中国文化概况 chapter 2
中国文化概况
中国文化概况PPTword版2011-6-6说明：由于西区网络缘故，所发PPT打不开，现将课堂内容PPT转成word版，以此减少笔记的压力。
A Glimpse of Chinese Culture学生版1About This Course▪Time: 24 hours, 2 hours/week，12 weeks.▪Objectives:1)Getting a better understanding of Chinese culture;2)Getting to know the key terms in Chinese culture and their English expressions;3)Obtaining a comparative perspective in Chinese culture4)Cultivating a critical attitude towards Chinese culture▪Requirements1)Class attendances2)Active participation3)Final examinationAbout the Final ExaminationI. Give brief statements to the following topics (20%)II. Fill in the following blanks (20%)III. True or False. (20%)IV. Discuss the following two topics no less than 200 hundred words each. Both English and Chinese are acceptable(40%)注明：1、课程总评计分按学校规定，采用百分制，其中卷面占70%，平时30%。
平时成绩考评，按教务规定。
2、考虑到大一的语言能力表达有限，试卷作答允许中文，但文化现象分析必须符合上课讲授的要求。
中国文化概况课件Unit 1-3chapter 1 Overview
Climate
A warm climate and distinct seasons Continental monsoon climate in China: 1) cold and dry winters; 2) warm and humid summers;
An outline history (10 minutes)
The red color of the flag symbolizes revolution and the yellow color of the stars the golden brilliant rays radiating from the vast red land. The design of the four smaller stars surrounding a bigger one signifies the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
Geography (15 minutes)
Location and Boundary Topography Rivers and Lakes Climate
Location and Boundary
What’s the location of China in the Map?
National Day
Chinese celebrate October 1 as National Day in honour of the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on October 1, 1949.
中国文化概况(English)英语版
Agriculture as Economic Foundation
a farmer’s life is relatively fixed, settled, and relaxingly permanent---"the lack of mobility." (be free from risk and adventure; conservatism)
Farming was the major mode of production and family, the basic unit.
e.g: encouraging farming but limiting commerce, worship the land, fear for the heaven and the earth,
On Human Nature
Mencius
“人无有不善,水无有不下。”
“human nature is originally good”
Xunzi
“人之性恶，其善者伪也。”
“human nature is originally evil”
Imperial Confucianism--- Dong Zhongshu
Yuannan-Guizhou mountainous region; tropical rain forest
ocean
Influence: To provide natural advantages for Chinese culture
1) to develop independently 2) be free from the impact of foreign cultures Thus, Chinese culture is relatively stable , independent and distinctive.
中国文化概况课件Unit 1-3chapter 2 Philosophy and religions
Confucianism
The school takes the teachings of Confucius as its core of thought and regards the words and deeds of Confucius as its highest code (准则) of behavior. It advocates the benevolence and justice, allegiance and forbearance (仁、义、忠、恕), the doctrine of the golden mean (中庸) and values the ethical relations of men.
The philosophy in Pre-Qin times (先秦子学)
The philosophy in Pre-Qin times was marked by the emergence of various ancient philosophical views. The most influential schools were Confucianism (儒家), Taoism (道家), Mohism (墨家) and Legalism (法家)
Legalism
Legalism, begun by Hanfeizi, espouses (主张) laying down laws to unify the thought of people, promoting agriculture to achieve affluence (富裕), waging (进行) wars to gain strength and power, and establishing a system of bureaucracy (官僚制度).
