. These words, such as woman, man, sun, hand, love, go, and eat, express basic ideas and feelings. Later, many words were borrowed from other languages, including Arabic, French, German, Greek, Italian, Latin, Russian, and Spanish. For example, algebra is from Arabic, fashion from French, piano from Italian, and canyon from Spanish.A number of words, such as doghouse and splashdown, were formed by combining other words. New words were also created by blending words. For example, motor and hotel were blended into motel. Words can be shortened to form new words, as was done with history to form story. Words called acronyms are formed by using the first letter or letters of several words. The word radar is an acronym for radio detection and ranging.Pronunciation and spelling in English sometimes seem illogical or inconsistent. Many words are spelled similarly though pronounced differently. Examples include cough, though, and through. Other words, such as blue, crew, to, too, and shoe, have similar pronunciations but are spelled differently. Many of these variations show changes that occurred during the development of English. The spelling of some words remained the same through the centuries, though their pronunciation changed.Grammar is the set of principles used to create sentences. These principles define the elements used to assemble sentences and the relationships between the elements. The elements include parts of speech and inflections.Parts of speech are the word categories of the English language. Scholars do not all agree on how to describe the parts of speech. The traditional description listseight classes: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. The most important relationships of the parts of speech include subject and verb, verb and predicate, and modifier and the word modified.English has fewer inflections than most other European languages. An English noun has only two inflections, the plural and the possessive. Inflections are used to change the tense and number of a verb or the case of a pronoun. Inflections can change adjectives to the comparative or the superlative — for example, big, bigger, biggest.American EnglishAmerican English is a variety of the English language spoken in the United States. Although all Americans do not speak the same way, their speech has enough in common that American English can be recognized as a variety of English distinct from British English, Australian English, and other national varieties. American English has grown up with the country. It began to diverge from British English during its colonial beginnings and acquired regional differences and ethnic flavor during the settlement of the continent.Today it influences other languages and other varieties of English because it is the medium by which the attractions of American culture — its literature, motion pictures, and television programs — are transmitted to the world.Characteristics of American EnglishA. PronunciationIn broad terms, Canadian and American speakers tend to sound like one another. They also tend to sound different from a large group of English speakers who sound more British, such as those in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. For example, most Canadians and Americans pronounce an r sound after the vowel in words like barn, car,and farther, while speakers from the British English group do not. Also, some British English speakers drop h sounds at the beginning of words, so that he and his are pronounced as if they were spelled ee and is. The English spoken in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa sounds more like British English than American English does because these varieties have had less time to diverge from British English. The process of separate development began later in these countries than in North America.In some cases there are differences between American English and British English in the rhythm of words. British speakers seem to leave out a syllable in words like secretary, as if it were spelled secretry, while Americans keep all the syllables. The opposite is true of other words, such as specialty, which Americans pronounce with three syllables (spe-cial-ty) while British speakers pronounce it with five syllables (spe-ci-al-i-ty). Vowels and consonants may also have different pronunciations. British speakers pronounce zebra to rhyme with Debra, while American speakers make zebra rhyme with Libra. Canadian and British speakers pronounce the word schedule as if it began with an sh sound, while Americans pronounce it as if it began with an sk sound.B. WordsThe most frequently used words are shared by speakers of different varieties of English. These words include the most common nouns, the most common verbs, and most function words (such as pronouns, articles, and prepositions). The different varieties of English do, however, use different words for many words that are slightly less common — for example, British crisps for American potato chips, Australian billabong for American pond, and Canadian chesterfield for American sofa. It is even more common for the same word to exist with different meanings in different varieties of English.Corn is a general term in Britain, for which Americans use grain, while corn in American English is a specific kind of grain. The word pond in British English usually refers to an artificial body of water, whereas ponds also occur naturally in North America. British English chemist is the same as American English drugstore, and in Canada people go to the druggist. Many of the words most easily recognized as American in origin are associated with aspects of American popular culture, such as gangster or cowboy.C. SpellingAmerican English spelling differs from British English spelling largely because of one man, American lexicographer Noah Webster. In addition to his well-known An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828), Webster published The American Spelling Book (1783, with many subsequent editions), which became one of the most widely used schoolbooks in American history. Webster’s books sought to standardize spelling in the United States by promoting the use of an American language that intentionally differed from British English. The development of a specifically American variety of English mirrored the newcountry’s separate political development. Webster’s most successful changes were spellings with or instead of our (honor, labor for the British honour, labour); with er instead of re (center, theater for the British centre, theatre); with an s instead of a c (defense, license for the British defence, licence); with a final ck instead of que (check, mask for the British cheque, masque); and without a final k (traffic, public, now also used in British English, for the older traffick, publick). Later spelling reform created a few other differences, such as program for British programme. Canadian spelling varies between the British and American forms, more British in eastern Canada and more American in western Canada.2. Group DiscussionHave you ever had an experience in which you are misunderstood or have failed to understand others? Misunderstandings can result from the spoken form or written form of the language that you use.2nd period Text A (Detailed Reading)Words and Expressions & Difficult Sentences1) misunderstanding: n. (an example of) wrong understanding 误解，误会e.g. Her poor French often leads to misunderstandings when she visits France. misunderstand: vt. understand wrongly 误解e.g. I’m sorry, I misunderstood you.It seems that you have misunderstood what I said at the meeting.2) get on: board (a bus, a train, etc.)登上（公共汽车、火车等）e.g. When I got on the bus, I found all the seats were occupied.They felt worried when they realized that they had got on the wrong train.3) head for: go towards 向…走去；朝…行进e.g. The ship was heading for Britain.He headed for the bus stop.4) … he could ride to New York without paying.介词without 解释为“不、未”，其后跟动词时，须用V-ing形式。

2023年自考专业(英语)《英语词汇学》考试历年真题摘选附带答案

2023年自考专业(英语)《英语词汇学》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】The Indo-European language family is made up of the languages of the following EXCEPT ______ .A.EuropeB.the Far EastC.IndiaD.the Near East2.【单选题】We are interested in the weather because it _______ us so directly—what we wear, what we do and even how we feel.A.benefitsB.affectsC.guidesD.effects3.【单选题】Perseverance is a kind of quality and that is _______ it takes to do anything well.A. whatB.thatC.whichD.why4.【单选题】We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value.A. datedB.datingingD.kept5.【单选题】Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987) has some unique features such as definition, extra column and ______.A. pronunciationB.grammar codesage examplesnguage codes6.【单选题】Words that are identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning are called ______.A.perfect homonymsB.homographsC.homophonesD.homonyms7.【单选题】—David has made great progress recently. — _______，and _______.A.So he has；so you haveB.So he has；so have youC.So he has；so do youD.So has he；so you have8.【单选题】Generally, a dictionary covers the following contents EXCEPT ______.A. spellingB.pronunciationC.definitionD.syntactical rules9.【单选题】“Woman” becomes “ Frau” in German, “femme” in French and “f ùnǔ” in Chinese. This example shows that in different languages the same concept can be represented by different ______ .A. soundsB.formsC.unitiesD.meanings10.【单选题】If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get ________.A. concentratedC.confirmedD.convinced11.【单选题】Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary ’ , 3rd Edition (1980), is among the best-known British ______ dictionaries.A.unabridgedB.deskC.pocketD.bilingual12.【单选题】______ of meaning is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized.A.DegradationB.ElevationC.ExtensionD.Specilization13.【单选题】It has been years ________ I returned home.A.afterB.thatC.sinceD.when14.【单选题】Police are ________ the disappearance of two children.A. looking upB.looking throughC.looking intoD.looking on15.【单选题】Idioms nominal in nature have a(n) ______ as the key word in each and function as a noun in sentences.A.verbB.adjectiveC.prepositionD.noun16.【单选题】It took a few seconds for her eyes to ________ to the darkness.B.adoptC.applyD.adjust17.【单选题】We cannot leave this tough job to a person ________.A.who nobody has confidenceB.in whom nobody has confidenceC.for whom nobody has confidenceD.who everyone has confidence of18.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning?A.Cultural reason.B.Historical reasonC.Class reasonD.Psychological reason19.【单选题】To write up his novel, John is looking for an environment free ________ outside distraction.A. onB.withC.fromD.in20.【单选题】What he told us was more of a(n) ________ than a reality.A.illusionB.demonstrationC.illustrationD.reputation第2卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】A good worker in a key spot could, so _______ as he kept up production, take all the coffee breaks he wanted.A.longB.shortC.muchD.little2.【单选题】The following words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us EXCEPT ______ .A.fireB.hotC.photoscanningD.sister3.【单选题】How many monomorphemic words are there in the following words? cats boss work improper triedA.1B.2C.3D.44.【单选题】One can figure out the meaning of “ airmail ” to be “ mail by air ” by its ______.A.onomatopoeic motivationB.morphological motivationC.semantic motivationD.etymological motivation5.【单选题】A mong the following words, “ ______ ” does NOT have inflectional affixes.A. likedB.children’sC.happierD.it’s6.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of idioms?A.The part of speech of each element in an idiom is very important.B.The constituents of idioms can eplaced. ’ t be rC.The word order in an idiom can ’ t be changed.D.An idiom functions as one word.7.【单选题】Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. Which of the following words comes from Chinese?A.BazaarB.KowtowC.RajahD.Blitzkrieg8.【单选题】Among the following words, “ ______ ” contains a negative prefix.A.amoralB.de-composeC.antiwarD.foretell9.【单选题】In grammatical context, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the ______in which it occurs.A.structureB.sentenceC.phraseD.clause10.【单选题】Which of the following words does NOT have suffixes?A.NorthwardB.WidenC.HappyD.Worker.11.【单选题】Each of us should _______ aside a few minutes to have a rest every day.A.pushB.provideC.turnD.set12.【单选题】Which of the following is partially converted?A. A whiteB.A drunkD.Finals13.【单选题】Parents, teachers in schools and communicators in or using the mass media are all capable of ________ our potential interests.A.raisingB.risingC.arousingD.arising14.【单选题】Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs and stylistic features ofwords.B.Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.C.Affective meaning indicates the listener ’ s attitude towards the person or thing in questionD.Collocation cannot affect the meaning of words.15.【单选题】The word “minister” originally meant “a servant”, but now has changed to“a head of a ministry ”. This process of meaning change is called ______ .A.extensionB.elevationC.degradationD.specialization16.【单选题】Happiness doesn ’t alway s _______ money.A.go throughB.go in forC.go withD.go over17.【单选题】He insured his car ________ he had an accident.A. unlessB.ifC.sinceD.in case18.【单选题】Modern economics ________ the country ’s agricultural policies.B.understandsC.underliesD.undertakes19.【单选题】“ Apple, pear, peach, orange, lemon, etc. ” make up the ______ of“ fruit ”.A.synonymsB.homonymsC.superordinate termD.semantic field20.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the context clues?A.DefinitionB.PolysemyC.SynonymyD.Antonymy.第1卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：B2.正确答案：B本题解析：affect 多作为动词来用，表示影响。

