全国2012年7月自考外贸英语写作真题试题

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7月自考经贸知识英语试题及答案解析

全国2018年7月自考经贸知识英语试题课程代码：00095I. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right:(5%)( ) 1. discrimination A. introduction of something new( )2. maturity B. a practical advantage given to one over others( )3. innovation C. the time when a note or bill of exchange or a loan becomes due( )4. preference D. the total annual income of a state( )5. revenue E. treatment or distinction in favor of or against a person, group, etc., not based onindividual meritII. Translate the following words and expressions:(10%)(i)From English into Chinese:6. title of the goods7. partial shipment8. contract proper9. gold tranche10. board of directors(ii)From Chinese into English:11. 无形贸易12. 承运人13. 成本节约14. 可保利益15. 外汇III. Make brief explanations of the following and give the full term of the abbreviation in English: (20%)16. sight draft17. tariff18. consignee19. principle of indemnity20. EXWIV. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate wordfrom the list（You can only choose 10 from the following 12 words in the box）: (10%)International trade is often explained by the theory of comparative advantage, also called the comparative cost theory. This (21)___________was developed by David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill, and (22)___________economists in the nineteenth century. The theory (23)___________that different countries orregions have different (24)___________possibilities. A tropical climate is better suited for growing bananas (25)___________a cold one. A country like Norway could produce bananas in hot houses, (26)___________it is cheaper for Norway to (27)___________bananas than to produce them. Thus, climate establishes a trade pattern between a northern and a southern country. In other cases the availability of natural resources may be a trade factor.The theory of comparative cost points out that trade between countries can be (28)___________for all, even if one of the countries can produce every commodity more cheaply. As long as there are minor, relative differences in the (29)___________of producing a commodity, even the poor country can (30)___________a comparative advantage in producing it.V. Translate the following into English :(25%)31. 低收入国家的经济繁荣也会给发达国家带来好处。

全国2012年7月高等教育自学考试国际贸易试题课程代码00089

全国2012年7月高等教育自学考试国际贸易试题课程代码：00089一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1．目前世界各国在统计本国的出口总额时，使用的价格术语一般是( )A．FOB B．CFRC．CIF D．FCA2．从对外贸易政策的发展阶段来看，超保护贸易政策最早出现的时期是( )A．资本主义原始积累时期B．资本主义自由竞争时期C．帝国主义时期D．第二次世界大战后3．从对外贸易的发展阶段来看，对外贸易最早产生于( )A．原始社会初期B．原始社会末期C．奴隶社会初期D．奴隶社会末期4．《2009中国统计年鉴》的统计数据显示，2008年中国国内生产总值为302853.4亿元人民币，出口总额为100394.9亿元人民币，进口总额为79526.5亿元人民币，则2008年中国对外贸易系数为(计算结果保留两位小数)( )A．26.31％B．33.15％C．59.41％D．79.21％5．国际分工与国际贸易理论中的要素禀赋说的提出者是( )A．亚当·斯密B．大卫·李嘉图C．赫克歇尔与俄林D．里昂惕夫6．下列不属于．．．有固定组织形式的国际商品市场是( )A．商品交易所B．拍卖C．博览会D．租赁7．荷兰式拍卖属于( )A．增价拍卖B．减价拍卖C．密封式拍卖D．投标式拍卖8．假定A国2000年的净贸易条件为100，2008年的出口价格指数为90，进口价格指数为浙00089#国际贸易试题第1页(共5页)112，出口数量指数为130，则A国2008年的收入贸易条件为(计算结果保留两位小数)( )A．80.36 B．86.16C．104.46 D．161.789．跨国公司为了最大程度地减轻税负，逃避东道国的外汇管制等目的，在公司内部规定的购买商品价格为( )A．转移价格B．垄断价格C．参考价格D．开标价格10．下列经济一体化形式中，经济一体化程度最高的是( )A．共同市场B．关税同盟C．经济同盟D．自由贸易区11．下列经济一体化组织中，属于垂直经济一体化组织类型的是( )A．拉美自由贸易协会B．北美自由贸易区C．欧洲自由贸易联盟D．欧洲联盟12．韩国著名的曲棍球教练金昶伯在2008年率领中国女子曲棍球队参加了北京奥运会，他所提供的教练服务属于《服务贸易总协定》所定义的( )A．过境交付B．境外消费C．商业存在D．自然人流动13．下列不属于．．．对外直接投资行为的是( )A．首钢公司在澳大利亚收购某矿业公司开采矿石B．国美公司在美国NASDAQ证券市场购买股票C．联想公司在美国和IBM合作生产笔记本电脑D．法国雪铁龙公司在武汉与东风公司合作生产汽车14．根据弗农的产品生命周期理论，企业选择开始对外直接投资的最佳．．时期为( ) A．产品开发期B．产品成长期C．产品成熟期D．产品衰退期15．凯恩斯认为，一国对外投资的决定因素是( )A．贸易顺差B．资本边际效率C．利息率D．国内就业率16．下列不属于．．．普惠制主要原则的是( )浙00089#国际贸易试题第2页(共5页)A．普遍性B．非歧视性C．非互惠性D．完全性17．下列不属于．．．非关税壁垒措施的是( )A．奥巴马政府对从中国进口的轮胎征收反倾销税B．欧盟对从中国进口的纺织品设定进口配额C．日本政府宣布本国政府在采购办公用品时优先购买日本产品D．美国对所有进口的钢材制定最低限价18．中国某公司在向非洲一家公司出口商品时，由于非洲公司的资金不足，特向中国进出口银行申请贷款以便这笔贸易达成，这种贷款属于( )A．卖方信贷B．买方信贷C．补偿性信贷D．福费廷信贷19．下列措施满足国民待遇原则的有( )A．欧盟对中国和日本执行同样的关税水平B．中国对外商投资企业实行税收优惠C．中国旅游景点对外国人和中国人实行同一票价D．美国对从中国和日本进口的食品实行同一检验检疫标准20．下列不属于．．．WTO基本原则的是( )A．非歧视原则B．公平贸易原则C．一般取消数量限制原则D．非关税保护原则二、多项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

