大学英语复习资料：英国文学与文化复习提纲

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英国文学史及选读复习提纲

英语专业《英国文学》复习要点教材名称：英国文学史主编：刘炳善出版社：上海外语教育出版社第一章古英语和中古英语时期1、古英语时期是指英国国家和英语语言的形成时期。

最早的文学形式是诗歌，以口头形式流传，主要的诗人是吟游诗人scop。

到基督教传入英国之后，一些诗歌才被记录下来。

这一时期最重要的文学作品是英国的民族史诗《贝奥武夫》，用头韵体写成。

2、古英语时期（1066—1500）从1066年诺曼人征服英国，到1500年前后伦敦方言发展成为公认的现代英语。

文学作品主要的形式有骑士传奇，民谣和诗歌。

在几组骑士传奇中，有关英国题材的是亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士的冒险故事，其中《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》代表了骑士传奇的最高成就。

中世纪文学中涌现了大量的优秀民谣，最具代表性的是收录在一起的唱咏绿林英雄罗宾汉的民谣。

3、最重要的诗人是被称为“英国诗歌之父”的乔叟，代表作是《坎特伯雷故事集》，取得了很高的艺术成就。

他首创了诗歌的双韵体----每两行压韵的五步抑扬格，后被许多英国诗人采用。

乔叟用伦敦方言写作，奠定了用英语语言进行文学创作的基础，促进了英语语言文学的发展。

第二章文艺复兴时期1. 文艺复兴运动源于14世纪的意大利，后遍及欧洲各国，在英国兴起较晚。

“文艺复兴”一词原意是指古希腊，罗马文学艺术的复苏，但事实上决不是简单的对古希腊罗马文学艺术的学习模仿。

文艺复兴运动的核心思想是人文主义思想，表现为尊重人的尊严和力量，关注现世生活，鼓励人们对幸福生活的追求。

代表的是新兴资产阶级反封建，反教会的思想和要求。

文艺复兴运动的思想家，人文主义者是托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More），他的作品《乌托邦》描绘了一个理想的未来社会，他因此被认为是空想社会主义的先驱。

2. 文艺复兴时期的英国文学得到了空前的发展，在诗歌，散文和戏剧方面尤其兴盛。

诗歌方面，新的诗体形式如十四行诗，无韵体诗被介绍到英国。

莎士比亚除了戏剧创作之外也是一位伟大诗人，著有两部叙事诗，两部长诗和154首十四行诗。

英国文学复习纲要

I. The Old English Literature.1.Beowulf: definition, writing style, and its significance——pagan poetry.——the national epic of the English people——a long narrative poem, which describes the heroic deeds of the hero Beowulf in fighting against the monster of Grandel, his revengeful mother, and a fire-breathing dragon. The main rhetoric methods used in the poem are alliteration, metaphor, and heavy stress. Beowulf is shown not only as a glorious hero, but also as a protector of the people. Thematically, the poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage the heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the natural world. The poem is the mingling of nature, myths, and heroic legends.2.epic: a long narrative poem in a dignified style, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing the details of the heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or a nation.3.Sir Gawain and the Green knight: the culmination of the Arthurian romances.4.Alfred the Great:——he is not only a prose writer, but also a king of W essex.——his most important work: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.5.Caedmon: the first religious poet of the history of the English literature; his work Chirst .II. The medieval literature: the prevailing form of literature of this period is the romance.1. Geoffey Chaucer: the father of English poetry——the most important writer in the 14th century, the other most important writer is Langland.——one of the greatest narrative poets of England——his works vividly reflected the changes and the social conditions of his time ——his major works：The Canterbury Tale s; Romance of the rose; The Legends of Good W omen; The House of Fame; The Parliament of Fawls;——a pre-humanist——his contributions to English language.2.The Canterbury Tales——one of the most famous works in all literature——It presents us a vivid picture of contemporary English life, its works and its play, its deeds and dreams, its fun and sympathy and hearty joy of living such as no other single work of literature has ever equaled.——The prologue is a splendid masterpiece of realistic portrayal, the first its kind in the history of English literature.——In this poem, Chaucer's realism,trenchant irony and freedom of views reached such a high level of power that it had no equal in all the English literature up to the 16th century.——his work is permeated with buoyant free-thinking. He believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is always keen to praise man's energy, intellect,quick wit and the love for life.——the brief analysis of the opening of the Prologue:3.Ballads——they are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission.——Bishop Thomas Percy —Reliques of Ancient English Poetry.——various kinds of ballads: historical, legendary.,fantastical, lyrical, humourous.——major representatives: Robin Hood; Get Up and Bar the Door; Sir Patrick Spens.III. The English Renaissance1.Background:economic, political, religious, social, and culture.2.The essence: humanism. The humanist belief and pursue that men do not only have the right to pursue the earthly happiness, but also can perfect himself and the present life. They respect human's value and dignity. Man could mould the world according to his desires and attain happiness by removing all external checks by the exercise of reason.3.The major writers: Thomas More; Sidney; Raleigh; Edmund Spenser; John Lyly; Morlowe; Shakespeare; Francis Bacon; Ben Johnson4.Thomas More——Utopia is his masterpiece, written in the form of a conversation between More and Hythloday, a returned voyager. It is divided into 2 books. Book 1 is a picture of contemporary of England with forcible exposure of the poverty among the labouring class, the greed and luxury among the rich, and an eagerness for war on the part of the rulers. In book 2 we have a sketch of an ideal commonwealth in some unknown ocean, where property is held in common and there is no poverty.5.Sidney——his collection of love sonnets: Astrophel and Stella.——Apology for Poetry is one of the earliest English literary essays.6.Raleigh——he is remembered in literary history for his Discovery of Guiana,an account of exploration.——History of the World, handful of lyrics.7.Ednund Spenser——the Poet's poet——he is the first master to make Modern English the natural music of his poet effusions.——The Shepherd's Calender, a pastoral poem in 12 books, one for each month of a year. The shepherds in the poem represent the poet and his friend. It marked the budding of the Renaissance flower in the northern island of Egland.——Epithalamion, a beautiful sonnet sequence and marriage ode, to celebrate this successful love affair culminating in marraige.——The Faerie Queene, a long poem planed in 12 books of which he finishedonly 6. It is written in a special verse form that consists of 8 iambic pentameter line followed by a 9th line of 6 iambic feet, with the rhyme scheme ababbcbcc (the Spenserian Stanza )8.John Lyly——Euphues, written in a peculiar style known as "Euptuism", which consists in the use of balanced sentences and words alliterating, riming or identical.9.Marlowe——the most gifted of the "university wits "——his best works includes 3 of his plays, Tamburlaine (1587), The Jew of Malta (1592), and Dr Faustus (1588)10.Shakespeare——。

