雅思刘洪波阅读词汇
考点词538
雅思阅读考点词库
—引用于刘洪波《剑桥雅思阅读考点词真经》
538个雅思阅读考点词，分成了3类，进行了重要性排序。
如果考生熟知，对应
雅思阅读7分以上能力。
第1类考点词
共20+34=54个
定义：雅思阅读文章中只要出现该次词，90％会被命题考查！不同的真题中被反复考查多次，超高频考点词！
背记：考生请严格按下表中重要性排行顺序记忆20个考点词。
第一个背的阅读单词是resemble而不是abandon,它在《剑桥雅思9》和《剑桥雅思10》
中多次考到。
请同记忆下表真题命题方式中相对于的34个同义替换考点
词（彩色单词）。
不熟的单词请一定查出标注，同时建议思考相关反义词表
达。
要求：滚瓜烂熟
第二类考点词
共100+71=171个（注：这类词中考点词与近义词有重复，故实际为171个考点词。
）
定义：雅思阅读文章中只要出现该词，60％会被命题考查！不同的真题中被考查过一次以上重要考点词！
背记：考生请按下表中重要性排行顺序记忆100个考点词; 同时记忆真题命题方式中相对于的71个同意替换考点词（彩色单词）。
不熟的单词请一定
查出标注，同时建议思考相关反义词表达。
要求：熟记10遍以上。
第3类考点词(共256+57=313个)
定义：雅思阅读真题文章中被考查过的单词，它们都是雅思阅读考点词。
背记：这256个单词的重要性一致，因此没有按照重要性排序；同时记忆真题命题方式中相对应的57个同义替换考点词（彩色单词）。
不熟的单词请一定要查出标注，同时建议思考相关反义词表达。
要求：熟记5遍以上。
刘洪波雅思单词文本
刘洪波雅思单词文本英文文档：The text focuses on Liu Hongbo"s method of teaching IELTS vocabulary.IELTS is a test that assesses the English language proficiency of non-native speakers who want to study or work in English-speaking countries.Vocabulary is an essential part of the test, and Liu Hongbo provides an effective way to learn and remember words.In the text, Liu Hongbo introduces a set of strategies to help students expand their vocabulary.He emphasizes the importance of understanding the meaning of words in different contexts and suggests using collocation to enhance memory.Additionally, he shares his experience of teaching IELTS and provides advice on how to prepare for the test.The text is beneficial for IELTS candidates as it offers practical tips and techniques to improve their vocabulary skills.By following Liu Hongbo"s advice, students can enhance their language proficiency and achieve better results in the IELTS test.中文文档：本文主要介绍了刘洪波的雅思词汇教学方法。
雅思阅读考点词汇 刘洪波 解析汇报+同义替换
雅思阅读考点词汇X洪波解析+同义替换考点核心词abandon abstract accelerate * access *Acknowledge=Admit=recognize express gratitude for；=notice=accept as legally binding and valid=accept (sb) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority-----The crown prince was ackownledged as the heir TO the throne *adapt to * addictive adjust *admit adversity=hardship misfortune affliction /hard knocks /Disaster tragedy grief evil= a stroke of ill fortune; a calamitous events-adverse=harmful inauspicious untoward contrary counteraggression=hostility violence invasion infringement-hostile=unfriendlyagreeableAidAllergic=Hypersensitive hypersensitizedhypersensitised Sensitized sensitisedsupersensitizedalter * alternativealtitude analyse * ancient * applicationapply to * appreciate * approach * approvearray=series of/ranging=clothes/thread/garmentan array of troops/books/emotions/fruit and vegetables artificial *Assess对人judgment对物calculate estimate=evaluate valuate value measure=tax* assign-assignment=任命职务，任务sb to a post=delegate designate depute *assign a task to children=give out/allot sthassociation attitude authority avoid *bacteria based on * be consistent with be liable tobe subject to bear beneficial * blightboundary budget burden calamitycalculate capacity catastrophic catercertify characteristic chronic=long-lasting suffering* civic cognitive coin ment munal反义individual词根mune公社munitymunalismmunalistmute=transpose=travel back and forth=exchange convert pare pensate plicateply with ponent prehend concealconcentrate concur confer confidentialconfuse conscious * conservative considerable constrain consult contemporary contingent controversial convention * co-operation co-ordinate correlation courtship crash credibilitycrisis criteria * criticism cuecurriculum * damp dazzle deadlinedeficiency delay delivery * demanding *democratic demographic dental depend on *depression derive * designate detaindetect * determine * devastate differdiminish disaster disclose disparate-disparitydisplay disrupt distinguish * distractdistribute diversity * documentation domaindomestic * donate dramatic droughtdue to * dynamics ecosystem elaborateelderly eliminate elusive emphasize *encyclopaedia endanger enormous * entrepreneurshipequal equator erode-perish腐蚀侵蚀* escapeestablished estate ethical伦理上的evenlyeventually evidence evolve exaggerate *Exceptional例外的异常的异议exchange * exclusive * exhaustedexperiment expert * expertise explicitExploit功勋；开发开采剥夺extend-extension extinct 灭绝的* extractextreme faculty famine feasiblefeature fertilise* financial * finitefitness focus on * foe敌人危害物formatfragile * freeze fulfill fund *fundamental * gene geo‘graphic giftedgrant graphic guarantee * habitathalt harbor hardship harmonise使和谐harsh hazard 危险冒险；冒...的危险hinder阻碍identify * ignore * imitate * immediate立即的直接的immunity免疫力豁免权，免除*impact impaired损害impressive in accordance with inaccurate inactive inappropriate incentive动机刺激；刺激的Induce引诱引起* indulge inevitable * infest骚扰感染扰乱inherit 继承；成为继承人* initial * initiate innate 先天的固有的与生俱来的installment integrate intelligence intenseinteraction interference干扰干预妨碍interior内部的interruptinvolve isolate * keen敏锐敏捷渴望热爱labellack landscape latitude纬度界限活动X围legal Legitimate合法的正当的合理的；使合法=legitimize legislate用立法规定，立法，制定法律legislation立法，法律* likelihood可能性limb分支枝干肢臂limitation *linguistic link log look-in迅速一瞥，顺便看望Lopsided=imbalanced倾向一方的不平衡的loss * magnetic=geomagnetic地磁的有磁性的，有吸引力的=charismatic，attractive* mainlyMalfunction=misfunction发生故障不起作用；故障失灵，疾病mammal manage to do manifestmanufacture 制造，制造业Marine船舶的海产的航海的，海运业，舰队水兵海军massive * matemeasure * mechanism机制原理途径，机械装置mental mercury水银，水星，温度表，精神元气Meteorological流星migrate military * minimise *modify * moisture水分湿度潮湿降雨量monitor moral Mortal凡人的终有一死的-immortal不朽的不死的motif主题动机主旨mould模具，浇筑用泥土覆盖，发霉nativeNocturnal夜间发生的-nocturne夜景夜曲夜景画Norm标准standard规Xnormal惯例pattern notoriety-notoriousnourishmentnutrient obey objective obligationobtain oddodour气味smell aroma scent声誉prestige offensiveofficial opportunity optimum最适宜的optimal option * ordinary organ original * other thanout of the question overe overtake paralyse使麻痹无力瘫痪Paramount最重要至高无上的=overriding推翻践踏不顾predominant predominate preponderant preponderating占据优势胜过压倒，最高统治者participate particular patient pattern peakperceive *peripheral外围的次要的神经末梢的，外部设备permit persuade pessimistic phasephysical plagiarise剽窃抄袭Plague瘟疫epidemic disease，pest灾难捣乱annoyance折磨使苦恼=harass hassle harry chivy使灾祸=blight破坏使枯萎plenty ofplot portable pose potential *poverty praise predict prefer to *Preferential优先的pressing primary * principalprinciple * priority private profit *Prohibit=forbid interdict proscribe disallowStem block dispute bar banprolong promote promptproperty * proportion * prosper provision规定条款，供给品=supply*purify qualify quantity *radical激进的extremist revolutionary根本的fundamental ultimate彻底的plete thorough ，根底stem root base原子团range rapid * rare raterather than * react realise * recognizeRecreation=entertainment amusement pleasure reduction refer to regulaterehearsal reject relevant reliancereligious reluctant=unwilling to-reluct对抗不同意rely on * remain *reproduce resemble * resistance responsiblerestrict * result from * retain *Revision=alternation=revise rescriptreviveRudimentary=fundamental underlying-rudiment ruin scenicsecrete * separate * setting settle *shade shift * signal similar *skepticism soarSolicitvt. 征求；招揽；请求；乞求begvi. 征求；招揽；恳求；请求sophisticate *specific * stable standard steerstem fromstride n. 