英语中存在的问题和解决方式作文

英语中存在的问题和解决方式作文The English language is an important part of our daily lives. We use it to communicate, to learn, and to express ourselves. Unfortunately, there are some issues that can arise when it comes to English. These issues can range from confusion surrounding grammar and pronunciation,to difficulty expressing oneself correctly. Here, I will discuss some of the common issues facing English learners, as well as their solutions.First and foremost, grammar can be a very difficult concept to grasp, especially for those who have never been exposed to it. Many times, the rules and structures of the language simply do not make sense to the learner. One solution to this problem is to study grammar in asystematic way. This may involve reviewing the rules and structures on a regular basis, and seeking out help if necessary. Additionally, it canbe helpful to read or listen to English material that uses correct grammar, as it will allow you to become more familiar with the language.Another common issue that arises is the difficulty of rememberingand using the correct pronunciation and spelling of words. The best way to solve this problem is to familiarize oneself with the phonetic alphabet, as it can help to clarify pronunciation. Additionally, it is helpful to say words out loud in order to practice proper articulation. Furthermore, studying the meanings of words and their connections to one another can make it easier to accurately spell them.The final issue that English learners often face is expressing themselves in the language. This is especially true for those who are more comfortable speaking their native language. One way to overcomethis problem is to practice writing, speaking, and listening in English on a regular basis. Additionally, it can be helpful to read books or watch movies in the language in order to become more familiar with its nuances.In conclusion, there are a variety of issues that can arise when trying to learn English. However, with some practice and effort, theycan be overcome. By studying grammar systematically, familiarizing oneself with pronunciation and spelling, and practicing different ways of expressing oneself, it is possible to become more adept in the language. In the end, learning English takes time, but with the right approach, it can be a rewarding and enjoyable experience.。

表示澳大利亚的英语

表示澳大利亚的英语English:Australian English is the form of the English language spoken in Australia. It has its own distinct vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammatical features, which have been influenced by the country's history and multiculturalism. Australian English is known for its colorful slang, colloquialisms, and unique idiomatic expressions that are not typically heard in other English-speaking countries. Additionally, there are also differences in spelling and usage of certain words compared to British and American English. While Australian English shares many similarities with British English, it has developed its own identity and is recognized as a separate variety of the language.Translated content:澳大利亚英语是澳大利亚使用的英语形式。

