新GRE 数学词汇

算数-整数
Integer整数consecutive integer连续整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数even integer偶数odd integer奇数real number实数divisor约数，除数，因子multiple倍数remainder余数score二十quotient商composite number合数prime number质数prime factor质因子successive连续的spread范围constant恒定不变的分数
Numerator分子denominator分母greatest common divisor/factor最大公约数least common multiple最小公倍数common multiple公倍数common factor公因子reciprocal/inverse倒数mixed number带分数improper fraction假分数proper fraction真分数vulgar fraction/common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数reversible可逆的，可倒转的nearest whole percent最接近的百分数
小数
Decimal place小数位decimal point小数点decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数digit位decimal system十进制units digit个位tens digit 十位数tenths unit十分位3-digit number三位数quartiles四分位数percentiles百分位数inter-quartile range四分位差negligible可忽略不计的closest approximation最相近似的calculate to three decimal places结果保留3位小数approximately大约，近似estimation估算，近似
实数
Absolute value绝对值nonzero number非零数natural number自然数positive number正数non-negative非负的rational有理数irrational无理数
比例
Common ratio公比direct proportion正比percent百分比account for占（比例）scatter-plot 点阵scale比例，刻度
幂和根
Cardinal基数ordinal序数exponent指数，幂base/power底数/指数，幂radical sign/root sign根号radicals根式square root平方根cube-root立方根product乘积sommon logarithm常用对数
集合
Subset子集proper subset真子集union合集intersection交集empty set空集solution set解集set of data/data set数据集sets集合nonempty非空的mutually exclusive互斥的juxtaposition并列disjoint不相交的elements元素event事件compound events复合事件independent events独立事件sufficient充分的Venn diagrams韦恩图the intersection of A and B；A与B的交集the union of A and B；A与B的并集the sum of A and B /the total of A and B；A和B的和
统计
Average平均数mean平均数，中书maximum最大数minimum最小数median中位数mode众数arithmetic mean算术平均数weighted average/mean加权平均数geometric mean几何平均数range值域dispersion离差，差量 standard deviation标准方差to the nearest/round to四舍五入round保留整数value值，数值probability概率distribution分布probability distribution概率分布frequency distribution频数分布normal distribution正态分布relative frequency distributions相关频率分布standard normal distribution标准正态分布factorial notation阶乘permutations排列，置换combination组合grid lines坐标线，网格线circle graphs饼图boxpiots箱型图bar graphs/histogram柱状图，直方图at
random随机random variables随机变量 discrete random variable离散随机变量continuous random variable连续随机变量equally likely event可能事件roll a fair die掷骰子heads up 正面朝上，头朝上tails up背面朝上，数字朝上toss up掷硬币，（胜败）机会相等
数学运算
Add/plus加subtract/minus减multiplication乘multiply/times乘divide除difference差sum和is equal to等于total总和divisible可被整除的division除，部分divided evenly 被整除dividend被除数the difference of A and B；A和B的差the product of A and B；A 和B的乘积prime factorization质因数分解greater than大于no less than大于等于no more than小于等于no solution无解interval区间，间隔invert倒置，颠倒inverse倒数invert a fraction求分数的倒数from subtract从…减…in equivalent to与…相等increase to 增加到increase by增加到decrease to减少了decrease by减少到identical相等的divisibility可约性，可除性
代数、方程、不等式
Coefficient系数literal coefficient字母系数numerical coefficient数字系数term项constant term常数项quadratic二次方程equivalent equation同解方程linear equation线性方程solution解inequality不等式expression表达式equation方程式，等式linear一次的，线性的factorization因数分解function函数inverse function反函数trigonometric function三角函数complementary function余函数variable/variations变量domain定义域sequence数列sequences of numbers数列arithmetic procession等差数列geometric progression等比数列inclusive包含序列的首末项exclusive不包含序列的首末项parentheses括号satisfy使…成立equivalent相等的
几何-直线、垂线