大步；步幅；进展vt. 跨过；大踏步走过；跨坐在…vi. 跨；跨过；大步行走Make big stridessubdivide vi. 细分，再分vt. 把……再分，把……细分substancesubstitute * subtle sufficiency superiorsupersedeadj. 作废的；被取代的supplement suppressvt. 抑制refrain control subdue；镇压；oppress crush conquer废止inhibitSupremacy=dominationsurrounding * surveillance=observation supervision monitoring oversightsurvive * suspicious=mistrustful untrustingSustenance-sustain support survival foodswift =fast* symbol symptomSyntheticadj. 综合的~substance；合成的，人造的n. 合成物tension term thanks to *therapy threatthroughout=from first to lastTolln. 通行费；代价；钟声；伤亡人数vt. 征收；敲钟vi. 鸣钟；征税Toxic=poisnousTracevi. 追溯；沿路走vt. 追踪，查探；描绘；回溯n. 痕迹，踪迹；微量；[仪] 迹线；缰绳trackwordn. 轨道；足迹，踪迹；小道vt. 追踪；通过；循路而行；用纤拉vi. 追踪；走；留下足迹trait n. 特性，特点；品质；少许*Transcend=exceed surpass例句we have mon interests which transcend those differences. tremendoustriggervt. 引发，引起；触发tropicalUnbiased=just justical fairunderlie sth = base on sthunexpectedly * uniformunusual valuable vanish /fade awayVariation=change fluctuationvariety * versatile violent visiblevisual waste well-being witness.guixue.11 / 11。
雅思阅读考点词最重要444个词(刘洪波)
2.abstract3.accelerate*4.access*5.accumulate6.acknowledge*7.adapt to*8.addictive9.adjust*10.admit11.adversity12.aggression13.agreeable14.aid15.allergic16.alter*17.alternative18.altitude19.analyse*20.ancient*21.application22.apply to*23.appreciate*24.approach*25.approve26.array27.artificial*28.assess*29.assign30.association31.attempt32.attitude33.authority34.avoid*35.bacteria36.based on*37.be consistent with38.be liable to39.be subject to40.bear41.beneficial*42.blight43.boundary44.budget45.burden47.calculate48.capacity49.catastrophic50.cater51.certify52.characteristic53.chronic*54.civic55.cognitive56.coinmentmunalmuteparepensateplicateply with64.concentrateponentprehend67.conceal68.concur69.confer70.confidential71.confuse72.conscious*73.conservative74.considerable75.constrain76.consult77.controversial78.convention*79.contemporary80.co-operation81.correlation82.courtship83.criteria*84.crash85.crisis86.contingent87.co-ordinate88.credibility89.criticism90.cue92.curriculum*93.deficiency94.delay95.democratic96.depression97.dazzle98.deadline99.demographic 100.demanding 101.depend on 102.derive* 103.detain104.detect* 105.determine* 106.delivery* 107.dental108.designate 109.devastate 110.differ111.diminish 112.disaster 113.disclose 114.disparate 115.display 116.disrupt 117.diversity * 118.donate119.dynamics 120.eliminate 121.distinguish* 122.distract 123.distribute 124.diversity* 125.documentation 126.domain 127.domestic* 128.donate129.dramatic 130.drought 131.due to* 132.durable 133.dynamics 134.ecosystem 135.eliminate137.elusive138.drought139.elaborate 140.emphasize* 141.encyclopaedia 142.equal143.endanger 144.equator145.enormous* 146.entrepreneurship 147.erode*148.established 149.estate150.ethical151.escape152.evenly153.eventually 154.exceptional 155.experiment 156.evidence 157.evolve158.extend159.exclusive* 160.exaggerate* 161.exhausted 162.explicit163.exploit164.extreme165.exchange* 166.expert*167.extinct*168.extract169.expertise 170.extinct*171.explicit172.extract173.feature174.fitness175.fragile*176.faculty177.fertilise* 178.focus on* 179.format180.fragile182.freeze183.famine184.feasible185.financial*186.finite187.foe188.fulfill189.fund*190.fundamental* 191.gene192.grant193.habitat194.halt195.harsh196.graphic197.harbor198.hazard199.geographic 200.guarantee* 201.hardship202.gifted203.habitat204.harmonise205.hinder206.hypothesis207.ignore*208.impact209.imperative210.imitate*211.immediate212.identify*213.immunity* 214.impaired215.inactive216.indulge217.impressive218.in accordance with 219.inaccurate220.inappropriate 221.incentive222.induce*223.inevitable* 224.infest225.inherit*227.initiate 228.innate 229.installment 230.integrate 231.intelligence 232.intense 233.interaction 234.interference 235.interior 236.interrupt 237.involve 238.isolate* 239.keenbelckndscape 243.legitimate* 244.linguistic 245.lopsided 246.malfunction 247.manufacture ndscape 249.likelihood titude 251.legal252.limb253.link254.limitation* 255.log256.look-in 257.loss*258.magnetic* 259.mainly 260.malfunction 261.manufacture 262.mammal 263.manage to do 264.manifest 265.marine 266.massive* 267.mate268.measure* 269.mechanism 270.mental272.meteorological 273.modify*274.mortal275.migrate276.moistureitary*278.mimic279.monitor280.minimise*281.moral282.motif283.mould284.native285.nocturnal286.norm287.notoriety288.nourishment 289.nutrient290.obey291.objective292.obligation293.odd294.obtain295.odour296.offensive297.official298.opportunity 299.optimum300.option*301.ordinaryan303.original*304.other than305.out of the question 306.overcome307.overtake308.paralyse309.paramount 310.participate311.pattern312.permit313.physical314.peak315.optimum317.overtake 318.particular 319.perceive* 320.pessimistic 321.obligation 322.offensive 323.option* 324.other than 325.paralyse 326.patient 327.peripheral 328.persuade 329.plagiarise 330.portable 331.phase 332.plague 333.plenty of 334.plot 335.poverty 336.pose 337.potential 338.poverty 339.praise 340.predict 341.preferential 342.principle* 343.prohibit 344.property* 345.purify 346.pressing 347.primary 348.profit* 349.prohibit 350.priority 351.prolong 352.proportion* 353.qualify 354.rapid* 355.react 356.predict 357.primary* 358.private 359.promote 360.prosper361.quantity* 362.plenty of 363.potential* 364.prefer to* 365.principal 366.profit* 367.prompt 368.property* 369.prosper 370.provision* 371.purify 372.radical 373.range 374.rapid* 375.rare376.rate377.rather than* 378.react 379.realise* 380.recognize 381.recreation 382.reduction 383.refer to 384.regulate 385.rehearsal 386.reject 387.relevant 388.reliance 389.religious 390.reproduce 391.reluctant 392.rely on* 393.recognize 394.regulate 395.reliance 396.remain* 397.resemble* 398.resistance 399.responsible 400.restrict* 401.result from* 402.retain* 403.revision 404.revive 405.ruin406.scenic 407.secrete* 408.rudimentary 409.separate* 410.setting 411.settle* 412.shade 413.shift* 414.signal 415.similar* 416.skepticism 417.specific* 418.stem from 419.substitute* 420.supersede 421.surrounding* 422.sustenance 423.soar424.setting 425.signal 426.solicit 427.sophisticate* 428.stable 429.standard 430.steer431.stem from 432.stride 433.subdivide 434.substance 435.substitute* 436.subtle 437.sufficiency 438.superior 439.supersede 440.supplement 441.surveillance 442.suppress 443.survive* 444.supremacy 445.surrounding 446.swift* 447.symbol 448.synthetic 449.suspicious 450.sustenance-----WORD格式--可编辑--专业资料-----451.symptom452.tension453.term454.thanks to "455.therapy456.threat457.throughout458.toll459.toxic460.trace461.track462.trait*463.transcend464.transit465.transmit466.tremendous467.trigger468.tropical469.upset470.unbiased471.underlie472.unexpectedly*473.uniform474.unusual475.valuable476.vanish477.variation478.variety*479.visual480.vulnerable481.versatile482.vicinity483.violent484.visible485.waste486.well-being487.witness--完整版学习资料分享----。
(完整版)刘洪波雅思阅读同义词替换大全