英国文化复习提纲

British Culture and Society(key points)Chapter I An Introduction of the United Kingdom⏹GeographyNational flag and national emblemFull nameCompositionTerritoryTopography: highland and lowlandWeather⏹PopulationMajority: whites⏹Conurbations and MetropolisesCapitals and major citiesMain information of each part:London: cultural, business and financial centerScotland: most confident of its identityWelsh language; the Prince of Wales;Partition of Northern IrelandChapter II People and History•National formationCelts;Romans;Anglo-Saxons: forefathers of the EnglishVikings;Other races.• A history of memory1. The prehistoric period: Stonehenge2. The Romans55BC--- the Roman general Julius Caesar invaded Britain43AD --- The Roman emperor Claudius Caesar conquered Britain (except Scotland and Northern Ireland)Building roads, plumbing, buildingsRoman BathsThe first written records of British societyChristianity3. The Anglo-Saxons ( After 410 AD)Angles; Saxons; JutesKing Alfred the Great (the kingdom of Wessex)---the first king to rule most of EnglandChristianity since 597 ADOld EnglishCeltic languages3. The Anglo-Saxons ( After 410 AD)In 865, a Great Army of Danish Vikings invaded England with fierce battles for several years5. The NormansThe Normans:the descendents of the VikingsWilliam, Duke of Normandy(William the Conqueror) (1066)6. The Middle Ages (1066---1485)“The dark ages”---scarcity of reliable historical informationKing John --- Magna Carta in 1215The Hundred Years War (1337---1453)The Wars of the Roses (1455---1485)FeudalismThe Black Death---a plague halving the population in Europe7. The Tudor Monarchy (1485---1603)Henry VIII --- Reformation of the ChurchQueen Mary I --- Persecuting Protestants--- “Bloody Mary”Elizabeth I ---“The Golden Age”Enclosure Movement8. The StuartsKing James I ( King James VI of Scotland)--- the first king of the whole of Great Britain--- The Gunpowder Plot in 1605 ( Bonfire Night)---“Pilgrims Fathers”in Mayflower--- the King James Bible /Authorized Version--- The Divine Right of KingsKing Charles IOliver CromwellKing Charles II ( The Merry Monarch)9. The Hanover (Georgian age)George I ---the ruler of Hanover in GermanyGeorge III---The American War of Independence (1775-1783)A Calm and Stable societyQueen Victoria (1819---1901)10. The Windsor (Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha) (1910---) Edward VII ---the World War IGeorge V --- changed the name of the house into Windsor Edward VIII---Abdicated the throne for Wallis Simpson George VIElizabeth II11. The 20th Century---World War I and World War II---The first Labour government came into power in 1924 --- Prime Minister Winston Churchill--- Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher(The first-ever woman Prime Minister in Britain)--- losing an Empire。

英国文学复习教学提纲

英国文学复习教学提纲1. Arcadia2. The Shepherds Calendar3. The Advancenient of Learning4. King Midas5. The Jew of Malta6. As You Like It7. Othello8. Julius Caesar9. Every Man in His Humour10. The Alchemist11．Songs and Sonnets12．The Temple13．Lycidas14. Samson Agonistes15. Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners16. The Pilgrim's Progress17. Absalom and Achitophel18. Annus Mirabilis19. Paradise Regained20. The Hind and the Panther1. Anglo-Saxon conquest happened in the 5th century.2. The first Englishmen are Anglo-Saxons.3. The history of English literature began with Anglo-Saxon settlement in Britain.4. Beowulf is the most important specimen of Old English literature.5. The main stories of Beowulf are based on the folk legends of the primitive northern tribes.6. Beowulf presents an all-round life picture of the tribal society.7. The use of alliteration, metaphors, understatements strong stresses and predominance of consonants is a notable feature of Beowulf.8. The first known religious poet in England is Caedmon.9. When we talk about the Old English prose the first name that comes into our mind is Venerable Bede.10. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is Alfred the Great's most important contribution to the Old English prose literature.11. The Norman Conquest brought the body of customs and ideals known as chivalry into England.12. After the Norman Conquest, the knightly code, the romantic interest in women tenderness and reverence paid to Virgin Mary were reflected in English literature.13. The prevailing literary form in the feudal England was the romance.14. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the culmination of the romances about King Arthur.15. William Langland wrote about social discontent and preached the equality of men and dignity of labour.16. Piers Plowman describes the narrator's dream visions.17. Chaucer is acclaimed not only as the father of English poetry but also as the father of English fiction.18. The Romaunt of the Rose, the most popular poem of Middle Ages, was one of Chaucer’s translations from French.19. Being one of the forerunners of modernism, Chaucer praises man's energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life.20. One of Chaucer's great contributions to English poetry is his introduction of French poems to English poetry.31. The keynote of English Renaissance was humanism.32. Elizabethan poetry is remarkable for its variety, freshness, youthfulness and its romantic feeling.33. One of the great contributions made by Thomas Wyatt to English poetry is the introduction of the sonnet.34．Henry Howard is credited with introducing the blank verse into English poetry.35. Three cycles of sonnets were produced in the Renaissance period. The first one is Astrophel and Stella.36. The Faerie Queene contains six stories about the adventures of knights, who are made to be allegorical characters by Edmund Spenser.37. The dominating thoughts of The Faerie Queene are nationalism, humanism and Puritanism.38. It is likely that when writing Hamlet Shakespeare borrowed somethingfrom The Spanish Tragedy.39. When Shakespeare wrote King Lear and Macbeth, he mainly relied on Holinshed's Chronicles.40. In writing plays, Ben Jonson insisted on adherence to the three unities.ine IILCrarure of41. The literature of the Revolution Period is different from the literature of Elizabethan Period.42. The works of the Metaphysical Poets are characterised by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.43. The poems by the Metaphysical poets are full of farfetched conceits.44. John Milton wrote the finest pastoral elegy in English, Lycidas, to memorialise the tragic death of a Cambridge friendand classmate.45. The stories of Paradise Lost were taken from the Old Testament.46. Paradise Lost was written in blank verse.47. Milton’s poetry is noted for sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.48. In The Pilgrim’s Progress, the allegorical narrative is based on the idea of a journey.49. In describing the Vanity Fair, Bunyan draws a satirical picture not only of London at the time of the Restoration but of the whole bourgeois society.50. Dryden's greatest work of literary criticism is An Essay of Dramatic Poesy.T 1. After Anglo-Saxon conquest, seven small kingdoms appeared in Britain and later they were combined into a united kingdom named England.F 2. Anglo-Saxon literature is exclusively a prose literature in oral form. T3. English poetry in the Anglo-Saxon period falls into two groups: non-religious and religious.T 4. Beowulf is the oldest surviving epic in the English language.T5. Beowulf reflects how people in the tribal society fought against nature.F 6. Caedmon's legendary life story is described by Bede in The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.F7. Historia Ecclesiastica describes how religion was introduced and spread in England.T 8. Venerable Bede is the first scholar in English literature and has been regarded as the father of English learning.F 9. The Ecclesiastical History of the English People is the bestmonument of the Old English prose.T 10. Cynewulf took his poetical subject matter partly from the church liturgy, but more largely from the homilies of Gregory the Great.F 11. After Norman Conquest, three languages were used in England. They were French used by the Normans, Latin used by scholars and clergymen,。

