重庆大学考博英语试题解析

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2022年重庆大学英语考试真题卷精选全文

精选全文完整版（可编辑修改）2022年重庆大学英语考试真题卷（本卷共分为2大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。

）单位：姓名：考号：一、单项选择题（共48题，每题2分。

每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）1.What does "He wisely refused to spend his money" meanA．It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money.B．He refused to spend his money in a wise manner.C．He was short of money and didn't want to buy anything.D．He refused, in a wise manner, to spend his money.2.The following are all correct responses to "Who told the news to the teacher " EXCEPT ______ .A．Jim did this.B．Jim did so.C．Jim did that.D．Jim did.3.Quality is ______ counts most.A．whichB．thatC．whatD．where4.In his plays Shakespeare ______ his characters live through their language.A．would makeB．had madeC．madeD．makes5.The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ______ the size of St. Peter's in Rome.A．/B．that ofC．which isD．of6.Which of the following sentences expresses "probability"A．You must leave immediately.B．You must be feeling rather tired.C．You must be here by eight o'clock.D．You must complete the reading assignment on time.7.When he first started in university, he really felt at ______ with his major--economics.A．shoreB．bankC．oceanD．sea8.On the road motorists should be aware of cyclists and be ______ towards them.A．considerableB．consideringC．considerateD．considered9.The company has capitalized ______ the error of judgment made by its business competitor.A．inB．overC．withD．on10.Sally was a bit shy, but the teacher found her quite ______ discussinga recent film with others.A．at homeB．at mostC．at houseD．at heart11.Tim has failed three courses this semester, so he will have to ______ them next semester.A．remakeB．repeatC．reapplyD．revise12.Keep this reference book; it may come in ______ one day.A．handyB．usefulC．convenientD．helpful13.The questions that the speaker raised were well ______ the average adult.A．pastB．onC．beyondD．through14.Teachers in this school were encouraged to use drama as a(n) ______ of learning.A．designB．instrumentC．agencyD．tool15.First, we need to find out what his scheme is, and then act ______ . A．sensitivelyB．imaginativelyC．efficientlyD．accordingly16.At first Jim was not quite clear what he was going to do after university, but now he seems ______ on becoming a computer programmer. A．fitB．setC．disposedD．decided17.When invited to talk about his achievements, he refused to blow his own ______ and declined to speak at the meeting.A．trumpetB．whistleC．bugleD．flute18.In spite of the treatment, the pain in his leg grew in ______ . A．gravityB．extentC．intensityD．amount19.Bus services between Town Centre and Newton Housing Estate will be ______ until the motorway is repaired.A．discontinuedB．suspendedC．haltedD．ceased20.The moon, being much nearer to the Earth than the Sun, is the ______ cause of the tides.A．principalB．basicC．initialD．elementary21.Teddy came to my ______ with a cheque of ＄ 200 to pay my room rate, after I phoned him that my wallet had been stolen.A．attendanceB．assistanceC．rescueD．safety22.The police have asked that ______ who saw the accident should get in touch with them.A．somebodyB．oneC．anyoneD．someone23.I'd sooner you ______ deliver the sofa tomorrow.A．didn'tB．shouldn'tC．wouldn'tD．mustn't24.When he finally emerged from the cave after 30 days, John was ______ pale.A．enormouslyB．startlinglyC．uniquelyD．dramatically25.______ ghost exists in the world. That's your illusion.A．No such a thing asB．No such a thing as aC．No such thing as aD．No such thing as26.______ allowing for his age, he still acts very immaturely.A．ButB．YetC．AlthoughD．Even27.He promised to return the book the next day without ______ .A．failB．defaultC．troubleD．failure28.By cutting down trees we ______ the natural habitat of birds and animals.A．damageB．injureC．hurtD．harm29.The government is doing a ______ of people's changing social habits. A．planB．surveyC．projectD．research30.Although he was on a diet, the food ______ him enormously. A．inspiredB．temptedC．overcameD．encouraged31.The title of the book was on the ______ of my tongue, but I just could not think of it.A．endB．tipC．backD．point32.If you want this pain killer, you'll have to ask the doctor for a ______ . A．receiptB．recipeC．subscriptionD．prescription33.Fred has ______ kind of humour that can only be appreciated by those willing to search beneath the surface.A．an obviousB．a hiddenC．a subtleD．a controlled34.A thorough check of the accounts has revealed ______ a tax evader. A．him beingB．him to beC．that he beD．that he had been35.Mrs. Smith is afraid that she and her husband don't see ______ on New Year's resolutions.A．face to faceB．eye to eyeC．hand to handD．heart to heart36.______ of the department, I would like to thank Mr. Jones for his stimulating lecture.A．On behalfB．On accountC．In personD．Instead37.Fewer and fewer of today's workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, ______ the same company.A．all elseB．much worseC．less likelyD．let alone38.The ______ in David's character has hindered him from advancing in his career.A．weaknessB．shortcomingC．demeritD．defect39.______ I realised the consequences, I would never have done that. A．UnlessB．IfC．WhenD．Had40.Flag Day is a legal holiday only in the state of Pennsylvania, ______ Betsy Ross sewed the first American flag.A．whichB．whereC．thatD．has41.She said she wouldn't call us the next day, ______sheA．wouldB．wouldn'tC．didD．didn't42.They bought the land with a ______ to building a new office block. A．purposeB．reasonC．viewD．goal43.Maggie tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear______ it when she was trying to get some sleep.A．soundingB．hummingC．tickingD．ringing44.His argument does not ______ up to close scrutiny.A．holdB．standC．comeD．look45.Be careful with John; I think he has ______ motives for being so generous.A．ultimateB．ulteriorC．interiorD．hidden46.The vast majority of people in any given culture will ______ to established standards of that culture.A．confineB．conformC．confrontD．confirm47.It's a shame ______ able to give them any advice.A．not to have beenB．to have not beenC．to have been notD．to not have been48.They ______ so tired if they ______ for a whole day.A．wouldn't feel ... didn't walkB．wouldn't feel ... weren't walkingC．wouldn't be feeling ... weren't walkingD．wouldn't be feeling ... hadn't been walking二、多项选择题（共48题，每题2分。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷3

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题On entering the room, he（）his eyes round it but saw nothing strange.问题1选项A.jerkedB.flungC.tossedD.cast【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。

A选项jerk“猛拉”；B选项fling“掷，抛”；C选项toss“抛，投”；D 选项cast“投掷”。

选项B，C，D都要投掷的意思，但只有选项D能与后面的round搭配使用，cast round意为“寻找”，句意：一进房间，他就环视四周（寻找），但没有发现什么奇怪的东西。

选项D符合句意。

2.单选题Over 350 million people speak English as their（）language.问题1选项A.nativeB.motherC.femaleD.national【答案】B【解析】考查固定用法。

native language意为“本地语言”；mother language意为“母语”，符合句意。

C选项female“女性的”；D选项national“国家的”均不符合句意。

3.单选题The most successful way to solve the language problem while a foreign play is being performed is（）translation.问题1选项A.homogeneousB.simultaneousC.instantaneousD.spontaneous【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。

A选项homogeneous“均匀的，同质的”；B选项simultaneous“同时的”；C选项instantaneous“瞬间的”；D选项spontaneous“自发的，无意识的”。

句意：解决外交活4.翻译题Translate the following sentences into English第二条：专利法所称发明，是指对产品、方法或者其改进所提出的新的技术方案。