Cambridge同义词替换大全(剑桥4-8)Cambridge4 TEST11.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v.2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5.change=modify(modification) 改变v.6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8.where=geographical location 表地点9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12.newspapers, television=media媒体n.13.where to live=habitat居住地n.14.get warmer=global warming变暖n.15.contribute to=play a part有助于v.16.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.22.mating=courtship交配.23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST21.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be theperson who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.munity=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do nogood=fall through失败v.10.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13.differ from=unusual与…不同v.14.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17.therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18.retrain=taking courses再教育v.19.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.plaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.26.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.27.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29.mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.30.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.32.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.34.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social classetc同伴n.35.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.37.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.38.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be morespecific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.41.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST31.quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writingbecause it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example ofsomething 例证v.3.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebodyinto=put somebody up to鼓励v.7.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.8.poverty= being poor贫穷n.9.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.10.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.11.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.12.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.13.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerfuletc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.16.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of theland, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.18.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.19.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.20.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.21.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in thefuture= final最终的，根本的adj.22.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛;大气n.23.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.24.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.25.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.26.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现v.27.emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.28.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.29.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.30.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.31.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.32.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that isconvenient 方便的adj.33.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查35.observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody'seye=perceive观察v.ment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论37.include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.38.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.39.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.40.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derivefrom/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST41.official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.2.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.3.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.4.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发5.recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.6.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short不足的adj.7.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=bederived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长v.8.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.10.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.11.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of theideas or practical experience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.13.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然n.14.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.15.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.17.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的18.field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on acomputer文件n.20.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.21.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n.22.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.pare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different fromeach other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.24.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.25.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.26.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.27.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn fromexperience意识到v.28.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29.produce=form=create=generate生产v.30.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v.31.liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.32.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.33.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used toshow approval持续的adj.34.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think thatsomeone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.35.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n.Cambridge5 TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2.central=middle中心的adj.3.did not have=without没有v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.6.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加7.assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.9.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.10.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.12.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.13.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点15.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.18.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.20.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremelyinteresting吸引，使着迷v.22.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.24.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.25.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by thebook/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.26.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.29.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.30.