全国2012年7月自学考试英语语法试题

全国2012年7月自学考试英语语法试题全国2012年7月自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)(Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.)1.Jim was in _____ after he got to know the results of the football match.（）A. a low spiritB.low spiritsC. low spiritD. a low spirits2. I am rather tireD. I______ trees since this morning.（）A. was plantingB.had plantedC. have been plantingD. planted3. All representatives ______ present b efore ten o’clock yesterday morning.（）A. areB.have beenC. wereD. had been4. In the past decade, great changes ______ in the suburbs of Shanghai.（）A. have been taken placeB.have taken placeC. took placeD. were taken place5. They envy George because of his ______ chairman of the committee.( )A. having appointedB.having been appointedC. appointedD. being appointed6. I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to go to school at 7 o’clock.（）A. could sleepB.could have sleptC. sleptD. have slept7. Every adult ______ be responsible for what he or she has done.( )A. canB.couldC. should D may8. If you favor ______on night shift, you may go and tell the manager.（）A. to workB.workingC. having workedD. being worked9. The student confessed to ______a lie to the teacher.（）A. have toldB.having toldC. tellD. being told10. I have no objection to ______ a trip to Hawaii again.（）B.havingC. having hadD. have had11. These customs are common in Northern China and to a______ extent in Southern China.( )A. littleB.lessC. lesserD. least12. Don’t think t hat these people are ______you.( )A. inferior thanB.more inferior thanC. inferior toD. inferior as13. I’m leaving tomorrow. ______, can I use your car for shopping this afternoon?（）A. In the wayB. On the wayC. By the wayD. Through the wayl4. Don’t get mad ______ the children. They don’t even know what they ’ ve done.（）A. forB.ofC. atD. by15. That was the kind of person _______he was.（）A. whoB.whomD. which6. The villagers, ______ had been damaged by the earthquake, were given help by the RedCross.（）A. all their homesB.all whose homesC. all of whose homesD. all of their homes7. All ______ glitters is not golD.（）A. whichB.whoC. /D. that18. This tenth and last book of his ______ when he was bed-ridden.（）A. was writtenB.were writtenC. has been writtenD. had been written19. Each family ______ asked to plant a tree before summer came.（）A. isB.areC. wasD. were20. I have both tea and coffee.______ do you prefer?（）A. WhichB.WhatC. Which oneD. What one二、填空题(本大题共28小题，共36分)Section A: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.(共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)21. is, will be, are, their, one’s, hisMore than one person _________ going to lose _________ job.22. a, all each, some, the, suchEric didn’t even have_________ common sense to send for ________ doctor.23. watch, watching, to watch, been operated, being operated, operateI want you ________ carefully how the machine is __________ .24. were, be, is, talk, talks, will talkIt ________ important that she _________ to him in person.25. whether; however, whatever, is it, the reason, it is the reason________ ________, physical punishment to children at school is illegal.26. which, what, when, where, whom, whoThis is the man ________ drove the car __________ his wife bought from the car dealer. 27. was, were, being, its, their , one’s The audience ________ excited on seeing ________ favourite star glide onto the stage. 28. it, them, him, that, what, which He found ________ annoying ______ his neighbour kept calling him by the wrong name. Section B: Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes or addsomething where necessary.(共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)29. That may be your lost car, _________ (it)?30. __________ (much) I admire him ,I don’t like all his work31.These are the ________ (criteria) we use to select candidates.32. You can’t have it ______ (ways) -you either work longer and get paid more or have more leisure time and get paid less.33. She has read a book about the poor _______ (peasant) childhood and their early life.34. The man ________ (try) to climb out of the window when the firemen arrived35. He lay on the ground as though he _________ (shoot).36. It’s the third time you ________ (arrive) late this week.37. The movie star is wearing sunglasses lest he __________ (recognize).38.My parents wanted me to be a doctor, but I_______ (not put) up with all those years of study.39. I want to congratulate you on __________ (admit) to the university you like very much.40. ________ (look) ahead to the weekend, temperature will be warmer.41. Also we know that astronauts, when they go up into space, find the air becomes_________(thin) as they go higher.42. Th is is ________ (exciting) birthday party I’ve ever had43. I want to tell you that we all________ (sympathize) you in your afflictions.44. To ________ (keep) confusing your readers, always put modifying phrases and clauses near the words they modify.45.________ (grant) that it is a simple test to perform, it should be easy to get results quickly.46. The driver was the man ________ (from) room she hadstolen the maps.47. Every drop of tears, every moan out of pain and every cry for help _______ (be) like knife cutting deep into my heart.48. _________ (remain) three chapters before I finish the book.三、改错题(本大题共12小题，每小题1分，共12分)Correct one error in each of the following sentences.49. He bought two newly published chil dre ns’ books for his son.50. He would tell the truth when they killed him.51. When I entered his office, he didn’t say a word, nor did he raise his head, as if I am in visible.52. ---Would you write to me as soon as you arrive?---Yes, I would53. The West Indies, apart from the Bahamas, are commonly divided into two parts.54. Are you going to buy all these rice?55. You can’t help but to respect them.56. Running into the room, a rug caught her foot and she fell.57. When planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the roots.58. Give him an inch, or he’ll take a mile.59. The vessel, with its entire crew and cargo, were lost.60. Not a single article he bought in that department store.四、改写句子(本大题共12小题，每小题2分，共24分)Rewrite the following sentences as required61. Adding a suitable tag to the following statement:Tony rarely has his room cleaned62. Turning the following statement into an exclamation:We’ve had such bad weather f or a whole week.63. Using a non-finite verb form:The last problem that must be considered at our next meeting is how to invest the money.64. Combining the two sentences by using a relative clause:James Russell is a man. I have the greatest respect for him.65. Combining the two sentences by using a conjunct:He is being a fool. He is behaving foolishly.66. Using a disjunct:I will say frankly that I was rather impressed by his manner.67. Using discontinuity:Many forms of apparatus by which a more accurate knowledge of blood pressure can be obtained have been devised68. Using inversion:He had hardly finished his work when the telephone rang.69. Using a modal auxiliary:It’s possible that our tea m will win the race.70. Using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:The production increases as it has increased for the last few years.71. Using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:John was the winner in 1999, and Bob was the winner in 2000.72. Using subjunctive mood:It suffices to say that the open policy will remain unchanged五、简答题(本大题共2小题，每小题4分.共8分)Answer the following questions.73.How can we achieve specific reference (with examples)?74.What are principles governing the subject-verb concord? Give your answer with examples.。

7月全国自考经贸知识英语自考试题及答案解析

全国2018年7月自考经贸知识英语试题课程代码：00095Ⅰ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right: (5%)（）1. indemnity A. the total annual income of a state（）2. revenue B. compensation for loss（）3. cost-effective C. an official group of persons who direct or supervise someactivities of a firm（）4. board D. producing the best result for the expenditure（）5. consensus E. general agreementⅡ. Translate the following words and expressions: (10%)(ⅰ) From English into Chinese:6. economies of scale7. documentary collection8. Electronic Data Interchange9. insurance policy10. preferential customs tariff(ⅱ) From Chinese into English:11. 无形贸易12. 保兑信用证13. 运输标志14. 商品交易会15. 资本市场Ⅲ. Make brief explanations of the following terms in English: (20%)16. clean bill of lading17. Incoterms18. balance of payments19. revolving credit20. MFNⅣ. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word from the list (You can only choose 10 from the following 12 words in the square): (10%)Successful multinational corporations eventually must learn (21)________ to inter-relate their subsidiaries with the (22)________ company, how to delegate decision-making authority, and how to develop satisfactory methods of control and supervision. (23)________ most traditional organizational structure is the international division structure, in (24)________ communication (25)________ the parent company is channeled (26)________ an international division. In the global structure there is no international division for overseas activities; instead, the entire top management becomes involved (27)________ international as well as (28)________ matters. The global approach unifies domestic and international divisions (29)________ one global division. It thereforeeliminates the danger of competition (30)________ an international division and a domestic one.Ⅴ. Translate the following into English：（25%）31.比较利益理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石。