中国文化概况 Chapt 1 An Overview (I)
Different definitions of culture: Culture and cultivate
1) Culture refers to “the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively”. (The New Oxford Dictionary of English, p.447)
3) Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning “to cultivate”) is a term that has various meanings. The word “culture” is most commonly used in three basic senses: a) Excellence of taste (体验) in the fine arts and humanities (人文学科), also known as high culture； b) An integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning； c) The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, /wiki/Culture)
中国文化概论pp2
二、华夏文明的形成
夏是我国第一个王朝，继传17代，历时430 年。上（尚）忠”是夏的特点。历史学家宋镇 豪说：“河南登封告成镇王城岗城址，据说是 ‘禹都阳城’所在。勇于与洪水搏斗，在大地 上开辟生存空间的实干精神，是夏族尚忠文化 的基本精神气质。
二、华夏文明的形成
商自汤受命至纣，历时554年。商以盘庚迁 殷为界，分为前后两期。前期都城多迁移，已 为考古发现所证实。盘庚迁殷后，在河南北部 安阳平原建立起政治中心，由此迅速走向强大， 在武丁时期达到鼎盛。
三、春秋战国的纷争与交融
公元前771年，西周的最后一代王幽王被犬戎所 杀，西周结束。第二年，周平王率众迁都洛邑，开始 了历时500余年的东周时代。以公元前476年为界，东 周又分为春秋、战国前后两期。民力发育激发出的思 想意识，也是百家争鸣极其宝贵的部分。百家争鸣横 贯春秋战国，但也有前后的变化。
三、佛教的传播
2.佛教在南北朝的发展
佛教在南北朝的发展，有南北之分。在南朝， 皇帝和士族对佛教都表现出极大的热情。皇帝佞佛 以梁武帝为最甚，他曾经四次出家，大臣每次都用 巨资把他赎回，这样的行径陈后主也有过。此外， 齐代的竟陵王萧子显，世家大族如琅琊王氏、陈郡 谢氏、庐江何氏等，都崇奉佛法。
三、佛教的传播
3.佛教对南北朝社会、文化的影响
佛教在中国的大规模流传，必然与中国固有的社 会秩序、文化伦理产生矛盾和冲突。在北朝是寺院经 济妨碍国家利益，在南朝则表现为义理的冲突，有沙 门是否应向王者致敬之争，黑白论之争，神灭神不灭 之争以及夷夏之争等。通观当时的争议，调和论是主 流；重佛抑儒的倾向也是明显的。
四、民族大融合
（二）南北对峙的格局
南北对峙是中国历史上一个突出的现象。历史 上的南北对峙与中国地理上的南北分界线有密切的 关系，多体现为北方少数民族政权与南方汉人政权 之间的对峙。在魏晋南北朝时期，曾存在东晋、南 朝与北方十六国、北朝的对峙格局，其中以刘宋与 北魏的对峙最为典型。
中国文化概要 2
Some of the outstanding and legendary women in historyKey words: PowerOutstandingLegendaryDynastyBig constructionLv Zhi----by 杨婕Dou Yifang----by 张雪莲Xiao Zhuang----by 杨柳青 Shang Guanwaner----by 熊茜The Empress of The Western Han Dynast---Dou YifangDou Yifang,posthumous title was Xiaowen queen.She went blind when she under forty years of age.Then,she fought against with darkness and loneness on her own in the rest of her life.She had two sons and a daughter in total.She was the empress of Western Han Dynast.Her husband was the emperor Wen of Han.And she was the emperor jing’s mother of The Western Han Dynasty.Her family was very poor.She started with being a peasant girl.And then she became a shadow in the Palace.At length she became an outstanding woman who helped three emperors of The Western Han Dynast.The teleplay Schemes Of A Beauty almost told us about the life of the empress Dou.On the one hand,it showed us the love between she and the emperor Liu heng.On the other hand,we didn’t know the truth was that though the emperor loved her very much,and he loved a man named Deng Tong deeply too.Judging from these history,we could feel how difficult her life was.Her lived for 71 years,and she believed the Huang Lao school very much.Dou carried on the willing of the fist emperor of Han Liu Bang and developed it.She advocated Zhuang Zi’s belief that govern by doing nothing that goes against nature.It advanced the Rule of Wen and Jing.In some way ,it also made some devotion to the thrive and strong of The Han.She took the control of whole political situation and power of an imperial government and gave a base to the four hundred years of prosperity of the Han Dynast.Dou Yifang went blind when she under forty years ofage.Then,she fought against with darkness and loneness on her own in the rest of her life.She had two sons and a daughter in