它有自己独特的词汇，发音和语法特点，这些特点受到了这个国家的历史和多元文化的影响。

澳大利亚英语以其丰富多彩的俚语，口语化的语言习惯和不同于其他英语国家的独特惯用语而闻名。

词汇学复习资料

词汇学复习资料1. What is the publicly accepted definition of a word?(1) a minimal free form of a language;(2) a sound unity;(3) a unit of meaning;(4) a form that can function alone in a sentence.Therefore, we can say that …a word is a minimal free form of a langua ge that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function?.2. What accounts for the differences between sound and form?four major reasons. The internal reason for this is that there are more phonemes than letters in English. Another reason is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling. The third reason is that some of the differences were created by the early scribes. The fourth reason is borrowing.3. What is the relationship between sound and meaning? Give examples to illustrate it.The relationship between sound and meaning is almost always arbitrary and conventional, and there is no logical relationship between sound and meaning. The same concept can be represented by different sounds in different languages. For example, …woman? becomes …Frau? in German and …femme? in French. On the other hand, the same sound /mi:t/ is used to mean …meat?, …meet?, and …mete?.4. How are English words classified?English words can be classified by different criteria and for different purposes. They may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency, into content words and functional words by notion, and into native words and borrowed words by origin.5. What is the difference between denizens and aliens?Denizens which are words borrowed early in the past are now well assimilated into the English language and have come to conform to the English way of pronunciation and spelling, but aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling and are immediately recognizable as foreign in origin1. What does the Germanic family consist of?The Germanic family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are known as Scandinavian languages. Then there is German, Dutch, Flemish and English.2. What major families can be found in the Indo-European language family?In the Indo-European language family, we can find eight main groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armanian and Albanian; a Western set: Celtic, Italic, Hellenic and Germanic.3. What are the characteristics of Old English?Old English was mainly Anglo-Saxon spoken by the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. It had a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. It was a highly inflected language just like modern German. It was a synthetic language.4. What are the characteristics of Middle English?Middle English (1150-1500) borrowed a large number of words mainly from French. It had a much larger vocabulary. It retained much fewer inflections. It was a language of leveled endings.5. What are the characteristics of Modern English?Modern English (1500-up to now) has a huge vocabulary of different elements. Word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions. English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present analytic language.1. What are the differences between a bound morpheme anda bound root?Bound morphemes which cannot occur as separate words include two types: bound root and affix. A bound morpheme may be either a bound root or an affix. Bound roots, only one type of bound morphemes, are included in bound morphemes.2. What are the differences between a root and a stem?A root and a stem are not the same. A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analysed.A stem may consist of a single root or two roots or a root plus one or more affixes. Therefore a stem can be a root or a form bigger than a root.V. Analyze and comment on the following.1. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words.2. Point out the types of morphemes.prediction, strawberries, encouragement答:(1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes: prediction ( pre + dict + ion ), strawberries ( straw + berry + es ), encouragement ( en + courage + ment ).(2) “Straw”, “berry” and “courage” are all free morphemes as they can stand alone as wo rds.(3) Of the nine morphemes, all the rest pre-, -dict-, -ion, -es, en- and –ment are bound morphemes as they cannot stand alone as words. Of the six bound morphemes, pre-, -ion, en- and –ment are derivational morphemes and –es is an inflectional morpheme,while –dict- is a bound root.2. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words in terms of free morphemes and bound morphemes, then explain the differences between the two kinds of morphemes.luckily, reminded, teachers答: (1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes: luckily ( luck + y + ly), reminded ( re + mind + ed), teachers ( teach + er + s)(2) “Luck”, “mind” and “teach” are free morphemes; re-, -ed, -y, -ly, -er and –s are bound morphemes. And of the six bound morphemes, -ed and –s are inflectional morphemes and the other four are derivational morphemes.(3) Free morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can stand alone as words. Bound morphemes cannot occur as separate words. They must be bound to other morphemes to form words. 1. What is the main difference between prefixes and suffixes?Prefixes do not generally change the word classes of stems. In other words, most of the prefixes are characterized by their non-class-change nature. Their chief function is to change the meanings of stems. Unlike prefixes, suffixes have only a small semantic role, their primary function being to change the grammatical function of stems.2. What are the three main features of compounds?Compounds have the following three main features: phonetic features, semantic features and grammatical features. The word stress of a compound usually occurs on the first element if there is only one stress. In cases of two stresses, the compound has the primary stress on the first element and the secondary stress, if any, on the second. Semantically, everycompound should express a single idea just as one word. Grammatically, a compound tends to play a single grammatical role in a sentence.3. What is conversion? What are its characteristics?A. Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.B.These words are new only in a grammatical sense. Since the words do not change in morphological structure but in function, this process is also known as functional shift. Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives, and verbs.4. What is blending? What are the four major groups of blends?Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.As far as the structure is concerned, blends fall into four major groups: head + tail, head + head, head + word and word + tail.5. What is back-formation? What are the characteristics of back-formation?Back-formation, the opposite process of suffixation, is the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.Words created through back-formation are mostly verbs.There are only a few that can be used as nouns or as both nouns and verbs.Back-formed words are largely informal in style and some of them have not gained public acceptance.6. What is the difference between partial conversion and full conversion?If the nouns converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does and they must be used together withdefinite articles, the conversion is partial conversion.If the nouns converted from adjectives have all the characteristics of nouns, the conversion is full conversion.7. What is acronymy? What is the difference between initialisms and acronyms?Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms, depending on the pronunciation of the words.Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter, but acronyms formed from initial letters are pronounced as normal words.8. What is clipping? What are the four common types of clipping?Clipping is the formation of new words by cutting a part off the original.There are four common types of clipping: front clipping, back clipping, front and back clipping, and phrase clipping.V. Analyze and comment on the followingPoint out the formation of the following words:Sitcom workfare copter dormVOA TV NA TO G-man1) Sitcom and workfare are blends. Sitcom is formed by combining the head of situation and that of comedy, and workfare is formed by combining the word “work” and the tail of welfare.2) Copter and dorm are clipped words. Copter is formed by clipping the front of the word “helicopter”, and dorm is formed by clipping the back of the word “dormitory”.3) VOA, TV, NA TO and G-man are new wo rds created through acronymy. VOA from “V oice of America” and TV from “television” are initialisms, and NATO from “the North Atlantic Treaty Organization” and G-ma n from “Government man” are acronyms.2. She decided to winter in Australia.In the above sentence, which word is a converted one? Explain the type of conversion and its effect.1) In the above sentence, “winter” is a converted word.2) The verb “winter” i s converted from a noun.3) The conversion is economical and vivid.3. Find the blends in the following sentence and explain which types they belong to.The lunarnaut stayed in that motel for two days.In the above sentence, lunarnaut and motel are blends.The word “lunarnaut” from (lunar + astronaut) is a word + tail blend, and the word “motel” from (motor + hotel) is a head + tail blend.4. Explain the types of the following two converted nouns. If you find anything wrong, please explain the reasons and correct the mistake.the necessary a wounded1) There are two kinds of conversion from adjectives to nouns: full conversion and partial conversion.2) The word “necessary”, when converted from an adjective to a noun, has all the characteristics of noun, so the conversion is full. Its plural form is necessaries.3) The word “wounded”, when converted from an adjective to a noun, does not possess all the qualitiesa noun does and it must be used together with a definitearticle, so the conversion is partial. Th e expression “a wounded” should be corrected as “the wounded”.1. What is reference? What are the characteristics of reference?Reference refers to the relationship between language and the world. By means of reference, a speaker indicates which things in the world (including persons) are being talked about. The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary and conventional. Reference is a kind of abstraction, but with the help of context, it can refer to something specific.2. What is motivation? How is it classified?1) Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.2) Motivation is classified into onomatopoeic motivation, morphological motivation, semantic motivation and etymological motivation.3. What is grammatical meaning?Grammatical meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part of speech of words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs), singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their reflectional forms. Grammatical meaning of a word becomes important only when it is used in actual context. Different lexical items may have the same grammatical meaning. On the other hand, the same word may have different grammatical meanings.4. What is the difference between conceptual meaning and associative meaning?Conceptual meaning is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. Being constant andrelatively stable, conceptual meaning forms the basis for communication as the same word has the same conceptual meaning to all the speakers of the same language. Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning. It differs from the conceptual meaning in that it is open-ended and indeterminate.5. What is collocative meaning?Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. Collocative meaning overlaps with stylistic and affective meanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocation.V. Analyze and comment on the following.1. The pen is mightier than the sword.What kind of motivation is used in the above sentence? What is the definition of that motivation? What do “pen” and “sword” mean?1) Semantic motivation is used in the sentence.2) Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.3) “Pen” and “sword” are two semantically motivated words. Their literal meanings are “a tool for writing or drawing with ink” and “a weapon with a handle and a long metal blade” respectively, but their figurative meanings are “writing” and “war” respectively.2. After casting a stone at the cops, they absconded with the loot.Are all the words used in the above sentence appropriate? If not, explain the reasons and improve the sentence.1) Structurally, the sentenc e with a gerund structure is very formal, but the words “cops” and “loot” used in the sentence are all slang/slangy words, and they are not consistent with the gerund structure. 2) The slang/slangy words “cops” and “loot” should be replaced by “police” and“money” respectively. The revised sentence “After casing a stone at the police, they absconded with the money” is appropriate in style.3. Women are flowers; women are tigers.Explain the grammatical, conceptual and connotative meaning of the word “women”which appears twice in the above sentence.1) The word “women” in the first part of the sentence and the one in the second have the same grammatical and conceptual meanings. Their grammatical meanings are: plural nouns and subjects; their conceptual meaning is: female adult.2) The connotative meaning of the word “women” in the first part is “beautiful”, or “lovely”, and that of the word “women” in the second part is “fierce” or “malicious”.1. What is the difference between radiation and concatenation?Unlike radiation where each of the derived meanings is directly connected to the primary meaning, concatenation describes a process where each of the later meanings is related only to the preceding one like chains.2. What is the main difference between homonyms and polysemants?The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants lies in the fact that the former refers to differentwords which happen to share the same form and the latter is the one and same word which has several distinguishable meanings.V. Analyze and comment on the following.1. Comment on the following two sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would come to our university next Monday.In the first sentence, “man”, “school”, and “week” are all superordinates while “visiting scholar”, “university”, and “Monday” in the second sentence are all subordinates compared with the corresponding expressions in the previous sentence.The second sentence is clearer because subordinates are vivid, precise and concrete.The relationship between some words used in the above two sentences is hyponymy.2. Male/femaleExplain what kind of antonymy they belong to and the characteristics of this kind of antonymy.They are contradictory antonyms.Contradictory antonyms truly represent oppositeness of meaning. They are so opposed to each other that they are mutually exclusive and admit no possibility between them. The assertion of one is the denial of the other. In other words, if one of the pair is true, then the other cannot be.1. What is transfer? What are the main types of transfer?Transfer or semantic transfer refers to a process of the change of word-meaning whereby a word used to designate one thing has been changed to mean something else. The four maintypes of semantic transfer are: associated transfer, transfer between abstract and concrete meanings, transfer between subjective and objective meanings, and transfer of sensations.2. What are the two major factors that cause changes in meaning? How are they classified?The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are: linguistic factors and extra-linguistic factors. Linguistic factors include shortening, the influx of borrowings and analogy. Extra-linguistic factors include the historical reason, the class reason and the psychological reason.3. What is the difference between elevation and degradation?Elevation refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance, but degradation of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. Degradation is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.V. Analyze and comment on the following.1. The word “deer” originally meant “animal”, but now it refers to a specific animal. What kind of word-meaning change has the word experienced? What accounts for the change of word-meaning?The word “deer” has experie nced narrowing or specialization of meaning.The narrowing of word-meaning is caused by the influx of borrowings, one of the major linguistic factors leading to the change of word-meaning. The word “deer” originally meant “animal”, and later the word “animal” from Latin and the word “beast” from French found their way into English. As the three terms were synonymous, “animal” retained the original meaning, the meaning of “deer” was narrowed and “beast”changed in colour.2. T he word “nice” formerly meant “ignorant” and “foolish”, but its modern meanings are “delightful” or “pleasant”. What kind of change in meaning has the word undergone? Explain the reasons and then list all the types of word-meaning changes.1) The word “nice” has undergone elevation or a melioration.2) The meaning of the word “nice” has been elevated because the word has risen from a humble beginning to the present position of importance.3) The main types of word-meaning changes are: extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation, and transfer.1. How is context classified?Context is used in different senses. In a narrow sense, it refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears. This is known as linguistic context which may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the whole book. In a broad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is called extra-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place, and even the whole cultural background.2. What are the main types of linguistic context?Linguistic context can be subdivided into lexical context and grammatical context. Lexical context refers to the words that occur together with the word in question. This meaning of the word is often affected and defined by the neighbouring words. Grammatical context refers to the structure in which a word occurs. The meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure. Though less common, it is by no means rare3. What are the causes of ambiguity?Ambiguity often arises due to the following three main causes: polysemy, homonymy and grammatical structure. When a word with multiple meanings is used in inadequate context, it creates ambiguity. Homonymy is another cause of ambiguity as two separate words share the same form. Grammatical structure can also lead to ambiguity.V. Analize and comment on the following.1. Peter and Betty are married.Study the above sentence. If you find anything inappropriate, explain the reasons and then improvethe sentence.1) The sentence is ambiguous, which is caused by grammatical structure.2) The sentence can be understood as “Both Peter and Betty are married,” or “Betty is married to Peter.”3) The sentence can be improved as: “Both Peter and Betty are married,” or “Betty is married to Peter.”2. She is a hard student.Study the above sentence. If you find anything inadequate, explain the reasons and then improve the sentence.1) The sentence is ambiguous, which is caused by polysemy.2) The word “hard” in this sentence can be understood as “hardworking” or “difficult”. The context fails to narrow down the meaning so that it is difficult for the reader to decide what exactly the speaker means. But there would be no misunderstanding if the original sentence is extended as “She is a hard student and she is o ften praise d by her teachers,” or “She is a hard student to deal with.”3. The ball was attractive.Study the above sentence. If you find anything improper,please explain the reasons and then improve the sentence.1) The sentence is ambiguous, which is caused by homonymy.2) The word “ball” in the sentence may mean “a round object to play in a game” or “a dancing party”.3) The ambiguity can be eliminated by altering the context a little as “The ball was attractive with nice music and a lot of people,” or “The ball was attractive with the bright colours.”IV. Answer the following questions.1. What are the characteristics of idioms?English idioms have two major characteristics: semantic unity and structural stability. Semantically, each idiom is a semantic unity although it consists of more than one word. Though the various words forming the idiom have their respective literal meanings, in the idiom they have lost their individual identity. Quite often an idiom functions as one word. Structurally, each idiom is usually fixed and does not allow changes in most cases.2. What is the difference between metonymy and synecdoche in English idioms?Both metonymy and synecdoche involve substitution of names, yet they differ from each other. Metonymy, a kind of figures of speech used in English idioms, is a case of using the name of one thing for that of another closely associated with it, but synecdoche is a case of substituting part for the whole or vice versa3. What are the rhetorical features of idioms?The rhetorical features of idioms include phonetic manipulation, lexical manipulation and figures of speech.Phonetic manipulation includes alliteration and rhyme.Lexical manipulation includes reiteration, repetition and juxtaposition.Figures of speech include simile, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, personification and euphemism. V. Analyze and comment on the following.1. He is as strong as a horse.Pick out the idiom in the above sentence, and then point out its structure, grammatical function and figure of speech.1)The idiom is “as strong as a horse”.2) Its structure is: as + adj. + as + n.3) Its grammatical function is that it is an idiom adjectival in nature and it functions as the predicative in the sentence.4) It is a simile.2. She has been looking for the lost key here and there for two days.Pick out the idiom in the above sentence, and then point out its structure, grammatical function and rhetorical feature1) The idiom is “here and there”.2) Its structure is “adv. + and + adv.”.3) Its grammatical function is that it is an idiom adverbial in nature and it functions as adverbial.4) Its rhetorical feature is juxtapositionIV. Answer the following questions.1. What is a dictionary? What is the relationship between a dictionary and lexicology?A dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetic order the words of English, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning, usage, rules of grammar, and in some, their etymology. It is closely related to lexicology, which deals with the same problems: the form, meaning, usage and origins of vocabulary units.2. What are specialized dictionaries? What are theircharacteristics?Specialized dictionaries concentrate on a particular area of language or knowledge, treating such diverse topics as etymology, synonyms, idioms, pronunciation, usage in language, and computer, engineering, literature and a variety of other subjects.These dictionaries may not be very large in size, yet each contains much more detailed information on the subject than you can find in a general unabridged one.。