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between goodand evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.31.prior to=before=previous在…前面32.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.33.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.34.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.35.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.36.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38.surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.39.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.40.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.41.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.42.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that isstudied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.43.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.44.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.45.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.47.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.48.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering thefacts=instinct 直觉n.49.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.50.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.51.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.52.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a badresult=getting worse悲观的adj.54.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n.4.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.5.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.8.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.10.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12.resource=material=source资源，来源n.13.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.15.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.17.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.18.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.19.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.20.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.21.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.22.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.23.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.24.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.25.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.27.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.28.react=respond 反应v.29.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.31.distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to reportsomething in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v.32.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.33.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.34.emerge=appear=come forth出现v.35.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.36.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.37.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.38.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.39.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.40.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.Cambridge5 TEST31.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.6.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.11.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.13.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14.irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.15.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etcand form a solid layer 积淀n.16.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.17.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.19.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.20.construct=build=make=found 建造v.21.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v.22.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.23.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25.occur=happen=exist=come发生v.26.contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.itary=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.29.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.30.consciousness=awareness 意识n.31.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32.encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.33.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.34.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.unch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.36.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.38.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.39.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST4munity=organization=group=body团体n.2.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3.remote=distant 遥远的adj.4.require=desire=order=command要求v.5.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.6.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv.7.destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.9.operate=act=run运转v.10.output=product输出，产品n.11.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.13.revive=renaissance复兴v.14.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.15.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.18.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.20.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.22.speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.23.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.24.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.25.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.26.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.28.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30.encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.31.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾33.adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v.35.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.Cambridge6 TEST11.exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.2.expertise=skill 专门技术n.3.employ=analyze=study 使用v.4.investigation=analysis 调查n.5.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7.funded support=finance 资金n.8.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9.calculate=measure 计算v.10.event=championship 赛事n.11.plan=prepare=design 计划v.12.improve=grow=get better 进步v.13.trade=economy 贸易n.14.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18.delivery=export or import 运输n.19.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.21.shipping=freight 船运n.22.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.23.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.26.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.27.supply=provision=support 供给n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v.29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge 了解n.31.well-being=health 健康n.32.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.33.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37.present inhabitant=descendant 居民38.give up=abandon 放弃39.mainly=heavily=most 主要地40.visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST21.successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.mute=travel 通勤v.4.higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.5.