total.She became the mother of country with she character.Dou was Contented, modest, cautious, honest, virtuous.There is no doubt that she was one of the most outstanding and powerful women around the world.LV Zhi-The wife of HanGaoZu-LiuBang.She is the first woman who wielded power in Chinese history.She married LiuBang when she was 18. She brought up one son and a daughter .And Liu was 15 years older than her. In 202 BC, Liu became the emperor, and lvzhi was the empress.Her life was not as easy as we think so. And when people today remained of her, we usually think about how vicious she was. But actually she was also very kind and virtuous to her husband. On the way to be an emperor, lv helped Liu a lot. After she married Liu, her life was very hard. And during the chu-han war, lv was captured by the XiangYu. And there were four years after she captured.In order to let her son LiuYing become the emperor, she resorted various measures to strengthen her son’s power. And finally she did it. LiuYing was only 17 years old when he became the emperor. So Lv became the real decision maker in the West Han dynasty. Besides, she was not satisfied with this. She wanted her family replace the Liu’s position.By the way, she was very cruel and jealous, and she could do everything to achieve her goal. But she still died without success in her ambition.We all know that although LvZhi had done something really terrible, but indeed she was an excellent and extraordinary woman in the Chinese history. Maybe what she did was just for her family. We should have an objective opinion towards her life.Xiao Zhuang--a legendary in Qing dynastyXiao zhuang，a legendary woman in Qing dynasty. She spent his whole life cultivating her son(Fu lin) and her grandson(Kang xi) to be wise emperors. She is a famous queen and politician in the Chinese ancient history. In her life time, she born several daughters and only one son, which was the emperor in the future.In some words, the son established her as the highest ranking in the harem.There was a legend that xiaozhuang married to his husband’s brother for her son. But her son(fulin) failed to live up to his mother. Fulin gave up to be an emperor, he became a monk. Xiaozhuang had to let her eight-year-old grandson to be an emperor. As we all know, kangxi was one of the greatest emperors in the Qing dynasty.In 1613,xiao zhuang was born in Mongolia. In 1625, she married to huangtaiji when she was 13. From then on, she started his royal career.In 1642, the Qing military captured song hill, the capital of ming military was captured alive. But he was unwilling to tame to Qing dynasty. So, xiaozhuang decided to use the honey-trap to him. Finally, the capital of Ming was surrendered.I n 1643, huangtaiji was dead. Xiaozhuang’s son became the emperor, she became the mother of queen naturally. In order to get the support of the noble of han nation, she broke the tradition that person of Man nation couldn’t marry to person of Han nation. In 1653, she married princess heshuo to wusangui’s son.When kangxi became the emperor, there were some old officials wanted to usurper. Xiaozhuang collected her family’s strength to fight against these officials. When kangxi was 16, with the help of xiaozhuang, kangxi rooted out the four officials.In 1687, xiaozhuang was dead at the age of 75.Here