2022年考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：47

2022年考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析
AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
翻译题
仅仅传授专业知识是不够的。

通过专业教育可以使人成为一种有用的机器，却不能成为一个全面发展的人。

让学生对价值理念有所理解并产生热情，是不可或缺的。

否则，他——连同他的专业知识——就更像一条受过良好训练的狗，而非一个和谐发展的人。

他必须通过学习了解人们的动机、幻想和苦难，以便正确处理同他人和社会的关系。

【答案】【参考译文】Only to impart professional knowledge is not enough. Professional education can make human being become a kind of useful machine, but can’t make him a person of comprehensive development. It is absolutely necessary for letting students have some understanding of the concept of value and generate enthusiasm. Otherwise, he, together with his specialized knowledge, will more resemble a well-trained dog rather than a person of harmonious development. He must learn to understand people’s motivation, fa ntasy and misery so as to correctly handling the relationship with other people and the society.
2.
单选题
The mayor is a woman with great forthrightness and therefore deserves our political and financial support.
问题1选项
A.intention
B.instinct
C.integrity
D.intensity
【答案】C 【解析】考查名词辨析。

forthrightness意为“坦率，直率”；intention意为“意图，目的”；instinct 意为“本能，天性”；integrity意为“正直，诚实”；intensity意为“强烈”。

句意：市长是一位非常直率的女性，因此值得我们的政治和财政支持。

3.
翻译题
Can man be credited with choosing the right path when he knows only one? Can he be congratulated for his wise decision when only one judgment is possible? If he knows nothing of vice, is he to be praised for adhering to virtue?
From the day when the first man tasted the forbidden fruit, he has been struggling with the choice between good and evil, but without his full awareness of the pleasing taste of that apple, or even of its existence, would he be worthy of praised for forbearing to eat it? Wisdom consists of the deliberate exercise of judgment; knowledge comes in the discrimination between those known alternatives. Weighing these alternatives is the way of maturity. Only then does man have the strength to follow his choice without wavering, since that choice is based firmly on knowledge rather than on an uncertain, dangerously shallow foundation of ignorance.
【答案】【参考译文】当知道仅有一条路可以走的时候，一个人做出的抉择还能被称为正确吗？当眼前只有一个选择时，那个人所作的决定还能算是明智的吗？如果他根本不懂什么叫罪恶，那他又是否该为坚守道义而受到称赞？
自从人类第一次偷尝禁果之后，就一直在善与恶之间的选择上作斗争，但是如果他对那禁果的可口味道，甚至于连它的存在都不知道，那他会因为克制自己不吃它而被称赞吗？
智慧的获取得益于一次次慎重的评判，而知识则来源于对已知的选择进行鉴别。

权衡这些选择才是成熟之道。

只有这样，一个人才能有力量毫不动摇地坚持自己的选择，因为这种选择是基于知识，而不是不确定的，非常肤浅的愚昧无知。

4.
翻译题
Peer tutoring is an effective way to improve learning for both the tutee and the tutor, and no one doubts the value of this strategy for meeting individual needs within a classroom. However, it takes more than simply pairing off students to make peer tutoring result in improved learning.
Although you are likely to use informal tutoring practices in your classroom every day (e.g.
asking one student to help another student with a problem), establishing a formalized tutoring program requires more involved planning. The following strategies can help you create and sustain an effective program within your classroom. As with most initiatives, if you can work with your building administrator and other teachers to establish a school-wide tutoring program, you will be able to serve the needs of all students more successfully. Typically, training will be minimal and will include basic instruction in modeling, prompting responses from tutees, using corrective feedback and praise/reinforcement, alternating teaching methods and materials (i.e.., using multisensory methods), and recording and reporting progress. If this is a school-wide initiative, classroom teachers or even parents or paraprofessionals can train students who will tutor as part of an extracurricular service activity.
【答案】【参考译文】同伴教学是一种对受教者和施教者的学习都有改进的有效方法，没有人怀疑这种策略在课堂里满足个人需求的价值。