重庆大学研究生英语试卷2014.01mqtB试卷及答案

重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷(B 类)2013~2014 学年第一学期（秋）开课学院：课程编号：考试日期： 2014.1.9考试方式：考试时间： 120 分钟题一硕士生B 类答题纸英语班次：_______________ Answer SheetPart I. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points, 1-10 20points; 11-20 20points)1. ( )2. ( )3. ( )4. ( )5. ( )6. ( )7. ( )8. ( )9. ( ) 10. ( )11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( )16.( ) 17.( ) 18.( )19..( ) 20.( )Part II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )Part IV . Writing ( 20 points)(请写在背面，Please write your composition on the reverse side.)命题（组题）人：李雁审题人：黄萍命题时间：2013.12研究生院制学院专业（领域）类别（学术、专业）学号姓名封线密重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷2013～2014 学年第一学期硕士生B类Part I: Reading Comprehension 40%Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneWe might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person‟s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person‟s true ability and aptitude.As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesn‟t matter that you weren‟t feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that don‟t count: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of …drop-outs‟:young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge‟s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner‟s. There must sure ly be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person‟s true abilities. Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: …I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.‟1. The main idea of this passage isA. examinations exert a pernicious influence on education.B. examinations are ineffective.C. examinations are profitable for institutions.D. examinations are a burden on students.2. The author‟s attitude toward examinations isA. detestable.B. approval.C. critical.D. indifferent.3. The fate of students is decided byA. education.B. institutions.C. examinations.D. students themselves.4. According to the author, the most important of a good education isA. to encourage students to read widely.B. to train students to think on their own.C. to teach students how to tackle exams.D. to master his fate.5. Why does the author mention court?A. Give an example.B. For comparison.C. It shows the result of court is more effective.D. It shows that teachers‟ evolutions depend on the results ofexaminations.Passage TwoPop stars today enjoy a style of living which was once the prerogative only of Royalty．Wherever they go, people turn out in their thousands to greet them．The crowds go wild trying to catch a brief glimpse of their smiling, colorfully dressed idols. The stars are transported in their chauffeur driven Rolls-Royces, private helicopters or executive aeroplanes．They are surrounded by a permanent entourage of managers, press agents and bodyguards．Photographs of them appear regularly in the press and all their comings and goings are reported, for, like Royalty, pop stars are news．If they enjoy many of the privileges of Royalty, they certainly share many of the inconveniences as well．It is dangerous for them to make unscheduled appearances in public．They must be constantly shielded from the adoring crowds which idolize them．They are no longer private individuals, but public property．The financial rewards they receive for this sacrifice cannot be calculated, for their rates of pay are astronomical．And why not? Society has always rewarded its top entertainers lavishly．The great days of Hollywood have become legendary: famous stars enjoyed fame, wealth and adulation on an unprecedented scale．By today‟s standards, the excesses of Hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular．A single gramophone record nowadays may earn much more in royalties than the films of the past ever did．The competition for the title … Top of the Pops‟ is fierce, but the rewards are truly colossal．It is only right that the stars should be paid in this way．Don‟t the top men in industry earn enormous salaries for the services they perform to their companies and their countries? Pop stars earn vast sums in foreign currency –often more than large industrial concerns –and the taxman can only be grateful fro their massive annual contributions to the exchequer．So who would begrudge them their rewards?It‟s all very well for people in humdrum jobs to moan about the successes and rewards of others．People who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg．For every famous star, there are hundreds of others struggling to earn a living．A man working in a steady job and looking forward to a pension at the end of it has no right to expect very high rewards．He has chosen security and peace of mind, so there will always be a limit to what he can earn．But a man who attempts to become a star is taking enormous risks．He knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors ever get to the very top．He knows that years of concentrated effort may be rewarded with complete failure．But he knows, too, that the rewards for success are very high indeed: they are the recompense for the huge risks involved and if he achieves them, he has certainly earned them．That‟s the essence of private enterprise．6. The sentence “Pop stars‟ style of living was once the prerogative only of Royalty" means ___________A. their life was as luxurious as that of royalty．B. They enjoy what once only belonged to the royalty．C. They are rather rich．D. Their way of living was the same as that of the royalty．7. What is the author‟s attitude toward top stars‟ high income?A. Approval．B. Disapproval．C. Ironical．D. Critical．8. It can be inferred from the passage ___________A. people are blind in idolizing stars．B. successful Pop stars give great entertainment．C. there exists fierce competition in climbing to the top．D. the taxes they have paid are great．9. What can we learn from the passage?A. Successful man should get high-income repayment．B. Pop stars made great contribution to a country．C. Pop stars can enjoy the life of royalty．D. Successful men represent the tip of the iceberg．10. Which paragraph covers the main idea?A. The first．B. The second．C. The third．D. The fourth．Passage ThreeDay-dreaming is generally viewed as an impractical, wasteful activity: one should be doing something useful, not just sitting or walking around with …one‟s head in the clouds. But rather than being of little worth, the capacity to fantasize is a priceless skill, a thoroughly useful tool, a tool for all seasons.Day-dreaming is an essential ingredient in most, if not all, creative processes. In the pursuit of innovation and development, many organizations have been try ing over recent years …to capture theday-dreaming process‟ by formalizing and institutionalizing the processin creative seminars. Workshops where employees sit around …brainstorming‟ and …being creative‟ are now mushrooming. But do they work? To a certain extent they can, but not always. There are instances of outside consultants setting up brainstorming sessions for companies where the chairperson or director gives his or her ideas first. In doing so, they set the parameters as no one wants to contradict or overrule the boss. True brainstorming, like true daydreaming, however, knows no boundaries, no hierarchies and no fears. The intention is not to disparage such activities, but they are too over-controlled and do not even mimic the environment needed to day-dream and create. But they do show how the creative force, so frequently despised before, is creeping into the mainstream, even if in a contained manner. Very contained, in fact.So where to begin? Day-dreaming or fantasizing is discouraged in children, so that by the time they are adults it has been completely removed. While one would not want to have all children sitting around in a kind of hypothyroidic haze of daydreaming bliss, those most naturally inclined to it should be given space to dream and their ability nurtured. Creativity comes out of the unusual and needs space, in fact lots of space, to develop. Yet, life is based on mediocrity and so society demands that creative flair be knocked out of someone when they are young so that they can conform.As adults, then, it is by and large more difficult to day-dream in general. The limitations have been set by others early on and by subtle reminders to keep people in place. Individuals in danger of deviating from the norm are kept in their place by a permanent flow of seemingly innocent comments designed to induce conformity (…I don‟t like that.‟ …That won‟t work.‟ quite often delivered subconsciously. Fortunately, the die-hard day- dreamers/creators manage to struggle through.Dreaming spotsFor some of us, coffee shops, pubs or public places where people are moving around are ideal spots for day-dreaming. Or, indeed, somewhere where there is running water, by a river or stream. The constantmovement seems to stimulate thought and ideas in a way that perhaps alibrary or the solitude of a study does not. It may not be possible to hone the finished text sitting around in a noisy cafe, but the challenge of holding together thoughts against adversity, as it were, is a great galvanizing force.In the peace of one‟s home there are even more distractions, like the TV and the phone. People who are not familiar with the creative process may find it hard to accept that places like coffee bars are a source of stimulation. But why certain places and things motivate the creative individual and others do not is difficult to fathom.Is day-dreaming an innate ability or something that can be taught? While I personally am prepared to accept that inheritance of ability does play a significant role in the process, I am more inclined to the idea that the environment, and perhaps chance, play a much greater role. It is said that genius is 10 per cent inspiration and 90 per cent perspiration. The coffee shop experience bears this out: a place of turmoil to engender the ideas and then back to the nest to flesh them out. The 90 per cent is a notional figure. If one looks at the work of the great inventors and artists past or present, one can see that more than 90 per cent of perspiration, as it were, went into the execution of their work.Questions 11-15Do the statements below reflect the opinion of the writer in the Reading Passage above?In item11-15 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement reflects the writer's opinionNO if the statement contradicts t he writer’s opinionNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about thisExample AnswerPeople think day-dreaming is a wasteful activity. Yes anizations should be legally bound to institutionalize day-dreamingprocesses.12.In the day-dreaming process there are no limitations.13.Most children should be given space to day-dream.14.Young people need to have creative flair knocked out of them.15.It is good that some day-dreamers survive the process of conformity. Questions 16-20Below is a summary of the second part of Reading Passage above. Using information from the passage, complete the summary .Choose ONE WORD from the passage to complete each space.Write your answers in item 16-20 on your answer sheet.Part II. Translation from English to Chinese 20% Directions:Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Many people, in the modern as much as in the ancient world, find it natural to say that a happy life is one in which you are successful; the happy person will be, typically, the rich, secure person who has achieved something in life. It sounds odd, indeed perverse, to say that someone could be happy, could be living a life you admire and try to emulate, if he or she turned out to be rejected and unsuccessful. But Plato was influenced by the example of Socrates, who gave up worldly success for philosophy, and who ended up condemned as a criminal and executed-yet who clearly seemed to Plato to have lived an admirable life. And so, most people must be wrong about how to achieve a happy life.Part III. Translation from Chinese into English 20% Directions: Put the following Chinese into English. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.电子邮件对我们职业生涯和个人生活的影响非同一般。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：93

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题Translate the following sentences into English.没有改革开放，就没有今天的经济发展。

祖国的地下到处都是埋藏着丰富的矿产资源。

弄得不好，就会前功尽弃。

不经一事，不长一智。

青年人和老年人不同，女青年和老太太也不同，不考虑这些情况，恐怕就解决不好“代沟”问题。

【答案】Without the reform and opening-up, the economic will not be well developed like today.There are rich mineral resources at underground of our motherland.If screw up, you'll back to square one.A fall in the pit; a gain in the wit.The young differs from the old while the young women and old lady vary a lot, without attention to this, it's hard to solve the “generation gap”.2.单选题The（） bones of an elderly person may fracture easily.问题1选项A.slenderB.brittleC.denseD.firm 【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。

A选项slender“细长的，苗条的”；B选项brittle“脆弱的”；C选项dense“稠密的”；D选项firm“坚定的”。

句意：老年人脆弱的骨头可能容易折断。

选项B符合句意。

3.单选题She looked soyoung and（）that he feltthat he should try to protect her.问题1选项A.susceptibleB.fragileC.vitalD.vulnerable【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。