北京高考英语作文评分标准

北京高考英语作文评分标准1. Content and Completeness (内容与完整性)- Essays are assessed on how well they address the prompt and cover all aspects of the question.- The completeness of the response, including whether all parts of the question are answered, is considered.2. Organization and Coherence (组织与连贯性)- The logical flow of ideas and the overall structure of the essay are evaluated.- Clear introductions, body paragraphs, and conclusions are expected for higher scores.3. Language Use (语言运用)- The use of a wide range of vocabulary and grammatical structures is favored.- Errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation are penalized, with the severity of the penalty depending on the frequency and impact on comprehension.4. Lexical Resource (词汇资源)- The ability to use appropriate and varied vocabulary to convey meaning effectively is assessed.- Repetition of words and phrases without variation can lower the score.5. Grammatical Range and Accuracy (语法范围与准确性)- A variety of complex sentence structures is expected forhigher grades.- Minor grammatical errors are tolerated, but they should not impede understanding.6. Pronunciation and Spelling (发音与拼写)- While not typically assessed in written essays, if a student's pronunciation or spelling is mentioned or described, it should be accurate.7. Task Response (任务回应)- The essay must respond directly to the task set by the prompt.- Off-topic essays or those that do not follow the instructions will receive lower scores.8. Argumentation and Persuasion (论证与说服)- For argumentative essays, the ability to present a clear and logical argument with supporting evidence is crucial.- The use of persuasive language and techniques is also considered.9. Creativity and Originality (创造性与原创性)- Essays that demonstrate original thought and creativity are often rewarded with higher scores.- Repetitive or formulaic responses tend to score lower.10. Presentation (呈现)- The overall presentation, including handwriting or typing, is taken into account.- Neatness and legibility can contribute to a better impression and potentially a higher score.It's important to note that the Beijing Gaokao English essay grading criteria are subject to change and may be interpreted differently by individual markers. However, these general principles provide a framework for what is typically expected in the grading of essays for this high-stakes examination.。

pdf新课标高中英语词汇诵读周计划肖安

pdf新课标高中英语词汇诵读周计划肖安全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1PDF New Standard High School English Vocabulary Recitation Week PlanIntroduction:English vocabulary is an essential part of learning the English language. To help high school students improve their vocabulary, a recitation week plan has been developed. This plan aims to enhance students' vocabulary retention and usage through regular practice and repetition. The plan outlines daily activities and exercises to reinforce the learning of new words and phrases.Day 1: Introduction to the Week Plan- Distribute the list of vocabulary words for the week- Introduce the importance of vocabulary recitation for language learning- Identify commonly used words and phrases for daily communicationDay 2: Vocabulary Review and Practice- Review the words introduced on the first day- Practice pronunciation and spelling of the words- Use the words in sentences to understand their usage in contextDay 3: Vocabulary Games and Activities- Engage students in vocabulary games such as word scrambles, crossword puzzles, and memory games- Encourage students to work in pairs or groups to practice using the words in different scenarios- Incorporate technology by using online vocabulary learning toolsDay 4: Vocabulary Quiz- Conduct a quiz to test students' retention of the vocabulary words learned throughout the week- Provide feedback and review incorrect answers to reinforce learning- Reward students for their efforts and improvementDay 5: Vocabulary Presentation- Have students prepare a short presentation using the vocabulary words learned during the week- Encourage creativity and originality in their presentations- Allow students to showcase their language skills and confidence in using the wordsConclusion:The PDF New Standard High School English Vocabulary Recitation Week Plan is designed to help students improve their English vocabulary through consistent practice and engagement. By following this plan, students can enhance their language skills, expand their vocabulary, and become more confident English speakers. With regular recitation and practice, students can achieve proficiency in using a wide range of English words and phrases in various contexts.篇2Title: The Plan for Reciting New High School English Vocabulary from PDF of the New Curriculum Standard by Xiao AnIntroduction:Learning English vocabulary is an essential part of mastering the language. To help high school students improve their vocabulary, a reciting plan based on the new curriculum standard has been designed by Xiao An. This plan aims to enhance students' English language proficiency and build a solid foundation for their future studies and careers.Week 1-4:During the first four weeks, students will focus on reciting vocabulary related to basic English words and phrases. The emphasis will be on common words used in daily communication and simple sentences. Students will be provided with PDF materials containing the vocabulary list and corresponding sample sentences for better understanding and memorization.Week 5-8:In the following four weeks, students will progress to more advanced vocabulary related to specific topics such as education, technology, and culture. The vocabulary will be categorized based on themes to help students grasp the context and usage of the words. Additionally, students will be assigned reading tasks to reinforce their understanding of the vocabulary in real contexts.Week 9-12:During the final four weeks, students will focus on reciting vocabulary related to complex English grammar structures and idiomatic expressions. The goal is to expand students' language proficiency and prepare them for more challenging language tasks. Students will also be encouraged to practice writing essays or articles using the vocabulary they have learned to improve their language skills.Conclusion:The reciting plan designed by Xiao An provides a comprehensive and systematic approach to learning English vocabulary. By following this plan, high school students can enhance their language proficiency, build a strong foundation for further studies, and improve their communication skills. Through consistent practice and dedication, students can achieve success in mastering the English language.篇3Title: PDF New Standard High School English Vocabulary Recitation Week Plan - Xiao AnIntroduction:In order to help high school students in mastering the new standard English vocabulary, we have designed a weekly recitation plan. This plan aims to enhance students' vocabulary retention and usage through consistent practice and reinforcement. In this document, we will outline the details of the plan and provide guidance on how to effectively implement it.Week 1:During the first week of the plan, students will focus on memorizing and reciting 50 key English vocabulary words. These words are essential for building a strong foundation in English language skills. The words will be provided in a PDF format, which students can download and print for reference. Each day, students will spend 15-20 minutes reviewing the words and practicing their pronunciation.Week 2:In the second week, students will continue to review and practice the vocabulary words from the previous week. In addition, they will be introduced to 50 new words that build upon their existing knowledge. The new words will cover a range of topics and themes, allowing students to expand their vocabulary in different contexts. Daily practice sessions will focus on both old and new words to ensure comprehensive learning.Week 3:In the third week, students will deepen their understanding of the vocabulary words by engaging in activities that involve using the words in sentences and conversations. These exercises will help students improve their language fluency and comprehension. Students will also be encouraged to write short paragraphs or stories using the vocabulary words to demonstrate their understanding and creativity.Week 4:In the final week of the plan, students will participate in a vocabulary recitation competition. This competition will test students' ability to recall and pronounce the words accurately. Students will be given a list of 100 words to recite, and they will be judged based on their pronunciation, fluency, and confidence. The competition will serve as a fun and interactive way to reinforce learning and motivate students to excel in their English studies.Conclusion:The PDF New Standard High School English Vocabulary Recitation Week Plan is designed to help students improve their English vocabulary skills in a structured and engaging manner.By following the weekly plan and dedicating time to practice and review, students can enhance their language proficiency and confidence. We hope that this plan will serve as a valuable resource for high school students seeking to excel in their English studies.。

词汇学模拟试卷(参考答案)