existed several unsolved mysteries about xiaozhuang. She wasn’t buried in the imperial mausoleum. Some people said that she had married to duoergun, so, she had no qualification to be buried in it. The second mystery was whether she married to duoergun. As for statement, it was only a folklore. The authenticity remains to be proved.Whether they are true or not, we can’t deny the contributio n that xiaozhuang had gained. She did make great contribution to thedevelopment of Qing. When xiaozhuang’s son decided to be a monk, she didn’t give up. So, we shouldn’t give up easily. We should accumulate power waiting the eruption in the future.Shang Guan Wan Er -- an imperial concubine of Tang Zhong ZongShang Guan Wan Er has another name called Shang Guan Zhao Rong.And her nickname is Xiao Wan.She is a famous female officials and poet in Tang dynasty.Besides,she is also an imperial concubine of Tang Zhong Zong .Her grandfather is Shang Guan Yi.When her grandfather was killed by because of committing a crime，she was sent into the Ye Court with her mother.During this time,her mother educated her strictly.She was a smart girl.Gradually,she was familiar with books and history.So when she was 14 years old ,Wu Ze Tian put her in an important position.She did everything well,so Wu Ze Tian let her deal with the conduct of public affairs.Then,her power was stronger and stronger.When Tang Zhong Zong got the power back,she was invested with Zhao Rong.After that she had an important influence in politics and culture field.From then on,she began to be in charge of the government decrees and the statement.When she was in power,she advoca ted to enhance women’s social and political position.She founded Xiu Wen Guan and added the bachelor.For she was full of knowledge,she left some famous poems such as Cai Shu Yuan and 25 Poems about Visit Changning Princess’s Liubei pond. Unfortunately,She died when Tang Xuan Zong gathered his warriors to stage a coup.Someone says she is the first female prime minister in history.Most of people don’t think women can be powerful and strong.But there are so many examples that can certify the women can do same things as men.The empress of Western Han Dynast Dou Yifang proved that women can do it on us own.Lv Zhi、Xiao Zhuang and Shang Guanwaner--all history of them could teach us how to be powerfuland outstanding.There are so many outstanding women in the history.Their success experience told us that women should be looked down and women should try to prove and improve our ability .Lv Zhi----by 杨婕Dou Yifang----by 张雪莲Xiao Zhuang----by 杨柳青 Shang Guanwaner----by 熊茜。
中国文化概况 霍永红 Lecture 10 Architecture 2
Doors in Sichuan Province
“Fu” on wall in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province
Door decorations found in Zhejiang
What’s triple function does this carving provide?
Wenshou鸱吻/吻兽 or zoomorphic ornaments are statues of dragons and other animals, that are found on the roofs of Chinese temples, palaces, and homes. Examples of Wenshou as Imperial roof decoration are found within the Imperial Palace Museum of the Forbidden City, Beijing, China.
螭纹/螭吻: ridge-devouring beast 吞脊兽
The Hall of Supreme Harmony
乾清宫/ Palace of Heavenly Purity
坤宁宫 /Palace of Earthly Tranqu concubines
1. Decoration of Imperial Buildings
Imperial roof decoration Chinese guardian lions Western names Appearance Image gallery