重庆医科大学2013年博士研究生入学考试（英语）真题

重庆医科大学2013年博士研究生入学考试（英语）真题重庆医科大学2013年博士研究生入学考试（英语）真题Despite Denmark's manifest virtues, Danes never talk abouthow proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danestalk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on itstininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the generalsmall-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. NoDane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a great country.” You'resupposed to figure this out for yourself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half thenational budget goes toward smoothing out life's inequalities, and there isplenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programmes, jobseminars—Danes love seminars: three days at a study centre hearing about wastemanagement is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded byEnglish, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the Englishthat Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it—olddialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. Itis the land where, as the saying goes, “ Few have too much and fewer have toolittle,” and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails,where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame havedisappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It's a nation of recyclers—about55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new—and no nuclear power plants.It's a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well ingeneral.Such a nation of overachievers—a brochure from theMinistryof Business and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the world's cleanest and mostorganized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark isthe most corruption-f ree society in the Northern Hemisphere.” So, of course,one's heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti onbuildings (“Foreigners Out of Denmark!”), broken beer bottles in the gutters,drunken teenagers slumped in the park. Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through aDanish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is afield of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not anation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light tochange, even if it's 2 a.m. and there's not a car in sight. However, Danes don'tthink of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people—that'show they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people,improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though oneshould not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes.Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limitedmanufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, anddistributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, andthese bright, young,English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplinedpeople will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, andRussia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern andwell-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesn't mean that Danishlives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell youso. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholismand about perfectly sensible people whowent off one day and killed themselves.An orderly society can not exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danesgrow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and youshouldn't feel bad for taking what you're entitled to, you're as good as anyoneelse. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits youget if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and theorderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather highunemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.16. The author thinks that Danes adopt a ________ attitudetowards their country.A. boastfu lB.modestC. deprecatingD. mysterious17. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristiccited in the passage?A. Fondness of foreign culture.B. Equality in society.C. Linguistic tolerance.D. Persistent planning.18. The author's reaction to the statement by the Ministryof Business and Industry is ________.A. disapprovingB. approvingC. noncommittalD. doubtful19. According to the passage, Danish orderliness ________.A. sets the people apart from Germans and SwedesB. spares Danes social troubles besetting other peoplesC. is considered economically essential to the countryD. prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles20. At the end of the passage the author states all thefollowing EXCEPT that ________.A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefitsB. Danes take for granted what is given to themC. the open system helps to tide the country overD. orderliness has alleviated unemploymentCooperative competition. Competitivecooperation. Confused? Airline alliances have travellers scratching their headsover what's going on in the skies. Some folks view alliances as a blessing totravellers, offering seamless travel, reduced fares and enhanced frequent-flyerbenefits. Others see a。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：69

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Since the couple could not（） their difference, they decided to get a divorce.问题1选项A.reconcileplyC.coincideD.resign【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。

A选项reconcile“调和，使一致”；B选comply“遵守，顺从”；C选项coincide“一致，符合”；D选项resign“辞职”。

句意：由于这对夫妇无法调和他们之间的分歧，他们决定离婚。

选项A符合句意。

2.单选题I found there was a lot of（） theft in this area.问题1选项A.pettyB.prettyC.majorD.peril 【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。

A选项petty“琐碎的，小规模的”；B选项pretty“漂亮的”；C选项major“主要的”；D选项peril“危及，置...于险境”。

句意：我发现这个地区有很多小规模的偷盗行为。

选项A 更符合语境。

3.单选题This book was a work of such（）that it took 20 years to write.问题1选项A.magnitudeB.extentC.degreeD.amount【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。

A选项magnitude“大小，量级”；B选项extent“程度，范围”；C选项degree“程度，等级”；D选项amount“数量，总额”。

句意：这本书是如此庞大的一个作品，以致于花了20年才写成。

选项A更符合语境。

4.单选题The Mayor of the town is a（） old man.问题1选项A.respectiveB.respectfulC.respectableD.respecting【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析题。

重庆大学研究生考试真题综合英语

重庆大学研究生考试真题综合英语In the realm of postgraduate entrance exams, the Comprehensive English section of Chongqing University's graduate exam stands out as a crucial component that challenges the linguistic proficiency and analytical skills of aspirants. This section demands a thorough understanding of the English language, encompassing various aspects such as vocabulary, grammar, reading comprehension, writing, and translation. Given its significance, it's imperative for candidates to approach this section with the utmost seriousness and preparation.To ace the Comprehensive English section, candidates must first familiarize themselves with the exam format and the types of questions that are commonly asked. Thisinvolves understanding the distribution of marks, the reading comprehension passage styles and lengths, and the expected response formats for writing and translation tasks. By having a clear understanding of the structure,candidates can allocate their study time and efforts more effectively.Vocabulary mastery is another cornerstone of success in this section. Candidates must be able to recognize and correctly use high-level vocabulary that is commonly foundin academic texts. This requires regular practice and revision of vocabulary lists, as well as reading a wide range of materials to familiarize oneself with the natural flow and context of these words.Grammar is also crucial, as it forms the backbone ofthe English language. Candidates must have a solid grasp of the basic rules of grammar, including sentence structure, tenses, voice, and mood. Additionally, they should be ableto identify and correct grammatical errors in written texts, as this is a common requirement in the exam.Reading comprehension is a significant aspect of the Comprehensive English section. Candidates must be able to quickly and accurately understand the main ideas, arguments, and details presented in the passages. This requires notonly a good vocabulary and grammar base but also theability to skim and scan texts efficiently. Regularpractice with reading comprehension exercises can help candidates improve their speed and accuracy.Writing skills are also tested in this section, often through tasks such as essay writing or letter writing. Candidates need to demonstrate their ability to structure a coherent argument, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and maintain a logical flow of ideas. Practicing writing sample essays and letters, as well as receiving feedback on their work, can help candidates improve their writing skills.Translation tasks, which may involve translating English passages into Chinese or vice versa, require a high level of linguistic proficiency. Candidates must be able to capture the essence of the original text while maintaining the correct syntactical structure and vocabulary usage in the target language. This requires a deep understanding of both languages and regular practice with translation exercises.Lastly, candidates should focus on developing theirtest-taking strategies. This includes learning to manage their time effectively during the exam, prioritizing questions based on difficulty and familiarity, and guessing intelligently when faced with unfamiliar questions. Takingmock exams and analyzing their performances can help candidates identify their weaknesses and develop strategies to address them.In conclusion, mastering the Comprehensive English section of Chongqing University's graduate exam requires a comprehensive understanding of the exam format, thorough preparation in all language areas, regular practice, and strategic test-taking abilities. By approaching thissection with these key elements in mind, candidates can increase their chances of achieving a favorable outcome in their postgraduate entrance exams.**重庆大学研究生考试真题综合英语解析与备考策略** 在重庆大学研究生考试中，综合英语部分占据着举足轻重的地位，它不仅是对考生语言能力的检验，更是对他们分析能力的挑战。

重庆大学硕士研究生(英语)课程试卷研究生B类

重庆大学全日制专业硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷(B 类)2015~2016 学年第二学期（春）开课学院：外国语学院课程编号：G0401A考试日期： 2016.06.19考试方式：开卷闭卷其他考试时间： 120 分钟硕士生B 类答题纸英语班次：_______________ Answer SheetPart I Reading Comprehension ( 40 points, each item 2points)Passage One 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( )Passage Two 6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. ( ) 9. ( ) 10. ( )Passage Three 11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( )Passage Four 16. ( ) 17. ( ) 18. ( ) 19. ( ) 20. ( )Part II Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)Part III Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )Part IV Writing ( 20 points)(Please write your composition on the reverse side. 请写在背面)命题（组题）人：审题人：命题时间：2016.06研究生院制学院专业（领域）类别（学术、专业）学号姓名封线密重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷2015～2016 学年第二学期硕士生B类The Final Written Examination for Postgraduates(Level B)Part I Reading Comprehension（40 points）Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage OneAt some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don't act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It's not taboo to talk about fat; it's taboo to be fat. The "in" look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In an image-conscious society like the U. S. , thin is "in", fat is "out".It's not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become obsessed with staying slim and "in shape". The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for America's obsession with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people's bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising every day. 1. From the passage we can infer taboo is ______.A. a strong desire to do something strange or terribleB. a crime committed on impulseC. behavior considered unacceptable in society's eyesD. an unfavorable impression left on other people2. Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude "being fat"_______.A. will always remain a tabooB. is not considered a taboo by most peopleC. has long been a tabooD. may no longer be a taboo some day3. The topic of fat is _______ many other taboo subjects.A. the same asB. different fromC. more popular thanD. less often talked about than4. In the U. S., thin is "in", fat is "out", this means _______.A. thin is "inside", fat is "outside"B. thin is "diligent", fat is "lazy"C. thin is "youthful", fat is "spiritless"D. thin is "fashionable", fat is "unfashionable"5. The main reason the passage gives for why so many Americans are exercising regularly is _______.A. their changed life-styleB. their eagerness to stay thin and youthfulC. their appreciation of the importance of exerciseD. the encouragement they have received from their companiesPassage TwoOpinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and someof the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change.The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Employment became widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries.B. Unemployment will remain a major problem for industrialized nations.C. The industrial age may now be coming to an end.D. Some efforts and resources should be devoted to helping more people cope with theproblem of unemployment.7. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the spread of employment?A. The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries.B. The development of factories.C. Relief from housework on the part of women.D. Development of modern means of transportation.8. It can be inferred from the passage that____.A. most people who have been polled believe that the problem of unemployment maynot be solved within a short period of timeB. many farmers lost their land when new railways and factories were being constructedC. in preindustrial societies housework and community service were mainly carried outby womenD. some of the changes in work pattern that the industrial age brought have beenreversed9. What does the word “daunting” in the third paragraph mean?A. ShockingB. InterestingC. ConfusingD. Stimulating10. Which of the following is NOT suggested as a possible means to cope with the currentsituation?A. Create situations in which people work for themselves.B. Treat employment as the norm.C. Endeavor to revive the household and the neighborhood as centers of production.D. Encourage people to work in circumstances other than normal working conditions. Passage ThreeNo one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstances. Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole.The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth. There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept. What could be more important than the individual himself? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in a school, eliminates all envy and competition in the matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good quality clothing is not to be belittled by a wealthy person who wears expensive quality clothing. Those persons conveniently ignore such critical concepts as freedom of choice, motivation, and individuality. If all persons were to wear the same clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of food. When this happens, all incentive to improve one’s life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had?Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Sales person would be superfluous as well; why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry, which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. The entire information and entertainment industry would collapse.11.The author’s primary purpose in writing this passage is to __________ .A. plead for the abolition of uniformsB. show that uniforms are not possible in a democratic societyC. advocate stronger government controls on the wearing of uniformsD. convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantages12.Why does the author discuss forcing everyone to buy the same car or eat the same food?A. To show that freedom of choice is absolute.B. To show that the government has interfered too much in the lives of individual.C. To suggest what would happen if uniforms became compulsory.D. To predict the way the society will be in the next few generations.13.Which of the following statements is the opinion of those who support uniforms?A. The person who wears a uniform has no self-worth.B. Wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger concept.C. Uniforms will hurt the entire information and entertainment industry.D. Envy and competition are incentive to improve one’s life.14.The word “superfluous” (Line 4, Para. 3) most probably means __________ .A. surplusB. indispensableC. availableD. supplementary15.The next paragraph in this passage might discuss __________ .A. the positive effects of wearing uniformsB. more negative effects of wearing uniformsC. an alternative to wearing uniformsD. The legal rights of those not wishing to wear uniformsPassage FourWhy the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid development at the culmination of Greek civilization, advanced so slowly for two thousand years—and why in the following two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own times—are questions which have interested the modern philosopher no less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant. Was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin? Was the long period one of arrested development, and is the modern era one of normal growth? Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidents—to the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence?The explanation which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the moderns employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrast that is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries. For all knowledge is founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, by synthesis and analysis, by induction and deduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals to observation under the guidance of deduction—by steps which are indeed correlative parts of one method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods, or parts of one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science.A failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of these partial methods, an imperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness in observation, neglect of relevant facts, by appeal to experiment and observation—these are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or the moderns; but this statement does not explain why the modern is possessed of a greater virtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. Much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times.The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of “facts” and “theories” or “facts” and “ideas”—in the neglect among the ancients of the former, and their too exclusive attention to the latter—proves also to be too narrow, as well as open to the charge of vagueness. For in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. Facts and theories are not coordinate species. Theories, if true, are facts—a particular class of facts indeed, generally complex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positive attributes of theories.Nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in science, is well founded, and connotes an important character in true method. A fact is a proposition of simple. A theory, on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of a fact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, and difficult means. To convert theories into facts is to add simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact.16. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage isA. Philosophy of mathematics.B. The Recent Growth in Science.C. The Verification of Facts.D. Methods of Scientific Inquiry.17. According to the author, one possible reason for the growth of science during the days ofthe ancient Greeks and in modern times is_________________.A. the similarity between the two periodsB. that it was an act of GodC. that both tried to develop the inductive methodD. due to the decline of the deductive method18. The difference between “fact” and “theory”A. is that the latter needs confirmation.B. rests on the simplicity of the former.C. is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient Greeks.D. helps us to understand the deductive method.19. According to the author, mathematics is __________________.A. an inductive scienceB. in need of simple verificationC. a deductive scienceD. based on fact and theory20. The statement “Theories are facts” may be called_______________.A. a metaphorB. a paradoxC. an appraisal of the inductive and deductive methodsD. a punPart II Translation from English to Chinese (20 points)Directions:Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on your answer sheet.Why is cross-cultural knowledge and understanding so important? The American statesman and inventor Benjamin Franklin wrote that time is money. Globe-trotting businesspeople would add that being aware of cultural differences and sensitivities is money, too. Failing to grasp the subtleties that lie beyond such public cultural displays like greeting rituals and seating arrangements can make the difference between a truly successful international business transaction and one that fails to connect. Culture affects the most basic forms of personal and business interaction from decision making to management style. National culture, in turn, determines corporate culture, affecting a firm’s internal structure, its marketing behavior and its view of foreign business partners and contracts. The business world is littered with “international” projects that failed to overcome cultural barriers. If you have doubts that cultural insensitivity can translate into business problems on a megascale. Part III Translation from Chinese into English (20 points)Directions: Put the following Chinese into English. Write your answer on your answer sheet.掌握英语不仅可以改进你的思维方式，它还给你信心，令你自信，带给你鲜明的个性，使你更受欢迎。

