定语从句(介词+关系代词)练习

定语从句

1.as 的用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)

①如为限制性的，多用于the same …as ; the same as；such …as …; as many/much as；so …as等结构中。如：

※I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。

Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (关系代词as和指示代词same 连用, 在从句中用作表语, 先行词是same.)

②如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）

As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语)

=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作主语）

=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health .

PS：the same….as 与the same….that 的异同

Eg：this is the same tool as I used last time. (和…..同一类)

This is the same tool that I used last time （和…..同一个）

●as & which:

as & which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：

①位置的不同：

which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：

1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.

2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know.

或As you know, Jack is an honest man.

②先行词的不同：

as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；

which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。

He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行词是一个词）

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.

He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子）

He is an honest man, as is known to all.

He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent.

③as 一般译为"正如""就像"，"这一点" which 没有这个意思

as we all know；as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected; as we have imagined.

PS:当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：

Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。

These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy. 这些桌子是金属的，这使得这些桌子很重。

当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。如：

I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。

He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那样傻。

This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样

典型例题

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it

B. that

C. which

D. he

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. it

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

A. that

B. which

C. as

D. it

（1）as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

（2）as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B

介词加关系代词

介词+which（指物),不可省介词+whom （指人),不可省介词后不用who、that

把握“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用

介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。

如：That”s the reason for wh ich he was late for school. This is the book on which I spent 8 Yuan. 介词选择的三大规则：

1. 取决于从句中的谓语动词同介词的搭配。（V+ pre.）

如：He is the man whom I talked with this morning.

2. 取决于先行词同介词的常规搭配。

四组常考的搭配：1）extent degree （程度）同to 搭配

2）price(具体多少钱时与at; 若指价格方面与in 搭配) speed rate

同at搭配

3）field area aspect sphere （领域，方面）同in 搭配

例句：The field in which I studied in university is psychology.

4) basis ground foundation （基础）同on 搭配

2. 介词的位置

①一般情况下，介词放在关系代词which和whom之前，也可放在动词后。

②固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.常见的这类动词短语有:

Look for/after/forward to、care for、take care of、hear of/about/from, 等.