《英语词汇学》模拟试卷（二）I.Choose the best answer and then put the letter of your choice in the given brackets. (30%)1. The prehistorical Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______ language.A. advancedB. developedC. analyticD. inflected ( )2. The word “prediction” contains no ______.A. free morphemeB. stemC. bund morphemeD. root ( )3. The most important of all features of words of the basic word stock is ______.A. productivityB. all national characterC. polysemyD. collocability ( )4. The word “port” from “portus” is regarded as a ______.A. semantic-loanB. neologismC. translation-loanD. denizen ( )5. Words created by adding word forming or derivational affixes to stems are called ______.A. acronymsB. blendsC. derivativesD. compounds ( )6. The word ______ is regarded as a deverbal noun.A. popularityB. persistenceC. productivityD. priestess ( )7. The word “disunite” contains a ______ prefix.A. reversativeB. pejorativeC. negativeD. locative ( )8. Reference refers to the relationship between language and the ______.A. senseB. conceptC. worldD. context ( )9. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example: ______.A. scope for “telescope”B. TV for “television”C. purse for “money”D. dorm for “dormitory”( )10. The words “same” and “different” are regarded as ______ terms.A. contradictoryB. relativeC. contraryD. graded ( )11. The word “copperhead” was used to refer to those northerners who were secretlyaiding the South because of the ______ reason.A. classB. historicalC. socialD. psychological ( )12. The meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure where it occurs, whichis called ______ context.A. lexicalB. grammaticalC. linguisticD. non-linguistic ( )13. The idiom “safe and sound” is an example of ______.A. reiterationB. repetitionC. alliterationD. juxtaposition ( )14. The ambiguity of the sentence, “The ball is attractive,” is caused by ______.A. homonymyB. hyponymyC. polysemyD. synonymy ( )15. The main body of a dictionary is its ______ of words.A. notesB. usageC. spellingD. definitions ( ) II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions given in the course book. (15%)1. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and _________________.2. In compounds the word stress usually occurs on the _______________ element.3. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given _________________ and meaning and syntactic function.4. All the words in a language make up its __________________.5. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but are semantically monosemous and have limited ___________________ and collocability.6. Scottish and Irish belong to the Celtic family, but Danish and German belong to the ___________________ family.7. According to the ________________ which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses: prefixation and suffixation.8. Although reference is a kind of abstraction, yet with the help of _______________, it can refer to something specific.9. The most common types of word-meaning changes are __________________ and narrowing.10. Of the three types of homonyms, __________________ constitute the largest number and are most common.11. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of _________________ inclusion.12. Idioms are generally felt to be __________________ and some are slang and colloquialisms.13. Synonyms may differ in the ________________ and intensity of meaning.14. So far as the language is concerned, a Chinese-English dictionary is regarded as a __________________ dictionary.15. Compared with American dictionaries, British dictionaries, especially learner’s dictionaries, include more ____________ information.III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and then put in the brackets the letter “T” if the statement is true or “F” if it is false. (15%)1. The Germanic tribes were thought to be the first peoples known to inhabit the British Isles. ( )2. The chief function of prefixes is to change the meanings of stems. ( )3. There is an inflectional morpheme in the word “internationalist”. ( )4. Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish are generally known as Scandinavian languages. ( )5. Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as morphs. ( )6. The words such as NATO, AIDS, BASIC and UFO are acronyms. ( )7. There are few words which have both the same conceptual meaning and the same stylistic meaning. ( ) 8. One of the features of the contradictory terms is that such antonyms are so opposed to each other that they are mutually exclusive. ( ) 9. The same idiom may show stylistic differences when it is assigned different meanings. ( ) 10, The ambiguity of the sentence “The duck is too hot to eat,” is caused by inadequate grammatical context. ( ) 11. Encyclopedic dictionaries have the characteristics of both linguistic dictionaries and encyclopedia. ( ) 12. Such words as “useless” and “bad-mouth” are regarded as morphologically motivated words. ( ) 13. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology is generally known as a specialized Dictionary. ( )14. In the idiom “sooner or later”, juxtaposition is used. ( )15. Linguistic context may include the whole cultural background. ( ) IV. Answer the following questions. (20%)1.What is conceptual meaning? What are the characteristics of conceptual meaning?2. What are the four major causes of the difference between sound and form?3. What is transfer? What are the four main types of transfer?4. What is the difference between denizens and aliens?5. What are specialized dictionaries? What are their characteristics?V. Analyze and comment on the following. (20%)1. Point out the formation of the following words.sitcom medicare pub quake NATO VOA2.Read the following sentence carefully. If you find anything inappropriate, explainthe reasons and then improve the sentence.Jackson is a very hard businessman.《英语词汇学》模拟试卷（二）参考答案I. 选择题1. D2. A3. B4. D5. C6. B7. A8. C9. C 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. DII. 填空题1. affix2. first3. sound4. vocabulary5. productivity6. Germanic7. positions8. context9. extension 10. homophones 11. semantic 12. informal13. range 14. bilingual 15. grammaticalIII. 是非题1. F2. T3. F4. T5. T6. F7. T8. T9. T10. T 11. T 12. F 13. T 14. T 15. FIV. 问答题1.Conceptual meaning which is also known as denotative meaning is themeaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. Being constant and relatively stable, conceptual meaning forms the basis forcommunication as the same word has the same conceptual meaning to all the speakers of the same language.2.The first reason is that there are more phonemes than letters in English.Another reason is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly thanspelling over the years. The third reason is that some of the differences were created by the early scribes. The fourth reason is the borrowing.3.Transfer or semantic transfer refers to a process of the change ofword-meaning whereby a word used to designate one thing has been changed to mean something else. The four main types of semantic transfer are:associated transfer, transfer between abstract and concrete meanings, transfer between subjective and objective meanings, and transfer of sensations.4.Denizens which are words borrowed early in the past are now wellassimilated into the English language and have come to conform to the English way of pronunciation and spelling, but aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling and are immediatelyrecognizable as foreign in origin.5.Specialized dictionaries concentrate on a particular area of language orknowledge, treating such diverse topics as etymology, synonyms, idioms,pronunciation, usage in language, and computer, engineering, literature and a variety of other subjects. These dictionaries may not be very large in size, but each contains much more detailed information on the subject then you can find in a general unabridged one.V. 论述题1．1) Sitcom and medicare are blends. Sitcom is formed by combining the head of “situation” and that of “comedy”, and medicare is formed by combining the head of “medical” and the word “care”.2) Pub and quake are clipped words. Pub is formed by clipping the tail of the phrase “public house”, and quake is formed by clipping the head of the word “earthquake”.3) NATO and VOA are new words created through acronymy. NATO from “the North Atlantic Treaty Organization”is an acronym, while VOA from “V oice of America” is an initialism.2. 1) The sentence is ambiguous. The ambiguity is caused by polysemy.2) The word “hard”in this sentence can be understood as “hardworking”or “difficult”. The context fails to narrow down the meaning so that it is difficult for the reader to decide what exactly the speaker means. But there would be no misunderstanding if the original sentence is extended as “Jack is a very hard businessman and he has made great achievements,”or “Jack is a very hard businessman to deal with.”《英语词汇学》模拟试卷（二）I. 选择题1. D2. A3. B4. D5. C6. B7. A8. C9. C10. A 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. DII. 填空题1. affix2. first3. sound4. vocabulary5. productivity6. Germanic7. positions8. context9. extension 10. homophones 11. semantic 12. informal13. range 14. bilingual 15. grammaticalIII. 是非题1. F2. T3. F4. T5. T6. F7. T8. T9. T10. T 11. T 12. F 13. T 14. T 15. FIV. 问答题6.Conceptual meaning which is also known as denotative meaning is themeaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. Beingconstant and relatively stable, conceptual meaning forms the basis forcommunication as the same word has the same conceptual meaning to all thespeakers of the same language.7.The first reason is that there are more phonemes than letters in English.Another reason is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly thanspelling over the years. The third reason is that some of the differences werecreated by the early scribes. The fourth reason is the borrowing.8.Transfer or semantic transfer refers to a process of the change ofword-meaning whereby a word used to designate one thing has been changedto mean something else. The four main types of semantic transfer are:associated transfer, transfer between abstract and concrete meanings, transferbetween subjective and objective meanings, and transfer of sensations.9.Denizens which are words borrowed early in the past are now wellassimilated into the English language and have come to conform to the English way of pronunciation and spelling, but aliens are borrowed words which haveretained their original pronunciation and spelling and are immediatelyrecognizable as foreign in origin.10.Specialized dictionaries concentrate on a particular area of language orknowledge, treating such diverse topics as etymology, synonyms, idioms,pronunciation, usage in language, and computer, engineering, literature and avariety of other subjects. These dictionaries may not be very large in size, buteach contains much more detailed information on the subject then you can find in a general unabridged one.V. 论述题1．1) Sitcom and medicare are blends. Sitcom is formed by combining the head of “situation” and that of “comedy”, and medicare is formed by combining the head of “medical” and the word “care”.2) Pub and quake are clipped words. Pub is formed by clipping the tail of the phrase “public house”, and quake is formed by clipping the head of the word “earthquake”.3) NATO and VOA are new words created through acronymy. NATO from “the North Atlantic Treaty Organization”is an acronym, while VOA from “V oice of America” is an initialism.2. 1) The sentence is ambiguous. The ambiguity is caused by polysemy.2) The word “hard”in this sentence can be understood as “hardworking”or “difficult”. The context fails to narrow down the meaning so that it is difficult for the reader to decide what exactly the speaker means. But there would be no misunderstanding if the original sentence is extended as “Jack is a very hard businessman and he has made great achievements,”or “Jack is a very hard businessman to deal with.”。