1.1 Zoomorphic Ornaments
龙、凤、狮子、天马、海马、狻猊 （suān ní）、押鱼、獬豸（xiè zhì ）、 斗牛、行什（háng shí ）
中国文化概论-2024鲜版
使用规范
遵循国家语言文字工作委员会发布的《现代汉语通 用字表》、《普通话异读词审音表》等规范标准， 注意避免使用生僻字和异体字，正确使用标点符号 等。
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哲学思想与宗教信仰自由政策
Chapter
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儒家思想体系及其影响
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儒家思想的核心观念
仁、义、礼、智、信等。
经典剧目欣赏
各剧种都有其经典剧目，如京剧《穆 桂英挂帅》、豫剧《花木兰》、越剧 《红楼梦》等。
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传统美术创作理念和代表作品
传统美术创作理念
注重意境的表现和情感的传达，追求笔墨的韵味和画面的诗意。
代表作品
中国传统美术作品丰富多样，如山水画、花鸟画、人物画等，代表作品有《清明上河图》、《富春山居图》等。
天文图谱与星表 古代中国天文学家编制了多种天文图谱和星表，如《石氏 星表》、《步天歌》等，为天文研究提供了重要资料。
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医学理论体系构建及治疗方法探讨
中医理论体系
中医以阴阳五行学说为 基础，构建了独特的医 学理论体系，包括脏腑 经络学说、病因病机学 说、诊法治则学说等。
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中药与方剂
地域性
中国文化具有鲜明的地域特色，不同地域的文化在饮食、建筑、 艺术等方面表现出多样性。
民族性
中国文化是多元一体的，由56个民族共同创造，各民族的文化 相互交融、相互影响。
包容性
中国文化具有强大的包容性，能够吸收和融合外来文化，形成独 特的文化景观。
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历史传承与发展脉络
历史传承
中国文化具有悠久的历史传承，自古至今，文化传承从未中断，形成了独特的文化传统。
中国文化概况 复习资料
Chapter 1The Origin of Chinese Culture文化词汇Confucian philosophy 儒家哲学Confucius孔子Mencius孟子the descendants of Y an and Huang 炎黄子孙the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Periods 春秋战国时期The Art of War《孙子兵法》porcelain 瓷器三皇五帝Three Emperors and Five Sovereigns)Gregorian calendar/ solar calendar格里高利历,是国际通用的历法,即公历lunar calendar阴历the Twenty-four Solar Terms二十四节气Chinese Zodiac生肖Chinese Culture---Past and PresentChinese history began with two legendary figures—Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan, who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after centuries of living side by side, these two tribes had gradually merged into（合并，融合）one. Consequently, the Chinese people usually call themselves “the descendants of Yan and Huang”.People at that time believed that the land they lived on was the center of the world, and called their state the "Middle Kingdom"(中国), thus giving China its country name.Traditional Chinese culture is recorded not only in history books and documents, but also in archeological records(考古记载), such as ancient city walls, palaces（宫殿）, temples（寺庙）, pagodas（宝塔）, and grottos（洞窟）; artifacts（史前古器物）, such as bronze objects, weapons, bronze mirrors, coins, jade and pottery objects, and curios; and folk culture, including song and dance, embroidery（刺绣）, cuisine（烹饪）, clothing, tea ceremonies, drinking games, lanterns, riddles, martial arts（武术）, chess and kites. With a continuous history of 5,000 years, it has undergone frequent transformations to produce a rich and vital cultural heritage.In the modern day, with the rise of western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political organization have gained adherents in China. Indeed, within today’s globalized environment, modern cultures interact and cooperate increasingly more with each other. China’s culture of the future will most likely reflect this cross-cultural dimension. Thus, obtaining a solid understa nding of China’s culture of the past is necessary in order to successfully embrace all that the culture has to offer to the world.The Appellation of ChinaChina is the appellation of our country given by foreigners. The porcelain china is the transliteration of the place name Changnan(昌南), which