A line segment线段midpoint中点endpoint端点right angle直角perpendicular垂线perpendicular lines垂直线perpendicular bisector垂直平分线parallel lines平行线visect平分partition分割intercepts截取
相交线和角
Acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角opposite angles对角vertical angle对顶角vertex angle顶角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角alternate angle内错角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplementary angles补角complementary angles余角adjacent angle邻角 a straight line直线angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线intersect相交angle measurement in degrees角度计算
三角形
altitude三角形的高arm直角三角形的股equilateral triangle等边三角形hypotenuse斜边inscribed triangle内接三角形vertex顶角，顶点isosceles triangle等腰三角形median of a triangle三角形的中线oblique斜三角形opposite直角三角形中的对边right triangle直角三角形similar triangles相似三角形leg直角边included side夹边pythegorean theorem勾股定理congruent angles全等角congruent line segments等长线段
四边形和多边形
数字前缀
1: uni,mono, 2: bi,du,di 3: tri,ter 4: tetra,quad 5: penta,quint 6: hex,sex 7: sept,hapta 8: oct 9: enn 10:dec,deka
Quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形 octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形multilateral多边的regular polygon正多边形parallelogram平行四边形square正方形rectangle长方形rhombus菱形
equilateral等边形的trapezoid梯形congruent全等的symmetric对称的symmetry对称性perimeter周长overlap重叠coordinate geometry解析几何corresponding side对应边area of a rectangle长方形面积fold对折
圆
Center of a circle圆心circle圆形concentric circles同心圆semicircle半圆circumference 周长chord弦 radius半径diameter直径tangent正切inscribe内切circumsscribe外切point of tangency切点tangent line切线circumscribed外接的radian弧度arc弧segment of a circle弧形 be parallel to平行be perpendicular to平行be tangent to与…相切立体几何
Edge边，棱length长width宽depth深度volume体积suface area表面积cube立方体rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥pyramid角锥sphere球体faces面cross section横截面solid line实线dimension维数three-dimensional figures三维图形as illustrated如图所示
几何坐标
Coordinate plane坐标平面coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标abscissax-coordinate横坐标ordinate纵坐标xy-planesXY平面坐标number line数轴origin圆点axis轴x-axis；X轴intercept截距x-intercept；X轴截距quadrant象限four quadrants四象限slope斜率 a unique solution唯一解parabola抛物线linear functions线性函数
句型
Be fewer than小于be less than小于twice as many A as B；A是B的两倍the ratio of A to B is；A比B a diminished by B/A minus B /from A subtract B；A减去B A multiplied by B；A乘以B A divided by B；A/B A divided into B；B/A A is 20% less than B；（B-A）/B A is 20% more than B;(A-B)/B A is a divisor of B；A是B的除数（约数） be direct(inverse)proportion at/to；成反比 A is subset of B；A是B的子集be more than twice as many X in A as in B；A 里面的X是B里面X的2倍以上be proportional to；与…成比例的be drawn to；按比例绘制实际应用
Balance余额cost of production产品成本approximate cost估算成本，约计成本down payment预付定金，首付款installment分期付款discount rate折扣率charter租赁，包租charge收费principal本金simple interest单利compound interest复利gross profit毛利sales revenue销售量sales taxes营业税，销售税property tax财产税list price标价margin 利润，付定金mark up涨价pruchases销售数量rebate退还款，折扣pointer指针project 预测，估计corresponding value对应值mutual fund共同基金expected value期望值，预期值intensity强度inercalary year/leap year闰年lifetime寿命reflection镜射simplification简化simplified简化的sketch草图，示意图survey调查solid color纯色concentration浓度weight加重量于，使变重yields产量central tendency集中趋势tie打平其他
Blot out涂掉、删掉buck一美元dim一角clockwise顺时针constant rate匀速的cumulative 累积的defined已定义的categories种类in excess of超过in terms of用…的话，用…来表示in turn依次distinct point不同点nearest 0.1 percent最接近0.1% inclusive包括在内的alongside和…在一起preceding在…前的simultaneously同时respectively各自地，分别地per capita按照人数分配的，每人wall（容器的）壁truckload一卡车的容量denote表示。