7月英语国家概况自考试题（2）

7月英语国家概况自考试题（2）2012年7月英语国家概况自考试题2012年7月英语国家概况自考试题I. Multiple Choice Questions. (50 points, 1 point for each) Directions: In this part of the test, there are 50 unfinished statements or questions. For each of the unfinished statements or questions, four suggested answers, marked A. B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.1. Which of the following is NOT a geographical name of Britain?A. The United KingdomB. Great BritainC. EnglandD. The British Isles2. The Romans remained in control of Britain for nearly _____ years.A. 600B. 500C. 400D. 2003. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Alfred?A. Alfred the Great started the English navy.B. Alfred the Great reorganized the Saxon army, making it more efficient.C. Alfred the Great established schools and formulated alegal system.D. Alfred the Great imposed a tax, called the Danegeld, on the Saxons.4. After the Glorious Revolution came the Age of the _____, a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament.A. CommonwealthB. Constitutional MonarchyC. English colonial expansionD. Hereditary Monarchy5. According to Magna Carta no tax should be made without the approval of _____.A. the House of LordsB. the KingC. the Grand CouncilD. the House of Commons6. _____, a dramatist and poet, is generally regarded as the greatest writer in the English language.A. Charles DickensB. Christopher MarloweC. William ShakespeareD. Charlotte Bronte7. After the Restoration, British Parliament passed a series of severe laws called the Clarendon Code against the _____, now known as Nonconformists.A. ChristiansB. ProtestantsC. PuritansD. Catholics8. Elizabeth I reigned England, Wales and Ireland for _____years and remained single.A. 25B. 30C. 40D. 459. After the Wars of the Roses the rule of _____ began.A. the PlantagenetB. the YorkistsC. the StuartsD. the Tudors10. _____ was the forerunner of the Conservative Party.A. The Liberal PartyB. The WhigsC. The ToriesD. The Labor Party11. The First World War was fought between two European power blocs: the “Central Powers” and the “Allies”. The “Allies” include the following EXCEPT _____.A. BritainB. FranceC. RussiaD. Austria-Hungary12. In 1982, the Falkland Islands War broke out between Britain and _____.A. ArgentinaB. BrazilC. PeruD. Chile13. Which of the following abo ut UK’s monarchy is NOT true?A. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy.B. There is no written constitution in the United Kingdom.C. Today the Queen holds the real power in UK.D. The continuity of the monarchy has been broken only once.14. In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the second largest number of seat in the House of Commons becomes _____.A. the official OppositionB. the leading partyC. the predominant partyD. the “shadow cabinet”15. The Sovereign’s coronation takes place at _____ in London.A. Westminster AbbeyB. Canterbury AbbeyC. York AbbeyD. Northanger Abbey16. The _____ is made up of statute law, common law and conventions.A. British ConstitutionB. American ConstitutionC. Commonwealth lawD. European Community law17. There is no Ministry of Justice in the United Kingdom. General responsibility lies with the following EXCEPT _____. A. the Lord Chancellor B. the Home SecretaryC. the Attorney GeneralD. the Prime Minister18. _____ provides for every resident, regardless of income, a full range of medical services. It has become available in Britain since 1948.A. The Social Security BenefitsB. The National Health ServiceC. The Civil ServiceD. The National Insurance Fund19. In summer there are open-air theatres, including one in London’s Regent’s Park, where _____ are performed.A. William Shakespeare’s playsB. Christopher Marlowe’s playsC. Ben Johnson’s playsD. George Bernard Shaw’s plays20. Snooker is thought to have been invented by _____A. Sir Winston ChurchillB. Sir Neville ChamberlainC. Sir Charlie ChamberlainD. Sir John Churchill21. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. is_____.A. the IndiansB. the JapaneseC. the ChineseD. the Blacks22. The place where Christopher Columbus landed was _____ .A. IndiaB. the islands in AsiaC. the current territory of AmericaD. the islands in the now West Indies23. The great international influence of _____is that the colonies in Spanish America rose up one after another to overthrow Spanish colonial rule.A. the American Civil WarB. the Vietnam WarC. the American War of IndependenceD. the Korean War24.In the early 1850s with the Westward Movement, the _____ issue became a serious political issue because it might tip the balance of power in the Senate.A. slaveryB. immigrationC. territoryD. Indian25. Which of the following is NOT the main cause for the American government to declare war on Germany in the World War I?A. Germany refused to give up its submarine warfare.B. Germany tried to get Mexico into the war against the United States.C. Germany promised Mexico the return of lost territory of Texas.D. Japan launched the bombing of the Pearl Harbor.26. In 1932, in the depth of the depression, the American people chose _____as their next president who promised a “new deal” to get America out of the depression.A. Theodore RooseveltB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. Woodrow WilsonD. Herbert C. Hoover27. In the Second World War American diplomacy largely was American diplomacy towards _____.A. Germany and ItalyB. Germany and JapanC. Britain and the Soviet UnionD. Britain and France28. The real purpose of the Marshal Plan is_____.A. to prevent Greece and Turkey from falling into the hands of the Soviet UnionB. to support any country which said it was fighting against CommunismC. to help Western Europe recover from the Great DepressionD. to prevent Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion29. _____ was a full-scale, anti-Communist hysteria in the United States in the1950s.A. Free Speech MovementB. The Progressive MovementC. The Civil Rights MovementD. McCarthyism30. Which war turned out to be the longest war the U.S. fought?A. The Korean WarB. The World War IIC. The World War ID. The Vietnam War31. After the Vietnam War, the contradiction between Congress and the Executive resulted in the passage of ______.A. the Smith ActB. the War Power ActC. the Civil Rights ActD. the Voting Rights Act32. On April 30 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in ______ which housed the first American government. A. New York B. WashingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston33. The American policy towards the Soviet Union after the Second World War was ______ .A. cooperationB. neutralityC. containmentD. impartiality34. The writers of the Constitution worked out ______ in order to prevent the government from misusing its power.A. the Declaration of IndependenceB. the Bill of RightsC. the “winner-take-all” systemD. checks and balances35. The presidential term in the U.S. is four years beginning on ______.A. November 20B. November 12C. January 12D. January 2036. On Independence Day, some people bring their children to visit the birth place of thenation——________A. Washington D.C.B. New York CityC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston37. According to the U.S News & World Report and other journals’ evaluation, ______onthe west coast are the best research universities.A. Harvard and YaleB. Princeton and ColumbiaC. California and MITD. Stanford and Berkley38. _____ is the largest single source of goods imported by the United States.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. AsiaD. Latin America39. Theodore Dreiser was the literary representative of American ______ .A. RomanticistsB. TranscendentalistsC. ModernistsD. Naturalists40. _____was the first American writer who gained international fame.A. Washington IrvingB. Benjamin FranklinC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Mark Twain41. The most significant feature of Irish landscape is ______.A. lakesB. bogsC. low ridgesD. rivers42. Who was the first English king to bring all Ireland under English control?A. Henry IIB. Henry IIIC. Henry VIIID. James II43. From east to west ten provinces and two territories in Canada can be divided into ______ geographical regions.A. fourB. fiveC. sixD. seven44. Which of the following is NOT one of the Prairie Provinces in Canada?A. ManitobaB. British ColumbiaC. SaskatchewanD. Alberta45. It was _____ who established the first French settlement in Quebec City in 1608.A. Henry HudsonB. John CabotC. Jacques CartierD. Samuel de Champlain46. Although Australia has a large area, _____ of the continent is hot and dry.A. one thirdB. two thirdsC. halfD. more than half47. _____ is famous for its art festival.A. SydneyB. MelbourneC. AdelaideD. Brisbane48. Which of the following states in Australia is known as the garden state?A. QueenslandB. New South WalesC. TasmaniaD. Victoria49. The first European to visit New Zealand was ______.A. Abel TasmanB. Captain James CookC. Christopher ColumbusD. Amerigo Vespucci50. The _______ is a national symbol in New Zealand.A. kiwiB. native owlC. tuataraD. lizardII. Answer the Questions. (30 points, 3 points for each) Directions: Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.51. What is the difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots, Welsh and Irish?52. What was the impact of the Wars of the Roses on feudalism in England?53. What is the main function of the House of Lords?54. What are the major racial and ethnic minorities in the United States?55. What is Emerson’s view of man and nature?56. What kind of system is the American economy based on?57. Why did the population of Ireland decrease from the 1840s until about 1970?58. What are the two most important provinces in Canada?59. Which is Australia’s largest lake?60. What is partly the reason for New Zealand to have changeable weather and tobe often windy?III. Term Explanation. (20 points, 5 points for each) Directions: Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words.61. Domesday Book62. Thatcherism63. “Great Compromise” of 178764. Halloween。

7月全国外贸英语写作自考试题及答案解析

全国2018年7月高等教育自学考试外贸英语写作试题课程代码：00097请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上Part One: Questions 1-20Directions: There are 20 sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. （在下列各题中选择一个最佳答案填空。

）20%1. Please try your best to push the sales of our goods ________ your end.A. forB. toC. byD. at2. They intended to lower the cost of products. ________ they did not succeed in reducing thepackage cost.A. ThereforeB. AndC. FurthermoreD. However3. ________ your request, we have sent the samples to you by air.A. In compliance toB. Compliance withC. In comply withD. In compliance with4. It is our ________ to do business on CIF basis.A. usual wayB. usual practiceC. common practiceD. general practice5. The buyer suggested that the packing of this article ________ improved.A. beB. must have beenC. would beD. had to be6. We were warmly welcomed ________ we entered the room.A. whereB. unlessC. untilD. as soon as7. Whoever submits an application earliest ________ the right to be interviewed first.A. hadB. have hadC. hasD. have8. It is ________ good chance ________ we mustn’t miss it.A. so / thatB. so a / thatC. such / thatD. such a / that9. ________ people involved, ________ the new procedures could be implemented.A. The fewer / the earlierB. Fewer / earlierC. The less / the earlierD. Less / earlier110. ________ do you think we should interview for the newsletter?A. WhoB. WhoeverC. WhomD. Whomever11. They felt ________ about the sales of the company.A. badlyB. badC. worseD. worst12. Ms. Hansen is ________ than the office manager she replaced.A. much more businesslikeB. many more businesslikeC. much more business likeD. much business like13. Mr. Sims has been ill, but we expect him ________ by next month.A. to be wellB. wellC. to be goodD. good14. Several people, ________ I listed below, have not submitted their reports.A. thatB. whomC. whichD. who15. Alex works harder than ________ in the office.A. everyone elseB. anyone elseC. everyoneD. anyone16. ________ your decision to place regular orders with us, we request that you furnish us withtwo references for the initial purchase.A. While appreciatingB. As appreciatingC. When appreciateD. Because we appreciate17. If there were fewer management staff, more work ________ .A. would be doneB. will be doneC. have to be doneD. should be done18. No one made more profit in that transaction than ________ .A. herB. themC. heD. him19. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still ________ .A. a good place to live inB. lived as a good placeC. lived in as a good placeD. a good place to live20. Mr. Howard, ________ his study of the situation, was ready to talk about it when I arrived.A. completedB. having completedC. had completedD. being completedPart Two: Questions 21-30There is one mistake in each of the following questions. Detect and correct the mistakes. Write your corrections together with the mistakes on the answer sheet. （下列每句各有一个错误，找出错误并改正。

外贸英语写作自考题-1-1

外贸英语写作自考题-1-1(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part One(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.The number of the people present, as we had expected, ______ very large.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：本题考查的知识点是动词与主语的一致。