英语统计作文

英语统计作文The English language is one of the most widely spoken and influential languages in the world today. It is the primary language of several countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, and is also widely used as a second language in many other parts of the globe. The prevalence of English has led to a significant amount of statistical data and research on the language, providing valuable insights into its usage, evolution, and impact.One of the most fundamental statistics related to the English language is the number of native speakers. According to the latest estimates, there are approximately 379 million native English speakers worldwide. This number, however, only scratches the surface of the true reach and influence of the language. In addition to native speakers, there are also an estimated 753 million people who use English as a second language, bringing the total number of English speakers to over 1.1 billion.The geographic distribution of English speakers is anotherfascinating aspect of the language's statistics. While the majority of native English speakers reside in the United States, with over 258 million, the United Kingdom is home to the second-largest population of native speakers, with around 60 million. Other countries with significant numbers of native English speakers include Canada, Australia, and South Africa.The global reach of English is not limited to native and second-language speakers, however. The language is also widely used in international business, diplomacy, and academia. In fact, English is the primary language of communication in many multinational corporations and is the de facto language of the Internet, with an estimated 25.9% of all online content being in English.The prevalence of English in these domains has led to a growing demand for English language proficiency, particularly in the workforce. Numerous studies have shown that proficiency in English can significantly enhance an individual's career prospects and earning potential. For example, a report by the British Council found that in many countries, individuals with high English language skills earn up to 30% more than those with lower proficiency.The importance of English in the global economy has also led to the development of various English proficiency assessments and certifications, such as the TOEFL, IELTS, and Cambridge Englishexams. These tests provide a standardized way to measure an individual's English language skills, and the results are often used by employers, universities, and immigration authorities to evaluate applicants.In addition to its practical applications, the English language has also been the subject of extensive linguistic research and analysis. Statisticians and linguists have studied various aspects of the language, including its vocabulary, grammar, and evolution over time.One interesting statistic is the size of the English vocabulary. While the exact number is debated, it is estimated that there are between 170,000 and 350,000 words in the English language, making it one of the most lexically diverse languages in the world. This vast vocabulary is a result of the language's long history and its ability to absorb and adapt words from other languages.The evolution of the English language is another fascinating area of study. Linguists have tracked the changes in the language's grammar, pronunciation, and spelling over time, revealing insights into the cultural and historical influences that have shaped its development. For example, the Great Vowel Shift, which occurred between the 15th and 18th centuries, significantly altered the pronunciation of many English vowels, leading to the modern sound of the language.The statistics surrounding the English language also extend to its use in literature and popular culture. English is the language of some of the most influential and widely read literary works in history, from Shakespeare's plays to J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series. It is also the dominant language in many forms of popular media, including music, film, and television.The global reach and influence of the English language have also led to the emergence of various regional and cultural variations, known as "Englishes." These variations, which include American English, British English, Australian English, and Indian English, among others, reflect the ways in which the language has adapted to different cultural and linguistic contexts.Overall, the statistics surrounding the English language paint a fascinating picture of its global reach, impact, and evolution. From its vast vocabulary to its widespread use in business, academia, and popular culture, the English language continues to be a crucial tool for communication and cultural exchange around the world.。

关于讨论各个国家的英语对话作文

关于讨论各个国家的英语对话作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1In recent years, there has been a growing interest in discussing the English dialogue in various countries. English, as the lingua franca of the world, is spoken and studied by millions of people in different parts of the globe. This has led to the development of various dialects and variations of English, each influenced by the culture, history, and linguistic background of the country where it is spoken.One of the most well-known variations of English is British English, which is spoken in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries such as Australia and New Zealand. British English is characterized by its distinctive vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, which can vary significantly from the English spoken in the United States. For example, in British English, the term "biscuit" refers to what Americans call a "cookie," and "lorry" is used instead of "truck."Another widely spoken variation of English is American English, which is spoken in the United States and Canada.American English is known for its use of slang, borrowed words from other languages, and simplified spelling. For example, in American English, the term "elevator" is used instead of "lift," and "apartment" is used instead of "flat."In addition to British and American English, there are many other variations of English spoken in countries around the world. For example, Indian English has its own unique vocabulary and grammar conventions, influenced by the country's diverse linguistic heritage. Similarly, South African English reflects the country's multicultural identity, with elements of Afrikaans and other local languages.Discussions about these variations of English can be fascinating and informative, as they offer insights into the cultural and historical contexts in which they have developed. By studying the English dialogue in various countries, we can gain a deeper understanding of the ways in which language shapes identity and shapes the way we communicate with others.In conclusion, the discussion of the English dialogue in different countries is an important and enriching area of study. By exploring the variations of English spoken around the world, we can learn more about the diversity of languages and cultures that make up our global community. Whether it is British English,American English, or any other variation, each form of English offers a unique perspective on the world and the people who speak it.篇2Title: Discussion on English Conversations in Various CountriesEnglish is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, with millions of people using it as a means of communication across different countries and cultures. In this essay, we will discuss the use of English in various countries and how conversations differ based on cultural norms and linguistic variations.Firstly, let's take a look at English conversations in the United States. American English is known for its casual and informal tone, with people often using slang and contractions in everyday speech. Additionally, Americans are known for their direct communication style, with conversations being straightforward and to the point. In the workplace, for example, it is common for colleagues to address each other by their first names and for meetings to be conducted in a relaxed and interactive manner.Moving on to English conversations in the United Kingdom, we see a more formal and polite communication style. British English is characterized by its use of formal language and politeness markers, such as 'please' and 'thank you'. British people often engage in small talk before getting to the main point of the conversation, and there is an emphasis on maintaining social etiquette and decorum in all communication situations.In Australia, English conversations are marked by a laid-back and friendly tone. Australian English is known for its use of colloquialisms and informal language, with people often using abbreviations and slang in everyday speech. Australians have a relaxed approach to communication, and it is common for conversations to be accompanied by humor and a casual demeanor.In Canada, English conversations are influenced by the country's multiculturalism and diverse linguistic landscape. Canadian English incorporates elements from British, American, and French languages, resulting in a unique blend of linguistic features. Canadians are known for their politeness and friendliness in communication, with conversations being inclusive and respectful of cultural differences.In India, English is spoken as a second language by a large portion of the population, alongside other regional languages. Indian English is characterized by its unique pronunciation and grammar rules, influenced by the country's diverse linguistic heritage. Conversations in India often involve code-switching between English and regional languages, reflecting the country's rich cultural tapestry.In conclusion, English conversations vary across different countries based on cultural norms, linguistic variations, and social contexts. Understanding these differences is essential for effective communication in a globalized world, where interactions with people from diverse backgrounds are becoming increasingly common. By recognizing and appreciating the nuances of English conversations in various countries, we can foster better cross-cultural understanding and build stronger relationships with people from around the world.篇3Title: Discussion on English Dialogues in Various CountriesEnglish has become a universal language that is widely spoken and understood in many countries around the world. As a result, there are various types of English dialogues that differ inaccent, vocabulary, and cultural nuances in different countries. In this essay, we will explore and compare the differences in English dialogues in several countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and India.In the United States, American English is the predominant form of English spoken. American English is characterized by a distinct accent, which differs from British English in terms of pronunciation and intonation. For example, Americans pronounce the “r” sound more prominently than British speakers. In addition, American English has its own set of vocabulary and idioms that may not be commonly used in other English-speaking countries.On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, British English is the most widely spoken form of English. British English is known for its diverse range of accents, including the Received Pronunciation (RP) accent, which is often associated with the upper class. British English also has its own unique vocabulary, such as “biscuit” for cookie and “boot” for trunk.In Australia, Australian English is spoken, which is influenced by both British English and American English. Australian English has its own distinctive accent, known for its upward intonation at the end of sentences, commonly referred to as the “Australianrising intonation”. Australian English also features unique slang words and expressions that may not be easily understood by non-Australians.In India, Indian English is widely spoken as a second language, alongside various regional languages. Indian English is characterized by its unique vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. Indian English can vary greatly depending on the region, with different states having their own dialects and accents.Overall, English dialogues in different countries reflect the cultural diversity and linguistic variations present in the English-speaking world. It is important to be aware of these differences and nuances when communicating with people from different countries, in order to promote effective and respectful dialogue across borders.。

三年级上册英语书常用表达法的读音和写法

三年级上册英语书常用表达法的读音和写法In the third grade English textbook, students are introduced to common expressions and phrases that are frequently used in daily conversations. These expressions not only help students improve their English language skills, but also enable them to communicate effectively with others. Let's take a look at some of these common expressions and their pronunciation and spelling.1. Hello, how are you? Pronunciation: /həˈloʊ, haʊɑːr juː/; Spelling: Hello, how are you?2. What's your name? Pronunciation: /wɑːts jʊər neɪm/; Spelling: What's your name?3. My name is Sarah. Pronunciation: /maɪ neɪm ɪz ˈsɛrə/; Spelling: My name is Sarah.4. How old are you? Pronunciation: /haʊ oʊld ɑːr juː/; Spelling: How old are you?5. I am eight years old. Pronunciation: /aɪəm eɪt jɪrz oʊld/; Spelling: I am eight years old.6. Where are you from? Pronunciation: /wɛr ɑːr juː frʌm/; Spelling: Where are you from?7. I am from China. Pronunciation: /aɪəm frʌm ˈʧaɪnə/; Spelling: I am from China.8. What is this? Pronunciation: /wɑːt ɪz ðɪs/; Spelling: What is this?9. This is a book. Pronunciation: /ðɪs ɪz ə bʊk/; Spelling: This is a book.10. Can you help me? Pronunciation: /kæn juː hɛlp miː/; Spelling: Can you help me?These common expressions are essential for students to learn and practice in order to build a strong foundation in English language skills. By mastering these expressions, students will be able to engage in basic conversations with others and express themselvesconfidently. Practice makes perfect, so it is important for students to practice these expressions regularly in order to improve their pronunciation and spelling.In addition to learning these common expressions, students should also focus on building their vocabulary and grammar skills. Reading books, listening to English songs, watching English movies, and engaging in conversations with native speakers are all great ways to improve English language skills. It is important for students to be consistent and dedicated in their language learning efforts in order to see progress and success.Overall, the third grade English textbook provides students with a solid foundation in common expressions and phrases that are essential for daily communication. By mastering these expressions, students will be well-equipped to engage in conversations with others and express themselves effectively. With practice and dedication, students can continue to improve their English language skills and become confident English speakers.。

四年级英语英语学习家长评价单选题30题

四年级英语英语学习家长评价单选题30题1.Mom: Do you like learning English? Kid: Yes, I do. Mom: Why? Kid: Because it's fun. Mom: What do you think of your English teacher? Kid: She is nice. Mom: Do you think learning English is important? Kid: Yes, I do. Mom: Why? Kid: Because it can help me communicate with people from other countries. What is the kid's attitude towards learning English?A.Indifferent.B.Enthusiastic.C.Angry.D.Sad.答案：B。