was the old name for Jingdezhen（景德镇）. The porcelain made in Changnan was smooth and bright, and earned another name of artificial jade. It became famous both home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large quantities.As time passed, people in Europe forgot the meaning of Changnan and switched the original meaning of porcelain of the word “china” to the place of its origin.The Alternative Names of China⏹Chixian, Shenzhou(赤县、神州)⏹Jiuzhou (九州)⏹Hua ( 华)⏹Huaxia(华夏)⏹Zhonghua(中华)⏹Hainei(海内)Chinese MythologyChinese Mythology is a collection of cultural history, folktales（民间故事）, and religions that have been passed down in oral or written form. Chinese mythology is similar to modern religion in that they both believe in relationships between mankind and a higher power.Historians have conjectured（推测）that Chinese mythology began in 12th century BC (close to the time of the Trojan War 特洛伊战争). The myths and legends were passed down in oral form for over a thousand years, before being written down in early book such as Shui Jing Zhu and Shan Hai Jing.The classification of myth神话的分类Creation myth 创世神话：Nvwa Created Man(女娲造人）Hero myth 英雄神话：Houyi Shooting the Sun(后羿射日)War myth 战争神话：Yellow Emperor Tackled Human-God(黄帝擒蚩尤)Cultural MosaicHeavenly Stems and Earthly BranchesThe standard Gregorian calendar is generally referred to as the solar calendar in China. The traditional Chinese lunar calendar, also known as the Jiazi calendar, counts the years in sixty-year cycles by combining two series of numbers---the 10 Heavenly Stems and 12 Earthly Branches.The Twenty-four Solar TermsThe traditional Chinese lunar year is divided into twenty-four solar terms, according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic in relationship to the earth. The solar terms designate agricultural periods, and can predict changing seasonal conditions, temperature, and weather throughout the course of the year. They are extremely important to agricultural production.Changes in the four seasons are determined by eight solar terms:立春( the Beginning of Spring),春分( the Spring Equinox ),立夏(the Beginning of Summer ),夏至(the Summer Solstice),立秋(the Beginning of Autumn),秋分( the Autumnal Equinox),立冬( the Beginning of Winter),冬至(the Winter Solstice )Changes in temperature are indicated by five solar terms:小暑Slight Heat ,大暑Great Heat ,处暑the Limit of Heat ,小寒Slight Cold ,大寒Great ColdChanging weather conditions are indicated by seven solar terms:雨水Rain Water ,谷雨Grain Rain ,白露White Dew ,寒露Cold Dew,霜降Frost's Descent ,小雪Slight Snow ,大雪Great Snow .Recurring natural phenomena are indicated by four solar terms:惊蛰the Waking of Insects ,清明Pure Brightness ,小满Grain Full,芒种Grain in EarChinese ZodiacIn ancient times, our ancestors counted the years with 10 heavenly stems and 12 earthly branches. Although this was scientific, most people were illiterate and could not memorize or calculate easily. Thus the animals that influenced people's lives were chosen to symbolize the terrestrial branches: the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey , rooster, dog and pig.Chapter 2 Culinary Culture文化词汇culinary厨房的，烹饪的;烹调用的cuisine烹饪，烹调法;菜肴main food主食,主粮（staple food ）Fire temperature火候food tonic 食补“Food is the first necessity of the people”(“民以食为天。
中国文化概况 chapter 2
The largest canyon in the world, 504.6 km long and 6,009 m deep.