重庆专升本英语往年考试真题

重庆专升本英语历年真题深度解析与学习策略As we delve into the world of exams, the importance of past exam papers cannot be overstated. Especially for students preparing for the Chongqing Postgraduate Entrance Exam, understanding and mastering the patterns and trends of the past English exams is crucial for their success. This article aims to provide an insightful analysis of the past exam papers and suggest effective study strategies for students aiming to excel in the exam.**1. Understanding the Exam Pattern and Trends**Examining the Chongqing Postgraduate Entrance Exam English past papers reveals a consistent pattern in terms of question types and difficulty levels. The papertypically comprises sections on reading comprehension, vocabulary and grammar, translation, and writing. Each section requires a different approach and strategy.**2. Focusing on Reading Comprehension**Reading comprehension is often the most challenging section of the exam, accounting for a significant portionof the total marks. Students should prioritize enhancing their reading speed and accuracy. Regular practice with past papers and reading materials related to the exam's syllabus is recommended.**3. Mastering Vocabulary and Grammar**A solid foundation in vocabulary and grammar is essential for scoring well in the exam. Students should focus on learning and revising key words and phrases, as well as understanding the correct usage of grammar rules. Regular quizzes and revision exercises can help consolidate knowledge.**4. Translation Skills**The translation section tests students' ability to convey ideas and information from one language to another. Practice translating both ways (English to Chinese and Chinese to English) is crucial. Students should also pay attention to maintaining the original meaning and tone while translating.**5. Writing Skills**The writing section assesses students' ability to express themselves clearly and coherently. Practice writing essays and other forms of compositions regularly. Students should also focus on improving their grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure.**6. Effective Study Strategies**To excel in the exam, students need to adopt effective study strategies. This includes creating a study plan, allocating sufficient time for revision, and taking regular practice tests. Joining study groups or seeking guidance from teachers and mentors can also be beneficial.In conclusion, mastering the past exam papers of the Chongqing Postgraduate Entrance Exam English section is an integral part of exam preparation. By understanding the exam pattern and trends, focusing on key sections like reading comprehension and vocabulary, and adoptingeffective study strategies, students can significantly improve their chances of scoring well in the exam. Remember, consistent practice and revision are the keys to success.**重庆专升本英语历年真题深度解析与学习策略**在考试的世界里，历年真题的重要性不言而喻。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：7

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题She was so（）for the knowledge that she had taught herself all the courses before she went to college.问题1选项A.graveB.greedyC.anxiousD.worried【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。

A选项grave“重大的”；B选项greedy“贪婪的，渴望的”；C选项anxious“焦虑的”；D选项worried“担心的”。

句意：她是对知识是如此的渴望，以至于她在上大学之前就自学了所有的课程。

选项B符合句意。

2.单选题Do you agree with the saying that the monkey was the（）of human race?问题1选项A.offspringB.successorC.breederD.predecessor【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。

A选项offspring“后代，子孙”；B选项successor“继承者”；C选项breeder“饲养员，繁殖者”；D选项predecessor“前身，祖先”。

句意：你同意猴子是人类祖先的说法吗? 选项D 符合句意。

3.单选题He is acting as（）while the manager is away on business.问题1选项A.agencyB.policyC.deputyD.colleague【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。

A选项agency“代理，中介”；B选项policy“政策，方针”；C选项deputy“代理人，代表”；D选项colleague“同事”。

句意：经理出差期间，由他作为代理人。

选项C符合句意。

4.单选题No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences intemperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantleof the earth with rising convection currents under the mid ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents. Theoretically, this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a conveyor belt and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may be correct; it has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents. Such a back coupling, in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it, could produce complicated and varying motions.On the other hand, the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines, and it certainly does not occur along lines broken by frequent offsets or changes in direction, as the ridge is. Also it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean. This plate is growing on both sides, and since there is on intermediate trench the two ridges must be moving apart. It would be odd if the rising convection currents kept exact pace with them. Atlantic theory is that the sinking part of the plate, which is denser than the hotter surrounding mantle, pulls the rest of the plate after it. Again it is difficult to see how this applies to the ridge in the South Atlantic, where neither the African nor the American plate has a sinking part.Another possibility is that the sinking plate cools the neighboring mantle and produces convection currents that move the plates. This last theory is attractive because it gives some hope of explaining the enclosed seas, such as the Sea of Japan. These seas have a typical oceanic floor, except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometers of sediment. Their Floors have probably been sinking for long periods. It seems possible that a sinking current of cooled mantle material on the upper side of the plate might be the cause of such deep basins. The enclosed seas are an important feature of the eart h’s surface and seriously require explanation because, in addition to the enclosed seas that are developing at present behind island arcs; there are a number of older ones of possibly similar origin; such as the Gulf of Mexico, the Black Sea. and perhaps then North Sea.1.According to the traditional view of the origin of the ocean basins, which of the following is sufficient to move the continental plates?2.The author refers to a “conveyor belt” (Lines 5, Para. 1) in order to（）.3.The author regards the traditional view of the origin of the ocean basin（）.4.According to the passage, which of the following are separated by a plate that is growing on both sides?问题1选项A.Spreading of ocean trenches.B.Movement of mid-ocean ridges.C.Sinking of ocean basins.D.Differences in temperature under oceans and continents.问题2选项A.illustrate the effects of convection in the mantle.B.show how temperature differences depend on the positions of the continentC.demonstrate the linear of the Mid Atlantic RidgeD.describe the complicated motions made possibly by back coupling问题3选项A.guarded skepticismB.absolute indifferenceC.indignant angerplete disbelief问题4选项A.The Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan.B.The South Atlantic Ridge and the North Sea Ridge.C.The Gulf of Mexico and the South Atlantic Ridge.D.The Mid Atlantic Ridge and the Indian Ocean Ridge【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。