大学英国文学知识提纲及试题

pagan poem)King Alfred —“英国散文之父father of English prose ”，作品：Anglo-Saxon Chronicle●Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance 人文主义是文艺复兴时期的核心。

(相信人有能力使自身完美，并强调个人价值的重要性、赞颂当前生活的美好。

) ●诗歌poetry ，诗歌式戏剧poetic drama ，散文prose (essay) 是主要的文学形式。

●戏剧drama 是英国文艺复兴最大的成就。

伊丽莎白时期（16世纪—17世纪初）是英国戏剧的高峰golden age 。

● 英国文化复兴的3个时期： The beginning period (1516—1578)The flowering period (1578—1625) ——伊丽莎白时期 “a nest of singing birds ”【莎士比亚】The epilogue period (1625—1660)世纪前半叶最有趣的诗人，第一个把sonnet 引进英国文学。

英国文学史上第一个创作无韵诗blank verse 的诗人。

“诗人中的诗人the poet ’s poet ”，“诗圣”，“桂冠诗人poet laureate ”，伊丽莎白时期最伟大的非戏剧诗人。

开创“斯宾塞诗体Spenserian stanza ”，作品：the Faerie Queene初始阶段伟大的人文主义者，著作：Utopia【of studies 】【of truth 】58篇散文，英国散文史上的一座里程碑。

)英国剧作家和小说家，作品：Euphues (euphuism 夸饰文体)人性对知识和幸福的渴求)【Marlowe 最好”28首献给黑女士，描写爱情】Twelfth Night ； Much Ado About Nothing钦定版圣经King James Bible （1611年）—英语及英国文学的一个里程碑monument 。

英国文学期末复习提纲

英国文学期末复习提纲英国文学提纲一、5个术语上册3个1.Alliteration 头韵Alliteration is the repetition of the same sound or sounds at the beginning of tow or more words that are next to or close to each other.Of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.2.Allegory 寓言体An allegory is a story or description in which the characters and events symbolize some deeper underlying meaning and serve to spread moral teaching.Rrepresentative works are Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene, John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress.3.Heroic Couplet 英雄双韵体Two successive rhyming lines of iambic pentameter五步抑扬格. The second line is usually end-stopped. It was common practice to string long sequences长序列of heroic couplets together in a pattern of aa, bb, cc, dd, ee, ff (and so on).Example:But when to mischief mortals bend their will ,How soon they find fit instruments of ill !(Pope: The Rape of the Lock, III,125-126)4.Humanism 人文主义Humanism is a movement of philosophy and ethics that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers individual thought andevidence (rationalism, empiricism) over established doctrine or faith (fideism).Humanism was the keynote of the Renaissance. People ceased to look upon themselves as living only for God and a future world. They began to admire human beauty and human achievement. Man is no longer the slave of the external world. He can mould the world according to his desires, and attain happiness by removing all external checks.5.Sonnet 十四行诗A sonnet is a lyric invariably of fourteen lines, usually in iambic pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme.There are three types：(1) The Petrarchan or Italian sonnet is divided into an octave which rhymes abba abba, and a sestet usually rhymes cde cde, or cdc dcd. The sestet usually replies to the argument of the octave.(2) Spenserian sonnet is a nine-line stanza of iambics rhymed abab bcbc cdc dee. The first eight lines are pentameters; the final line is a hexameter.(3) Shakespearean sonnet has three quatrains and a final couplet which usually provides an epigrammatic statement of the theme. Therhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg.6.Ballads 民谣Ballads are stories told in sound and usually in four-line stanzas with even number lines rhymes. They were created collectly by the people and constantly revised through the process of being handed down with mouth.A. The beginning is often abrupt.B. There are strong dramatic elements.C. The stories are often told through dialogue and action.D. The ballad meter is used.7.Spenserian Stanza 斯宾塞诗节A nine-line stanza rhyming in an ababbcbcc pattern in which the first eight lines are iambic pentameter and the last line is an iambic hexameter line. The name Spenserian comes from the form’s most famous user, Spenser, who used it in The Fairie Queene.8.Blank verse 无韵诗V erse in iambic pentameter without rhyme scheme, often used in verse drama in the sixteenth century and later used for poetry.9.Romance 传奇故事Romance generally concerns knights and involves a large amount of fighting as well as a number of miscellaneous adventures. Romance embody the life and adventures of knights and is characteristic of theearly feudal age, as it reflects the spirits of chivalry. The content of romance is usually about love, chivalry, and religion.10.Epic 史诗Epic is an extended narrative叙事体poem in elevated严肃的or dignified庄严的language, It usually celebrates the feats of one or more legendary传奇的or traditional heroes. The action is simple, but full of magnificence宏伟. Today, some long narrative works, like novels that reveal an age & its people, are also called epic. like Homer’s Iliad & Odyssey.Features①The hero is a figure of imposing sta ture②The setting is vast in scope③The action consists of deeds of great valor or requiring superhuman courage④A style of sustained elevation and grand simplicity is used下册2个1.Romanticism 浪漫主义In the mid-18th century, a new literary movement called romanticism came to Europe and then to England. It was characterized by a strong protest against the bondage束缚of neoclassicism, which emphasized强调reason, order and elegant wit. Instead, romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty.2.Modernism 现代主义Modernism is a rather vague term which is used to apply to the works of a group of poets,novelist,painters,and musicians between 1910 and the early years after the world warⅡ.The term includes various trends or schools,such as imagism, expressionism, dadaism, stream of consciousness, and existentialism.Alienation and loneliness are the basic themes of modernism.The characteristics of modernist writings can be summed up as /doc/e36199962.html,plexity and obscurity, the use of symbols,allusion,irony.3.Dramatic Monologue 戏剧独白诗A poem in which a poetic speaker addresses either the reader or an internal listener at length. It is similar to the soliloquy in theater, in that both a dramatic monologue and a soliloquy often involve the revelation of the innermost thoughts and feelings of the speaker. One famous examples is Browning’s “My Last Duchess”.4.Stream-of-consciousness 意识流Stream of consciousness, which presents the thoughts of a character in the random, seemingly unorganized fashion in whichthe thinking process occurs, has the following characteristics. First, it reveals the action or plot through the mental processes of the characters rather than through the commentary of an omniscient author. Second, character development is achieved through revelation of extremely personal andoften typical thought processes rather than through the creation of typical characters in typical circumstances. Third, the action of the plot seldom corresponds to real, chronological time, but moves back and forth through present time to memories of past events and drams of the future. Fourth, it replaces narration, description, and commentary with dramatic interior monologue and free association.二、作家作品匹配（看笔记）三、诗歌赏析1. Shakespeare - Hamlet 上册P128 Note 1&2To be or not to be:that is the question,2. Bacon - Of Studies 上册P145Bacon’s 58 essays were published in 1625. They are the author;s reflections and comments, mostly on rather abstract subjects, such as “Of Truth”, “Of Friendship”, and “O f riches”. They are known for their conciseness, brevity, simplicity and forcefulness.◆第一部分：It is about the purpose of studiesA. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.B. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience; for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.◆第二部分：It is about the way to study.Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and takefor granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.◆第三部分：It is about the relationship between studies and characteristic.A. Reading maketh a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.B. Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep, moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.With these two rhetorical devices, the sentences have become more simple and the important points are highlighted. In such sentences, parallelism and ellipsis bring great help to express Bacon’s strong emotions.3. Shelley - Ode to the west wind 下册P52-55第一段If winter comes, can spring be far behind?Death & Rebirthdrive his dead thoughts (like the dead leaves) across the universe in order to prepare the way for new birth in the spring 西风已经成了一种象征，它是一种无处不在的宇宙精神，一种打破旧世界，追求新世界的西风精神。