The Grand Canal
• Th The Grand G d Canal C l is i also called Jinghang Canal (1,801 (1 801 km) • The canal was open to navigation over 1,000 years ago. • It passes through one city, four provinces and links five major rivers.
Geography
• • • • Location and Boundary Topography Rivers and Lakes Climate
Location and Boundary
What’s the location of China in the Map?
• Located in the east of the Asian , on the western shore of the continent, Pacific ocean, the PRC has a land area of about 9 9.6 6 million sq km, km and is the third largest country in the world, next only to Russia and Canada. Canada
Chapter 2 An Overview
• 1. Brief introduction to Chinese symbols 2. Geography 3. An outline history 4. Administrative divisions 5. Population 6. Distribution 6 st but o o of the t e Ethnic t cg groups oups 7. The political System 8. Economic Development p and
中国文化概论 第二章
春秋战国是以诸子百家为文化标 春秋战国是以诸子百家为文化标 志，取得累累硕果的历史时期，尤其战国 志，取得累累硕果的历史时期，尤以战国 时期的百家争鸣，更是以文化的空前活跃 和思想的原创性而彪炳史册。诸子百家其 实是对当时众多流派的一种概括性的称呼。 西汉司马谈和刘歆总结为儒家、墨家、道 家、名家、法家、阴阳家、农家、纵横家、 杂家和小说家等。
河南新郑裴李岗文化遗址
锯齿刃石镰
鞋底形石磨盘与石磨棒
七音孔骨笛
仰韶文化
仰韶文化的时间距今为6 000～7 000年
黄河流域影响最大的一种新石器文化，首次发现 于河南省渑池仰韶村。经考古研究，仰韶文化以黄河中 游为中心，分布十分广阔，各遗址大量文化遗存的陶器 制造、纺织制衣、绘画雕塑、文字历法、宫室营建已达 到相当高的水平，与我国古代文献记载炎黄时代的文明 创造完全吻合，展现了中国母系氏族时代从繁荣到衰落 各个时期的社会结构和文化成就，时间延续长达2 000 年，是中华原始文化的核心，也是五千年中华文明的源 头。
《周易》
相传为周文王所作，实际应是西周前期 巫史在大量筮辞基础上，经集体整理、编排创 制的占筮之书，属早期宗教神学著作，商晚期 甲骨、青铜器和陶器上记爻刻划符号是其前 身，由卦象符号和文字两部分组成，运用阴阳 观念对诸符号经过系统排列组合，用以预测和 解释世界万象和人类社会的复杂变化，其中所 蕴涵的观物取象、阴阳交感、相互联系和对立 统一等观念充满辩证思想，对中国人的思维方式和文化进程发挥重大作 用，对后世儒道文化及中国哲学发展产生了深远影响。
[资料解释] 《周易》由卦象符号和文字两部分组成。其中，卦象由乾、坤、震、巽、坎、离、艮、兑8个符 号组成，文字部分包括卦名、爻名、卦辞、爻辞、用辞。卦名是64个易卦名称，爻名是每卦6爻的名 称，而卦辞是64个易卦下的解释文字，爻辞则是卦名之下的384个爻名的解释文字。
2024版中国文化概论全套精品课件
01中国文化概述Chapter文化的定义与特点中国文化注重人与自然、人与社会、人与自我之间的和谐关系。
中国文化强调“仁爱”、“礼制”、“道德”等核心价值观念。
中国文化倡导“自强不息”、“厚德载物”等精神追求。
中国文化的世界影响01020302中国传统文化Chapter儒家思想与道德伦理儒家思想的核心儒家经典儒家道德伦理儒家思想的影响道家思想的核心道家经典道家自然哲学道家思想的影响道家思想与自然哲学法家思想与政治实践法家思想的核心法家经典法家政治实践法家思想的影响墨家思想与社会正义墨家思想的核心兼爱、非攻、尚贤等社会观念。
墨家经典《墨子》等。
墨家社会正义强调平等、互利、反对战争。
墨家思想的影响对中国古代社会思想和科学思想产生一定影响。
佛教思想与宗教信仰佛教思想的核心佛教经典四谛、八正道、十二因缘等宗教观念。
《大藏经》等。
佛教宗教信仰佛教思想的影响强调修行、解脱、慈悲为怀。
对中国文化、艺术、哲学等领域产生广泛影响。
03中国文学艺术Chapter《诗经》《楚辞》唐诗宋词古代散文四大名著元曲与明清传奇关汉卿、王实甫等戏曲家的作品，以及《牡丹亭》《长生殿》等传奇剧作，展现了中国古代戏曲的魅力。
古代绘画与书法中国画书法古代音乐与舞蹈古代音乐古代舞蹈01020304现代诗歌与散文现代绘画与书法现代小说与戏剧现代音乐与舞蹈现代文学艺术发展04中国传统节日与风俗Chapter春节、元宵节等传统节日春节元宵节其他节日清明节端午节其他祭祀节日030201清明节、端午节等祭祀节日中秋节、重阳节等团圆节日中秋节又称月夕、秋节等，是中华民族的传统节日之一，人们会赏月、吃月饼、提灯笼等庆祝活动，寓意着团圆和美满。
重阳节又称登高节、敬老节等，人们会登高、赏菊、喝菊花酒等，也有祭祖和祈福的习俗。
其他团圆节日如七夕节、冬至等，这些节日都与家庭团聚、亲情友情有关，是中国传统文化中强调家庭观念和人情味的重要体现。
少数民族特色节日泼水节01火把节02其他少数民族节日03传统风俗与民间信仰婚嫁习俗01生育习俗02民间信仰0305中国古代科技与发明Chapter四大发明及其影响印刷术造纸术指南针火药唐代发明，应用于军事，改变了战争方式，也促进了烟花文化的发展。
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Stress on the Intuition
Chinese ancient philosophy did not adhere to formal rules of structure and system in thought and often resulted in fragmented (片断的) thoughts written on paper. It was through reflecting on life’s experiences and intuition that philosophical ideas were formed.
Legalism
Legalism, begun by Hanfeizi, espouses (主张) laying down laws to unify the thought of people, promoting agriculture to achieve affluence (富裕), waging (进 行) wars to gain strength and power, and establishing a system of bureaucracy (官僚 制度).
e.g. Confucianism’s knowledge of life through disposition and consciousness; Taoism’s search for spiritual freedom; Buddhism’s “Nirvana” (涅磐).