08重庆大学博士英语考试试题

08重庆大学博士英语考试试题2008年重庆大学博士入学考试英语试卷(Time Limit: 180 minutes)Part I: Reading Comprehension 40 %Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then selectthe best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneProblems and discouragements will face the leader, but he can overcome them with staying power. It seems as if many of the world’s famous people faced some of the greatest difficulties and discouragements in carrying out their visions.Christopher Columbus, for instance, concluded from the informationhe acquired from his travels and from studying charts and maps, that the earth was round and that he could reach Asia by sailing west. But he needed a patron to finance such an expedition. He first tried John II., King of Portugal, without success, and then, the Count of Medina Celi in Spain. The Count encouraged Columbus for two years, but never actually provided him with the money and supplies he needed. Ferdinand and Isabella, King and Queen of Castile in Spain, were then contacted. A review of Columbus’ plans by a committee appointed by the queenresulted in the conclusion that his ideas were vain and impractical. But they kept talking.After a better part of a decade of trying to find a patron, Columbus was in despair, but he didn’t stop. He had staying power. He believed in his mission, but he held out for high terms from Ferdinand and Isabella. He asked that the rank of admiral be bestowed on him right away and that he be made viceroy of all that he should discover. In addition, he would receive one-tenth of all the precious metals discovered within his admiralty. His conditions were rejected and negotiations were again interrupted. Columbus left for France. However, the queen had a change of mind and sent for him. In April, 1492, Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to subsidize the expedition on Columbus’ terms. It wasn’t until 12, October that they landed on North America.Columbus did not visit the Grand Khan of Cathay as he had hoped. But he did discover two new continents. He was successful because he had staying power.1. What was the attitude of the king and queen of Castile toward Columbus’ plan of expedition?A. ConcernedB. IndifferentC. OptimisticD. Disapproval2. Who finally patronized Columbus?A. Count of Median CeliB. John II, King of PortugalC. King and queen of SpainD. King and queen of Castile3. Which of the following statements was not mentioned in the passage?A. Columbus wanted to share what he should discover.B. Columbus firmly demanded that he be the commander of the voyage fleet.C. The king and queen of Castile didn’t accept Columbus terms at the very beginning.D. Columbus got financial help from the queen because he gave up his high terms.14. The author takes the story of Columbus as an example to show that __________.A. Leaders need staying power.B. Columbus had enough staying power.C. One can’t do without saying power.D. Staying power cannot ensure success.5. What does the word “vision” in the first paragraph most probably mean?A. sightB. televisionC. future planD. imaginationPassage TwoThe growth strategy is a corporate-level strategy that seeks toincr ease the level of the organization’s operations. This includes increasing such popular quantitative measures as sales revenues, number of employees, and market share. Growth can be achieved through direct expansion, vertical integration, horizontal integration, or diversification.Growth through direct expansion is achieved by internally increasing a firm’s sales,production capacity, or workforce. No other firms are acquired or merged with; instead, the company chooses to grow by itself through its own b usiness operations. For instance, McDonald’shas pursued a growth strategy by way of direct expansion. The company has grown by awarding franchises(经营许可) to people who are willing to be trained in the McDonald’s way and byopening company-owned outlets.A company might also choose to grow by vertical integration, whichis an attempt to gain control of input (backward vertical integration), output (forward vertical integration), or both. In backward vertical integration, the organization attempts to gain control of its inputs by becoming its own supplier. For instance, United Airlines has created its own in-flight food service business. In forward vertical integration, the organization gains control of its outputs (products or services) bybecoming its own distributor. For example, Gateway Computer’s retail stores are an example ofan organization controlling its distribution.In horizontal integration, a company grows by combining with other organizations in the same industry ― that is, combining operati ons with competitors. For instance, H,J, Heinz, Inc., the food-processing company, combined operations with an organic baby food company, Earth’s Best, to help its own Heinz baby foods division become more competitive. Because combining with competitors might decrease the amount of competition in an industry, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission assesses the impact of such proposed growth action and must approve any proposed horizontal integration strategy. Other countries have similar restrictions.Finally, an organization can grow through diversification, either related or unrelated. Related diversification is when a company grows by merging with or acquiring firms in different but related industries. For example, American Standard Cos. is in a variety of businesses including bathroom fixtures, air-conditioning and heating units, plumbing parts, and brakes for trucks. Unrelated diversification is when a company grows by merging with or acquiring firms in different and unrelated industries. For example, Lancaster Colony Corporation makes salad dressing, car mats and candles. These industries are different and unrelated. 6. What isthis passage mainly about?A. How McDonald’s has become successful.2B. How companies have become successful.C. How companies can develop their businesses.D. How companies compete with each other.7. What is “direct expansion”?A. A company develops its own business into a bigger scale.B. A company acquires another company.C. A company merges with another company.D. A company grows without increasing its workforce.8. Which of the following is not true of “vertical integration”?A. A company attempts to supply its own inputs.B. A company attempts to sell its own products.C. A company attempts to provide service.D. A company attempts to enter another industry.9. If a company adopts the method of “horizontal integration”, it attempts to __________ .A. acquire a very different companyB. acquire a similar companyC. acquire a sales companyD. acquire a distribution company10. Which of the following phrases is closest in meaning to the word “diversification”?A. merging with or acquiring firmsB. either related or unrelatedC. a variety of businessesD. a company growsPassage ThreeIn a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools，surprisingly little emphasis is put on academicinstruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents (答问卷者) listed "to give children a good start academically" as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a societyto have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.3Like in American, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary school.Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children's chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.11. We learn from the first paragraph that many American believe__________ .A. Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parents.B. Japan’s economic success is a result of its scientific achievements.C. Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction.D. Japan’s higher education is superior to theirs.12. Most Americans surveyed believe that preschools should also attach importance to _____ .A. problem solvingB. group experienceC. parental guidanceD. individually-oriented development13. In Japan’s preschool education, the focus is on __________ .A. preparing children academicallyB. developing children’s artistic interestsC. tapping children’s potentialD. shaping children’s character14. Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to __________ .A. broaden children’s horizonB. cultivate children's creativityC. lighten children's study loadD. enrich children's knowledge15. Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university-based kindergartens?A. They can do better in their future studies.B. They can accumulate more group experience there.C. They can be individually oriented when they grow up.D. They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.Passage FourNow custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may manifest.No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his4particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior ofthe individual as over against any way in which he can affecttraditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. When one seriously studiesaxial orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently,that becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. Thelife history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.16. The author thinks the reason why custom has been ignored in the academic world isthat__________.A. custom reveals only the superficial nature of human behaviorB. the study of social orders can replace the study of customC. people are still not aware of the important role that customplays in forming our worldoutlookD. custom has little to do with our ways of thinking17. Which of the following is true according to John Dewey?A. An individual can exercise very little influence on the cultural tradition into which he isborn.B. Custom is the direct result of the philosophical probings of a group of people.C. An individual is strongly influenced by the cultural tradition even before he is born.D. Custom represents the collective wisdom which benefits the individual. 18. The world "custom" in this passage most probably means__________.A. the concept of the true and the false of a societyB. the independently developed social ordersC. the adjustment of the individual to the new social environmentD. the patterns and standards of behavior of a community19. According to the passage a person's life, from his birth to his death,________.A. is constantly shaping the cultural traditions of his peopleB. is predominated by traditional customC. is continually influenced by the habits of other communitiesD. is chiefly influenced by the people around him20. The author' s purpose in writing this passage is ________.A. to urge individuals to follow traditional customsB. to stress the strong influence of customs on an individualC. to examine the interaction of man and axial customsD. to show man' s adjustment to traditional customsPart II. Translation from English to Chinese 20%Directions: Put the following passages into Chinese. Write your answer on yourAnswer Sheet.5It is impossible to over-emphasize the importance of commercial activity to a country and its people. In almost all developing countries, economic development depends upon growth in export trade, which in turn creates jobs and raises living standards. The increasing import requirements which flow from economic development must somehow be financed, from foreign exchange receipts derived from export earningsand capital investment. Without dynamic expansion in exports the growth of your country’s economy will almost certainly slacken. Your objective as acommercial representative is obviously to do the best possible jobof improving your country’s export earnings, in the broadest meaning of that term.The time has long since arrived to recognize commercialrepresentation as a profession per se, the successful exercise of which is positively correlated with careful initial selection of commercial representatives, the level and content of their formal education and specialized training, the length and variety of their pertinent experience, and the quality of support they receive from the trade promotion organization (TPO) or ministry at home.Part III. Translation from Chinese to English 20%Directions: Put the following passage into English. Write youranswer on yourAnswer Sheet.感恩是一项重要的处事哲学，是生活的大智慧。