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.7.together=face to face 共同8.refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.age=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12.limited=minimal 有限的adj.13.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15.related=associated 有关联的adj.16.suffer=be afflicted 忍受（病痛）v.17.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.20.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.23.reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.24.elderly people=old people 老人n.25.independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.26.regular=daily 定期的adj.27.exercise=physical activity 运动n.28.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29.decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32.restricted=limited 有限的adj.33.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35.early=older 早期的adj.36.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST31.teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2.actor=star 演员n.3.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5.globe=world 世界n.6.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8.describe=tell 描述v.9.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10.target=goal=aim 目标n.11.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12.match to=suit to 合适13.reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15.achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16.remuneration=payment 酬金n.17.tend to=prone to 倾向于18.feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.20.staff=employee=worker 员工n.21.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.22.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.23.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.24.job=work=assignment 工作n.25.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.26.growing old=ageing 变老27.people=mortal=people=individual 人n.28.life=lifespan 生命29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.30.production=generation=output 产量n.31.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.32.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33.short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.Cambridge6 TEST41.drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing 营销n.3.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.4.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.5.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.6.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.8.moral=ethical 道德的adj.9.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.10.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.11.adults=men and women 成人n.12.maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.cation=literacy=cultivation 教育n.14.child=infant=kid 孩子n.15.approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.16.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.17.programme=campaign=project 项目n.mon=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.19.be halved=decline by 50% 减半20.key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj.21.produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.22.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.23.on its own=alone 自身24.however=but=yet 但是25.self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.26.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.27.distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v.Cambridge7 TEST11.rely on=depend on 依靠v.2.avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免v.3.die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.4.hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.5.limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢n.。
刘洪波剑桥雅思阅读考点词真经
考点核心词abandon abstract accelerate * access * acknowledge *adapt to *addictive adjust * admit adversity aggression agreeable aid allergic alter *alternative altitude analyse *ancient *application apply to *appreciate *approach *approve array artificial *assess *assign association attitude authority avoid * bacteria based on *be consistent with be liable to be subject to bear beneficial *blight boundary budget burden calamity calculate capacity catastrophic cater certify characteristic chronic *civic cognitive coin comment communalcommute compare compensate complicate comply with component comprehend conceal concentrate concur confer confidential confuse conscious *conservative considerable constrain consult contemporary contingent controversial convention *co-operation co-ordinate correlation courtship crash credibility crisis criteria *criticism cue curriculum *damp dazzle deadline deficiency delay delivery *demanding * democratic demographic dental depend on * depression derive *designate detain detect *determine *devastate differ diminish disaster disclose disparatedisplay disrupt distinguish *distractdistribute diversity *documentation domain domestic *donate dramatic drought due to *dynamics ecosystem elaborate elderly eliminate elusive emphasize *encyclopaedia 百科全书endanger危及；使遭到危险enormous *庞大的，巨大的；凶暴的，极恶的entrepreneurship企业家精神equal平等的；相等的；胜任的equator赤道erode *腐蚀，侵蚀escape逃跑；逃亡；逃走；逃跑工具或方法；野生种；泄漏established确定的；已制定的，已建立的estate房地产；财产；身份ethical伦理的；道德的；凭处方出售的evenly均匀地；平衡地；平坦地；平等地eventually最后，终于evidence证据，证明；迹象；明显evolve发展，进展；进化；逐步形成exaggerate *使扩大；使增大exceptional?异常的，例外的exchange *交换；交流；交易所；兑换exclusive *独家新闻；独家经营的项目；排外者exhausted耗尽；用尽；使…精疲力尽experiment实验，试验；尝试expert *专家；行家；能手expertise专门知识；专门技术；专家的意见explicit?明确的；清楚的；直率的；详述的exploit?开发，开拓；剥削；开采extend延伸；扩大；推广；伸出；给予；使竭尽全力；对…估价extinct *?灭绝的，绝种的；熄灭的extract汁；摘录；榨出物；选粹extreme极端；末端；最大程度；极端的事物faculty科，系；能力；全体教员famine饥荒；饥饿，奇缺feasible可行的；可能的；可实行的feature?特色，特征；容貌；特写或专题节目fertilise *使受精；施肥于；使肥沃financial *金融的；财政的，财务的finite有限的；限定的fitness?健康；适当；适合性focus on *集中于foe敌人；反对者；危害物format格式；版式；开本fragile *?脆的；易碎的freeze冻结；凝固fulfill履行；实现；满足；使结束fund *?基金；资金；存款fundamental *基本原理；基本原则gene基因，遗传因子geographic地理的；地理学的gifted?有天赋的；有才华的grant授予；允许；承认graphic形象的；图表的；绘画似的guarantee *保证；担保；保证人；保证书；抵押品habitat栖息地，产地halt停止；立定；休息harbor海港；避难所hardship困苦；苦难；艰难险阻harmonise使和谐harsh严厉的；严酷的；刺耳的；粗糙的；刺目的hazard危险，冒险；冒险的事hinder阻碍；打扰identify *确定；鉴定；识别，辨认出；使参与；把…看成一样vi. 确定；认同；一致ignore *驳回诉讼；忽视；不理睬imitate *模仿，仿效；仿造，仿制immediate立即的；直接的；最接近的immunity *免疫力；豁免权；免除impact影响；效果；碰撞；冲击力impaired损害impressive感人的；令人钦佩的；给人以深刻印象的inaccordance with依照；与…一致inaccurate错误的inactive不活跃的；不活动的；怠惰的；闲置的inappropriate不适当的；不相称的incentive动机；刺激induce *诱导；引起；引诱；感应indulge沉溺；满足；放任inevitable *必然的，不可避免的infest骚扰；寄生于；大批出没；大批滋生inherit *继承；遗传initial *最初的；字initiate开始；新加innate?先天的；固有而得首的入者，接受初步知识者的；与生俱来的installment安装；分期付款；部分；就职integrate?一体化；集成体intelligence智力；情报工作；情报机关；理解力intense强烈的；紧张的；非常的；热情的interaction相互作用；[数] 交互作用interference干扰，冲突；干涉interior内部；本质interrupt中断；打断；插嘴；妨碍involve包含；牵涉；使陷于；潜心于isolate *使隔离；使孤立；使绝缘keen敏锐的，敏捷的；渴望的；强烈label标签；商标；签条lack缺乏；不足landscape风景；风景画；景色；山水画；乡村风景画；地形latitude纬度；界限；活动范围legal法律的；合法的；法定的legitimate *合法的；正当的；合理的；正统的likelihood可能性，可能limb?肢，臂；分支；枝干limitation *限制；限度；极限；追诉时效；有效期限；缺陷linguistic语言的；语言学的link链环，环节；联系，关系log?记录；航行日志；原木look-in?迅速一瞥；顺道看望；成功的机会lopsided?