英国文学史复习大纲Time of English literature

Time of English literature1.The old English古英语(or Anglo-saxon盎格鲁–撒克逊) period(449-1066)2.The middle English period（1066-1485）杰弗里·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer-坎特伯雷故事集-the father of English literature3.The English Renaissance文艺复兴时期文学(1485-1 660)-the rebirth of learning/letters威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare四大悲剧The four great tragedies哈姆雷特Hamlet/奥赛罗Othello/李尔王king lear麦克白Macbeth四大喜剧The four comedies威尼斯商人The Merchant of venice/仲夏夜之梦A Mi dsummer Night's Dream/皆大欢喜As You Like It/第十二夜Twelfth nightThe beginning of the English Renaissance英国文艺复兴的开始(1485-1558)The Elizabethan Age伊丽莎白时代(二世）(1558-1 603)The 17th Century(1603-1660)Two representatives of t he puritan清教徒writers:Milton&Bunyan约翰·弥尔顿John Milton-失乐园Paradise Lost (Epic 长篇叙事诗、史诗）-justify the ways of god to man 英雄双韵体Heroic Couplet(1五音步抑扬格iambic pe ntameter 2押尾韵对偶句3韵尾为AA BB CC DD...不重复4风格简洁)约翰·班扬John Bunyan-天路历程The Pilgrim's Progr essWho use pen to defend the English commonwealth联邦——约翰·邓恩John Donne-跳蚤the flea-（the great met aphysical poet）玄学诗歌安德鲁·马维尔Andrew Marvell-致羞涩的情人To hi s coy Mistress罗伯特·赫里克Robert Herrick采摘含苞的玫瑰要起早-cavalier poets骑士诗歌约翰·德莱顿John Dryden-论戏剧诗An essay of Dr amatic poesy-try to build unvirsal rules for the constr uction of drama4.The Restoration复辟and the eighteenth century(o r the neoclassical period新古典主义时期)(1660-1798) 丹尼尔·笛福Daniel Defoe-鲁滨逊漂流记Robinson Crusoe现实主义乔纳森·斯威夫特Jonathan Swift-格列佛游记gulliver's travelsThe Augustan Age奥古斯都的时代(1770 -1745)The Neoclassical Decline新古典主义的衰落(1745-1798)5.The Age of Romanticism浪漫主义时期(1 798-1832)Romanticism is a movement of the eighteen th and nineteenth century, which markedthe reaction in literature, philosophy, art, religio n, and politics from the neoclassicism and formal orthodoxy 正统观念of the preceding peri od.Features of Romanticismngs2) The Creation of a world of Imagination3) The Return to Nature for Material4) Sympathy with the Humble and Glorification of the Commonplace5) Emphasis Upon the Expression of Individua l Genius6) The Return to Milton and Elizabethans for Lit erary Models7) The Interest in Old Stories and Medieval Rom ances8) A Sense of Melancholy and Loneliness9) The Rebellious Spirit威廉·布莱克William Blake--he is care about the slavery about their inner spirtual liberty than their political and social liberty.纯真之歌song of innocence/经验之歌song of experience/擦烟囱的少年the chimney sweep er /病玫瑰The Sick Rose/天堂和地狱的婚姻t he marriage of heaven dand hellTwo Schools of Romanticistsa.The Passive Romanticists消极浪漫主义These were Romantic writers who reflected t he thinking of classes ruined by the bourgeoi sie, and by way of protest against capitalist development turned to the feudal past, i.e. th e merry old England as their ideal, or frighte ned by the coming of industrialism. ( Cavali er Poets). They were represented bv William Words Worth. Coleridge, and Southey.b.The Active Romanticists积极浪漫主义They were people who expressed the aspirati ons of the classes created by capitalism and held out an ideal, though a vague one, oi a future society free from oppression and exploitation. These were vounaer and sometimes called act ive romanticistsrepresented bv Byron. Shelley, and Keats威廉·华兹华斯William Wordsworth-诗乃自发溢出的强烈情感Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powe rful feelings.抒情歌谣集Lyrical Ballads咏水仙I Wandered Lonely as a CloudI wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o’er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.The waves beside them danced; but theyOut-did the sparkling waves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed --- and gazed --- but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.珀西·比希·雪莱Percy Bysshe Shelley-西风颂Ode to the West Wind致云雀To a Skylark奥兹曼迪斯Ozymandias文学精神是政治和社会革命的诞生物Literary spirit as the accompaniment political and social revolution浪漫主义是文学的革命形式Romanticism is the literar y form of the revolution约翰·济慈John Keats-夜莺颂Ode to a Nightingale秋颂To Autumn简·奥斯汀Jane Austen-outward(生活平静）-inward(故事跌宕起伏）理智与情感Sense and Sensibility傲慢与偏见Pride and Prejudice-It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. 凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的道理。

英国文学史复习资料

英国文学史复习资料
以下是一些关于英国文学史的复习资料：
1. 《英国文学的发展与演变》（The Development and Evolution of British Literature）：这本书提供了英国文学史的全面概述，从中世纪到现代不同时期的文学作品和文学流派都有介绍。

2. 《英国文学史导论》（Introduction to British Literary History）：这本导论书通过对英国文学史的重要事件、作家和作品进行深入讲解，帮助读者理解英国文学的演变和发展。

3. 《英国文学史简明教程》（A Short History of English Literature）：这本书以简明清晰的语言介绍了英国文学史的重要内容，包括不同时期的文学作品和重要作家的生平和作品。