如果忽略the number后而的定语和插入语，也许不难发现主语是the number，是单数，即答案应在A、C 之间，再根据had expected的提示就很容易判断答案了。

2.Three fourths of the research ______ next year.A. beginB. begunC. beganD. begins（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：本题考查的知识点是动词与主语一致。

整体中的一部分的词作主语时，如果这些词后面带有of，那要看of后面的名词或代词的单复数形式。

research是单数，且时间是将来的时间，一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划要发生的事。

3.______ was Goodyear, an American scientist, who invented that kind of robot.A. WhoB. HeC. ItD. This（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：本题考查的知识点是强调句。

撇开an American scientist这一插入语，一下子就能看出题于是一个强调结构。

4.Obviously he didn't agree with two men ——______.A. Tom and IB. I and TomC. Tom and meD. Me and Tom（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：本题考查的知识点是代词。

自考00603《英语写作》07年-12年真题与答案

全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试课程代码：00603英语写作试题I. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.Attaining Success in CollegeSucceeding in college is not only important to getting and education, but also crucial in this day and age to success in the work place. To me, the three most important things for attaining a successful college experience are having smart classroom conduct, taking advantage of campus resources, and making college the first priority.Making good use of campus resources is also of great importance to college success. The school library has many resources for the growth of the students’ mind. With computers and copy-machines for individual use, computer labs and writing labs are there not just for learning purposes but also for actual help with writing papers. The “office hours”will help the students build a close relationship with their professors and give them access to the professors’ mind. From the professors the students can acquire possible extra information that may put them ahead of their study. All these resources are free, since they are funded by student tuitions. So taking good advantage of the resources can only make the students’ education more attainable.Finally, any students who want to assure success must establish school as the top priority. Personally I have watched some students slowly loosen up; I have seen a pattern of partying and a lack of motivation. Many of the freshmen have no idea why they are in college, and their “eyes” often tell it all. This world is so rich in distractions that it is hard to keep a strong focus, especially if one is just starting his or her academic career. It is said that the first semester is often the most “unsuccessful” one. This certainly rings true for me.I made mistakes in this regard and eventually learned that, to achieve success, school must always be placed above other things.In my college experience, I have observed and learned how to achieve success. I wish someone had told me earlier the importance of having that smart classroom conduct, of fully utilizing the school resources, andII. Write an outline (20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.SmellSmell, as a means of nonverbal communication, is important. Odor communicates not only when we are face to face with another person, but also when the other person is not present. People from different cultures may have different attitudes toward body odors.Most people in the West respond negatively to what they consider bad odors such as body odor, breath odor, or clothes that emit unpleasant smells such as sweat. They work hard to cover up their body odor and view those with body odor as dirty and unsanitary. However, people usually are not comfortable in discussing the topic, and generally will not tell another that his or her body odor is offensive. They will simply avoid being close to the person and will end the conversation as quickly as possible.Other cultures have quite different concepts of natural odors; they consider them as normal and believe that it is an act of friendship to “breathe the breath” of the person with whom they converse and to feel their presence by smelling. For example, Arabs don’t seem to feel comfortable unless they can smell each other. When Arabs talk, they virtually envelop each other in their breath. Smelling the natural body odors of one’s friend is desirable; denying him or her this privilege is to act ashamedly. In other cultures smell also plays an important role. In Japan, young girls will often play a game involving the placing of five fragrances in tiny boxes. The girl who identifies the most aromas wins the game. In Bali, Indonesia, when lovers greet one another, they often breathe deeply in a kind of friendly sniffing. It is not uncommon for young lovers in the Philippines to trade small pieces of clothing on parting so that the smell of the other person will evoke their affection for each other.Not knowing cultural variations in attitude toward smell can create uncertainty and even ill feeling. For example, a medical doctor from Saudi Arabia once worked in a hospital in the southern United States. Problems arose when patients refused to have the Saudi doctor examine them. Interviews with patients revealed two problems: He “smelled bad” and he breathed on the patients. The doctor’s training had apparently failed to include the difference between Arabic and American attitudes and practices relating to smell. Clearly, encounters between people with such widely differing attitudes could lead to serious miscommunication. To maintain harmonious intercultural business relationships, one should remember these diverse attitudes toward smell.III. Compose an essay (60 points)In China, old people are usually taken care of by their family members, but now some people send theiraging parents to nursingyour views./ke.htm全国2008年10月自考英语写作试题课程代码：00603Ⅰ. Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.Different Types of ParentsIt is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents’ views of life vary, they love their children in different ways. Generally speaking, in terms of how they treat their children, parents fall into three basic types: autocratic, democratic, and permissive.The autocratic parent’s word is the law. He always sets rules, expecting complete obedience from his children. He assumes that he knows what is best for his children and that they will learn discipline and respect for authority from his orders. He does not realize that he may not know best and that rules without mercy may breed contempt for authority. If the child came home late from a party because a major accident on the highway tied up traffic for miles, this parent would not allow the child to explain his reasons for being late. The child would be immediately punished. This kind of parent probably has good intentions, wanting his child to grow up “right,” but his approach to the task may lead to conflicts. The democratic parent is not so strict. He is willing to discuss rules with his children and listen to their side of an argument. If his child came home an hour late from a party, he would listen to the explanation instead of punishing the child immediately. In general, the democratic parent lays down fewer rules than his autocratic counterpart because he realizes children must learn certain things in life on their own. He prefers to play the role of an advisor and is always available when his children need help.Too few people with children are democratic parents, which is the best of the three types. Too much or too little authority often breeds disrespect and resentment. A good parent should offer guidance and advice; he should not try to rule his children or disregard his children completely.Ⅱ. Write an outline (20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.The Human BrainFor centuries, people wondered about how the human brain works. Researchers were particularly concerned about its structure and functions. It was not long ago that scientists made the remarkable discovery that our brains are divided into two halves—left brain and right brain, and that each half has separate features and roles.The left brain is said to be the logical brain. It is the left brain that we use to solve mathematical problems and go think logically. For example, if you are asked how to make coffee, this is what happens. Your left brain begins to work; it searches its files for information on coffee making. If it finds the files, it begins relating what to do step by step. If it does not find any record, it says it does not know.The right brain is often called the creative brain. It has the function of thinking creatively. This contains all the artistic functions, including art and music appreciation. When you want to draw a picture or compose a piece of music or write poetry, it is the right brain that is in operation. When you come across a new situation in your life, your right brain gives ideas on how to tackle it.To some people, the left brain is dominant and to others, the right brain is. Of people who are good in mathematics and language expression—that is, putting into practice what they have learnt, we say that they are more left-brained. They are not very sensitive and believe in doing everything only after reasoning. They are very sharp at arguments. They are the type who will not believe in anything until they see it. Right-brained people are more artistic and have a good sense of music appreciation. They are also more sensitive and tend to be emotional. They are more open to new ideas and are willing to accept radical positions.Is the left brain better or the right brain? Both sides of the brain are equally important. In an ideal situation, a person should be exactly equal in both sides of the brain. However, as inideal never happens. People are dominated by one or the other side of their brains. Inwe meet in the world, there will be requirements for both sides of the brain to work together as partners. For example, when you want to write a story, which brain do you use? The answer is both brains. You need the right brain to think of the ideas and you need the left side to arrange everything in a logical sequence. You cannot go through life with only one side functioning.It’s fundamentally important for people to know these interesting facts about the human brains. However, many aspects concerning our brains still remain unknown. With scientists’ persistent efforts, more secrets of the human brain will be revealed.Ⅲ. Compose an essay (60 points)Nowadays, some traditional beliefs and customs tend to be less valued. Choose one such belief or custom and explain why you think it should be continued or maintained. Write a 300-word argumentative essay defending your views.全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试英语写作试题解析答案（课程代码：0603）Ⅰ.Supply the missing paragraph【答案】The permissive parents are not only strict, but also absolutely dotes on his children, there are fewer rules even no rules for their ,usually they think children have no mistake when they came home late, they didn’t ask the child for reasons, In the daily life, they’ll do all they possibly can in order to meet their children’s demands, Day by day, their children have got some bad habits for example, tell lies, rebel leave home, they are not consciousness of their bad actions, This kind of parents are too democratic to indulge their children terribly.【解析】全文一共五段，所缺段落为第四段，这是一段议论文，围绕三种类型的家长展开议论的，文章结构为总分总，第一段说明存在三种类型的家长：独治、民主、放纵型，第二、三、四分别来说明这三个类型的家长，第五段总结这篇文章，作者提出了自己的观点，故第四段应为议论放纵型的家长，这道题主要考查对文章层次的把握和议论文的写作。