然而，要想让同伴辅导提高学习效果，仅仅把学生配对是不够的。

虽然你可能每天在你的课堂里使用非正式的辅导实践（例如，要一位学生去帮助另一位学生解决问题），但是建立一个正式的辅导课程却需要更复杂的设计。

下面的策略可以帮助您在课堂里创建并维持一个有效的辅导课程。

与大多数的倡议一样，如果您能与大楼管理员和其他教师共同去建立一个全校性的辅导课程，那么您将能够更成功地满足所有学生的需求。

通常，培训是小规模的，并且包括建模的基本指令，提示来自受教者的回应，使用矫正反馈和称赞/强化，交替教学方法和材料（如使用多感官的方式），记录和报告进展。

如果这是一次全校性的倡议，那么将辅导作为部分课外服务活动的课堂老师，甚至家长或辅导专职人员都可以训练学生。

5.
翻译题
以前人们常说，英国人享乐时也会郁郁不乐。

如今，如果英国人真有什么乐趣可享的话，情况无疑还会依然如此，不过英国的烟酒价格构成了足以令人忧愁的外因。

有时我觉得，这种享乐时也郁郁不乐的癖性已经传到了大西洋彼岸，我不由得纳闷：这么多讲英语的人身体又健康，收入又丰厚，怎么人生观却如此消沉。

我在美国旅行期间，注意到了一种根深蒂固的忧郁症。

我觉得这种忧郁症似乎极其普遍，这就给社会改革家出了难题。

大多数社会改革家认为，若是消除了贫困，有了经济保障，太平盛世就会到来。

但是，无论在贵国还是在蔽国，看着坐在豪华轿车里的人们的面孔，却见不到社会改革家引导人们期待的那种喜气洋洋的神情。

相反，十有八九，我看到的是一副厌倦不满的神情，以及一种近似疯狂的渴望，想找点东西吊起早已发腻的胃口。

【答案】【参考译文】It used to be said that English people take their pleasure sadly. This would no doubt still be the case today if they had any pleasure to take, but the price of alcohol and tobacco in British has provided sufficient external causes for melancholy. I have sometimes thought that the habit of taking pleasure sadly has crossed the Atlantic, and I have wondered what it is that makes so many English-speaking people somber in their outlook in spite of good health and a good income.
During my travels in the America, I have been impressed by a kind of fundamental malaise which seems to me extremely common and which poses difficult problems for the social reformer. Most social reformers have held the opinion that, if poverty were abolished and there were no more economic insecurity, the millennium would have arrived. But when I look at the faces of people in luxury cars, whether in your country or in mine, I do not see that look of radiant happiness which the aforesaid social reformers had led people to expect. In all likelihood, on the contrary, I see instead a look of boredom and discontent and an almost frantic longing for something that might tickle the jaded palate.
6.
翻译题
With the Armistice of 1918, and the peacemaking of 1919 (and the 18th Amendment of the same year, that in theory made America a ‘dry’ nation), the American prose-writer entered a new period of revolt. In some ways this was a continuation of earlier movements. But the writers themselves did not think so; they acknowledged no kinship with prewar writers, except perhaps Theodore Dreiser. Henry Adams had said that the generations in American history were discontinuous: the younger did not learn from the older one, nor could it. Few of Adams’s contemporaries would have agreed with him. However, his Education, when published in a popular edition in 1918, made an immediate appeal to young people who were convinced that if they knew none of the answers, at any rate they had clues of which their parents had no inkling. Since they learned from Adams, who was old enough to be their collective grandfather, it might seem that he disproved his own theory. Such an objection, though, would have been met with the argument that Adams could make contact with them because he was out of touch with his own era. The post-war generation, the Lost Generation—when had any age-group been so self-consciously aware of itself?—laid eager claim to lost souls from the past. In reviving such figures as Melville it apologized for the stupidity of its ancestors.
【答案】【参考译文】随着1918年第一次世界大战停战协定的签订和1919年调停的达成（同一年的第18版修正案在理论上让美国变成了一个“没有战事”的国家），美国散文作家进入了一个新的反叛时期。