4. 网络资源：有许多网站提供关于英国文学史的资料和学
术文章，如英国文学史学术网站、大学的文学部门网站等。

你可以在搜索引擎上搜索英国文学史相关的关键词，找到
适合你的学习资料。

5. 学术论文和专著：在学术期刊和图书馆中，你可以找到
许多针对英国文学史的研究论文和专著，这些都是深入了
解英国文学史的重要资源。

无论使用哪种资料，重要的是要有系统地学习和复习英国
文学史，理解各个时期的文学作品和文学流派的特点和发
展趋势，同时熟悉一些重要的作家和作品。

【精品】第三版英国文学复习资料.doc

1. What does "to be" mean? Quote and then explain. L1 p82. What does "not to be" mean? Quote and then explain. L1 p83. 11 ,Tis a consumation devoutly to be wish'cT--what is this idealstate, according to Hamlet?L2-3 p94. What is death compared to? What make one hesitate to end thetroubles of life by death?5"There's the respect that makes calamity of so long llong life"-— how do you understand the line?L7-8 p9fe"6. What "puzzled the will" of death? L19 p97. What influence do thoughts have upon resolution and action?(open question)8. What is the internal conflict that Hamlet is going through?(personal understanding)9. When, where and how should he punish the murderer and bringjustice back to the world? Give your personal ideas, (open question) —-how do you understand the line?L7-8 p91 Which is nobler, to suffer the injuries of bad fortune, or to take armsagainst the sea of troubles?27b die is to sleep. In the sleep, we can get free from all the troubles that obsess us in this world.3Death is the best end of our sufferings.4No, no! lb die is not to sleep. Perhaps to die is to dream. In the sleep of death both good dreams and bad dreams may come.5Such a thought makes us hesitate.6Life is horrible. Life is full of such bad things as the oppressor's wrong and the insolence( conceit, arrogance) of office.7That patient merit...with a bare bodkin:本来一把短剑就可以了结一切，可我们为什么还要寄人篱下苟活于世？8We can not bear such a bad life. But at the same time, we dare not go to the other world.活下去还是不活，这是个问题；要做到高贵，究竟该忍气吞声来容受狂暴的命运矢石交攻击呢，还是该挺身反抗无边的苦恼，扫它个干净？死，就是睡眠——就这样；而如果睡眠就等于了结了心痛以及千百种身体要担受的皮痛肉痛，那该是正求之不得啊！死，就是睡眠；睡眠也许要做梦，这就麻烦了！我们一旦摆脱了尘世的牵缠在死的睡眠里还会做些什么梦，一想到就不能不踌躇。