本题主要考查对孩子回答的理解。

孩子说喜欢英语因为有趣，认为英语老师很好，且觉得学习英语重要因为可以和其他国家的人交流，这些都体现出孩子对英语学习的热情，即enthusiastic。

选项 A indifferent 表示冷漠的；选项C angry 表示生气的；选项D sad 表示悲伤的，均不符合孩子的态度。

2.Mom: How do you feel about doing English homework? Kid: It's okay. I can do it. Mom: Do you think it's difficult? Kid: Not really. Mom: What do you do when you don't understand something in English class? Kid: I ask the teacher. What is the kid's attitude towards English homework?A.Resistant.B.Positive.C.Negative.D.Afraid.答案：B。

英语美式作文

英语美式作文
As a native English speaker, I have had the opportunity to experience both the British and American styles of English. In this essay, I will compare and contrast the two, highlighting the unique features of American English.
6. Influence of Media and Pop Culture
The widespread influence of American media and pop culture has also contributed to the global dominance of American English. Hollywood movies, American music, and popular TV shows have all played a role in popularizing American English words and expressions around the world.
7. Conclusion
In conclusion, American English is a dynamic and ever-evolving language that continues to have a significant impact on global communication. While it shares many similarities with British English, it has also developed its own unique features, from pronunciation and vocabulary to grammar and slang. As a native speaker of American English, I take pride in the rich linguistic heritage of my language and its ongoing influence on the world stage.

中文名字和英文名字差异英语作文

中文名字和英文名字差异英语作文Chinese Names and English Names are different in many ways, reflecting the cultural and linguistic differences between the two languages. Chinese names are typically made up of two or three characters, with the surname placed first followed by the given name. It is very common for Chinese names to have meanings, often reflecting the parents’ wishes for the child’s future success, happiness, or other positive characteristics. On the other hand, English names are usually made up of one to three syllables, with the first name followed by the middle name (if one is given) and last name.One major difference between Chinese and English names is the order in which they are written or spoken. In Chinese names, the surname comes first followed by the given name, while in English names the given name comes first followed by the last name. For example, a person with the Chinese name 王小明(Wang Xiaoming) would have the English name Xiaoming Wang.Another difference is the pronunciation and spelling of Chinese names compared to English names. Chinese names often have tones and sounds that are not present in English, making it difficult for English speakers to pronounce them correctly. Furthermore, Chinese names are often transliteratedusing the pinyin system, which can lead to variations in spelling and pronunciation. English names, on the other hand, are easier for Chinese speakers to pronounce as they are based on the Latin alphabet.In terms of meaning, Chinese names often have deep significance and are chosen carefully by parents. For example, the name 美丽(Meili) means beautiful, reflecting the parents’ desire for their child to be lovely and attractive. English names, on the other hand, may not have specific meanings or significance attached to them, although some parents may choose names based on their own preferences or family traditions.Overall, Chinese and English names differ in terms of order, pronunciation, spelling, and meaning. Despite these differences, names are an important part of identity and play a significant role in shaping how individuals are perceived and how they perceive themselves. Both Chinese and English names carry cultural and personal significance, reflecting the unique characteristics and backgrounds of their bearers.。

如何学好英语的英语作文（精选6篇）

英语作⽂，是指⽤英语针对某⼀内容写出⼀篇⽂章，是英语考试最常见的'⼀种题⽬类型，英语作⽂要求阅读、写作能⼒⽐较⾼，也是考⽣最容易失分的题型。

下⾯为⼤家带来了如何学好英语的英语作⽂（精选6篇），欢迎⼤家参考阅读！如何学好英语的英语作⽂篇1 “‘how to do well in school without studying’ is over there in the fiction section” it is a common phenomenon that a large number of students are pursuing success with a wrong belief that there exists a shortcut to learning. the picture given reveals this fact in an ironic way. we can easily notice from the cartoon that a student is asking the teacher in the library how to achieve accomplishment in school without studying, while the teacher is pointing to the fiction section to tell him to work hard. learning is actually a painstaking process in which both students on campuses and employees of working agencies are struggling to acquire knowledge by sparing great efforts. on the contrary, some people in today’s society aim at studying without hard work, following the so-called “shortcut” ways. from my own perspective, there is no shortcut in the way to learn. first and foremost, learning or obtaining knowledge is based on the accumulation step by step. the famous saying that rome is not built in one day teaches us that no goal is achieved without persistence and accumulation. in addition, the shortcut to learning is extremely appealing to those who are unwilling to spend time and energy studying because they might win by a fluke. however, students advocating the shortcut is unlikely to win every time. last but not least, the fickleness and negative attitudes towards exams are responsible for the widespread trend of the shortcut belief, and it surely lead to the failure of study to some students. taking a look around us, we can find that many agencies and people believe in the prediction of the exams, and students may be indulged in the so-called perditions and pay no attention to studying hard. as has been mentioned, learning without hard work tends to be useless and meaningless, for students cannot have a great chance to grow into all-round intellectuals. the picture makes us college students aware of the great significance of true skill andgenuine knowledge. only by making efforts to learn in and after class can we gain solid and real ability and competence. 如何学好英语的英语作⽂篇2 in the modern society, with competition becomes increasingly fierce, to find a job is too difficult for the young generation. academic qualification, as a job a stepping-stone, is an essential factor during the job hunting. some people think that the highly educated must be able to find a good job, because education can prove that a person has a good capacity. therefore, it is commonly believe that a job seeker with a master degree must be easier to find a promising job than a undergraduate. however, now the company interviewers generally prefer to required a even higher academic qualification, like a doctor degree. otherwise, the applicants, even though he or she has tremendous potential, will be refused relentlessly. as far as i am concerned, education should not be the single standard in an interview. as for the companies, it is not necessarily a good principle as well. now the whole community often talk about working ability and efficiency. for example, some people may have high academic qualification, but actually his ability is very limited. so both the individual and the community ought to change their attitude on academic qualification. we should realize that it is the operational capability and service ability which can help you to find a good job. 如何学好英语的英语作⽂篇3 there is a saying goes like this: sometimes people don’t notice the things others do for them until they stop doing them.” this saying has vividly interpreted the importance of being grateful to the peoplewho always help us. they are like sunshine and rain drops, which make our life blossom. but it is not rare that when occasional help becomes a matter of routine, we tend to overlook its existence. since the very movement we were born, our parents have been taking care of us. when we were children, we took it for granted that our parents are both superman, who can settle everything for us. however, only after we had grown up and left home to live independently did we realize that we seldom said “thanks” to our parents who deserve our gratitude most. apart from our parents, we have many other helpers, such as the policemen, cleaners, maintenance staff etc. we should also cherish their help because it is easy to picture what our life will be like if they stop offering their help. i will always respect them, and never fail to say “thank you” for their help. as for my parents, though i will not always say “thanks”, i will beam at them whenever there is an eye contact, and try to let them know my sincere love for them. 如何学好英语的英语作⽂篇4 English is important and useful to us.How can we learn it well?Here is some advice. I think listening can help,so you can listen to english songs on the readio and repeat the difficult words.If you usually forget a lot of the new words.You can slways write the new words in your notebook.And you can ever study on the subway on the subway or bus on the way to school or home .If you cant understand what people are saying.You can join an english language club to practice speaking English.I thing English can help you. Last,i hope you can learn English be better. 如何学好英语的英语作⽂篇5 English is one of the most important subjects in middle school. Almost everyone knows that we should learn English well, but few of us know how to learn it well. Karl Marx has set a good example for us. He once said, "When one is learning a foreign language, he must use the foreign language." In this way, he could use several languages. A saying goes, "Practice makes perfect." When we learn English, we should read more, speak more, listen to English from time to time and practise writing every day. Dont be afraid of making mistakes. Only in this way can we learn it well. 如何学好英语的英语作⽂篇6 English is a useful and very important language. So how to learn it well? I have some suggestions here. First of all, we should remember the pronunciation and spelling of words firmly, and then review and consolidate them in time. Secondly, we should often speak in English, which is for practicing oral English. Thirdly, we can write more articles in English and use grammar correctly. In order to learn English well, we can also watch more English movies and listen to more English songs. These are all good ways to learn English. In a word, we can learn English well only by practicing more, reading more, writing more and relying on our own efforts.【如何学好英语的英语作⽂（精选6篇）】。

仁爱英语九年级上册unit3重点短语和所对应句子English around the world

5 By the way 顺便提一下, I'm flying to 飞往 Disneyland tomorrow. 6 Enjoy yourself! Enjoy yourself，have a good time 用法一样，表示祝某人玩得愉快 7 So, you are Zhao Min. How do you do 用在第一次见面，正式场合 8 I know only a little English. a little a little 意为 some, not much 即“有一点，但不多”表示肯定。 little, a little 作不定代词时，主要修饰不可数名词。其中 little 意为 not much, not enough 即： “不多”、“不够”、“少量”“几乎没有”表示否定。如：There is little ink in my pen. 9 few, A few 为不定代词，修饰可数名词。其中 few 意为 not many,not enough 即： “很少” 、 “不多”“几乎没有”表示否定，如：Few of us speak Russian. A few 意为 some,not many 即：“一些”、“不多”，虽少但是有表示肯定。 10 I have difficulty in pronouncing some words in English. have difficulty in doing sth.做某事有困难。与此有相同意思的短语： have problem/trouble in doing sth. 11 Michael and Kangkang are going to see them off. see sb. off 与某人道别. 12 Now they are on their way to the airport on one’s way to… 在某人去…的路上 13 I'm so excited. excited, interested 用于人做主语， exciting, interesting 用于物做主语 14 I'm leaving for California. leave for somewhere 指的是要去某地而 leave somewhere 是离开某地 15 They reach the airport twenty minutes later. reach, get to, arrive at/in 都有到达的意思。但只有 reach 可以单独使用，不用接介词