从某种程度上来说，这是早期反叛运动的延续。

但这些散文作家自己并不这么认为。

除了西奥多•德莱塞之外，他们不承认与战前的作家有任何密切关系。

享利•亚当斯称，在美国历史上，代与代之间是没有延续关系的：年轻的一代既没有，也不能向年长的一代人学习。

亚当斯的同代人中很少有人赞同他的观点。

然
而，当他的《教育》一书在1918年以普及本被出版后，立刻引起了年轻人的兴趣。

这些年轻人坚信，对
于那些父辈们一无所知的问题，即便是他们也不知道答案，他们也至少知道一些相关的线索。

由于他们向在年龄上可充当他们共同祖父的亚当斯学习，他似乎反驳了自己的理论。

而这种反驳也早该和亚当斯做出的与之相关的言论符合，因为他与自己所在的时代没有联系。

战后的一代，即迷惘的一代——有哪个年龄阶段的人曾如此清楚地意识到自己？——热切地声称有权拥有从过去迷失的灵魂。

在让诸如梅尔维尔等人物振作起来的过程中，迷失的一代为祖辈的愚蠢行为进行了道歉。

7.
翻译题
In the process of the on-going nationwide campaign launched to consolidate the market order, punishments have been meted out in accordance with laws against with crimes that do harm to people’s lives and health, including production and sale of counterfeit and subst andard foods and medicines, and other crimes such as tax evasion and defraud, financial swindling, smuggling and pyramid selling. This has effectively protected the people’s legitimate rights and interests. Work has been intensified to investigate and prevent on-job crimes, with special focus on investigating and punishing those convicted of serious bribery and corruption offenses, bringing to justice those proven to have acted as behind-the-scene leaders of Mafia-like gangs or as their “protective umbrellas” by taking advantages of their powers and influence.
【答案】【参考译文】在全国范围内开展的整顿市场秩序活动中，依法惩治了生产、销售假冒伪劣食品、药品等危害人民生命健康的犯罪和偷税、诈骗、金融诈骗、走私、传销等其他犯罪。

这有效地保障了人民的合法权益。

加大查办和预防职务犯罪工作力度，重点查处严重受贿、腐败犯罪分子，将那些被证明是黑社会性质组织的幕后领导人或利用其权力和影响力充当其“保护伞”的人绳之以法。

8.
单选题
Although some people advocate terrorists, love of peace is the（）feeling of many people today.
问题1选项
A.dominant
B.predominant
C.paramount
D.preeminent
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

dominant意为“占优势的，占支配地位的”，强调权威；predominant意为“主要的，占主导地位的”，侧重主要的，有优势的；paramount意为“最高的，至上的” ；preeminent 意为“卓越的，杰出的”。

句意：虽然有些人鼓吹恐怖分子，但热爱和平是当今很多人的主要态度。

9.
单选题
It soon becomes clear that the interior designer's most important basic concern is the function of the particular（）.
问题1选项
A.circumstances
B.environment
C.surroundings
D.space
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。

circumstance意为“环境，境遇”，往往指人力无法控制、驾驭的事件和事态的总和；environment意为“环境，外界”,指对人的成长、情感、观念、伦理、道德、品行等产生影响的环境;surrounding意为“环境，周围的事物”，偏重于生活、居住的周围环境；space意为“(可利用的) 空地，空间”。

句意：很快就清楚了，室内设计师最重要的基本关注点是某一特定空间的功能。

10.
单选题
The guests were in a jubilant mood as the wedding began.
问题1选项
A.exultant
B.conciliatory
C.reverent
D.receptive
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

a jubilant意为“喜庆洋洋的，欢欣鼓舞的”；exultant意为“狂喜的；兴高采烈的”；conciliatory意为“调解的，安抚的”；reverent意为“恭敬的，虔敬的”；receptive意为“乐于接受的”。