重庆近10年专升本英语作文真题

重庆近十年专升本英语作文真题解析与高分策略In recent decades, the trend of higher education has been shifting towards specialization and depth, with more and more students choosing to pursue further studies through the post-diploma route. Chongqing, a vibrant city in western China, has witnessed a significant increase in the number of students seeking to upgrade their academic qualifications through the specialized bachelor's degree program. The English composition section of the post-diploma entrance exam in Chongqing has become a critical component, as it tests the students' language proficiency and critical thinking skills.Over the past decade, the English essay prompts in Chongqing's post-diploma exams have exhibited a diverse range of topics, reflecting the city's cultural, social, and economic transformations. From discussing the impact of technology on daily life to analyzing the challenges of urbanization, these prompts require students to demonstrate a deep understanding of contemporary issues and the ability to express their thoughts coherently in English.To excel in this section, candidates must possess asolid foundation in English grammar and vocabulary. However, mere linguistic proficiency is not sufficient; they must also cultivate a critical eye for analyzing complex problems and an innovative mind for offering unique solutions. This requires a balance of academic reading, writing practice, and real-world observations.One effective strategy for preparing for the English essay is to familiarize oneself with a wide range of topics relevant to Chongqing and its context. By reading newspapers, articles, and books related to the city's development, students can gain insights into potentialessay topics and build a repository of relevant vocabulary and examples.Practicing writing essays on various topics is also crucial. Candidates should aim to cover a diversity ofessay types, including argumentative, descriptive, and analytical. This will help them familiarize themselves with different writing styles and structures, enabling them to adapt to various prompts with confidence.Moreover, candidates should focus on refining their writing skills by paying attention to sentence structure, paragraph organization, and transitional phrases. A well-structured essay with clear arguments and logical transitions is often more impressive than one filled with grammatical errors and disjointed ideas.Lastly, candidates should remember to allocatesufficient time for proofreading and editing their essays. This step is often overlooked but is crucial for catching mistakes and ensuring that the essay is polished and ready for submission.In conclusion, excelling in the English essay section of the post-diploma entrance exam in Chongqing requires not only linguistic proficiency but also critical thinking and writing skills. By familiarizing themselves with relevant topics, practicing various essay types, and refining their writing techniques, candidates can confidently tackle this challenging section and emerge victorious in their academic pursuits.**重庆近十年专升本英语作文真题解析与高分攻略**近年来，高等教育的趋势正在向专业化和深入化发展，越来越多的学生选择通过专升本途径继续深造。

重庆大学全日制专业硕士研究生英语考试试卷

重庆大学全日制专业硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷(B 类)2014~2015 学年第一学期（秋）开课学院：外国语学院课程编号：G0401A 考试日期： 2015.01.10考试方式：开卷闭卷其他考试时间： 120 分钟硕士生B 类答题纸英语班次：_______________ Answer SheetPart I. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points, 1-10 20points; 11-20 20points) 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( ) 6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. ( ) 9. ( ) 10. ( )11. ( ) 12. ( )13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( )16. ( ) 17. ( ) 18. ( )19. ( ) 20. ( )Part II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points) Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points ) Part IV . Writing ( 20 points)(Please write your composition on the reverse side. 请写在背面)重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷 2014～2015 学年第一学期硕士生B 类Part I. Reading Comprehension （40 points ）Directions : Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneAs a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isn ’t the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe ’s new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the irresistible momentum of individualism over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on Europeans ’ private lives. Europe ’s new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe ’s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today ’s tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so. Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage —twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative —dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone. The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn ’t leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn ’t got time to get lonely because has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult ”. Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming ”, thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships don ’t last long —if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she ’d never have wanted to do what her mother did —give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “I ’ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life ”.1. More and more young Europeans remain single becauseA. they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualism.B. they have entered the workforce at a much earlier age.C. they have embraced a business culture of stability.D. they are pessimistic about their economic future. 2. What is said about European society in the passage? A. It has fostered the trend towards small families. B. It is getting closer to American-style capitalism. C. It has limited consumer choice despite a free market. D. It is being threatened by irresistible privatization. 3. According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are A. warm and lighthearted.命题（组题）人：李雁审题人封线密B. on either side of marriage.C. negative and gloomy.D. healthy and wealthy.4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show thatA. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom.B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe.C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely.D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable.5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners.B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.C. To examine the trend of young people living alone.D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.Passage TwoAmerican dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times.The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was.“There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institut e for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events.Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development.A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of th e last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels.Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce.The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies.“The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined.American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs.6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows?A. Self-contradictoryB. Prejudice-freeC. Culture-loadedD. Audience-targeted7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ .A. the patenting of domination shows and moviesB. the emergence of new commercial networksC. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-televisionD. the intense competition coming from the outside8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________.A. in need of capitalB. after a fashionC. on second thoughtsD. in the interests of themselves9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____.A. they lose competitivenessB. they are not market-orientedC. they are too much pricedD. they fall short of audience expectations10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________.A. if they have no access to popular showsB. because their endeavors come to no availC. since bidding wars are no longer fierceD. as international sales pace slows downPassage ThreeHow shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and RonaldoMenezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.4. Mr Usmani's “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sale s without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is，the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world，mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work, and testing will get under way in the spring.5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could，indeed，be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14,000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded, they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank, but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed, the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category，and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem，a company in Cambridge，Massachusetts, also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet .Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home, you can still be part of the swarm.Questions 11-15Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.11. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.12. In shops, products shelved at a more _______________ sell better even if they are more expensive.13. According to Mr. Usmani, with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon, a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.14. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high, other customers tend to follow them.15. Using the “swarm-moves” model, shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.Questions 16-20Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 16-20 writeYES if the statement agrees with the informationNO if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage16. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in bigsupermarkets like Wal-Mart and Tesco.17. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.18. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.19. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data ofother shops.20. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.Part II. Translation from English to Chinese (20 points)Directions:Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Chinese housing prices have been hot social topics in recent years. House prices in medium-and-large cities keep high, with the trend of further going up. Some young people simply cannot afford purchasing any house, while others become mortgage slaves. Mortgage slaves (or house slaves) are a new buzzword that emerged in the society in recent years. Just as the name suggests, house slaves refer to people who are enslaved to mortgage for their houses. These people borrow loans from banks to buy a house and then repay the loans with their lifetime efforts. According to survey by a real estate website, about 32 % of Chinese people paid over 50% of their income as monthly mortgage payment, so they indeed became slaves of the house. While they seem to enjoy some psychological comfort that they have their own houses, they have to bear tremendous stress, with quality of life dropped down significantly．Part III. Translation from Chinese into English (20 points)Directions: Put the following Chinese into English. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.终身学习是指从学前到退休后获得及更新各种能力，兴趣，知识和资质的过程。