全国2012年7月自考综合英语(二)试题

全国2012年7月高等教育自学考试综合英语（二）试题课程代码：00795Ⅰ．语法、词汇。

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个正确答案，并将所选答案的字母填写在答题纸上。

（本大题共15小题，每小题1分,共15分）Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. (15 points)1. She was invited to go to the ball but she did not even have_______ to go with her dress.A. a piece of jewelryB. piece of jewelryC. a jewelryD. one jewelry2. Few people are still alive who have_____the scene of fighting.A. noticed B．visitedC. witnessedD. watched3. The world’s supplies of petroleum ______．A. have gradually exhaustedB. are being gradually exhaustedC. are gradually exhaustingD. are gradually exhausted4. He is determined to get ______ of the profit than he has been offered.A. ten percent moreB.ten more percentC. more ten percentD. as much as ten percent5. At the beginning this sort of thing was fresh and exciting, and then it fell into ______ and becam e habitual.A. customB. habitC. methodD. routine6.I didn’t know your telephone number; otherwise I______.A. would have calledB. would callC. calledD. should call7. In the early morning my mother was in the kitchen ______breakfast for us.A. preparedB. preparingC. having preparedD. to have prepared8.1 would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I ______ so busy then.A. had beenB．have beenC. wasD. would be9. Our company will _____ all the costs of the repairs.A. spendB．takeC. bearD. make10. A few minutes after the plane had taken off, it developed engine trouble and______.A. crashedB. dashedC. stoppedD. blushed11.The boss urged his workers______．A. onB. offC. uponD. down12. She did not hear what you said because she ______ in her reading.A. was absorbedB. absorbedC. is absorbedD. has been absorbed13. A fever ______ the famous short-distance runner ______ the opportunity to participate in the competition.A. got rid, ofB. deprived, ofC. took, offD. drove off14. The story is not real; it is only______．A. imaginaryB. imaginativeC. imaginableD. imagined15.______ contrast ______ her sister, she was an angel.A. In, toB. On, toC. On, withD. In, forⅡ．完形填空。

学历类《自考》自考专业(国贸)《外贸英语写作》考试试题及答案解析

学历类《自考》自考专业(国贸)《外贸英语写作》考试试题及答案解析姓名:_____________ 年级:____________ 学号:______________1、Will it be_____ before the professor returns ?A 、sometimesB 、sometimeC 、sometimeD 、sometimes正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析2、—Would you mind my sitting here ? — ______ .A 、Yes,sithereB 、No,youcan ’tC 、No,ofcoursenotD 、Yes,youarewelcome正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析3、Only 5 _____ of the population of America _____ farmers .A 、percent,areB 、percents,isC 、percent,isD 、percents,are正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析4、I ’m sorry I ’ve forgotten to post your letter .—Never mind . _____ post it myself .A 、I ’mgoingtoB 、IamabouttogoandC 、I ’llgoandD 、Iamtogoto正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析5、The baby always sleeps with his eyes half_____ .A、openB、openingC、toopenD、opened正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析6、Generally , the weather in Britain is_____ too cold in winter _____ too hot in summer .A、notonly,butalsoB、neither,norC、either,orD、both,and正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析7、—Why have you changed so much ?—You don’t know I ______ a hard life in the last ten years .A、hadB、ledC、hadlivedD、haveled正确答案：D答案解析：暂无解析8、—What’s the young man?—______ .A、HeisfriendlyB、He’sateacherC、He’sfineD、He’sTom正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析9、There are many islands______ the coast of China.A、inB、fromC、offD、away正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析10、_____ of the two brothers would like to take _____ of the two apples on the table .A、None,thebiggerB、Noone,abiggerC、Each,thebiggestD、Neither,thebigger答案解析：暂无解析11、______ progress you have make this term!A、HowbigB、WhatgreatC、HowrapidD、Whatarapid正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析12、_____ seen ,it will never be forgotten.A、OnceB、AfterC、ThoughD、Unless正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析13、I’ll never do ______ .A、thingsofthissortB、thesesortsofathingC、thissortofthethingD、thissortofathing正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析14、The progress he has made in maths is much greater than ______ in English .A、theoneB、thatC、hehasD、it正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析15、Although Linda tried hard in the exam ,she did ______ than her brother .A、morebadlyB、muchbetterC、muchbadlyD、muchworse正确答案：D答案解析：暂无解析16、In the end I ______ a good effort to pass the examination .A、didB、hadC、madeD、used答案解析：暂无解析17、I ______ going for a walk after supper . Do you want to go together with me ?A、hadtobeB、wouldlikeC、feellikeD、preferto正确答案：C答案解析：暂无解析18、The shoes are made in Wuxi City , ______ is famous for it’s products of light industry .A、whereB、itC、thatD、which正确答案：D答案解析：暂无解析19、How long did the concert ______ ?A、goB、lastC、takeD、make正确答案：B答案解析：暂无解析20、Our country is no longer what it _____.A、usedtobeB、wouldbeC、usedtoD、is正确答案：A答案解析：暂无解析。

2012年度1月、4月、7月、10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试_英语(二)试卷及答案

2012年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷PART ONE（50 POINTS）1．Vocabulary and Structure（10 points，1 point each）从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。

1．All theories______from practice and in turn serve practice．A．differ B．rangeC．recover D．originate2．There is little______increasing your reading speed if you do not understand what you are reading．A．aim B．useC．valueD．meaning3．what you say now is not______with what you said yesterday．A．insistent B．prevalentC．consistent D．permanent4．Putting prisoners in chains doesn’t solve the______0f crime，such as poverty or disaffection within society．A．causes B．victimsC．purposesD．increases5．Binary stars，as their name suggests，are twin stars whose position in space______ each other．A．affects B．expects C．perfects D．inspects6．All evidence relevant______the case should be gathered and analyzed．A．with B．toC．from D．for7．Come what______we’ll go ahead with our plan．A．can B．need C．may D．must8．We should______primary importance to the development of economy．A．attach B．convertC．attribute D．contribute9．Examiners who are______to favorites are criticized by many people．A．indifferent B．similar C．equivalent D．partial10．Look for small ways to add activity to your day, like taking the stairs______the elevator or going on a short walk．A．in spite of B．instead ofC．in terms of D．in view ofII．Cloze Test（10 points，1 point each）下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。

2012年7月自考外贸英语写作真题

全国2012年7月自考外贸英语写作真题Part One: Questions 1-20Directions: There are 20 sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. （在下列各题中选择一个最佳答案填空。

）20%1. Should you ______ able to reduce your price, we would like to place repeat order.A. beB. areC. wereD. being2. ______, he knows a lot.A. As young he isB. Young he isC. Young as he isD. He is youngNever will he forget his first time to take a plane.Only in this way can you learn from your friends.3. As you didn’t have the color we wanted, we had no choice______ our purchase.A. but giving upB. but given upC. but to give upD. to give up4. All quotations are subject to our final confirmation ______ otherwise ______.A. unless ... statingB. unless ... statedC. if ... statingD. once ... stating5. ______ buyers have bid higher than his price.A. OthersB. The otherC. No otherD. Another6. Not only ______ unpunctual in effecting shipment, but the goods you supplied are not up to the standard as well.A. you areB. you have beenC. are youD. have you been7. We are sure that both of our companies will ______ from the joint venture.A. make benefitB. benefitC. be benefitedD. be benefitBeneficial8. Our firm is a leading importer ______ industrial chemicals.A. dealing inB. dealing withC. deal inD. deal with9. A fair comparison in quality between our products and ______ will convince you of the reasonableness of our quotation.A. other suppliersB. that of other suppliersC. any other suppliersD. those of other suppliers10. But for their assistance, our cooperation would not have made such a great progress ______.A. soon than what had expectedB. soon than what was expectedC. sooner than what had been expectedD. sooner than what had expectedNo sooner….thanHardly….when11. The branches of a company are sometimes called ______.A. subsidiaryB. subsidiariesC. subsidyD. subsidies12. Three fourths of the research ______ this year.A. beginB. beganC. beginsD. begun13. You can find ______ in the world who works harder than Arnold John.A. none elseB. no one elseC. nobodyD. no oneNo one /nobodyWho is in this room? Nobody /no oneHow many people are there in this room? NoneWhat is in the box? Nothing14. Seats in the ______ have been reserved.A. first five rowsB. first five rowC. five first rowsD. five first row15. It was ______ placed the large order.A. me whomB. me whoC. I whomD. I who16. We expect a signed contract in the ______ future.A. not to distantB. not too distantC. not-to-distantD. not-too-distant17. Do you consider ______ to be qualified candidates?A. youB. yourC. yourselvesD. yourself18. Having completed twenty years of service, ______.A. Mr. White was presented a gold watchB. a gold watch was presented to Mr. White wasC. Mr. White presented a gold watchD. a gold watch presented Mr. White19. Two ______ were missing from shipment.A. bills of ladingsB. bill of ladingsC. bill of ladingD. bills of lading20. ______ industry ______ agriculture are making progress in the country.A. Either … orB. Both … andC. Neither … norD. Not only … but alsoPart Two: Questions 21-30There is one mistake in each of the following questions. Detect and correct the mistakes. Write your corrections together with the mistakes on the answer sheet.（下列每句各有一个错误，找出错误并改正。