句意：婚礼开始时，客人们都喜气洋洋。

11.
单选题
After his long illness, the old man appeared so thin and （）that a gust of wind might have blown him away.
问题1选项
A.flimsy
B.powerless
C.frail
D.faint
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

flimsy意为“劣质的，不结实的，薄而易损坏的”；powerless意为“无影响力的，无权的，无能为力”；frail意为“脆弱的，虚弱的”；faint意为“（光、声、味）微弱的，不清楚的”。

由句中的long illness（长期生病）和thin（瘦小的）可知选C。

句意：这位老人病了很久，看上去如此瘦小虚弱以致于一直狂风就可能把他吹走。

12.
翻译题
清洁的空气对于健康是至关重要的。

如果空气中含有杂质，这些杂质就有可能被我们的身体吸收，使人生病。

我们需要清洁的空气，但不幸的是，目前普遍存在着空气污染，尤其是在城市里。

城市里有许多食品厂、服装厂和制造其他东西的工厂。

每天这些工厂把千百万吨的烟灰排放到空气中。

工厂产生的东西过一个时期就会损坏，然后就作为垃圾扔掉。

我们烧掉许多垃圾，烟灰就增多了。

还有工厂生产的汽车，一旦出厂在街上行驶，将会吸进空气，排出有毒气体，并增加空气中的烟尘。

世界上没有任何一个地方可以彻底摆脱空气污染，我们必须采取措施来控制空气污染。

现在越来越多的人正在认识到清洁空气的重要性。

学校开设了关于污染问题的课程。

企业开始帮着净化空气，他们安装了特别的设备来清除自己排放的烟雾。

科学家和发明家正在努力开发更清洁的汽车和火车引擎。

或许，人们在城市里能呼吸新鲜空气的日子终将到来。

【答案】【参考译文】Clean air is vital to good health. If the air contains impurities, they may be absorbed by our bodies make us ill. We need clean air, but unfortunately, air pollution is generally present, especially in cities. There are many food factories, garment factories and factories for making other products in cities. Every day these factories discharge million tons of smoke and soot into the air. Things made in factories wear out after a while and are thrown away as trash. We burn a lot of trash, which produces more smoke and soot. Moreover, once the automobiles produced by factories are out on the street, they will take in air and replace it with poisonous gases, which again produce more smoke and soot.
No area in the world can completely free of air pollution. We must take measures to control it. Now more and more people are realizing the importance of clean air. Schools have taught about the pollution problem. Industries are begun to help clean up, by installing equipment to clean up their smoke. Scientists and inventors are making efforts to develop cleaner automobiles and the engine of train.
Perhaps the day when people are able to breathe fresh air in cities will come at last.
13.
单选题
The original elections were declared（）by the former military ruler.
问题1选项
A.void
B.vulgar
C.surplus
D.extravagant
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

void意为“无效的，空的”；vulgar意为“庸俗的，粗俗的，粗野的”；surplus 意为“过剩的”；extravagant意为“奢侈的，挥霍的，过分的”。

句意：最初的选举被先前军事统治统治者宣布无效。

14.
单选题
As a（）actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments. 问题1选项
A.flexible
B.versatile
C.sophisticated
D.productive
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

flexible意为“灵活的”；versatile意为“多才多艺的，有多种技能的”；sophisticated意为“见多识广的，老练的”；productive意为“多产的，有效益的”。

由句子后面的内容可知他会很多才艺，因此选B。

句意：作为一名多才多艺的演员，他会表演、唱歌、跳舞并能演奏好几种乐器。

15.
单选题
The Red Cross appealed to philanthropy to save a life of a prisoner. 问题1选项
A.public
B.charity
C.justice
D.attorney
【答案】B
【解析】考查同义名词辨析。

A选项public“公众，社会，公共场所”；B选项charity“慈善，慈善团体”；C选项justice“司法，法律制裁，正义”；D选项attorney“律师，代理人，检察官”。

句意：红十字会呼吁慈善事业来拯救一名囚犯的生命。

Philanthropy“慈善；慈善事业”，B选项与该单词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。