2019-2020学年七宝中学高三上英语摸底考

2019年七宝中学高三第一学期暑假作业检测考试时间：120分钟满分：150出卷人：封杏玉审卷人：汤晓燕I. Listening Comprehension 25%Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. She’s too sick to have any visitor. B. Her sister’s flight was canceled.C. Her sister has changed her plans.D. She picked up her sister last night.2. A. The library closes at five o’clock. B. She’ll get the things the man needs.C. Mary wants to go to the classroom too.D. There isn’t enough time to go to the classroom.3. A. Take less medicine each day. B. Visit him as often as possible.C. Have more stretching exercises.D. Try a new kind of headache medicine.4. A. The next bus leaves in 15 minutes.B. The man can go to the exhibition by bus.C. The man missed the subway train to the exhibition.D. The subway will arrive at the exhibition before 11:30.5. A. The cellphone cannot be repaired.B. The woman misunderstood what he said.C. He doesn’t know what’s wrong with the cellphone.D. The problem is different from what he thought it was.6. A. She wished she had gone to sleep earlier.B. She missed the beginning of the program.C. She fell asleep before the program ended.D. She was awakened in time to see the program.7. A. More copies of the letter are needed.B. It’s too late to apply for the university.C. The man should get a more recent reference letter.D. The principal is the best person to write the letter of reference.8. A. He wants to talk to Sally and Mark.B. The woman should not let out others’ secret.C. He will explain to the woman what happened.D. The woman s houldn’t get involved in the situation.9. A. He wants the woman to postpone the lecture.B. He hasn’t finished preparing for his lecture.C. He can’t explain the simple concepts of economics.D. He regularly gives lectures to high school students.10. A. Hire a tutor before the mid-term exam. B. Avoid making any mistake in the exam.C. Turning to the same tutor that she had.D. Work hard to catch up with others.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following lecture.11. A. Most canals were not wide enough for the boats.B. Other means of transportation became accessible.C. The boats were no longer considered fashionable.D. They learned the boats were bad for the environment.12. A. Some people get frustrated with their speed.B. They are mainly used for transportation.C. People can have easy access to them.D. A license is needed to operate them.13. A. The changing role of narrow boats.B. The uniqueness of the design of narrow boats.C. The importance of narrow boats in the 18th century.D. The reason why British people say hello to strangers.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To get new design ideas.B. To make furniture used in space.C. To take part in scientific training.D. To create an environment similar to Mars.15. A. It is operated by NASA.B. It offers people a taste of isolated life on Mars.C. It is used to train people for an educational purpose.D. It helps people to get used to living with limited resources.16. A. How to store things.B. How to think creatively.C. How to live in space.D. How to cut down the cost.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Profession. B. Manners. C. News reports. D. Psychology tests.18. A. By travelling worldwide. B. By testing the door holder.C. By dropping a pile of papers.D. By putting cups of coffee on a tray.19. A. 35. B. 55. C. 70. D. 90.20. A. She impressed the reporter with what she held in her hands.B. She helped the reporter even though her hands were full.C. She was looking for what she could do for others.D. She told the reporter a warm enough story.II. Grammar (1*10=10)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.***A new study shows that ___21____(good) your short-term memory, the faster you feel fed up and decide you’ve had enough. T he findings appear in the Journal of Consumer Research.Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box. “Something that was interesting to me is that some people get tired of things ___22___ very different rates. When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoying them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs.” The difference, the researchers supposed, might have to do with memories of past consumption.The researchers tested the memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then viewed a repeating series of three classic paintings…like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream…or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs…or three pieces of classical music. Throughout the test, the participants were asked to rate t heir experience on a scale of zero to ten. “We found that people with larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, which led to them ___23____(get) tired of the music or art more quickly. So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they’d experienced the music or art more often.” The findings suggest that marketers ___24___ cope with our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences. We could also trick ____25____ into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about it—it might help them have more fun.***Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live, we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple means of speech. If we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have conversations ___26____ we give information or opinions, receive news or comment and very likely have our views ____27____(challenge) by other members of society.Face-to face contact is by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication ____28___(become) one of the dominating factors of current society. Two things, above others, have caused the enormous growth of the communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has led to advances in printing, telecommunications, photography, radio and television. Secondly, speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications 29_____ ______ local news often takes a back seat to national news, which itself is often almost eclipsed (失去优势) by international news.No longer is the possession of information restricted to a wealthy minority. In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed fortunate, but today there are public libraries. Forty years ago, people used to go to the cinema, but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that _____30_____(channel) into millions of homes…..Vocabulary 10’Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.You're trying your best to enjoy an evening cookout, but a constant swarm of mosquitoes follows you from grill to poolside. The threat? A pierce to your skin, leaving behind an itchy red welt and possibly even a serious illness. As you swat madly at the pests, you notice that others seem completely unbothered. Could it be that mosquitoes prefer to bite some people over others?The short answer is yes. Mosquitoes do ___31___ blood-sucking preferences, say the experts. "One in 10 people are highly attractive to mosquitoes," reports Jerry Butler, PhD, professor emeritus at the University of Florida. But it's not dinner they're sucking out of you. Female mosquitoes -- males do not bite people -- need human blood to develop ___32___ eggs. And apparently, not just anyone's will do. Who Mosquitoes Like Best? Although researchers have yet to ___33___ what mosquitoes consider an ideal hunk (大块) of human flesh, the hunt is on. "There's a tremendous amount of research being conducted on what compounds and odors people exude that might be attractive to mosquitoes," says Joe Conlon, PhD, technical advisor to the American Mosquito Control Association. With 400 different compounds to examine, it's an extremely laborious process. "Researchers are just beginning to ___34____ the surface," he says.Scientists do know that genetics ____35____for an overwhelming 85% of our susceptibility to mosquito bites. They've also identified certain elements of our body chemistry that, when found in excess on the skin's surface, make mosquitoes swarm closer."People with high ____36____of steroids or cholesterol on their skin surface attract mosquitoes," Butler tells WebMD. That doesn't necessarily mean that mosquitoes prey on people with higher overall levels of cholesterol, Butler explains. These people simply may be more efficient at processing cholesterol, the byproducts of which remain on the skin's surface.Mosquitoes also __37___ people who produce excess amounts of certain acids, such as uric acid, explains entomologist John Edman, PhD, spokesman for the Entomological Society of America. These substances can trigger mosquitoes' sense of smell, luring them to land on ___38___victims.But the process of attraction begins long before the landing. Mosquitoes can smell their dinner from a(n) _____39___ distance of up to 50 meters, explains Edman. This doesn't bode well for people who emit large quantities of car bon dioxide…..Luckily, there are chemical-based mosquito repellents and the soybean oil-based repellent that can help to keep the bite at___40____.III. Reading comprehensionSection A Cloze: 15I recently met a Texan couple whose son was still in diapers. They were seeking to get him into a preschool that ___41___ a private preparatory school with a great record for college admissions.The couple were ambivalent (uncertain)about doing this. They were from immigrant and working-class backgrounds, and had thrived in public schools. In theory, they believed that all children should have an equal chance to succeed. But I ___42___ that if they got their son a spot in the preschool, they’d take it.It’s a familiar story. Psychologists, socio logists and journalists have spent over a decade critiquing（评论；评判）the habits of “helicopter parents” and their school____43___. They insist that hyper-parenting backfires —creating a generation of stressed-out kids who can’t ___44___ alone. Parents themselves alternate between feeling guilty, panicked and ridiculous.But a new research shows that in our unequal era, this kind of parenting brings life-changing benefits. According to the research, when inequality hit a low in the 1970s, there wasn’t tha t much of a gap between what someone earned with or without a college degree. Strict parenting ___45___ an era of “permissive parenting” — giving children lots of freedom with little oversight.In the 1980s, however, inequality increased sharply in Western countries, especially the United States, and the gap between white- and blue-collar pay widened. Permissive parenting was replaced by helicopter parenting. Middle- and upper-class parents who’d gone to public schools and spent evenings playing kickball in the neighborhood began elbowing their toddlers into fast-track preschools and spending evenings monitoring their homework and driving them to activities.American parents eventually increased their ___46____ caregiving by about 12 hours a week, compared with the 1970s.Not all the changes were rational. But___47___, the new parenting efforts seemed effective. When the researchers analyzed the 2012 PISA, an academic test of 15-year-olds around the world, along with reports from the teenagers and the ir parents about how they interact, they found that an “intensive parenting style” correlated with higher scores on the test.It’s not enough just to ___48___ over your kids, however. If you do it as an “authoritarian” parent —defined as someone who ___49___ directives, expects children to obey and sometimes hits those who don’t —you won’t get the full benefits.The most effective parents, according to the authors, are “authoritative.” They use reasoning to persuade