语法英语第十章-非谓语动词

叫（告诉）某人 ask / tell (told ) sb (not ) to do
开始
begin( began ) / start to do
决定
decide to do
设法
try to do
记得（忘记） remember / forget (forgot ) to do
希望
hope to do
计划
plan to do
Eg. I would like to help you .
He asked us not to talk in class.
I hope to see you again .
Don’t forget to bring your book here.
（四）特殊疑问词+ to do ( why 除外) eg. I don’t know where to go (该去哪里)
考纲要求
1. 掌握动词不定式、分词、动名词在句子中 充当的各种成分。
2. 了解现在分词和过去分词的区别，现在分 词作表语和现在进行时的区别，过去分词 作表语和被动语态的区别。
非谓语动词
动词不定式 动名词 分词
不定式
一、 动词不定式 （两个动词之间用“to”连接）
（一）构成： to ＋ 动词原形 （二）用法： １．做主语 To learn a foreign language is not easy .
（六） 省略to的动词不定式：
（1）情态动词（除ought外）。 （2）使役动词let, have, make等。 （3）感官动词see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。 注：在被动语态中to不能省略。 如：I saw him dance. 我看见他在跳舞。 He was seen to dance. 他跳舞被人看见了。 （4）would rather， had better。 （5）Why...？/Why not...？ （6）help可带to，也可不带to, help sb. （to） do sth.。 （7）but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的 动词用不带to的动词不定式。 （8）由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去 。
（七） 固定句型 ( it ……… to do) 1.是干…的时候了 It’s time for sb to do sth
= It’s time for sb for sth It’s time for us to have lunch = it’s time for us for lunch 2. 花某人时间干某事 It takes (took )sb time to do sth
difficult, hard, It’s + easy,possible
impossible，
important
+ for + sb. + to do sth.
e.g It is hard __fo__r _ you tHale Waihona Puke Baidu do it well .
It is kind ___o_f __ you to help me.
We found it important to study English well .
clever,wise, kind, good, right, nice It’s + wrong, bad, cruel silly, stupid, foolish ，careful, careless
+ of + sb. + to do sth.
= It’s not easy to learn a foreign language . ２．做宾语
They all wanted to see you yesterday. ３．做宾语补足语 He wants you to call him back.
I found it important to learn. ４．做定语
动名词
二、 动名词
（一）构成： doing （二）用法： １．做主语 Fighting broke out between
the South and the North. ２．做宾语 某些动词、动词词组和形容词后面要跟动名 词作宾语,如:admit, advise, allow, avoid, consider,
Can you tell me how to do it = what to do
We don’t know which book to choose .
（五）用作介词的to。 to有两种用法：“不定式+动词原形”和“介词+名词/动名
词”，to在下面的用法中是第二种，即“to+名词/动名 词”：admit to(承认)， confess to(承认)， be accustomed to(习惯于)， be/get used to(习惯于)， stick to(坚持)，turn to(开始，着手)， devote oneself to(献身于)， look forward to(盼望)， pay attention to(注意)， object to(反对)等。 如：We look forward to seeing him soon. 我们盼望 不久后可以见到他。
It takes him an hour to do homework every day.
It will take us half a day to get there tomorrow. 3. 做….怎么样?
It is + 形容词 + to do sth
It is important for us to study English well. sb find( found ) it + 形容词 + to do sth
I want to go to the shop to buy something . ５．做状语
They ran over to welcome us. 6. 做表语
My job is to teach him English.
（三） 动词后面＋to ，常用的词有：
想／乐意
want / would like to do