重庆医科大学招收攻读博士学位研究生英语试题(样题)英语样题并答案

重庆医科大学招收攻读博士学位研究生英语试题（样题）考试时间：3小时Part I Vocabulary (10 points)Section A (5 points)Directions: In each item, chose one word that best keeps the meaning of the sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word. Mark out your choice on the answer sheet with asingle line through the center.1.The public usually regards the theory of public opinion as controversial. ba. practicalb. disputablec. reasonabled. soluble2.The serious illness deprived him of his sight and the use of his leg. aa. robbedb. excludedc. disabledd. gripped3.If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mocking bird initiates a set of actions to protect itsoff-spring. ba. hastensb. triggersc. devisesd. releases4.The flowers on the table were a manifestation of the child’s love for his mother. aa. a demonstrationb. a combinationc. a satisfactiond. an infestation5.Handling preschooler s’ fears is often of understanding their fantasies. da. behaviorb. habitc. hobbyd. imagination6.The devastating earthquake last month caused hundreds of people homeless. ba. unguardedb. overwhelmingc. destructived. evil7.On hearing of the case some time later, Conan Doyle was convinced that the man was notguilty, and immediately went to work to ascertain the truth. ca. exploreb. obtainc. verifyd. search8.Fear of pirate raids caused the Spaniards to fortify their coastline. ba. armsb. invasionsc. shipsd. cruelty9.The poor woman did not sleep all night and was completely worn out. ba. consumedb. exhaustedc. groundd. smashed10.Mountain life produces a strong, tough breed of men. aa. generationb. geniusc. typed. gangSection B (5 points)Directions: In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark out your choice on theanswer sheet with a single line through the center.11. A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can nolonger be satisfactorily ____b____.a. diminishedb. alleviatedc. replacedd. abolished12.In principle, a person whose conduct was caused by mental disorder should not be liable tocriminal ____b____.a. identificationb. punishmentc. investigationd. commitment13.Cut off by the storm, they were forced to ____c____ food for several days.a. go in forb. go overc. go withoutd. go out14.Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for____c____ vitamins.a. exceptionalb. exceedingc. excessd. external15.For some rare cases, the doctor does not base his diagnosis on the patient’s ____d____ onlybut also on the results of tests.a. complaintsb. reportsc. statementsd. symptoms16.The Army and Navy of that country were reformed in ____c____ with western models afterthe Second World War.a. consequenceb. agreementc. accordanced. contact17.Please come and help me with this form because I don’t know how to ____a____ it.a. set aboutb. set asidec. set offd. set up18.The salesman’s ____d____ annoyed the old lady, but finally she gave in.a. enduranceb. assistancec. resistanced. persistence19.Does brain power ____d____ as we get older? Scientists now have some surprising answers.a. collapseb. descendc. deduced. decline20.All experts agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully____a____ the risks and benefits.a. weighingb. valuingc. evaluatingd. distinguishingPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Passage 1Yellow FeverHopes for victory over the disease of yellow fever were raised still further when one of a team of Rockefeller doctors, studying yellow fever in Ghana, scored a major victory in the summer of 1927. Visiting a village where there was an outbreak, the doctor took blood from a goodlooking young African, Asibi by name, who had a mild touch of fever. The doctor now injected some of his blood into four animals including one monkey that had just arrived from India. Only the monkey went down with yellow fever. For the first time the virus of the disease had been passed into an animal other than man. Having animals that could be given the disease opened the way to new lines of experiments.The Asibi virus was kept going from monkey to monkey. In this way they gradually developed a virus whose power to make people ill had been greatly lowered. But still it had enough strength to develop resistance in human beings. So from the blood of a West African a vaccine was finally developed that now protects millions of people from yellow fever.Such, then, was the point reached in 1932. Yellow fever appeared to be on the way out, at least in the Americas. Then there occurred an outbreak in a country district in Brazil. This was strange, since yellow fever had always been believed to be a disease of the city, one that people caught by being bitten in their own homes by the city type of mosquitoes, bred within a hundred yards of their houses. Something much more surprising, however, was in store for the members of the Brazilian Yellow Fever Service, when they reached the area. There was yellow fever in the district, without doubt. The Service found it was present by all the standard tests. But there were no city-type mosquitoes, not one.One morning a doctor went into the jungle with some woodcutters. He wanted to collectmosquitoes, but they weren’t biting. The doctor was just ready to leave, when one of the men shouted that a tree was about to fall. He stood back and watched the great mass come down. Sunlight streamed through the hole made in the roof of the jungle and from the upper branches of the fallen tree rose a cloud of blue mosquitoes which circled around the men.So it was learned that these blue mosquitoes, relatively rare on the floor of the jungle, exist in great numbers in the treetops. There too, the monkeys live. This discovery completed a chain of facts about the way jungle yellow fever is caught and spread. It is mainly a disease of monkeys in the jungle treetops. They are infected by the bites of several kinds of mosquitoes. Blue mosquitoes being one of the most common attackers. The pattern is carried on from monkey to mosquito and back to monkey. But men going into the jungle may also get the disease, particularly if their work disturbs the roof of the jungle. If the man bitten by an infected mosquito then returns to a city where there are mosquitoes of the city type, he may start again the pattern of man to mosquito to man.21. A further advance in the fight against yellow fever was made when it was discovered that thedisease could be passed from ____d____.a. man to mosquitob. animal to manc. animal to mosquitod. man to animal22.Jungle yellow fever can only exist where there are ____d____.a. any type of mosquitoesb. blue mosquitoesc. monkeysd. animals and mosquitoes23.The doctors in this story were interested in discovering ___a_____.a.the pattern of the diseaseb.the signs of yellow feverc.the kind of people who get the diseased.how monkeys stay healthy24.An interesting finding in this story is that ____c____.a.only one type of mosquitoes carries yellow feverb.at least two types of mosquitoes carry yellow feverc.any mosquitoes can carry the diseased.monkeys are necessary in keeping yellow fever goingPassage 2A Leap in ThoughtYou’ve had a problem, you’ve thought about it till you were tired, forgotten it and perhaps slept on it, and then flash! When you weren’t thinking about it suddenly the answer has come to you, as a gift from the gods.Of course all ideas don’t come like that, but the interesting thing is that so many do, particularly the most important ones. They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. How they do it is a mystery. Psychology does not yet understand even the ordinary processes of conscious thought, but the emergence of new ideas by a “leap in thought” is particularly intriguing, because they must have come from somewhere. For the moment let us assume that they come from the “unconscious”. This is reasonable, for the psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the subject, and creative thought consists precisely in what was unknown becoming know.It seems that all truly creative activity depends in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly intuitive the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.But growth requires a seed, and the heart of the creative process lies in the production of the original fertile nucleus from which growth can proceed. This initial step in all creation consists in the establishment of a new unity from disparate elements, of order out of disorder, of shape from what was formless. The mind achieves this by the plastic reshaping, so as to form a new unit, of a selection of the separate elements derived from experience and stored in memory. Intuitions arise from richly unified experience.This process of the establishment of new from must occur in pattern of nervous activity in the brain, lying below the threshold of consciousness, which interact and combine to from more comprehensive patterns. Experimental physiology has not yet identified this process, for its methods are as yet insufficiently refined, but it may be significant that a quarter of the total bodily consumption of energy during sleep goes to the brain, even when the sense organs are at rest, to maintain the activity of the thousand million brain cells. These cells, acting together as a single organ, achieve the miracle of the production of new patterns of thought. No calculating machine can do that, for such machines can “only do what we know how to design them to do”, and these formative brain processes obey laws which are still unknown.Can any practical conclusions be drawn from the experience of genius? Is there an art of thought for the ordinary person? Certainly there is no single road to success; in the world of the imagination each has to find his own way to use his own gifts.25.The description in the first paragraph may imply that ____c____.a.inspiration may come from the godsb.in finding an answer to a problem, inspiration may come only after you have thoughthard about itc.inspiration may come only when you have forgotten the problemd.whenever you thought about the answer to a problem, you would get a flash ofinspiration26.The pronoun “they” in paragraph 2 refers to ___c_____.a. “many people”b. the most important peoplec. “many ideas”d. Psychologists27.In the sentence “This is reasonable, for the psychologists use this term to describe mentalprocesses which are unknown to the subject”. Here “subject” refers to ____a____.a. a school courseb. a topic of a speechc. a person being treated in a certain way or being experimented ond. a citizen28.The writer might want to tell his readers that ____b____.a.successful persons depend on their inspirationsb.we ordinary people had better not blindly count on any practical conclusion fromexperience of genius, but find our own way to use our own giftsc.there is no genius at alld.none of the abovePassage 3Experiments have been carried out on volunteers to see what happens when all sensations are stopped. This can be done in several ways. One method is to put a man inside a completely isolated room. This room is heavily sound-proofed and absolutely dark. There is no light or sound and the person is instructed just to lie motionless on a bed. People have stayed in rooms such as this for as long as four days. The results of sensory deprivation (SD) vary with the individual.Soon after entering the confinement cell most subjects went to sleep and slept almost without interruption for ten to twenty-four hours. These are gross estimates for there was nothing by which the subjects could determine the time which had elapsed. We know for certain that one subject slept for nineteen hours but insisted that he had a nap of less than one hour. According to the monitoring microphone, which was capable of picking up the deep breathing of sleep, it seems more likely that most subjects slept all of the first twenty-four hours.We felt that so much sleeping in the first day wasted the effects of confinement, so we started placing subjects in SD early in the morning. We reasoned that after a night’s sleep our confined subject would be unable to dissipate (驱散) the effects of SD by sleeping. Such was not the case. As far as we could determine they went to sleep just as quickly and slept just as long as the previous subjects. We then started entering the subjects at midmorning, midday, and mid-afternoon. As it turned out, it made no difference when during the day and, presumably, during the night we started the confinement; the initial sleep period was always about the same.We had not expected this extended period of initial sleep. In fact, it had seemed reasonable to expect something of the opposite. SD was a very novel situation for our subjects, and as such, we reasoned, it should have occupied them for some time. I had a similar expectation for astronauts during space flight and was greatly surprised to learn that the Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin had been able to sleep during his space flight around the earth.Other effects were also noted. With no real sensations to work on, the brain makes up all sorts of false information. Many people experience vivid dreams and hallucinations (幻觉). When they are finally taken out of the room into the real changing world of light and sound, they are in a very strange state of mind, ready to believe anything and not really able to make decisions.29.This passage is mainly about ____c____.a.how to have a sound sleepb.what causes loss of sensationsc.what will happen if sensations were lostd.how to lose sensations30.What does “subjects” Para 3, Line2) mean in this passage? da.Any member of a state except the supreme ruler.b.Something to be talked or written about or studied.c.Person, animal or thing to be treated or dealt with.d.Theme on which a composition is based.31.We can probably infer from the passage that ___c_____.a.most astronauts are unable to fall asleep in spaceb. a period of sensory deprivation would make a person hard to controlc.many people are subject to fantasy while in the sensory deprivation celld.microphones are used to control the breathing of subjects32.All of the following are the results of sensory deprivation except that ___c_____.a.most subjects fell asleep and slept for a long timeb.some subjects didn’t know how many hours they spent sleepingc.it took a long time for the subjects to adapt themselves to sensory celld.many subjects became credulous right after sensory deprivationPassage 4I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on one’s own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable.Our local grocer’s shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing up at a supermarket. And the proprietor (店主) knows well that personal service has a substantial cash value.His prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, but he will deliver anything at any time. His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to take a piece of cheese to an old age pensioner who sent her order by word of mouth with a friend who happened to be passing. The more affluent customers telephone their shopping lists and the goods are on their doorsteps within an hour. They have only to hint at a fancy for some commodity outside the usual stock and the grocer, a red-faced figure, instantly obtains it for them.The village gains from this sort of enterprise, of course. But I also find it satisfactory because a village shop offers one of the few ways in which a modest individualist can still get along in the world without attaching himself to the big battalions of industry or commerce.33.The services available in village nowadays are normally ___a_____.a.fewer but still very activeb.less successful than earlier but managing to survivec.active in providing food for the village, and tourist goodsd.surprisingly energetic considering the little demand for them34.The local grocer’s shop is expanding ___a_____.a.because women spend a lot of their tie there just gossipingb.even though town shops are larger and rather cheaperc.in spite of the fact that people like to shop where they are less well-knownd.for people get frozen food as well as antiques35.How do the village grocer’s assistants feel about giving extra service? da.They tend to forget itb.They will not consider itc.It does not seem worth their whiled.They take it for granted36.Another aspect of personal service available in the village shop is that ____a____.a.there is a very wide range of goods availableb.rare goods are obtained whenever they are neededc.special attention is given to the needs of wealthier customersd.goods are always restocked before they run outPassage 5Until about 200 years ago. Change was so slow that people presumed that the lives of their children and grandchildren would not be very much different from their own.And then came the 20th century, when people went from flying in their first airplane at Kity Hawk to planting their first footsteps on the moon – all in the blink of a lifetime. One group of scientist haws said that the rate of change in our contemporary world is running a million times faster than the rate of humans’ ability to adjust to the new situations.Here is how some futurists say Americans may live in the opening years of the next millennium.The World Future Society, a nonprofit organization in Maryland, predicts that supermarkets may become hydroponics greenhouses where shoppers pick their own produce from the vine. And for those who would not care for such a hands – on experience, groceries could be electronically ordered and automatically delivered into refrigerators that open outside and inside the house.Marvin J. Cetron, founder and president of Forecasting International Ltd., a consulting company in Arlington, Virginia, said he believes that by 2006, people will have personal diagnostic and meal preparation machines. If you eat too much, the diagnostic machine will tell you to exercise.Many experts anticipate advances in biotechnology that could lead to cows that produce low-fat milk, disease-resistant potatoes grown by crossing them with a chicken gene and pork made leaner by introducing a cow gene into the pig’s genetic pool.But if, as expected, the world’s human population doubles in the next 40 years, the pressure to produce food to feed everyone is gong to be immense, said Lester R. Brown, head of the Worldwatch Institute, in Washington, He notes in his book, “Vital Signs 1995” that “the pace of history is accelerating as soaring human demands collide with the Earth’s natural limits.”How about medicine? For many people, particularly aging baby boomers, a big question will be, how can you add years to your life? Many futurists say that will be possible, at least for those who can afford it.By 2020, the complete DNA structure will be mapped. Mr. Cetron said: “Doctors will know a person’s genetic characteristics right from birth, even before birth.”That could guide doctors to tailor life styles and treatments to help patients avoid disorders they are prone to develop. Coupled with genetic medicine, he said, a child born in 2010 could expect to live 120 years.But Mr. Brown of the Worldwatch Institute cautioned that public health and medicine are likely to be challenged by another global trend: the rise in infectious diseases and their increased immunity to antibiotics.Many futurists expect little change in how Americans live in houses in the next few years. “Home behavior changes pretty slowly,”Mr. Millett said. But from 2010 to 2020, he predicts “fundamental change.”37.Which of the following world trends is mentioned in the passage? ba.Futurism is being taken more seriously by more peopleb.Doctors wish to engineer a dramatically different kind of life.c.Diseases capable of being spread will be on the rise.d.Old people will be unwilling to live in nursing houses.38.According to the author, which of the following is NOT true? ca.It took a life time from people’s first flight in the airplane to landing on the moon.b.Changes in the 20th century have come all too soon.c.People are ready to adapt themselves to new conditions.d.People are slow to keep pace with changes in our present world.39.The world Future Society predicts that people will get their vegetables and fruit from whereplants are grown ____d____a. manuallyb. automaticallyc. in good soild. in water40.Which of the following may still be a problem in medicine at the end of the next century? aa.The adaptation of life styles to avoid disorder.b.The mapping of the complete DNA structure.c.The increase of life span beyond 120d.The identification of man’s genetic characteristics.Part III Close (10 points)When the earth was born there was no ocean. The ____traditionally____(41) cooling earth was ____ surrounded ____(42) in heavy ____layers____(43) of cloud, which contained much of the water of the new planet. For a long time its surface was ____ so ____(44) hot that no moisture could fall ____ within ____(45) immediately being reconverted ____ from ____(46) steam. This dense, perpetually renewed cloud covering must have been so thick that ____ no____(47) rays of sunlight could penetrate it. And so the ____rough____(48) outlines of the continents and the empty ocean basins were sculptured out of the surface of the earth in ____ darkness ____(49), in s Stygian (冥界的) world of heated rock and swirling clouds and gloom.As soon as the earth’s ____ surface ____(50) cooled enough, the ____ rains ____(51) began to fall. Never have there been such rains since that time. They fell ____ continuously ____(52), day and night, days passing into months, into years, into centuries. They poured into the waiting ocean basins, or, falling upon the continental masses, ____ran____(53) away to become sea.That primeval ocean, growing ____ all together ____(54) as the rains slowly filled its basins, must have been only ____feebly____(55) salt. But the falling rains were the symbol of the dissolution of the continents. ____ From the moment ____(56) the rains began to fall the lands began to be ____worn away____(57) and carried to the sea, it is an endless, ____inevitable ____(58) process that has never stopped the dissolving of the rocks, the ____ obtaining ____(59) count of their contained minerals, the carrying of the rock fragments and dissolved minerals to the ocean. And ____ for ____(60) the eons of time (极漫长的时期) , the sea has grown ever more bitter with the salt of the continents.41. a. traditionally b. gradually c. contrarily d. incidentally42. a. surrounded b. encircled c. enveloped d. rounded43. a. lines b. coats c. tiers d. layers44. a. very b. so c. too d. as45. a. within b. without c. with d. together with46. a. to b. from c. in d. on47. a. some b. little c. no d. much48. a. thin b. thick c. tough d. rough49. a. daylight b. darkness c. brightness d. moonlight50. a. surface b. plate c. crust d. shell51. a. rocks b. dusts c. clouds d. rains52. a. instantly b. immediately c. continuously d. increasingly53. a. went b. drained c. flowed d. ran54. a. once and all b. in bulk c. in sum d. all together55. a. softly b. fairly c. faintly d. feebly56. a. At the moment b. In a moment c. From the moment d. For a moment57. a. washed down b. torn away c. washed off d. worn away58. a. inexorable b. merciless c. inelastic d. inevitable59. a. separating b. obtaining c. leaching d. gaining60. a. at b. with c. over d. forPart IV Translation: In this part, you are provided with eight passages. Choose one English passage and one Chinese passage at your own wills and translate them into Chinese (10 points) and English (15 points) respectively. (25 points in all)1.Researchers for the first time have directly mapped growing human brains, revealingunsuspected physical changes. The finding, reported in the journal Nature, may help lay the foundations of how best to teach language, mathematics and other crucial mental skills.Every human brain experiences rapid, distinct waves of almost explosive growth that may determine when it is most receptive to learning new skills. Educators have long known that intellectual abilities in language, music and mathematics must be developed before puberty.The researchers followed half a dozen children between the ages of 3 and 15, imaging them repeatedly over the years to create a unique fingerprint of their maturing brains. They found that growth rates in an area of the brain linked to language were slow between the ages of 3 and 6 but speeded up from 7 to 15 years, when children normally fine-tune language skills.研究人员首次通过直接映射成长的人类大脑，揭示了确切的生理变化。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：91