英国文学复习提纲加诗歌赏析方法

I.P ART ONE. EARL Y&MEDIEV AL1.Beowulf: the national epic史诗of the Anglo-SaxonsBeowulf aga in st: mon ster Gren del, she-m on ster and a fire drago nArtistic features: Using alliteration (头韵)Using metaphor (比喻)and understatement (陈述)2.The Class Nature of the Romance They were comp osed for the n oble, of the no ble, and in most cases by the p oets patroni zed by the no ble.3.Geoffery Chaucer: The father of En glish p oetry/ the foun der of En glish p oetry The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集：英国文史上现实主义第一部杰作first time to use ‘ heroic co双韵体)by middle EnglishII.The Renaissance P eriod1.The Renaissance & Humanism: R: 2 features: a curiosity for classical literature (Greek & Lati n) —dissatisfacti on at Catholic & feudal ideas/ activities of huma nity—new feeli ng of admirati on for huma n beauty & achieveme ntH: the key-note of R, new outlook of the risi ng bourgeois class2.Francis Bacon弗兰西斯？培根：Essays随笔(famous quotas: Of studies)3.Drama: the miracle P 奇迹剧(Bible story); the morality P 道德剧(abstract characters/co nflict of good&evil with allegorical person ages); the in terlude 幕间喜居U (short/i nterest in g); the classical drama(+Greek &Lati n/rules&structure&style/5 acts);4.Shakes peare:Four Comedies: As You Like It 皆大欢喜；Twelfth Night; A Midsummer Night ' s Dream; Mercha nt Of Ven ice 威尼斯商人Four Tragedies: Hamlet; Othello 奥赛罗；Ki ng Lear 李尔王；Macbeth 麦克白154 Sonn et: Three quatra in and one coup let, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic 抑扬格pentameter 五步格诗restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.III.REVOLUTION1.John Milton约翰?弥尔顿①Epic: Paradise Lost 失乐园：it is a long epic in 12 books, written in blank verse. The stories were take n from the Old Testame nt: the creati on; the rebellio n in Heave n of Sata n & his fellow-a ngels; their defeat & expu Isi on from Heave n; the creati on ofthe earth & of Adam & Eve; the falle n an gels in hell pl ott ing aga inst God; Sata n ' s temptatio n of Eve; & the dep arture of Adam & Eve from Ede n.②P aradise Rega ined 复乐园2.John Bunyan 约翰?班扬The Pilgrim ' Progress 天路历程：religious allegory 宗教寓言;the spiritual pilgrimage of Christian , who flies from the City of Destruction, meets the perils and temptation of the Slough of Despond, Vanity Fair, and Doubting Castle, faces and overcomes the dem on App oily on, and fin allycomes to the Delectable Mountains and the Celestial City.3.John Donne: (the founder) the Meta physical po et(玄学派诗人).(用语)the dictio n is sim pie, the imagery is from the actual, the form is freque ntly an argume nt with the poet ' s belovedgwdthor with himself.(主题：love, religious, thought)Artistic features: conceits or imagery奇思妙喻syllogism 三段论The Flea 虱子IV The 18th Century : Enlightenment1.The Enlightenment: clear away the feudal ideas with bourgeois ideology 资阶思Classicism:重理性rati on ality /follow princip les in drama, p oetry & p rose/ tidy up cap italist social order2.Jonathan Swift乔纳森？斯威夫特：Gulliver ' s Tra格列佛游记(fictional work)Four p arts: Lilli put 小人国、Brobd ingnag 大人国Flying Island 飞岛、Houyhnhnm 智马岛A Tale of a Tub木桶的故事3.Daniel Defoe丹尼尔？笛福The father of novel.Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记It p raises the fortitude of the huma n labor and the Pu rita n.Robinson grew from a n aive and artless youth in to a shrewd and harde ned man, temp ered by numerous trials in his eve ntful life.It is an adve nture story, Robinson, n arrates how he goes to sea, gets shi pwrecked and marooned ona Ion ely isla nd, struggles to live for 24-years there and fin ally gets relieved and retu rns to En gla nd.4.Henry Fielding 亨利？菲尔丁“ Fatheiof En glish realistic no vel ” He was the first to write a “ Comice pic in prose ”散文体史诗),and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. <The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling弃婴汤姆？琼斯<The History of the Adventures of Jose ph Andrews约瑟夫？安德鲁5.Sentimentalism & Pre-Romanticism in Poetry anti-rationalism/anti-classicism6.William Blake 威廉？布莱克(Pre-R)Songs of Innocenc天真之歌 A happy and innocent world from childrens eye. < the chi mney swee per> 扫烟囱的孩子Songs of Exp erie nee经验之歌7.Robert Burns 罗伯特？彭斯(Pre-R) The greatest Scottish poet in the late 1t8c P oems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗A Red, Red Rose^朵红红的玫瑰Auld Lang Syne友谊地久天长My Heart' s in the Highland我的心在那高原上，The Tree of LibertyV The Romantic P eriod1.William Wordsworth 威廉?华兹华斯Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集2.George Gordon Byron 乔治?戈登?拜伦Don Juan 唐?璜She Walks In Beauty3. 4. Persy Bysshe Shelle波西？比希？雪莱A Defence of Poetry诗辩Ode to the West Wind 西风颂Theme: The author exp resses his eager ness to enjoy the boun diess freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last sig ns of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seeds which still come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead thin gs, i mplying not just an arc of life （which would end at death） but a cycle, which only starts aga in whe n someth ing dies.Comme nt: it is writte n in iambic pen tameter. It contains five sonnet len gth sta nzas诗节,each with a clos ing coup let. The rhy ming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this p oem is an inv ocati on for an un see n force to take con trol and revive life. Artistic features: Using rerza rima（三行诗aba bcb cdc dd efe …）4.John Keats约翰:济慈Four great odes: Ode on a Grecia n Ur 希腊古瓮颂Ode to a Night in gale 夜莺颂Ode to P syche心、灵颂Ode On Mela nchol y 忧郁颂Ode to Autu mn 秋颂Theme: The theme is that cha nge is both n atural and beautiful. The p oem p raises the glories of the fall seas on by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and app eal to the reader. Comme nt: The sp eaker in the p oem ack no wledges that time p asses by, but also asserts that this cha nge usually yields someth ing new and better tha n what came before. Each of the p oem's three sta nzas rep rese nts the evo Iving of two differe nt types of cha nge. One type of cha nge show n in the p oem is the cha nge of p eriods in a day.VI CRITICAL REALISM1.Charles Dickens查尔斯？狄更斯（批判现实主义小说家）critical realist writer Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿Qavid Copperfield大卫？科波菲尔;Hard Times艰难时世Great Exp ectati ons 远大前程2.William Make peace Thackeray 威廉?麦克匹斯？萨克雷Vanity Fair 名利场3.Jane Austen简?奥斯丁Sense and Se nsibility理智与感情；Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见；Emma 爱玛4.Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂？勃朗特Jane Eyre简?爱Emily Bronte艾米莉？勃朗特Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄5.George Eliot乔治?艾略特（批判现实）The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊Middlemarch米德尔马契TO Mid and Late 佃也Century1.Robert Browning罗伯特？白朗宁My Last Duchess我已故的公爵夫人Elizabeth Barrett Browning: Sonnet from the P ortuguese葡萄牙十四行诗2.Christina. G Rossetti: Seek and Find; So ng3.Literary Trends at the end of the century: naturalism: environmental force & internalimpulse/pessimism & determinism; aestheticism: art should serve no religious, moral or social end, nor any end except itse l f Oscar Wilde 王尔德SalomoVffl 20th Century1.Henry James(stream of consciousness) portrait of a woma n 贵妇画像2.Thomas Hardy托马斯？合代Tess Of The D ' Urbervi德s白家的苔丝；Jude The Obscure无名的裘德3.George Bernard Shaw乔治？伯纳？萧critical realistic dramatistMrs. Warren ' sfPsoion华伦夫人的职业；Widowers ' Hou鳏夫的房产Man And Sup erma n 人与超人；The App le Cart 苹果车；Sai nt Joa n 圣女贞德4.Imagism: free verse/c onven tio nal/ com mon sp eech/ new rhythms/ clear images5.I.William Butler Yeats威廉？勃特勒？叶茨,Ireland when you are oldcelebrated & acco mp lished symbolist p oet/ use an elaborate system of symbols6.Thomas Sterns Eliot:The Waste Land; Four Quartets7.David Herbert Lawrence戴维？赫伯特？劳伦斯So ns And Lovers儿子与情人；The Rai nbow虹；Women In Love恋爱中的女人8.James Joyce!姆斯？乔伊斯stream-of-consciousness Ulysses尤禾U西斯9.Virginia Woolf 弗吉尼娅？沃尔芙stream-of-consciousnessMrs. Dalloway 达洛维夫人；To The Lighthouse到灯塔去；The Waves浪; the mark on the wall墙上的斑点IX Second War1. E. M. FosterA Passage To India印度之行Hawards End霍华兹别墅 a room with a view 看得见风景的房间2.George Orwell: 19843.William Golding: Lord of the Flies 蝇王4.Doris Lessing多丽丝？莱辛The Golden Notebook金色笔记5.Samuel Beckett wait ing for godat6.Harold Pinter: the room诗歌评论抑扬格(iamb, iambic )扬抑格(trochee, trochaic )抑抑扬格 (Anapaest, anapaesti ) 扬抑抑格(dactyl, dactylic ).Meter 步律英文诗行的长度范围一般是一音步诗：r 音步诗：trimeter /three feet 四音步诗：tetrameter/four feet 五音步诗：pentameter 六音步诗：hexameter 七音步诗：heptameter 八音步诗：octameter.Metrical patterns (格律的形式)Iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步 (John Milton, Paradise Lost)Dactylic hexameter 扬抑抑格六音步(Homer, Iliad)Iambic tetrameter 抑扬格四音步 Trochaic octameter 扬抑格八音步Anapestic tetrameter 抑抑扬格四音步 (Lewis Carroll, Don Juan) Alexandrine ( also known as iambic hexameter 抑扬格六音步) 压韵(Rhyming schemes 韵式)1.全韵与半韵(full rhyme and half rhyme )。

英国文学与文化考试复习纲要

复习要点2 圣经的构成、内容 Nhomakorabea 圣经是分成几个部分?每个部分主要关于什么内容?
复习要点3
英国早期文化与文学
最早的居民 Celts 被征服的历史和语言的形成 Roman Latin Anglo-Saxon German Norman French
最早的文学作品 Beowulf –the 1st English epic
注：作文字数250字以上
复习要点1
Myth：unrealistic stories shared by groups of people 希腊神话中重要的天神、英雄以及典故 Zeus Hera Apollo Poseidon Hades Demeter Athena Artemis Dionysus Aphrodite Ares Hephaestus Hermes Achilles Hector Paris Helen
背诵全文
复习要点4
17世纪英国文学
Francis Bacon
Of Studies 了解大致内容
John Donne
No man is an island
背诵全文、理解内容。
中世纪
Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales Father of English poetry
复习要点4
文艺复兴
起源地 Florence Italy 时间 14th Century to the 16th Century 核心思想 Humanism Right enjoy the pleasures of the world Value emphasize the value of human Ability perfect oneself