仁爱英语九年级第三单元English_Around_the_World-课文电子稿AlKUUP (1)

P59English Around the WorldIt's true that English is used more and more widely around the world . How does this happen ? We may find the answer from history .In the nineteenth century , Great Britain became a powerful country , so English became an international language . Then , since the 1950s ,the U.S.A. has become more and more powerful . The American computer and Internet industry has taken the leading position in the world . As a result , the Internet has helped English to became much more popular .;China , a country with the largest population in the world , has encouraged more people to learn English since the 1970s . Since the 1990s , English learning has been very popular with Chiese people . Many of them have done well in English and have made great progress in speaking it .Now , students are required to learn English , and the study of English is regarded as a very importang industry in China as well as in the rest of the world .P65American English and British EnglishSome people may not clearly know the differences between American English and British . Though written English is similar in Britain and America , oral English is quite different .Generally speaking , American English is different from British English in pronunciation and spelling . For example , when a learner is used to the British pronunciation 【ho:t , kla:k , 'le:de 】(hot , clerk , leisure ),he may not understand the American pronunciation 【ha:t , kle:rk , 'li:der】immediately . As for the spelling differences , you can easily fing them when you use a computer . The spelling check on your computer shows American spelling , such as color , center , dialog and traveled . These words are spelled as colour , centre , dialogue , and traveled in British English .There are also differences in some expressions. For example , you relax in a sitting room in Britain but in a living room in America , you fill in a form in Britain , but fill out a form in the U.S.A. ; Americans take the subway , while British people take the underground . Howerer , most of the time , people from the two countries do not habe much difficulty understanding each other .。

写一写你所了解的澳大利亚英语作文

写一写你所了解的澳大利亚英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Australian English, also known as Aussie English, is a distinct dialect of the English language spoken in Australia. It has its own unique vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar that set it apart from other variations of English spoken around the world. In this essay, we will explore the key features of Australian English and how it reflects the rich cultural heritage of the country.One of the most noticeable aspects of Australian English is its use of slang and colloquialisms. Australians are known for their informal and laid-back approach to communication, and this is reflected in the way they use language. Australian slang is a colourful and vibrant aspect of the dialect, with many unique words and phrases that may be unfamiliar to non-Australians. For example, "G'day" is a common greeting in Australia, and "mate" is a term of endearment used to address friends and acquaintances.In addition to slang, Australian English also has its own unique pronunciation and accent. The Australian accent is oftencharacterized by its flat and broad vowels, as well as its tendency to drop consonants at the end of words. For example, the word "fish" may be pronounced as "fush" in Australian English. This distinctive accent is one of the most recognizable features of Australian English and is often imitated by non-Australians for comedic effect.Grammar is another important aspect of Australian English. While the grammar of Australian English is generally similar to British English, there are some differences in usage that set it apart. For example, Australians often use the present perfect tense less frequently than British speakers, opting instead for the simple past tense. Additionally, Australians may use different prepositions and verb forms in certain contexts, leading to subtle differences in the way sentences are constructed.The history of Australian English is closely tied to the country's colonial past. The first European settlers arrived in Australia in the late 18th century, bringing with them their own regional dialects of English. Over time, these dialects merged and evolved to form the unique variety of English spoken in Australia today. Australian English has also been influenced by the indigenous languages of the Aboriginal and Torres StraitIslander peoples, as well as by other immigrant communities that have settled in the country.In conclusion, Australian English is a vibrant and dynamic dialect that reflects the rich cultural heritage of Australia. From its distinctive slang and accent to its unique grammar and vocabulary, Australian English is a key part of what makes the country's identity unique. As the country continues to evolve and grow, so too will its language, ensuring that Australian English remains a vibrant and living part of the nation's cultural landscape.篇2Australia EnglishAustralia English, also known as Australian English, is the form of English used in Australia. While it is largely similar to British English, there are some distinct differences that set Australian English apart.One of the most noticeable features of Australian English is the accent. Australian accents are often characterized by the use of the short "i" sound in words like "fish" and "ship", as well as the pronunciation of the letter "r" at the end of words. Theaccent can vary depending on the region, with some areas having stronger accents than others.Another distinct feature of Australian English is the use of certain slang terms and expressions that are unique to Australia. For example, Australians often use the word "mate" as a term of endearment or to refer to a friend, and may use phrases like "g'day" to say hello. Other common slang terms include "arvo" for afternoon, "brekkie" for breakfast, and "no worries" as a way to say "you're welcome".In terms of vocabulary, Australian English has borrowed words from Indigenous Australian languages as well as British English. For example, words like "kangaroo", "boomerang", and "koala" all come from Indigenous Australian languages, while words like "biscuit" (cookie) and "jumper" (sweater) come from British English.Grammar in Australian English is largely the same as in British English, with a few minor differences. For example, Australians tend to use the present perfect tense less often than British speakers, and may use the past simple tense instead. There are also some differences in punctuation and spelling, such as the use of the -ise spelling instead of -ize (e.g. realise instead of realize).Overall, Australian English is a vibrant and diverse form of English that reflects the unique cultural heritage of Australia. With its distinctive accent, slang terms, and vocabulary, Australian English is a fascinating dialect that continues to evolve and adapt to the changing landscape of language.篇3Australian English, also known as Aussie English, is the official language spoken in Australia. It has its own unique accent, vocabulary, and even grammar rules that set it apart from British English and American English.One of the most noticeable features of Australian English is the accent. Australians tend to speak with a more relaxed and laid-back tone compared to British and American English speakers. This is often referred to as the "strine" accent, which is characterized by dropping or shortening syllables and using a rising intonation at the end of sentences. In addition, Australians have a habit of using slang and abbreviations in their speech, such as "mate" for friend or "barbie" for barbecue.Another aspect of Australian English is its vocabulary. Australians have unique words and phrases that are not commonly used in other English-speaking countries. Forexample, "thongs" are flip-flops, "eskies" are coolers, and "uni" is short for university. There are also many words that have been borrowed from Indigenous languages, such as "kangaroo" and "boomerang."Grammar in Australian English can also differ from British and American English. One notable difference is the use of collective nouns. For example, Australians often refer to sports teams, companies, or groups of people as a singular entity, using phrases like "the team is playing well" instead of "the team are playing well." Additionally, Australians tend to use the present perfect tense less frequently than British and American English speakers, opting instead for the simple past tense.Overall, Australian English is a vibrant and unique dialect that reflects the diverse culture of Australia. From its distinctive accent to its colorful vocabulary, Aussie English is an important part of Australian identity and a fascinating subject of study for linguists and language enthusiasts alike.。

论自然拼音在小学英语教学中的应用

The Research on Phonics of English Words Teaching in thePrimary SchoolLizzyClass 1, Grade 2006, foreign language department, Chongqing Normal University Foreign Trade and BusinessCollegeAbstract: It is the most difficulty thing for many teachers and students to remember English words. People liked to remember words using phonetic symbol before. But the shortage of this approach is that people can not spell words without phonetic symbol. As for this problem, foreign educators have come up with “phonics” used to remember words. Nowadays, in mainland of China, phonics has not been known by many people. Even research concerning it has hardly been found. The application of "phonics" helps students master the spelling rules of English words better; cultivates them the ability of reading correctly at the first sight of the word and writing correctly on hearing the word; contributes to student‟s effective memorization of words and builds a good foundation for their sustainable improvement in English study. Combined with practical teaching, this article researches on some problems that need to be heeded while the application of "phonics" of English words teaching in the primary school students.摘要：单词记忆难的问题一直是许多师生头疼的问题。

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Pronunciation and Spelling
in Australia
From: Andy
Pronunciation

/i/ Normally, the word at the This sound in Australia sound end with-er,we usually In addition, the dictionary often tenser,so some words such as pronounce / əbe /, but marked out can / i / in sound, Australia mouth is / ə / pin and kin,that would sound Australians tend to just select bigger, it sounds a little bit like peen and keen. Some sound, for example, plural like /just a /, sounds so some words boxes like boxers. words such as happy and city, such as faster sounds like ending fasta. with a typical / i /, will be extended to the / i :/, it sounds like happee and citee.

/eə/ Examples: square, bared, haired (RP: / eə /). Australian English, in the / eə / became / e :/, bared become / be: d /.
/uə/→/ɔ/ Poor: ENG/puə/一AUS/pɔ/ /ei/ often pronunce / ai /, such as: raise become rise, tape become type, day become die, today become todie.
*Spelling*

Australian spelling is similar to the British spelling .

And British English, as customary reservations "u" in the words of honour and favour; using the "re" instead of "er" in theatre and metre in; Australia and the United Kingdom also have some different places, such as Australia with the "program", rather than the British use of "programme"; There are two forms are possible, such as "acknowledgment" and "acknowledgement(承认；确认；感谢) ” "abridgment (删节；删节本；文摘； )" and "abridgement", but shorter been adopted this form of government in Australia. There are other proof that Australia uses American English spelling in some situation.
•: Are you coming today? Mike: Professor, I’m not going to die, I feel good. Marry: um..You must come today. Mike: NO!! I won’t die!! Marry: But you have to come today!! Mike:!@#$%^&

☺The embarrassed
moment
• Mike: A Chinese students studying in Australia
• Marry：A professor of oral English from Australia
(Class begins, Marry point at Franky and asked him a question about the class this noon.)