全国2012年7月高等教育自学考试英语阅读

全国2012年7月高等教育自学考试英语阅读（一）试题课程代码：00595全部题目用英文作答(翻译题除外)，请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. Careful Reading. (40 points, 2 points for each)Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answers and thenwrite the corresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The Nile made Egypt’s civilization possible. The river is more than 400 miles long. In its fertile valley crops are grown for food and cotton for clothing. Mud from the river bottom makes good bricks for houses. Thus ways of getting food, clothing and shelter were close for the Egyptians.The Nile is a highway for the people of Egypt. Flat bottomed boats and large narrow barges carry products from one city to another. There are also passenger boats on the Nile, carrying people up and down the river. In ancient times huge blocks of stones were floated down the river on barges. These stones are used in making buildings and monuments.For thousands of years the Egyptians have depended on the Nile for their crops. The land on both sides of the Nile is desert, where crops cannot be raised. But crops grow well in the Nile Valley. In fact, several different crops are often grown on the same land during the same year.Once the Nile flooded each year, overflowed its banks, and carried rich soil in land every summer. These floods were caused by early summer rains.At present there is a series of dams in the Nile. Water raises high in the river each summer as usual. The people do not let the Nile flood, however. They store the water behind dams. It is now possible to use the water as needed, not just at flood time.1. In the past ______.A. there was rain all the year longB. the Nile flooded every yearC. the Nile became deeper and deeper after each rainfallD. the Nile was not a long river2. Egyptians have grown crops well ______.A. on both sides of the NileB. on the land near the desert areaC. in the Nile valleyD. far away from the desert area3. In the valley of the Nile ______.A. bricks for houses are madeB. different crops are raised on the same landC. only cotton can grow wellD. people grow all crops except cotton4. “The Nile is a highway for the people of Egypt” means ______.A. cars and trucks can move as fast as possible along itB. the river bottom can serve as a road in dry seasonC. the river is an important water transportation line in EgyptD. on the river there are a lot of boats and people5. Which of the following can best summarize the passage?A. The Nile is the source of flood.B. The Nile is a highway for the people in Egypt.C. The flat bottomed boats have been used.D. The Nile made Egypt’s civilization possible.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Sleep plays a major role in preparing the body for an alert and productive tomorrow. But sleep is not a period of inactivity. The sleeping brain is highly active at various times during the night, performing numerous “house keeping tasks”. These keep us alive and aid our ability to think and remember. Sleep also energizes the body and brain. Most people spend one-third of their lives sleeping and this will affect the other two-thirds in terms of alertness, energy, moods, body weight, perception, memory, thinking, reaction time, productivity and performance.To limit sleep means our health and daytime potential are significantly reduced. So, good sleep strategies are essential in order to feel energized day after day. There is no strategy which works for everyone, so each person needs to experiment. On e important thing is that you shouldn’t worry too much if you go a few nights without a lot of sleep. It won’t ruin your life. On any given night, one in four people can’t sleep properly and everyone suffers from a lack of sleep at some time.How does one minimize this problem? It is really quite simple. The first thing you must do is to reduce stress as much as possible. Stress is part of everyday life and, while we can never be entirely without stress, it can be managed. This means taking control of your life and focusing on what is important. One sleeping strategy is to sit in a comfortable position, close your eyes and relax all your muscles, breathing easily through your nose. Continue this for ten to twenty minutes. This should help you reduce stress and sleep better. Or, you can try getting plenty of exercise, because a tired body is likely to sleep better.6. According to the passage, sleep is important because ______.A. it is a period of complete inactivity for the brainB. it helps us understand what we have already achievedC. it makes us more effective when we are awakeD. it helps us to lose weight7. Methods of getting enough sleep ______.A. vary between men and womenB. are the same for everybodyC. vary from person to personD. are based on your job8. According to the passage, being unable to sleep ______.A. affects young children the mostB. affects everybody at some timeC. is worse for those who have relaxing livesD. is likely to ruin people’s life9. A simple strategy to sleep better is to ______.A. work harder than you couldB. put your stress under controlC. breathe through your noseD. sleep on a chair instead of bed10. After a lot of physical exercise, ______.A. you should find stress increases dramaticallyB. you will become out of breathC. you should be able to enjoy better sleepD. you will not need to sleep for some timePassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Every body gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives, until finally some attack on the body brings our existence to an end. Fortunately, most of us in modern industrialized societies can take relatively good health for granted most of the time. In fact, we tend to fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us become seriously ill. At such times we keenly appreciate the ancient truth that health is our most precious asset, one for which we might readily give up such rewards as power, wealth, or fame.Because ill health is a universal problem, affecting the individual and society, the human response to sickness is always socially organized. No society leaves the responsibility for maintaining health and treating ill health entirely to the individual. Each society develops its own concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treated. Around this focus there arises, over time, a number of standards, values,groups, statuses, and roles: in other words, an institution. To the sociologist, then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease.In the simplest pre-industrial societies, medicine is usually an aspect of religion. The social arrangements for dealing with sickness are very elementary, often involving only two roles: the sick and the healer (治疗者). The latter is typically also the priest, who relies primarily on religious ceremonies, both to identify and to treat disease: for example, bones may be thrown to establish a cause; songs may be used to bring about a cure. In modern industrialized societies, on the other hand, the institution has become highly complicated and specialized, including dozens of roles such as those of brain surgeon, druggist, hospital administrator, linked with various organizations such as nursing homes, insurance companies, and medical schools. Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society.11. Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 1 ?A. Nowadays most people believe they can have fairly good health.B. Human life involves a great deal of pain and suffering.C. Most of us are aware of the full value of health.D. Ancient people believed that health was more expensive than anything else.12. The word “authorize” in Paragraph 2 means“______”.A. make way forB. give power toC. write an order forD. make it possible for13. In Paragraph 2, we learn that the sociologist regards medicine as ______.A. a system whose purpose is to treat disease and keep people healthyB. a universal problem that affects every societyC. a social responsibility to treat ill healthD. a science that focuses on the treatment of disease14. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true?A. In the past, bones might be used to decide why people fell ill.B. In pre-industrial societies priests sometimes treated patients by singing.C. Modern medicine is so complicated that sociology no longer has a place in it.D. There were only two roles in an elementary medical system, the patient and the one who triedto cure him.15. The author of this passage is mainly concerned with ______.A. sociological aspects in medicineB. medical treatment of diseasesC. the development of medical scienceD. the role of religion in medicinePassage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.English people are less genetically diverse today than they were in the days of the Vikings, possibly due to two deadly diseases that swept their country centuries ago, a new study says.The study compared DNA from ancient and modem Englanders and found that the country has a smaller gene pool than it did a thousand years ago.The finding s come in contrast to modem England’s reputation as a cultural melting pot, where in many major cities you are as likely to hear Urdu from India or Yoruba from Nigeria being spoken on the streets as English.Rus Hoelzel, a geneticist from the Britain’s University of Durham, and his colleagues obtained DNA samples from the skeletal remains of 48 ancient Britons who lived between A. D. 300 and 1000. The researchers studied the DNA, which was passed down from mothers to their children. By comparing the DNA with that of thousands of people from various ethnic backgrounds living in England today, they found that genetic diversity was greater in the ancient population. The team also compared the ancient DNA with samples from people living in continental Europe and the Middle East, and found a similar lack of genetic variety.One possible explanation for this narrowing of diversity might be two major outbreaks of plague that swept England and much of Europe — the Black Death (1347 — 1351) and the Great Plague (1665 — 1666).The Black Death epidemic is estimated to have killed as much as 50 percent of the population of Europe. Three centuries later, a fifth of the population of London died in the Great Plague. However, these diseases didn’t kill randomly, Hoelzel explained. “The plague killed some people while others remained resistant,” he said.Eske Willerslev, a specialist in ancient DNA from the University of Copenhagen, said he is surprised by the findings but agrees that the historic epidemics may explain the loss in diversity.Since the diseases, it appears that England hasn’t been able to make up the loss to the gene pool, despite the high rate of immigration into the country over the past 200 years.16. The mode m England’s reputation as “a cultural melting pot” (Para. 3) most probably means______.A. English people speak many different languagesB. England has a population of many different cultural originsC. England is famous for exporting melting potD. England has a close diplomatic relationship with India and Nigeria17. The DNA comparison between modern and ancient English people reveals ______.A. great changes have taken place in the genetic contents in the DNAB. DNA differs among different people from different ethnic backgroundsC. there is less DNA diversity in modern Englishmen than in their ancestorsD. modern Englishmen has the same DNA diversity as their ancestors18. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The ancient DNA used in this study was gathered from the bones of the ancient British people.B. The genetic information carried by DNA is passed to children from fathers.C. Although modern England has high immigration rate, it still suffers from poor genetic variety.D. England, European continent and Middle East all suffer from lack of genetic variety.19. The two deadly diseases, namely the Black Death and the Great Plague ______.A. affected England more than any other countries in EuropeB. broke out between the thirteenth century and the sixteenth centuryC. took less than half of the population away in EnglandD. left some people alive with resistance for the diseases20. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. Willerslev was not prepared to see the lack of genetic variety in modern EnglandB. many immigrants moved to England to seek a new life after the two diseasesC. the gene bank will need to introduce more new genes to make up for its lossesD. England will need to immigrate more people to make up its gene lossII. Speed Reading. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: Skim or scan the following passages. Decide on the best answers and then writethe corresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.Passage FiveQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage.Du Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who challenged the established system of education that tended to restrict rather than to advance the progress of black Americans. He challenged what is called the “Tuskegee machine” o f Booker T. Washington, the leading educational spokesperson of the blacks in the US. A sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided.Unlike Washington, whose roots were in southern black agriculture, Du Bois’s career spanned both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, received his undergraduate education from Fisk University in Nashville, did his graduate study at HarvardUniversity, and directed the Atlanta University Studies of Black American Life in the South. Du Bois approached the problem of racial relations in the United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcher and as an activist for civil rights. Among his works was the famous empirical (经验主义的) sociological study, The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study, in which he examined that city’s black population and made recommendations for the school system. Du Bois’s Philadelphia study was the pioneer work on urban blacks in America.Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil rights movement. He helped to organize the Niagara Movement in 1905, which led to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established in 1909. From 1910 until 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal of the NAACP In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position was that all American children and youth should have genuine equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate, stressed the following themes: (1) public schooling should be free and compulsory for all American children; (2) secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should not be monopolized by any special class or race.As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the tradition of racial segregation in the schools but also the accommodationist (妥协的;迁就的) ideology of Booker T. Washington. The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change. Du Bois believed in educated leadership for blacks, and he developed a concept referred to as the “talented tenth”, according to which 10 percent of the black population wou ld receive a traditional college education in preparation for leadership.21. Compared with Booker T. Washington, Du Bois’s political stand was ______.A. less popularB. more radicalC. less aggressiveD. more conservative22. According to the text, Du Bois worked as all of the following EXCEPT ______.A. an editorB. an educatorC. a scholarD. an official23. It is Du Bois’s belief that ______.A. the blacks have a priority in terms of educationB. higher education should be free for all racesC. everyone has an equal right to educationD. development in education should be gradual24. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Washington would not appreciate the idea of overthrowing social order.B. Racial separation is an outcome of accommodationist ideology.C. Washington would not support a determined and activist leadership.D. The Philadelphia Negro is a book on blacks in American South.25. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.A. many blacks are prepared for leadershipB. Du Bois was in favor of “elite education” for blacksC. Washington and Du Bois had never been friendsD. only the top 10 percent are worth educatingPassage SixQuestions 26-30 are based on the following passage.In Jane Collard’s o pinion, stress is becoming an increasingly common feature of the workplace. Stress is a highly individual reaction, which varies considerably from person to person, and it is difficult for some employees to avoid it. Indeed, stress is regarded by many as part of the organizational culture of our institutions: it comes with the job. Recent figures indicate that time taken off work because of stress has increased by 50 percent since the 1950s. Undoubtedly, changes in working conditions have led to greater pressure at work at all levels. With reductions in staffing, workloads for individual employees have increased. In addition, many employees are left worrying about the security of their jobs.On the stress management courses that she runs, Jane Collard tries to make the trainees realize that stress in itself is not harmful. Everyone needs a certain level of stress to enable them to feel motivated and to perform effectively. A complete absence of stress can be as damaging as overstress, since it can make people lose interest in their work, and even lead to depression. The difficulties occur when the amount of stress rises above a level which is healthy for a particular individual. If this happens, the effects are very obvious and the trainees are taught to recognize the signs. Stress may be expressed physically, for example through headaches and tiredness, or through emotional problems such as depression. A person suffering from stress may also start to behave differently, and can be difficult to deal with.While it may not always be possible to prevent stress, there are a number of ways in which it can be controlled. The first thing that the trainees learn is how to manage their time effectively. This involves, first of all, setting realistic goals for both the short and long terms. Once this framework has been established, tasks are then prioritized on a daily basis. The trainees are also reminded that when they are under pressure the less important items should be left, and they should never hesitate to delegate. Everyone is encouraged to look at ways of reducing “wastedtime”, for example by grouping similar tasks together or dealing with items immediately.Jane feels that one of the most useful features of the course is that it enables trainees to deal with those demands or deadlines that they regard as unreasonable. They are encouraged to avoid being defensive, but at the same time they are advised not to be afraid of saying “no”. They are asked to give reasons only if necessary. The training helps them to foresee difficult situations or unwanted demands, and they learn how to prepare themselves mentally. Everyone is encouraged not to get stuck in negative thought patterns, where stress can feed a circular sense of helplessness. One solution they discuss is to think of a more encouraging alternative for each negative message. They learn, for example, to remind themselves that nothing terrible happens when a demand is refused or a deadline missed. Life goes on.26. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT the cause of stress atwork?A. Working conditions change.B. With reductions in staffing, workloads for individual employees have increased.C. Many employees are afraid of losing their jobs.D. The pay is lower than before.27. The purpose of the stress management courses run by Jane Collard is ______.A. to help people reduce their stressB. to make the trainees realize stress in itself is not harmfulC. to make the trainees realize stress enables people to feel motivated and to perform effectivelyD. to make the trainees realize a complete absence of stress can lead to depression28. “Prioritize” in the third paragraph means “______”.A. arrange in orderB. give attention toC. concentrate onD. regard as29. The most useful feature of the course is that ______.A. it enables trainees to deal with those demands or deadlines that they regard as unreasonableB. it helps people realize stress is not always harmfulC. it helps people work more efficientlyD. it lets people know the relationship between work and stress30. Which of the following can best summarize the passage?A. Stress is not always harmful.B. Stress is becoming an increasingly common feature of the workplace.C. Jane Collard’s research on stress.D. How to prevent stress?III. Discourse Cloze. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: The following passage is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces (there are more suggested answers than necessary). Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.It is difficult to live without a car in modern America. Cities and towns are built around the automobile. 31. ______. Future communities, while still allowing residents to own and operate cars if they so choose, must be centered not around vehicle traffic, but around foot traffic.A common argument against cars is 32. ______, are undesirable. While this is true, the automobile must be removed from urban planning not only due to pollution but also because of its unsustainable nature. Cars—and the type of city that is planned around them — use considerable resources and space that will not be available in the future. 33. ______. Although it is possible for alternative fuel sources to be developed, these will nonetheless require considerable energy use. Furthermore, many resources are consumed in the production of cars. In a world with a constantly increasing population, the manufacture of new cars is not something that can be sustained and provided to all the people of the world. Not only does the production and operation of cars drain society, but the attitude associated with the automobile endangers the future. It is not advantageous for individuals to drive everywhere because, as the population increases, 34. ______ —a drain on both time and resources that can be avoided with proper planning for the future.Unfortunately, current urban plans require 35. ______. Mass transit, for the most part, is hardly available to those outside of downtown areas. Even where it is available, mass transit is often limited in scope and does not provide a preferable alternative to automobiles. The desire to own cars and land accompanies this idea. This property craving is currently satiated via suburban sprawl and large houses. With burgeoning population, the inefficient land use based on the notion of property wealth needs to be discarded. 36. ______. Communities of the future must be designed so that businesses and homes are built next to one another.Of course, this is not possible with current cities. Most businesses are located in undesirable areas of cities. Moreover, suburban sprawl further demands that one uses a car. Suburban areas are spread out over large tracts of land; not only does this use up valuable farmland and natural areas, 37. ______. For the most part, suburban communities function as places to sleep; residents work and play outside of where they live. In order to create sustainable communities for future generations, it is not enough to simply pursue ideas such as mass transit. Although mass transit is an important part of any city plan, it is an alternative that distracts from the immediate problem at hand: 38. ______.Americans have a notion 39. ______. Downtown areas can be modified to lower crime andcreate a more attractive facade. In addition, new communities can be designed so that residential and commercial areas are zoned and built next to each other. With proper attention to building codes and planning, attractive houses and businesses can coexist. 40. ______. In return, this will eliminate the need for automobile transportation. It is not enough, however, that people merely be able to work near where they live. Shopping areas — from grocery to clothing stores — should be located near homes so that citizens do not have to travel long distances to run errands. Concurrent with this, entertainment facilities should be near homes and businesses so that an entire functioning and viable community can be within easy walking distance.(From Communities for Future Generations in the US)A. it will lead to incredible congestion within urban areasB. but people who live in suburbs are far removed from entertainment and shopping centers andmust travel by car to these placesC. but it is a necessary one that must be made if the nation wishes to maintain its high standards oflivingD. This is a design focus that must be avoided in the futureE. the fundamental need is to rethink how people live and what type of communities they live inF. It will be difficult for urban planners to take these stepsG. Communities must be redesigned so that people can live and work in both close quarters and comfortH. that they pollute the environment and thusI. If this is done properly, people will in fact prefer to live in these communities for convenience and ease of commuteJ. that they need to accumulate property wealth and this must be changedK. that anyone who wishes to lead an active life must drive a carL. Oil reserves are dwindling and will disappear within the next centuryIV. Word Formations. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word inthe brackets. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.41. (robber) Acting on inside information, the police were able to arrest the gang before the______ occurred.42. (attention) He was talkative, but since he seemed inclined to talk about me I was preparedto be an ______ listener.43. (vary) I was impressed by the actors’ ______ ways of dealing with death: sadness,humors, silence, etc.44. (suggest) They will need specific ______ for problems such as speech defects orbackwardness in learning to walk or control of bodily functions.45. (similar) The only ______ is that we are all certificated when we are born and when wedie, and we are recognized by a certification of birth and death.46. (efficient) Although examinations do the job quite ______, their side effects are alsoenormous.47. (anxiety) The whole country was now so ______ to return to normal conditions that ittook little notice of events in Europe.48. (norm) Upbringing is ______ used to refer to the treatment and training of the childwithin the home.49. (break) Hitler’s ______ promises included an attack on Poland, which Britain andFrance were bound by treaty to defend.50. (intense) After many hours of surgery and weeks of ______ care, Jerry was releasedfrom the hospital with fragments of the bullets still in his body.V. Gap Filling. (10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: The following passage is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary). WriteOn the north side of Trafalgar, famous for its Admiral Nelson (“Nelson’s Column”), its fountains and its hordes of pigeons, there stands a long, low building in classic style. This is the National Gallery, which contains Britain’s best-known 51. ______ of pictures. The collection was begun in 1824, with the purchase of thirty-eight pictures that included Horgarth’s satirical “Marriage à la Mode” series, and Titian’s “Venus and Adonis”.The National Gallery is rich in paintings by Italian masters such as Raphael, Correggio, and Veronese, and it contains pictures 52. ______ of all European schools of art such as works by Rembrandt, Rubens, Van Dyck, Murillo, E1 Greco, and nineteenth century French masters. Many 53. ______. are especially attracted to V elasquez’s “Rokeby Venus” and Leonardo da Vinci’s “Virgin of the Rocks”.On 54. ______ days, students and other young people are often to be seen having a sandwich lunch on the portico of the Gallery overlooking Trafalgar Square. Admission to the Gallery is free, as is the 55. ______ with other British national galleries and museums, which are maintained by。