不平衡的，倾向一方的loss *减少；亏损；失败；遗失magnetic *地磁的；有磁性的；有吸引力的mainly主要地，大体上malfunction发生故障；不起作用mammal?哺乳动物manage todo挣扎做某事；设法完成某事manifest载货单，货单；旅客名单manufacture制造；产品；制造业marine?海运业；舰队；水兵；（海军）士兵或军官massive *?大量的；巨大的，厚重的；魁伟的mate助手，大副；配偶；同事；配对物measure *测量；措施；程度；尺寸mechanism机制；原理，途径；进程；机械装置；技巧mental精神的；脑力的；疯的mercury汞，水银meteorological气象的；气象学的migrate移动；随季节而移居；移往military *军事的；军人的；适于战争的minimise *使缩到最小；成极小；求最小值modify *修改，修饰；更改moisture水分；湿度；潮湿；降雨量monitor监视器；监听器；监控器；显示屏；班长moral?道德的；精神上的；品性端正的mortal人类，凡人motif主题；动机；主旨；图形；意念mould主题；动机；主旨；图形；意念native?本地人；土产；当地居民nocturnal夜的；夜曲的；夜间发生的norm规范，基准；定额，分配之工作量notoriety恶名；声名狼藉；丑名nourishment食物；营养品；滋养品nutrient obey objective obligation obtain odd odour offensive official opportunity optimum option * ordinary organ original *other than out of the question overcome overtake paralyse paramount participate particular patientpattern peak perceive *peripheral permit persuade pessimistic phase physical plagiarise plague plenty of plot portable pose potential * poverty praise predict prefer to * preferential pressing primary *principal principle *priority private profit *prohibit prolong promote prompt property *proportion *prosper provision *purify qualify quantity *radical range rapid *rare rate rather than *react realise *recognize recreation reduction refer to regulate rehearsal reject relevant reliance religious reluctant rely on *remain * reproduce resemble *resistance responsible restrict *result from *retain *revision revive rudimentary ruin scenic secrete *separate *setting settle * shade shift *signal similar * skepticism soar solicit sophisticate * specific *stable standard steer stem from stride subdivide substance substitute *subtle sufficiency superiorsupersede supplement suppress supremacy surrounding *surveillance survive *suspicious sustenance swift *symbol symptom synthetic tension term thanks to *therapy治疗，疗法threat威胁，恐吓；凶兆throughout贯穿，遍及toll征收；敲钟toxic有毒的；中毒的trace痕迹，踪迹；微量；[仪] 迹线；缰绳track轨道；足迹，踪迹；小道trait *特性，特点；品质；少许transcend胜过，超越tremendous?极大的，trigger扳机；[电子] tropical热带的；热情巨大的；惊人的触发器；制滑机的；酷热的unbiased公正的；无偏见的underlie成为……的基础；位于……之下unexpectedly *出乎意料地，意外地uniform制服unusual?不寻常的；与众不同的；不平常的valuable有价值的；贵重的；可估价的vanish?消失；突然不见；成为零variation?变化；[生物] 变异，变种variety *多样；种类；杂耍；变化，多样化versatile多才多艺的；通用的，万能的；多面手的violent暴力的；猛烈的visible?明显的；看得见的；现有的；可得到的visual视觉的，视力的；栩栩如生的waste浪费；废物；荒地；损耗；地面风化物well-being幸福；康乐witness证人；目击者；证据。
刘洪波阅读考点词539
剑桥雅思阅读考点词真经（剑 10 版） 致谢剑桥雅思阅读考点词首先感谢贵学教育阅读教师郭佳荣老师。
应我邀请他为《剑桥雅思 10》做出了 全部“真题考点词替换清单”和核心词挑选，收录在本书中。
郭佳荣老师的经历本身 有点传奇。
他是一名羽毛球教练，原来雅思阅读考试 5.0 分，使用阅读真经体系后阅 读迅速考到了 8.5。
然后他选择来贵学上课提高其它三项。
他在课余时间热心主动帮 助同学讲解阅读，以身说法传授真经。
后来累积经验一步步从贵学助教、辅导老师、 教师，最后成为贵学一线名师。
前言——写于 2015 年2012 年，贵学教育成立。
作为她诞生之礼，我以她之名出版了《剑桥雅思听力 考点词真经》和《剑桥雅思阅读考点词真经》，并同步公开了“雅思听力阅读考点词 理论”的部分研究论文。
当时，新浪教育、网易教育、搜狐教育和网易教育同步转载 了相关论文，引发了热议。
本书包含的《剑桥雅思 5》、《剑桥雅思 6》的“真题考点词替换清单”是由李 热议的意思就是有褒有贬。
批评者认为我蔑视了几十年传统英语考试培训累积的 各种技巧，一味强调同意替换；赞扬者则认为我开创了一个崭新的领域，教学理念领 先整个行业很多年。
悦老师应我邀请完成。
本书包含的《剑桥雅思 4》、《剑桥雅思 7》、《剑桥雅思 8》、《剑桥雅思 9》 的“真题考点词替换清单”是由我亲自解析完成。
当然，我的学生们都自称“贵粉儿”、“脑残粉”、“真经死忠粉”，他们第一 时间投入无比的热情开始研究听力阅读中的同意替换，开始背诵我提出的“考点词库”。
我对他们的“盲目崇拜”感动得更加努力工作。
在本书的编写过程中，赵小锐、刘畅、谭乐、刘娟、付晓楠、田杨、冯涛、成岩、 程玲、 李慧芳、刘素良、焦磊、柏立明、焦鸿增、曹爱丽、张靖娴、袁伟、李海静、 刘伟、杨志、贾玉梅、 李悦也参与了资料收集及部分编写工作，在此一并感谢。
无论外界纷扰，我心宁静依旧。
因为历史为证，《剑桥雅思听力考点词真经》和《剑 桥雅思阅读考点词真经》是中国英语培训史上讲解同意替换的第一批出版专著。
刘洪波 雅思阅读真经 内部讲义 上
Cambridge IELTS 9TEST 1READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.William Henry Perkin1 William Henry Perkin was born on March12, 1838, in London, England. As a boy, Perkin’s curiosity prompted early interests in the arts, sciences, photography, and engineering. But it was a chance stumbling upon a run-down, yet functional, laboratory in his late grandfather’s home that solidified the young man’s enthusiasm for chemistry.2As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution. Thos speeches fired the young chemist’s enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15.3At the time of Perkin’s enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the noted German chemist August Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkin’s scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann’s attention and, within two years, he became Hofmann’s youngest assistant. Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune.4At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment for malaria. The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856 demand for the drug was surpassing the available supply. Thus, When Hofmann made some passing comments about the desirability of a synthetic substitute for quinine, it was unsurprising that his star pupil was moved to take up the challenge.5During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his time in the laboratory on the attempting to manufacture quinine from aniline, an inexpensive and readily available coal tar waste product. Despite his best efforts, however, he did not end up with quinine. Instead, he produced a mysterious dark sludge. Luckily, Perkin’s scientific training and nature prompted him to investigate the substance further. Incorporating potassium dichromate and alcohol into the aniline at various stages of the experimental process, he finally produced a deep purple solution. And, proving the truth of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur’s words ‘chance favours only the prepared mind’, Perkin saw the potential of his unexpected find.6Historically, textile dyes were made from such natural sources as plants and animal excretions. Some of these, such as the glandular mucus of snails, were difficult to obtain and outrageously expensive. Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was once so costly that in society at the time only the rich could afford it. Further, natural dyes tended to be muddy in hue and fade quickly. It was against this backdrop that Perkin’s discovery was made.7Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to colour fabric, thus making it the world’s first synthetic dye. Realising the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no time in patenting it. But perhaps the most fascination of all Perkin’s reactions to his find was his nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial possibilities.8Perkin originally named his bye Tyrian Purple, but it later became commonly known as mauve (from the French for the plant used to make the colour violet). He asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that manufacturing the dye would be well worth it if the colour remained fast (i.e. Would not fade) and the cost was relatively low. So, over the fierce objections of his mentor Hofmann, he left college to give birth to the modern chemical industry.9 With the help of his father and brother, Perkin set up a factory not far from London. Utilising the cheap and plentiful coal tar that was an almost unlimited byproduct of London’s gas street lighting, the dye works began producing the world’s first synthetically dyed material in 1857. The company received a commercial boost from the Empress Eugenie of France, when she decided the new colour flattered her. Very soon, mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable, ladies