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题She was so（）for the knowledge that she had taught herself all the courses before she went to college.问题1选项A.graveB.greedyC.anxiousD.worried【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。

A选项grave“重大的”；B选项greedy“贪婪的，渴望的”；C选项anxious“焦虑的”；D选项worried“担心的”。

句意：她是对知识是如此的渴望，以至于她在上大学之前就自学了所有的课程。

选项B符合句意。

2.单选题Campaigning on the Indian frontier is an experience by itself. Neither the landscape nor the people find their counterparts in any other portion of the globe. Valley walls rise steeply five or six thousand feet on every side. The columns cram through a maze of giant corridors down which fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass. Amid these scenes of savage brilliancy there dwells a race whose qualifies seem to harmonize with their environment. Except at harvest-time, when self-preservation requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes are always engaged in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only of sun-baked clay, but with battlements, turrets, loopholes, drawbridges, etc. Complete. Every village has its defence. Every family cultivates its vendetta; every clan, its feud. The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are left unpaid. For the purposes of social life, in addition to the convention about harvest-time, a most elaborate code of honour has been established and is on the whole faithfully observed. A man who knew it and observed it faultlessly might pass unarmed from one end of the frontier to another. The slightest technical slip would, however, be fatal. The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to yield with little labour the modest material requirements of a sparse population.Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts; the rifle and the British Government. The first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the second, an unmitigated nuisance. The convenience of the rifle was nowhere more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. A weapon which would kill with accuracy at fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family or clan which could acquire it. One could actually remain in one's own house and file at one's neighbour nearly a mile away. One could lie in wait on some high crag, and at hitherto unheard-of ranges hit a horseman far below. Even villages could fire at each other without the trouble of going far from home. Fabulous prices were therefore offered for these glorious products of science. Rifle-thieves scoured all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady flow of the coveted weapons spread its genial influence throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly enhanced.The action of the British Government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The great organizing, advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathan made forays into the plains, not only were they driven back (which after all was no more than fair), but a whole series of subsequent interferences took place, followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously through the valleys, scolding the tribesmen and exacting fines for any damage which they had done. No one would have minded these expeditions if they had simply come, had a fight and then gone away again. In many cases this was their practice under what was called the “butcher and bolt policy" to which the Government of India long adhered. But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of the valleys, and in particular the great road to Chitral. They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats by forts and by subsidies. There was no objection to the last method so far as it went. But the whole of this tendency to road-making was regarded by the Pathans with profound distaste. All along the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travelers along the road. It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.1.The word debts in "very few debts are left unpaid "in file first paragraph means（）.2.Which of file following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian frontier?3.According to the passage, the Pathans welcomed（）.4.Building roads by the British（）.5.A suitable title for the passage would be（）.问题1选项A.loansB.accountsC.killingsD.bargains问题2选项A.Melting snowsrge populationC.Steep hillsidesD.Fertile valleys问题3选项A.the introduction of the rifleB.the spread of British ruleC.the extension of luxuriesD.the spread of trade问题4选项A.put an end to a whole series of quarrelsB.prevented the Pathans from coming on feudsC.lessened the subsidies paid to the PathansD.gave the Pathans a much quieter life 问题5选项A.Campaigning on the Indian FrontierB.Why the Pathans Resented the British RuleC.The Popularity of Rifles among the PathansD.The Pathans at War【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.词义题。

重庆大学考博英语试题解析

2022年重庆大学英语考试真题卷精选全文

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南政法大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷3

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