历年全国自考试题外贸英语写作

历年全国自考试题外贸英语写作Part One：Questions 1-20Directions：There are 20 sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. （在下列各题中选择一个最佳答案填空。

） 20%1. The idea occurred ______ me while I was reading the report.A. withB. to（转自自考365）C. fromD. before2. All the evidences ______ that he is going to be promoted.A. suggestB. suggestsC. suggestingD. suggested3. The U.S.A. imports raw silk ______ Japan every year.A. toB. fromC. inD. on4. Our department achieved higher sales than ______ departments in the company.A. any otherB. anyC. everyD. all5. The branch managers， ______， were to set the date.A. Lola and meB. Lola and myC. Lola and ID. Lola and mine6. The new computer ______ well in the market because of its good quality.A. sellsB. soldC. is soldD. was sold7. The young man ______ between Mr. Howard and Mrs. Simpson is the editor of the newspaper.A. sitsB. satC. sitting D to sit8. Despite the accident， Mr. Green appeared ______.A. calmnessB. calmlyC. calmedD. calm9. They will give the award to ______ the committee chooses.A. whoB. whomC. whoeverD. whomever10. ______he has learned from the failure will benefit him in the future.A. WhatB. WhetherC. HowD. If11. These contracts， ______， were not signed until 5 P.M.A. were translated into EnglishB. had been translated into EnglishC. having been translated into EnglishD. have been translatedinto English12. It might have been ______ who placed the large order.A. herB. hisC. himD. she13. ______， it would have been more competitive last year.A. The company had advertised overseasB. Had the company advertised overseasC. The company has advertised overseasD. Has the company advertised overseas14. Tom Mcllory， ______ is a graduate of Stanford University，will be assigned to the plant in Waco， Texas.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. whom15. The meeting， ______ there is new situation， will be put off until next spring.A. beforeB. afterC. whileD. unless16. The bill of lading did not match the order； ______， the shipment was refused.A. moreoverB. consequentlyC. on the contraryD. however17. The job description lists these duties： answering the telephone， making appointments， and ______.A. collect data for reportsB. data must be collected for reportsC. data collecting for reportsD. collecting data for reports18. ______the supermarket efficiently， the manager has adopted some new policies.A. To runB. RunningC. RunD. Having run19. Either Mr. Babcock or other branch managers ______ to attend the meeting that will be held next month.A. isB. areC. wasD. were（转自自考365）20. The world steel production this year is ______.A. higher than last year 15 percentB. higher 15 percent than last yearC. 15 percent higher than last yearD. higher than 15 percent last year非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

00087英语翻译2012年7 月历年真题试卷试题及答案

2012年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语翻译试题课程代码：00087本试卷满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

考生答题注意事项：1.本卷所有试卷必须在答题卡上作答。

答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。

2.第一部分为选择题。

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3.第二部分为非选择题。

必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。

4.合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。

第一部分选择题A．周恩来非常安静，非常体贴，在要求他们坐下，询问有何见教的时候，甚至还有些腼腆。

B．周恩来举止优雅，待人体贴，在欢迎他们坐下，询问有何见教的时候，甚至还有些害羞。

C．周恩来非常安静，非常体贴，甚至还有些腼腆，当招呼他们坐下，询问有何见教时。

D．周恩来举止优雅，待人体贴，在招呼他们坐下，询问有何见教的时候，甚至还有些腼腆。

A．我记得当我第一次看到外祖母坐在长廊里的安乐椅里摇动时，感到非常惊讶。

B．我记得我非常惊讶，当我第一次看到外祖母在长廊里坐在安乐椅里摇动时。

C．我记得当我第一次看到外祖母在长廊里蹒跚而去时，感到非常惊讶。

D．我记得当我第一次看到外祖母在长廊里跳摇摆舞时，感到非常惊讶。

A．工业革命带着这些机械开始了；修造磨坊的匠人就是开创新时代的工程师。

B．工业革命带着这些机械开始了；修造磨坊的匠人就是未来时代的工程师。

C．工业革命就是从这些机械开始的；修造磨坊的匠人就是开创新时代的工程师。

D．工业革命就是从这些机械开始的；修造磨坊的匠人就是以后时代的工程师。

A．从开罗驱车南行，进入尼罗河河谷，我进入了一片还没有受到多少现代影响的景色。

B．我从开罗驱车南行，进入尼罗河河谷，这里的景色还没有受到多少现代的影响。

C．我从开罗驱车南行，进入尼罗河河谷，这里的景色和现代没有多少关系。

D．从开罗驱车南行，进入尼罗河河谷，我进入了一片和现代没有多少关系的景色。

A．蒙大拿、科罗拉多、怀俄明、爱达荷以及加利福尼亚等州的真正财富，是埋在草和土里的。