in that country. Not to be outdone, England’s Queen Victoria also appeared in public wearing a mauve gown, thus making it all the rage in England as well. The dye was bold and fast, and the public clamoured for more. Perkin went back to the drawing board.10Although Perkin’s fame was achieved and fortune assured by his first discovery, the chemist continued his research. Among other dyes he developed and introduced were aniline rd (1859) and aniline black (1863) and, in the late 1860s, Perkin’s green. It is important to note that Perkin’s synthetic dye discoveries had outcomes far beyond the merely decorative. The dyes also became vital to medical research in many ways. For instance, they were used to stain previously invisible microbes and bacteria, allowing researchers to identify such bacilli as tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax. Artificial dyes continue to play a crucial role today. And, in what would have been particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria.Questions 1-7Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationF ALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1 Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin’s ability as a student of chemistry.2 Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry.3 Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant.4 Perkin was still young when he made the discovery that made him rich and famous.5 The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America.6 Perkin hoped to manufacture a drug from a coal tar waste product.7 Perkin was inspired by the discoveries of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur. Questions 8-13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.8 Before Perkin’s discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple associated?9 What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new bye had?10 What was the name finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented?11 What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own bye works?12 In what country did Perkin’s newly invented colour first become fashionable?13 According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using synthetic dyes?。
刘洪波雅思阅读考点词(可查询)
成为……的基础；位于…… 之下
[ʌndə'laɪ]
['vɜːsətaɪl] [vɪ'sɪnɪtɪ]
['vʌln(ə)rəb(ə)l]
adj. 基本的；初步的；退 化的；残遗的；未发展的
scenen. 场面；情景；景 象；事件
separate
setting
settle
shade
shift
signal
similar
skepticism=sceptici n. 怀疑；怀疑论；怀疑主
sm
义
soar
solicit
sophisticate
specific
[təʊl]
trans超过+scend→爬过去 →超越
[treɪs] [træk] [treɪt; treɪ] [træn'send; trɑːn-]
['trɪgə]
upset unbiased underlie unexpectedly uniform unusual valuable vanish variation variety versatile vicinity violent visible visual vulnerable waste well-being witness
['
vt. 认识到，明白
['rɪəlaɪz]
[rɪ'dʌkʃ(ə)n]
[rɪ'zemb(ə)l]
restrict
result from
起因于；由……造成
retain
revision
revive rudimentary ruin scenic secrete
刘洪波雅思阅读词汇总结
刘洪波雅思阅读词汇总结雅思阅读备考中我们需要积累大量的词汇，来关怀我们更好的理解〔文章〕内容。
今日我为大家预备的是刘洪波雅思阅读词汇，大家可以参考一下。
希望各位考生能找到适合自己的词汇〔记忆〔方法〕〕，关怀我们扩大词汇量。
刘洪波雅思阅读词汇〔总结〕atmosphere n. 大气, 气氛，空气, 风格, 情趣, 气压hydrosphere n. 水圈, 水界, 水气lithosphere n. 岩圈,地壳core n.中心，核心，精髓; 果心，果核; [地质学]地核; [计] 磁心vt.去(果)核，挖去…的果心; 提取岩芯(样品)mantle n. 斗篷, 覆罩之物, 罩子v. 罩住, 覆盖, 脸红crust n. 外壳,坚硬的外壳,面包皮vt. 盖以硬皮vi. 结硬皮magnetic adj. 有磁性的,有吸引力的,催眠术的gravity n. 地心引力,重力,严重,庄重,严峻plate n. 碟,盘,金属板,板块vt. 镀金,电镀,为...制印版,, 给...装钢板,用金属板固定drift n. 漂移,漂流物,观望,漂流,吹积物,趋势vi. 漂移,漂流,吹积vt. 使漂流,把...吹积crack vt.裂开，打开; (使…)开裂; 说(笑话); 开瓶vi.断裂，折断; 碎裂声，爆裂声; 镜子裂开了; 失去把握，衰退n.裂缝; 试图; 缝隙; (可听到响声的)重击adj.训练有素的; 技艺高超的; 优秀的; 一流的trigger vt. 引发，引起;触发vi. 松开扳柄n. 扳机;[电子] 触发器;制滑机flaw n. 缺点,裂纹,瑕疵,突然的狂风天气vi. 变得有缺陷vt. 使裂开interact vi. 相互作用,相互影响absorb v. 吸收,吸引...的留意,使全神贯注melt n. 熔化,熔化物vt. vi. 熔化,溶解, 软化, 渐渐混合thaw n. 融雪v. 使融解, 温柔dissolve vt. 消除,解散,使溶解,解决(问题),使沮丧vi. 消散,溶解, 解散, 液化,变得模糊n. 叠化画面release n. 释放, 让渡, 发行vt. 释放, 让与, 准予发表, 发射accumulate vt. 积聚,累加,积累vi. 累积decompose vi. vt. 分解vt. 腐烂volcano n. 火山erupt v. 爆发magma n. 岩浆，糊剂lava n. 熔岩, 火山岩tsunami n. 海啸tidal adj. 潮的, 有关潮水的hurricane n. 飓风,飓风般猛烈的东西adj. 有防风罩的tornado n. 飓风,旋风,龙卷风typhoon n. 台风earthquake n. 地震avalanche n. 雪崩glacier n. 冰河, 冰川fertile adj. 肥沃的,能繁殖的n. 多产,肥沃fertilizer n. 肥料barren adj. 不育的, 贫瘠的drought n. 干旱famine n. 饥荒, 极度缺乏flooding n. 泛滥, [医]产后出血adj. 泛滥的动词flood的如今分词形式arid adj. 枯燥的, 不毛的adj. 枯燥的，无趣的acid adj. 酸的n. 酸, 酸味物质ozone n. 臭氧, 新颖空气layer n.层，层次; 膜; [植]压条; 放置者，准备者vt.把…分层堆放; 借助压条法; 生根繁殖; 将(头发)剪成不同层次vi.形成或分成层次; [植]通过压条法而生根photosynthesis n. 光合作用greenhouse n. 温室, 暖房phenomenon n. 现象, 非凡的人或事物carbon n. 碳,灯芯,复写纸sulfur n. 硫vt. 用硫处理液化nitrogen n. 氮hydrogen n. 氢oxygen n. 氧,氧气dioxide n. 二氧化物pollutant n. 污染物质pollution n. 污染, 污染物toxic adj. 有毒的n. 有毒物质devastate vt. 毁坏,使震惊deteriorate vt. (使)恶化vi. (使)恶化, 瓦解, 衰退aggravate vt. 使...恶化,使...更严重vt. [口]激怒contaminate vt. 弄脏,污染erode vt. 腐蚀,侵蚀vi. 受到侵蚀degrade vt. 贬低;使……丢脸;使……降级;使……降解vi. 降级，降低;退化upgrade vt. 提高(上升,浓集,加强) n. 提高(上升,浓集,加强)recycle vt. 使再循环,再利用,再制vi. 循环n. 再循环conservation n. 保存, 防止流失, 守恒, 爱惜自然资源conversation n. 会话,谈话ecosystem n. 生态系统eco-friendly adj. 对生态环境友好的，不妨害生态环境的sediment n. 沉淀物deposit vt. 存放, 积累, 使沉淀vi. 沉淀n. 存款, 定金, 积累物petroleum n. 石油petrol n. 汽油gasoline n. 汽油fume n. 臭气, 烟, 激怒v. 熏, 冒烟smoke n. 烟, 无常的事物, 抽烟v. 吸烟, 以烟熏, 冒烟fog n. 雾, 朦胧, 喷雾, 迷惑vt. vi.以雾覆盖, 使模糊, 迷惑smog n. 烟雾solar adj. 太阳的,太阳能的lunar adj. 月亮的,阴历的,银的calendar n. 日历,月历,日程表vt. 进入日历radiation n. 辐射,放射线ultraviolet adj. 紫外线的n.紫外线thermodynamics n. 热力学extinction n.熄灭; 消灭，灭亡; 废除; [物]消光，自屏，衰减extinct adj. 灭亡的,熄灭的n. 消灭,熄灭catastrophe n. 大灾难,大祸,彻底失败disaster n. 灾难endanger vt. 危及，危害jeopardize vt. 危害,使受危困,使陷危地habitat n. (动植物的)产地,栖息地habit n. 习惯，习性;嗜好vt. 使穿衣deforestation n. 森林开伐, 滥伐森林desertification n. (土壤)荒漠化, 沙漠化dessert n. 甜食vegetation n. 植物,草木,(植物)生长vegetarian n. 素食者adj. 素食的log n. 记录,圆木,日志,计程仪vt. 伐木,切,记录,航行,度过(时间) vi. 采伐logo n. 图形,商标,标识语dune n. 沙丘dust-storm n. 尘暴, 大灰尘delta n. (河流的)三角洲granite n. 花岗岩;坚毅;冷酷无情clay n. 粘土,泥土mechanism n. 机制,原理，机械,机构,结构dump n. 垃圾场,堆放处vt. 丢弃,抛售,导出vi. 骤降,扔垃圾landfill n. 垃圾堆reclaim v. 开垦, 纠正, 收回circulation n. 流通,循环,发行量,消息传播precipitation n. 坠落, 沉淀, 凝聚; 冰雹evaporation n.蒸发(作用)meteorology n. 气象学, 气象状态Celsius adj. 摄氏的Fahrenheit adj. 华氏的n. 华氏温度计longitude n. 经度latitude n. 纬度，界限,自由选择权altitude n. 高度,海拔,高地attitude n. 看法, 看法, 姿态equator n. 赤道Arctic adj. 北极的,极寒的n. (首字母大写时)北极圈,北极地方Antarctic adj. 南极的n. 南极洲, 南极圈border n. 边缘vt. 作...之疆界,加边tropical adj. 热带的, 酷热的, 热带植物的temperate adj. 温顺的, 适度的, 有节制的mild adj. (烟、酒)味淡的,轻微的,温顺的,文雅的frigid adj. 寒冷的, 死板的，(指女性)性冷淡的freeze v. 冻结, 冷冻, 僵硬[计算机] 冻结irreversible adj. 不行逆转的inevitable adj. 不行避开的, 必定(发生)的feasible adj. 可行的,可能的viable adj. 能生存的,可行的,能居住的的opt vi. 选择,确定做某事option n.选择(的自由); 选项; 选择权; 选择能力vt.得到或获准进行选择; 调动球员prioritize vt. 把... 区分优先次序prior adj. 更重要的, 较早的, 在先的adv. 居先n. 小修道院院长; 大修道院副院长priority n. 优先权, 优先顺序, 优先attribute n. 属性, 特征; 标志, 象征vt. 归于, 属于雅思阅读真经总纲刘洪波编著内容笔记阅读分为四种题型1、单词题(最简洁：summary,流程图，填空，填句)2、〔句子〕题T/F和选择(中等难度：推断题和选择题)3、段落题Heading题(最难的，归纳中心思想)4、匹配题Matching题(有诀窍，并不难)前两种直拳，第3种还我秀丽拳，第4种面目全非掌无标题的文章很可能出标题题：末段+大意(把题干读一遍)!!雅思文章首段不是最重要段落，末段和第二段才是最重要的防盗版内容：Before群里去背单词During 助教讲部分内容After 模考如何提升阅读速度1扩大视距：把单词变为意群，不要默读2跳读和变速：重点读认识的单词，读得懂的读慢，读不懂的读快题干3类词汇假如任意打开一篇题干13道题不认识的有3个及以上，阅读词汇需补充三大类：主题词不认识没关系模板词如account /reference/ mention在阅读题干中就是“描述”之义，毫无意义，不需要去特别记(拿任何一本剑桥，把题干中全部不认识的词记下来) 考点词如resemble考点词真经很重要，要背3类关键词Keywords问题:正确读题方法确定要慢且2遍找到Keyword 解题，不用再读题干三大类：眼球级朴实级一般动词、名词、形容词规律关系词并列(重大考点)、转折、因果总纲标注法：(做真题时做这个工作)画出题干和原文全部对应之处(同义替换)要用此法做真题练习精细理解力句子题段落题匹配题为什么不要精读?而要〔快速阅读〕和对比阅读首先就要背考点词，才能敏感地找到同义替换按总纲标注法做文章填空题考察的不是空格而是空格前后的同义替换假如找不到替换，关键词的本行和上下行，找不认识的词。