kids to do things that are good for them. Instead of strict obedience, they emphasize ___50____, problem-solving and independence — skills that will help their offspring in future workplaces that we can’t even imagine yet.And they seem most successful at helping their kids achieve the holy grails(圣杯) of modern parenting: college and postgraduate degrees, which now have a huge financial payoff.The benefits aren’t just ___51____. In a British study, kids raised by authoritative parents reported better health and higher self-esteem. In the American study, they were less likely to use drugs, smoke or ___52____ alcohol.So why wouldn’t eve ryone just become a(n) ___53___ parent? Religious people, regardless of their income, are more likely to be authoritarian parents who expect obedience and believe in corporal punishment, the authors found.Working-class and poor parents might not have the leisure time to hover or the budget to pay for activities and expensive schools. And they may __54___ feel that they need to prepare their children for jobs in which rule-following matters more than debating skills. Those who can afford to helicopter are probably making things even more unequal for the next generation. Since there’s apparently no ___55___ to how much people will do for their kids, the prognosis for parenting doesn’t look good. Yet another reason to elect people who’ll make America more equa l: We grown-ups can finally stop doing homework.41.A. changes into B. feeds into C. turns into D. transforms into42.A. claimed B. doubted C. suspected D. questioned43.A. obsessions B. associations C. observations D. investigations44.A. mention B. action C. transition D. function45.A. objected to B. contributed to C. gave rise to D. gave way to46.A. hands-down B. hands-off C. hands-on D. hands-over47.A. for all the attention B. for the most part C. within defined areas D. under right supervision48.A. look B. hover C. take D. protect49.A. issues B. figures C. employs D. evaluates50.A. reliability B. probability C. regularity D. adaptability51.A. financial B. physical C. academic D. mental52.A. abuse B. refuse C. counter D. command53.A. permissive B. authoritative C. authoritarian D. helicopter54.A. neutrally B. formally C. rightly D. reluctantly55.A. link B. proof C. comparison D. limitSection B 22Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations —— UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience of living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India , Nepal, Bhutan, and China . But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials——including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes—— which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has founded ——the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project ——Turin has started a campaign to make such documents available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.56. Many scholars are making efforts to ______.A. promote global languagesB. rescue disappearing languagesC. search for language communitiesD. set up language research organizations.57. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to ?A. Having full records of the languagesB. Writing books on language teaching.C. Telling stories about language usersD. Living with the native speaker.58. What is Turin’s book based on?A. The cultural studiesB. The documents available at Yale.C. His language research in Bhutan.D. His personal experience in Nepal.59. Which of the following best describe Turin’s work?A. Write, sell and donate.B. Record, repair and reward.C. Collect, protect and reconnect.D. Design, experiment and report.(B)The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take.Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid. Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replace filter monthly or as needed.For central air conditioning systems and room air conditioners, look for the ENERGY STAR, the federal government’s symbol for en ergy efficiency. For central air, purchase the system with the highest possible Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. (SEER)Use energy efficient ceiling fans either alone or with air conditioning. Ceiling fans do a great job of circulating air. When used with air conditioning, fans allow you to raise the thermostat and cut costs. Ceiling fans cool people, not rooms, so before you leave, turn off the ceiling fan.Let a programmable thermostat “remember for you” to automatically adjust the indoor climate with your daily and weekend patterns to reduce cooling bills by up to 10 percent. You can come home to a comfortable house without wasting energy and creating pollution all day while you are at work.Try to make your home airtight enough to increase your comfort, make your home quieter and cleaner and reduce your cooling costs up to 20 percent.Cut your air conditioning load, and reduce pollution by planting leafy trees around your home and fixing reflective bricks on your roof.Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid heat build-up.Turn off everything not in use: lights, TVs, computers. And use fluorescent bulbs, which provide bright, warm light while using at least two-thirds less energy, producing 70 percent less heat and lastingup to 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs.Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than £65 per year.Carpool. The average U.S. commuter could save about £260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two other people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg-assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas.60. According to the passage, the thermostat is used to ________.A. make rooms quieterB. control room temperatureC. turn off the air conditionerD. reduce room air pollution61. We can conclude from the passage that the author probably discourages _________.A. planting leafy trees around your homeB. turning off the ceiling fan before you leave your houseC. keeping your south-facing windows open during the dayD. using fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs62. According to the passage, you can save fuel by _______.A. using energy-efficient ceiling fansB. sharing cars with others on workdaysC. turning off everything not in useD. reducing 10% of your car trips every year(C)Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.The problem is not just what happens after publication — scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research —attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.Reproducing other scientists’ analy ses or replicating their results has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of “me-too” derision(嘲笑) that would waste resources — but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, moveand change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost —even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious(伪造的) results, eaten by termites(白蚁).There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant.But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant (“positive”) but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励) structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions.63. What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet?A. Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication.D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.64. Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2?A. A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund.B. A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor’s advice.C. A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population.D. A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data.65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only.B. Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid.C. Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile.D. Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings.66. The purpose of this article is to ___________.A. argue that scientific research lacks efficiencyB. explain the result of a recent scientific studyC. introduce some recent progress in medical researchD. highlight the possible problems of research studiesSection C （8分）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.According to a new study just published in Psychological Science, any one person seen in a group just seems better looking than when viewed alone. The reason: human eyes average things out, and when it comes to faces, average is usually good._____67________ Facial analysis studies show the symmetry(对称) is almost always regarded as prettier that asymmetry and the most beautiful faces are the ones on which eyes are no more or less than a certain distance apart, and the forehead, chin, cheeks and other features take up no more than a certain share of the whole. It’s the reason that models may be gorgeous but can prove awfully difficult to tell apart.“Perhaps,” says psychological scientist Drew Walker of the University of California, San Diego, in a statement that accompanied the release of the study, “beautiful people are all alike, but every unattractive person is unattractive in their own ways.”To test how that plays out in a group setting, Walker and his UCSD collaborator, psychological scientist Edward Vul, recruited 130 undergraduate students and showed them pictures of 100 different men and women. _______68_______ Other times they were cut out to show just one face at a time. Still other times, the faces were taken out of context and arranged on a simple grid (网格) of either four, nine or 16 faces.Consistently, the researchers found, the sole shots were regarded as less attractive than the faces viewed in a group—whether in a real setting or on the grid. This was true regardless of the gender of the subjects and regardless of whether they would broadly be described as following most definitions of attractiveness or unattractiveness. ___________69_________The explanation for the phenomenon, they believe, is the averaging effect and how it works. ______70__________ “Individuals with complementary features—one person with narrow eyes and one person with wide eyes—would enjoy a greater boost in attractiveness when seen together, as compared to groups composed of individuals who have similar features,” Walker and Vul write.VI: Summary (10’)Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then write an English summary within 60 words in your own words according to the passage given below.“Parents today want their kids spending time on things that can bring them success, but i ronically, we’ve stopped doing one thing that’s actually been a proven predictor of success—and that’s household chores.” says Richard Rende, a developmental psychologist in Paradise Valley, Ariz., and co-author of the forthcoming book “raising Can-Do Kids”. Decades of studies show the benefits of chores--academically, emotionally and professionally.Giving children household chores at an early age helps to build a lasting sense of mastery, responsibility and independence, according to research by Marty Rossmann, professor at the University of Minnesota. In 2002, Dr. Rossmann analyzed data from a longitudinal(纵向的) study that followed 84 children across four periods in their lives--in preschool around ages 10 and 15, and in their mid-20s. She found that young adults who began chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely to have good relationships with family and friends and to achieve academic and early career success and to be self-sufficient, as compared with those who didn’t have chores or who started them as te ens.。