考博英语词汇重难点20天冲刺-长难句句型解析【圣才出品】

6. 长难句句型解析（14～15天）

一、简单句

1. The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language—all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.

分析：本句是一个简单句，主干为all these are examples…。其主语是由the workers，the student和the foreigner充当的。

译文：得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外国人——这些都是那些有可衡量的结果以显示其努力的人们的例证。

2. The so-called spending thesis analyzes the Great Depression in terms of the enormous fall in both consumption and investment expenditures between 1929 and 1933 and in terms of the failure of these expenditures to recover after 193

3.

分析：本句的主干在于句子的前半部分，短语in terms of 意为“根据，在…方面”，在这里做状语；为了使译文表达清楚，翻译时可译作两个独立分句。

译文：所谓的消费论丛两个方面分析大萧条，一是1929年到1933年的消费和投资开支的大幅度下降，二是1933年以后这些开支未能恢复经济。

3. Western Society (about 1.1 billion people) cannot bring the remaining

4.4 billion people in less developed countries up to the Western consumptive “standard of living” without exhausting the earth’s resources.

分析：本句谓语是bring… up to …（使…达到…）。在此句翻译时要注意exhaust一词的翻译，这里不是“疲劳，精疲力气”的意思，而是“用尽，耗尽”的意思。

译文：西方社会（大约11亿的人口）如果不耗尽地球的资源便无法使不太发达的国家中的44亿人口达到西方发达国家消费水平的“生活标准”。

4. A survey of new stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.

分析：本句主干为a survey reveals that …。只是后面的宾语成分比较多而复杂。

译文：1996年进行的一次对新书的调查显示，“反科学”的标签也被贴到了很多组织上，包括提倡根除残余的天花病毒的权威机构及提倡削减基础研究资金的共和党人。

5. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform.

分析：本句主干为An invisible border divides …。宾语部分those是由现在分词短语arguing来修饰的。

译文：有些人为了学生的就业前景为教室里放置电脑而辩，有些人为教育的彻底改革中更为广泛的理由为教室里放置电脑而辩，这两群人之间有一条无形的界线。

6. These include affordable child care and flexible working schedules as well as

attention to the persistent “glass ceiling” faced by upwardly mobile women managers and professionals as women increasingly occupy traditionally male occupations, especially those that require advanced education.

分析：本句为一个简单句，谓语动词为include，其宾语部分是由affordable child care，flexible working schedules和attention并列充当的，而attention后的修饰成分较长，可以将其修饰语分译为一独立分句。

译文：这些问题包括收费同合理的幼托设施，灵活的工作时间安排和对仍顽固存在的妇女就业最高限度的考虑。随着妇女越来越多地占据了传统为男性从事的职业（特别是那些要求高学历的职业），这一最高限度是那些向上晋级的女经理和女专业工作者需要面对的。

7. Whether to use tests, or other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.

分析：本句主干为Whether to …depend upon …and upon …。validity有效；availability可得到性，可获得性。

译文：因此，在某一特定情况下，究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息，或是两者特殊情况时的使用，需凭有关相对有效的经验而定，也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素。

8. The most ominous threats to agriculture and natural ecosystems are human-induced changes in climate projected to result from additions to the atmosphere of trace gases that will bring on the greenhouse effect.

分析：本句结构比较简单，按照句序翻译即可。要注意专有名词翻译的准确性。