➢ The Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy
(20 minutes)
➢ The Basic Features of Ancient Chinese Philosophy (10 minutes)
➢ Characteristics of Chinese Ethics and Morality (10 minutes)
The most influential schools were Confucianism (儒家), Taoism (道家), Mohism (墨家) and Legalism (法家)
Confucianism
The school takes the teachings of Confucius as its core of thought and regards the words and deeds of Confucius as its highest code (准则) of behavior.
Ancient Chinese philosophy stresses on harmony, and the pursuit of harmony between man and nature and also between man and man.
E.g. Mencius said “Opportunities vouchsafed by Heaven are less important than terrestrial advantages, which in turn are less important than the unity among people. (天时不如地利，地利不 如人和) ”
Stress on Practice
Chinese ancient philosophers were concerned with the relationship between knowledge and practice.
Example: “To prefer it is better than only to know it. To delight in it is better than merely to prefer it, To delight in it is better than merely to prefer it.”(知之者不如好之 者，好之者不如乐之者。)
Spiritual Life over Material Life
Chinese people advocate morality in their behavior.
Self-cultivation in morals is emphasized, and is considered to be more important than one’s material life.
The Development of Chinese Philosophy
The philosophy in Pre-Qin times (先秦子学) The orthodox philosophy during the Han
Dynasty (两汉经学) Metaphysics during the Wei and Jin dynasties
In politics and ethics, Mohism proposes honoring virtuous people, opposing fatalism (宿 命论) and aggressive wars, and upholding thriftiness and simple funerals.
Based on the work of Dao De Jing, Taoism promotes the belief that a person should live a simple life, not to strive for wealth, fame or power, which will only give one worries and trouble.
➢ Seeking Harmony and Maintaining Equilibrium(平衡)
➢ 2. Collectivism over Individualism ➢ 3. Spiritual Life over Material Life
Seeking Harmony and Maintaining Equilibrium (平衡)
A Glimpse of Chinese Culture
Chapter 2 Philosophy and Religions
本章教学的目的
1. 中国古代哲学发展及内容的基本了解; 2. 中国主要宗教的基本概况; 3. 中国传统美德的继承和发扬。
本章教学的重难点
1. 中国古代哲学的发展史; 2. 中国哲学的基本特点及伦理道德; 3. 中国道教和佛教; 4. 学生PPT展示。
To Chinese people, harmony is powerful word. Maintaining equilibrium is the ultimate purpose of harmony.
Collectivism over Individualism
Traditional Chinese values attach great importance to collective interest. An individual’s values can be realized only within society as a whole, as that is the groundwork of one’s existence.
本章教学的时间安排
教师课堂讲解 (70 minutes)
➢ Chinese Philosophy (40 minutes) ➢ Chinese Religions (30 minutes)
PPT 展示 (30 minu源自es)Chinese Philosophy (40 minutes)
dynasties (明清实学)
The philosophy in Pre-Qin times (先秦子学)
The philosophy in Pre-Qin times was marked by the emergence of various ancient philosophical views.
Characteristics of Chinese Ethics and Morality
Traditional Chinese ethics that reflect the high standard or moral pursuit of the Chinese people and embrace ethical wisdom of lasting value:
Stress on Morality
Every school of ancient Chinese philosophy was a kind of moral philosophy. Almost every philosophy stressed moral practice.
Stress on Harmony
It advocates the benevolence and justice, allegiance and forbearance (仁、义、忠、恕), the doctrine of the golden mean (中庸) and values the ethical relations of men.
(魏晋玄学) The buddhist philosophy during the Sui and
Tang dynasties (隋唐佛学) Neo-confucianism in Song and Ming dynasties
(宋明理学) Application philosophy in the Ming and Qing
The Basic Features of Chinese Ancient Philosophy