刘洪波-雅思阅读真经(YY)
III. How to understand more “天下间的所有阅读考题只有一种命题方式，无论雅思托福、 四六级考研、GRE、GMAT。”
III. How to understand more
《剑桥雅思7》第25页第21题。 文章标题：Make every drop count 题型：TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN
IV. Secrets to Headings
V. Hot Topics 12/01/12 雪崩 Avalanche 12/09/06 吉尔伯特 和磁场 Magnetism
V. Hot Topics
12/02/04 奥运火炬 Olympic Torch
12/03/08 飓风 Hurricane
题目：Feeding increasing populations is possible due primarily to improved irrigation system.
原文：Food production has kept pace with soaring populations mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation systems that make possible the growth of 40% of the world’s food.
各种跟风
直接抄袭
VI. Coming Next
P.S. Tips for IETLS Candidates
Listening Reading Writing Speaking
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II. How to read faster 1. 物理疗法 NO SOUND
9月21日雅思阅读原题详解：abriefhistoryofchocolate
9月21日雅思阅读原题详解：A Brief History of Chocolate9月21日的雅思阅读考试考到了教主刘洪波老师编著的《雅思阅读真经5》中的两篇原文！分别是《A Brief History of Chocolate》和《From Novices to Experts》。
今天我们先来看第一篇《A Brief History of Chocolate》的详细解析~AWhen most of us hear the word chocolate, we picture a bar, a box of bonbons, or a bunny. The verb that comes to mind is probably “eat,” not “drink,” and the most apt adjective would seem to be “sweet.” But for about 90 percent of chocolate’s long history, it was strictly a beverage, and sugar didn’t have anything to do with it. “I often call chocolate the best-known food that nobody knows anything about,” said Alexandra Leaf, a selfdescribed “chocolate educator” who runs a business called Chocolate Tours of New York City. B The terminology can be a little confusing, but most experts these days use the term “cacao” to refer to the plant or its beans before processing, while the term “chocolate” refers to anything made from the beans, she explained. “Cocoa” generally refers to chocolate in a powdered form, although it can also be a British form of “cacao.” Etymo logists trace the origin of the word“chocolate” to the Aztec word “xocoatl,” which referred to a bitter drink brewed from cacao beans. The Latin name for the cacao tree, T h e o b r o m a c a c a o , means “food of the gods.”Word & Expression1. picture1) ① n.照片；图画；相片；描绘② v. 想象；描述；描写；设想My visits enabled me to build up a broad picture of the culture.参观游览使我对这个文化有了大致的了解。
刘洪波33篇范文雅思词汇真经 刘洪波说文解字系列
刘洪波33篇范文雅思词汇真经刘洪波说文解字系列内容提要早在xx年当我策划《雅思阅读真经》一书时就有个想法：如果能把课堂上讲解英语词汇时的各种亮点及记忆方法融入词汇表里边，大家在背记词汇时也就不会觉得枯燥乏味了。
背单词最重要的是坚持，而兴趣则是坚持下去的最好的原动力。
于是我邀请当时教授雅思词汇的大师曲冰同志参与《雅思阅读真经》的写作，并且每隔几个单词挑选出一个来，从词源、文化、实际应用等各个角度加入趣味的注释，希望大家能对英语单词学习产生一点兴趣。
事实证明这种说文解字背单词的方法是成功的。
xx年《雅思阅读真经》在全国各大图书销售网站上高居雅思类图书排行榜榜首，各地的许多英语培训机构把它作为指定教材，一版再版。
而我也清楚地认识到，这种独辟蹊径的单词注释方法是该书成功的重要原因之一。
当我和曲冰同志决定再一次合作，照此模式共同创作“说文解字背单词系列”书籍（包括《雅思词汇真经》、《托福词汇真经》、《四级词汇真经》）时，不幸的事情发生了：曲冰同时收到了牛津和剑桥的博士offer。
更不幸的是不久后她从剑桥打来电话，说什么正在闭关研究孔夫子和耶酥基督的异同，而且还thoroughly enjoy，红尘俗事不愿再管。
悲伤啊。
万般无奈，只好一个人在深夜里奋笔疾书。
我坚信付出总是有回报的。
终于有那么一天，英语培训界泰斗人物、北京新航道学校校长胡敏教授被我的黑眼圈所吸引，一番长谈后对本书的创作兴趣颇浓，提出了许多宝贵的写作建议。
之后更不时的从家里搜出一本本泛黄的英语书籍拿来供我参考。
对这些书我从来都是小心翼翼的，不敢用力翻动，怕损毁文物。
得到英语培训界奇才李传伟教授的详细指导也是本书之大幸。
李老时常在百忙之中抽空指点词汇的注释亮点，他在词汇学上的功力让人叹服。
李老本人精通七国语言，对拉丁文、希腊语、西班牙语、法语的领悟使他对英语词汇的把握进入了极高的一种境界。
据说李老在新航道学校考研英语的课堂上偶尔会把各种语言讲窜，同学们大跌眼镜之余纷纷高山仰止。
刘洪波第一二三类考点词 + 汇总(538个)
重要性考点词常考中⽂文词义雅思阅读真题命题⽅方式共20 + 34= 54个定义： 当雅思阅读⽂文章中只要出现该词，90%会被命题考查！不不同的真题中被反复考查多次， 超⾼高频考点词 背记：考⽣生请严格按下表中重要性排⾏行行顺序记忆20个考点词。
是的， 我的学⽣生雅思阅读， 第—个背的单词不不是 abandon, abdomen , abnormal, ⽽而是 resemble, 它在《剑桥雅思 9》《剑桥雅思10 》中⼜又被多次考到。
请同时记忆下表真题命题⽅方式中相对应的34个同义替换考点词加粗单词。
不不熟的单词请⼀一定查出标注， 同时建议思考相关反义词表达。
要求：滚⽠瓜烂熟。
1resemble v.像，与……相似like, look like, be similar to2recognize v.认出，识别；承认perceive, acknowledge, realize, appreciate, admit, identify, comprehend, understand, know3adjust v.调整，使适合change, modify, shift, alter4approach n.⽅方法method, way5fundamental adj.基本的，基础的rudimentary, preliminary, basic 6rely on依靠，依赖depend on7domestic adj.家庭的；国内的home, local, national8measure v.测量量calculate, asses, evaluate9trait n.特性，特征characteristic, feature, property 10coin v.创造first used, invent11artificial adj.仿造的synthetic, man-made12prompt v.促进，激起initiate, immediately13exchange v.交换share, apply A to B14underlie v.成为……基础based on, ground, root15ignore v.忽视，不不顾neglect, overlook, underestimate 16fertilizer n.化肥，肥料料chemical, toxic, unnatural17that*pron.那；那个this, it, they, those, these, such *指代是雅思阅读的重要考点18and*conj.和，⽽而且or, as well as, both...and, not only...but also..., other than, in addition, besides, on the one hand...on the other hand..., neither... nor... *并列列结构是雅思阅读的重要考点19rather than*⽽而⾮非，不不是but, yet, however, whereas, nonetheless, nevertheless, notwithstanding, although, though, instead *转折结构是雅思阅读的重要考点20thanks to*由于，幸亏stem from, derive, owing to, due to, according to, because of, on account of, as a result of, leading to, because, since, for, in that, as, therefore, hence *因果关系是雅思阅读的重要考点重要性排⾏行行考点词常考中⽂文词义雅思阅读真题命题⽅方式共100 + 72 = 172个定义：当雅思阅读⽂文章中只要出现该词，60%会被命题考查，不不同的真题中被考查过1次以上，重要考点词。
刘洪波 雅思阅读真经总纲 学习笔记
一、做题顺序1.看文章标题2.看文章后题型分布组合段落中心题和匹配题后做，先做细节题。
注意不同题型间交叉混合节题3.定位词（中心体和匹配题除外）画出题型中前两道题目中的定位词（1）特殊词汇：数字、大写、特殊符号、长相怪异词（2）朴素词汇：简单具体词（3）逻辑词汇：重要语法结构：并列、因果、转折对比4.回到原文阅读查找，边读边做5.匹配题出现，画出题型中所有题目定位词，打包记忆查找6.除匹配题型内部乱序外，其余题型内部大部分按顺序出题二、同义替换1.同义词替换手法同义词设计、双重反义词、对原文思想归纳总结三、填空题技巧1.选词填空完成摘要定位：题目给出位置若为第二种题型，对应1-3自然段最后一种题型，对应末尾1-3自然段首句中Keywords的定位空格前后单词，特别是动词和名词，特别注意这两块在原文中的同义词替换。
词性：n80% v10% a, ad, num10%注意：大多数顺序，有可能出现1-2倒序。
注意and并列结构，前后信息可调换。
一个summary题型会设置1-2难题空格答案可能需要变换原文单词的词性答案常是高难词或生词重点考察空格前后单词对原文中同义词理解。
2.从单词列表中选词填空完成摘要读懂3.原文选词填空完成句子4.原文选词回答问题Who找人名，where找地名，when找时间，how，why找due to，thanks to，based on，by等介词后名词，what找名词。
四、判断题1.方法(1)末题少驳斥，首题少NG（仅用于蒙题时使用）(2)放慢速度读懂题目(3)90%顺序，一次读两题记忆两道题的keywords(4)题目中出现only，all，most，first，比较级，最高级，比较结构morethan，数字，因果关系等，这些词是该题考点2.True命题规律（1）对原文一句话的同义替换（2）对原文相邻两个句子或同一自然段中上下文信息的归纳总结（3）对原文不同自然段中信息归纳总结3.False命题规律（1）反义词（2）关系型驳斥4.Not given命题规律（1）根据原文无法确定，或者题目描述是原文的一种可能性（2）题目陈述句中前或后的信息原文没有提及，大多是具体名词：（3）题目中描述的关系原文没有提及五、段落题1.最后做2.中心句对应法（1）自然段首句总结（2）自然段首句设问（3）举例前的观点句eg. Blablabla. For example, blablabla...（4）转折词所在句子（5）强调句型或有强调语气词所在的句子（6）起定义功能的句子（7）下一自然段首句六、匹配题1.句子信息与段落匹配（1）画出所有题目中的keywords，短暂记忆（2）看下一题型，记忆下一题型中题目keywords（3）回原文从首段开始阅读，阅读中优先做其他题型在该段落中的题目最后做该段落和句子信息匹配（4）只要某段落中有某题目中keywords的同义词出现，即可确认选择。
考点词538
雅思阅读考点词库
—引用于刘洪波《剑桥雅思阅读考点词真经》
538个雅思阅读考点词，分成了3类，进行了重要性排序。
如果考生熟知，对应
雅思阅读7分以上能力。
第1类考点词
共20+34=54个
定义：雅思阅读文章中只要出现该次词，90％会被命题考查！不同的真题中被反复考查多次，超高频考点词！
背记：考生请严格按下表中重要性排行顺序记忆20个考点词。
第一个背的阅读单词是resemble而不是abandon,它在《剑桥雅思9》和《剑桥雅思10》
中多次考到。
请同记忆下表真题命题方式中相对于的34个同义替换考点
词（彩色单词）。
不熟的单词请一定查出标注，同时建议思考相关反义词表
达。
要求：滚瓜烂熟
第二类考点词
共100+71=171个（注：这类词中考点词与近义词有重复，故实际为171个考点词。
）
定义：雅思阅读文章中只要出现该词，60％会被命题考查！不同的真题中被考查过一次以上重要考点词！
背记：考生请按下表中重要性排行顺序记忆100个考点词; 同时记忆真题命题方式中相对于的71个同意替换考点词（彩色单词）。
不熟的单词请一定
查出标注，同时建议思考相关反义词表达。
要求：熟记10遍以上。
第3类考点词(共256+57=313个)
定义：雅思阅读真题文章中被考查过的单词，它们都是雅思阅读考点词。
背记：这256个单词的重要性一致，因此没有按照重要性排序；同时记忆真题命题方式中相对应的57个同义替换考点词（彩色单词）。
不熟的单词请一定要查出标注，同时建议思考相关反义词表达。
要求：熟记5遍以上。