英国文学复习资料整理

英国文学复习资料整理[标签:标题]篇一：英国文学史复习资料整理(1)historical background: the making of BritainA. Briton (Celtic tribes)B. the Roman Conquest---Roman Briton1th Julius CaesarA.D.43 ClaudiusC. mid-5th Anglo-Saxons (Angles, Saxons, Jutes)Anglo-Saxon periodD. Danish invasionlate 8th, Daneslate 9th, Alfred the Greatthe literaturethe literature of this period falls naturally isto two divisions—pagan and Christianpagan represents the poetry which the Anglo-Saxons probably brought with them in the form of oral sagas Christian represents the writings developed under teaching of the monks..All of the earliest poetry of England was copied by the monks, and seems to have been more or less altered to give it a religious coloring.The angles, an important Teutonis tribe, furnished the name for the new home, which was called Angle-land afterward shortened into England. The language spoken by these tribes is generally called Anglo-Saxon or Saxon.Literary term★Epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of agreat hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.(examples: Iliad, Odyssey, Chanson de Roland)2. Beowulf–national epic★the longest and most monument of A-S poems★the oldest surviving epic in British literature.oral form (6th), earliest written record (7th or 8th)set in Denmark and SwedenBeowulf1. 3183 lines2. contents:Beowulf centers on the narration of the exploits of the heroic figure beowulf.3 adventuresMonster---GrendelGrendel’s motherfiery dragonTheme: primitive people’s struggle against hostile forces of the natural world under a wise andmighty leader.Beowulf is not simply a man of great military prowess but he is forever eager to help others in distress and in his last adventure with the dragon he shows himself a worthy leader ready to sacrifice his own life for the welfare of his people.Features:＊part-historical and part legendary＊heathen tribal society, feudal elements, Christian coloring ＊A-S or old English; alliteration metaphorIn the year 1066, at the battle of Hastings, the Normans headed by William, Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxons.Brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure.England literature is also a combination of French and Saxon elements.The three chief effects of the conquest were1. the bringing of Roman civilization to England2. the growth of nationality a strong centralized government, instead of the loose union of Saxon tribes3. the new language and literature were proclaimed in Chaucer1 the Norman conquest accelerated the development of feudalism. ? on land: the ruling class possessed large tracts of landon society: distinct class division, miseries of peasantson language: scholar wrote in French and Latin; eiched English.The development of romance and knights’legends★Romance: A long compo sition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble man. The central character is the Knight, who has a noble birth, is skillful in the use of weapon and devotes to the church or King. The rules governing the manners and morals of a knight are known as chivalry.Themes of romance:the matter of Britain—king Arthur and his knights of the Round Table (Arthurian romances) the matter of France—Charlemagne and his knights (Chanson deRoland)the matter of Rome—from the Trojan War to Alexander the GreatKing Arthur:＊historical figure of Celts; mythological figure in Welsh literature; ＊legendary hero inGeoffery of Monmouth: “History of the Kings of Britain”? Layamon: “Brut”Sir Tomas Malory: “Le Morte D?Arthur”Anglo-SaxonLater legends about a hero named Arthur were placed in this period of violence. The invaders were variously Angles, Saxons, Frisians, Jutes, but were similar in culture and eventually identified themselves indifferently as Angles or Saxons.The most outstanding single romance on the Arthurian legend—―Sir Gawain and the Green Knight‖(four sections)a.The fight between Sir Gawain and the Green Knight at King Arthur?s Christmas feast.b. Gawain?s adventures on the way to find the Green Knight of the Green Chapel篇二：英国文学史及选读__复习要点总结《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance （名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story4. Ballad（名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser“The Faerie Queene”13. Francis Bacon “essays”esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。

英国文学复习提纲

题型模式选择题（ 2 分*15 道=30 分）作家作品匹配（ 1 分*20 道=20 分）名词解释（ 5 分*2 道=10 分）作品分析（三道题，25 分）论述作家区别（15 分）Chapter 1 The Renaissance Period 文艺复兴时期掌握要点：The Renaissance （文艺复兴）Humanism is the essence of Renaissance.The Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.Renaissanee humanists （文艺复兴时期的人文主义者）：Human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection. （question, explore enjoy. ）Knight Literature（骑士文学）Period： The Renaissance period,Themes：“Fierce wars and faithful loves ”Humansim（人文主义）Sonnet 十四行诗Shakespearean Sonnet: comprises three quatrain and final couplet rhyming ababcdcdefefgg Spenserian Sonnet： ababbabccdcdeeChristopher Marlowe 马洛The poineer of English DramaHis creation of Renaissance hero for English drama.Dr. Faustus: It celevrates the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness. Tamburlaine: Supreme desire for infinite power and authority.William Shakespeare 莎士比亚The spirit of pursuing happiness.Hamlet 哈姆雷特Othello 奥赛罗King Lear 李尔王Macbeth 麦克白All's Well That Ends 终成眷属Measure for Measure 一报还一报Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶To Be or Not to Be”Francis Bacon 培根The first important English essayist.John DonneMetaphysical Poetry（玄学派）:Highly intellectual poetry marked by bold ingenious, conceits, incongrious, imagery complexity of thought frequent use of paradox, and often by deliberate harshness,or rigidtiy of expression.Themes: Love Death and Religion.John Milton Paradise Lost 失乐园Chapter 2 The Neoclassical PeriodNeoclassicism新古典主义）Classical tendency: artistic models in the classical literature of the ancient Greek and Roman, put the stress or the classical artistic ideals of order, logic, proportion, vestrained emotion, accuracy, good, taste and decorum.Englihtenment （启蒙运动）（18也century）Rationality to thought and activities, called for a reference to order, reason, rules.John Bunyan 班扬（1660-1798）Pilgrim 'Progess 天路历程-The Vantiy Fair 名利场Alexander PopeAn Essay on Criticism 批评论Rape of the Lock 夺发记Daniel Defoe 笛福/ 迪佛Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记Jonathan SwiftGulliver ' Travels 格列佛游记分析Daniel Defoe 与Jonathan Swift 作品语言特点：Defoe:1,the spirit of time （时代精神）2,Sometimes short crisp and plain, sometimes long rambliing and leave reader impression of casual narration.Swift:1,exploration into human nature profound （人性探索，社会批判）2,“Proper words in proper places. ”Clear, simple, concrete diction, uncomplicated sentence structure.Henry FiedlingComic epic in proseTom Jones汤姆•琼雷Richard Brinsley Sheridan （查理•比•谢利丹）The School of Scandal 造谣学校Rivals 情敌Chapter 3 The Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期The Romantism1,Expressed a more or less negative forward the existing social 2,individual in the solitary state.3,Inner world of the human spiritGothlic n ove l（18 th-19 th）（哥特式小说）Early set in the medival age in a Catholic country.Principal Elements: V oilence horror and supernaturalWilliam Blake 威廉•布莱克Songs of innocence天真之歌Songs of exp erience经验之歌（赏析）：从主题思想，从修辞格（，从音律）William Wordsworth （华兹华斯）I wandered Lonely as a Cloud Composed upon Westminster Bridge The Soliary Reaper（赏析）Lake Poets （湖畔诗人）William WordsworthSamuel Taylor ColeridgeRobert SoutheyGeorge Gordon Byron 拜伦Byronic hero:A proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble orgin usually one of rebellious, individuals against outworn social systems and conventionsDon JuanPercy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱Ode to the West Wind 西风颂（赏析）：诗眼：Destroyer and Preserver 生命的破坏与储存Winter: Darkness of society 黑暗社会Spring: Bright future and new social system 光明未来“If Winter comes,can Spring be far behind. ”“如果冬天来临，春天还会远么？”（赏析）John Keat 济慈Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂The Eve of St. Agnes圣亚尼节前夜Jane Austen 简•奥斯丁Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感Chapter 4 The Victorian Period （维多利亚时期，又称现实主义时期）In general ,truthfully represents the realtiy and spirit of the age. High-spirited vitality the down to earth earnestness. The good-matured humor and unbounded imagination are allunprecedented. 真实反映当时时代的现实和精神，体现高度活力和脚踏实地的精神，语言善意幽默，无羁无绊，令人产生空前的丰富联想Charles Dickens 狄更斯Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿 A Tale of two cities 双城记The Bront? SistersWuthering Heights 呼啸山庄Jane Eyre 简•爱。

(完整word版)英国文学史复习资料大纲英语专业必考

一．作家作品连线1.Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟——The Canterbury Tales(坎特伯雷故事），The Book of The Duchess（公爵夫人之书）、The Parliament of Fowls（百鸟会议)The House of Fame（声誉之堂）、Troilus and Criseyde（特罗勒斯与克丽西德）2.William Shakespeare莎士比亚——Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, SonnetThe Merchant of Venice，Henry IV，Twelfth Night，King Lear，Macbeth 3.Francis Bacon培根——（Essays）Of Marriage and Single Life(轮婚姻和单身), Of Studies4.John Donne邓恩（Metaphysical poems玄学派诗人）-— Song and Sonnets （歌与十四行诗）, Holy Sonnets（圣十四行诗）5.John Milton 弥尔顿—— Paradise Lost(失乐园）、Paradise Regained（复乐园）Samson Agonistes（力士参孙）6.Daniel Defoe笛福——The Life and strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe（鲁滨孙漂流记)、Captain Singleton（辛格顿船长)、Moll Flanders（摩尔·弗兰德斯）A Journal of the Plague Year（大疫年日记）、Roxana （罗克萨娜）7.Jonathan Swift斯威夫特——Gulliver’s Travel s（格列佛游记）A Tale of a Tub (一只桶的故事)，A Modest Proposal（一个温和的建议）8.William Blake布莱克——Song of Innocence（天真之歌)，Song of experience（经验之歌）, Poetical Sketches(诗的素描), The Book of Thel（塞尔书)9.Robert Burns彭斯——Auld Lang Syne, A Red Red Rose，10.William Wordsworth华兹华斯——I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud11.Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治——Kubla Khan（忽必烈汗），BiographiaLiteria （文学传记）、Lyrical Ballads (抒情歌谣集)12.Jane Austen简·奥斯丁—- Pride and Prejudice二、术语解释1、Epic（史诗）： A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. It started in the 5th century, Beowulf was an important epic。

英国文学复习提纲2

Definition:1)Heroic couplet: A pair of rhyming lines in iambic pentametre. Used as early as Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, it was the dominant form of poetry in the Restoration and the 18th century. The master of the form is Alexander Pope (An Essay on Criticism).2)Blank verse: V erse written in unrhymed iambic pentametre. (Surrey)Introduced into English poetry in the 16th century, it has become the standard form for Renaissance drama, and employed by John Milton in his Paradise Lost.3)Tragedy: Dramatic works in which events move to a fatal or disastrous conclusion. Tragedy often portrays the main character’s struggle agains t fate, his enemy, or forces in society, and his life, despite the disastrous ending, represents something significant.(William Shakespeare: Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, King Lear)4)Soliloquy: The speech by a dramatic character when he speaks alone on stage. When a soliloquy is delivered, the character appears to be thinking aloud, thereby communicating his inner thoughts and feelings to the audience. (Shakespeare: Hamlet)5)Epic: A long narrative poem in serious style, celebrating the adventures and achievements of legendary tribal or national heroes. Homer’s Odyssey is the most famous and influential epic in western literature. Beowulf is an epic written in Old English, concerning the legendary adventures of the Anglo-Saxon hero Beowulf.6)Ode: A lyric poem that addresses a certain person or treats a theme in a dignified and serious manner. In its Greek origins, odes were written to commemorate victories, and sung by a chorus. The form later developed to cover a wide range of themes, and could be used to convey personal feelings. It is a form favored by the Romantic poets, and John Keat’s odes (To the Nightingale, To Psyche, To Autumn) are among the most memorable.7)Sonnet: A lyric poem with fourteen lines, divided into two, three, or four sections. There are many rhyming patterns for sonnets, and in English they are usually written in iambic pentametre. Since its origins in the 12th-century Italy, it has been one of themost popular poetic forms. Among the famous English sonnet writers are Shakespeare, Donne, Wordsworth, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning.8)Lyric: Poetry concerned with a specific feeling or attitude of the speaker in the poem, who may not necessarily be the poet him/herself. Originally designed for musical accompaniment, it has evolved to include a wide range of poetic forms, including the sonnet, ode and elegy.9)Gothic novel: A type of fiction that employs mystery, terror, horror, suspense, and sometimes the supernatural as its conventional elements. Horace Walpole’s the castle of Otranto is considered to be the work that established the tradition of this form. 10)Stream of consciousness: Narrative technique which attempts to render the consciousness of a character by representing as directly as possible the flow of the feelings, thoughts and impressions. The term ―interior monologue‖ is also sometimes used. Writers typically known for the employment of this technique are Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, and the American novelists William Faulkner.Iambic Pentameter: ―Iambic‖ is the most common rhythm in English poetry, consisting of one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, as in the word ―repeat‖. Iambic pentameter is a line of a poetry which consists of five iambics, as this line from Pope’s An Essay on Man: ―The proper study of mankind is man.‖Paraphrase:1)Chaucer: “The Prioress”THE PRIORESS T RANSLATIONAlso there was a nun, a PRIORESS 还有个修女是修道院长，And she went smiling, innocent and coy; 满面的笑容诚挚又温和。