大一上英语听力翻译
大学英语听力 第一单元翻译
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Test 1听力原文及参考答案Section A1.W; Excuse me, when will the 7:15 bus arrive?M: It's been delayed two hours because a bridge was broken.Q: What do we learn from this conversation?(C)The bus will probably arrive at 9:15女:打扰一下,应该在7:15到达的公共汽车怎么还没到达呢?男:因为一座桥坏了,所以耽搁了2个小时问:对话的内容讲的是什么?答:公共汽车大概9:15到达。
2.W: I'm afraid Susan's question made you angry,M: Don't worry. If I had been angry, I would have refused to answer it.Q: How did the man feel?(B)He wasn't annoyed by Susan.女:我担心苏珊问的问题让你生气。
男:不用担心,如果我生气了,我就拒绝回答她的问题。
问:这位男士的感受是什么?答:他不会对苏珊恼怒。
3.W: We have been waiting for you for over an hour.M: I'm sorry. I would have been here sooner if I'd not been held up by the traffic jam. Q: Why was the man late?(A)The traffic was too busy.女:我已经等你一个多小时了。
男:对不起,要不是被堵车耽误了,我早该到了问:这个男人为什么迟到?答:因为堵车。
4. W: Could I please borrow a pen from you? Mine has just run out of ink.M: I'm afraid I don't have an extra one Would a pencil do?Q: How did the man respond to the woman's request?(B)He offered her a pencil.女:你能借我一支笔吗?我的笔墨水好像用完了。
大一英语(上)课后翻译
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大一英语(上)课后翻译1A.1. 自从有了移动电话后,他再也没有给朋友写信了。
(no longer)Answer:He has no longer written to his friends ever since he got a mobile phone.2. 尽管很忙,他每天至少花两小时上网(surf the Internet),了解这个领域的最新动态。
(even though) Answer:Even though he is very busy, he spends at least two hours every day surfing the Internet in order to know about the latest developments in this field.3. 李教授在毕业典礼上作了一个简短的讲话,他的话深深铭刻在我的记忆中。
(impress upon)Answer:Professor Li gave a short speech at the commencement. His words were / What he said was strongly impressed upon my memory.4. 讲到期末考试,学生们一点儿都不紧张,他们满脸都是自信。
(confidence)Answer:Talking of the final exams, the students were not nervous at all. There was full confidence on every one's face.5. 在30分钟内写出一篇约100个词的短文,对于他们班大多数学生来说不过是小菜一碟。
(snap)Answer:To write a short passage of about 100 words in 30 minutes would be a snap to most students in their class.1B.1. 我发觉自己对英语口语有着浓厚的兴趣。
Unit 1教材听力原文及译文
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Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?Section A1b Listen and number the conversations [1-3]. Conversation 1Girl: I want to join the music club. Boy: Oh, can you sing? Girl: Yes, I can. Conversation 2 Girl: Can you swim? Boy: No, I can ’t. Conversation 3Girl: I want to join the art club. Boy: Can you draw? Girl: Yes, I can.2a Listen to these two conversations and the clubs you hear. Conversation 1David: What club do you want to join, Lisa? Lisa: I want to join the chess club. David: Can you play chess?Lisa: No, I can ’t. What about you, John? John: I can. Conversation 2Bob: Hi, Mary. Here are all the clubs.Mary: What club do you want to join, Bob?Bob: I want to join the English club. I like to speakEnglish. How about you?Mary: Hmm. I want to join the chess club. Can youplay chess?Bob: No, I don ’t like chess. Do you like music?Mary: Oh, yes. I can sing and dance. I like music.Bob: Me, too. Let ’s join the music club.2b Listen again. Complete the sentences. Conversation 1David: What club do you want to join, Lisa? Lisa: I want to join the chess club. David: Can you play chess?Lisa: No, I can ’t. What about you, John? John: I can.听录音,为对话编号[1-3]。
大学英语听说教程1听力原文
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大学英语听说教程1听力原文Unit 1 ListeningPart 11. W: Good morning, can I help you?M: Yes, I'd like to inquire about the English courses offered here. W: Sure, we have various levels of courses tailored to different needs. Let me give you a brochure.2. M: How was your weekend?W: I had a really great time. I went hiking with my friends in the mountains.3. W: Hi Tom, I haven't seen you for ages! How have you been?M: I've been pretty busy with my job. How about you?4. M: Excuse me, could you tell me where the nearest post office is? W: Sure. Go straight down this street and you'll see it on yourleft-hand side.5. W: Did you hear about the Eastern Music Festival happening next month?M: Yes, I heard about it. I'm planning to go and enjoy some live performances.Part 2Passage 1Just picture this: You're walking down the street, coffee in hand, feeling good and confident. Suddenly, you trip and spill your coffee all over yourself. Embarrassing, right? But don't worry,everyone has unpleasant experiences like this sometimes. The key is to handle them with grace. Instead of panicking or feeling ashamed, try to stay calm and remember that accidents happen to everyone. Clean yourself up, laugh it off, and move on. People around you will admire your composure.Passage 2Feeling stressed out? Taking a walk outdoors may be just what you need. According to a recent study, spending time in nature can reduce stress and increase happiness. When you're surrounded by nature, your brain enters a state of relaxation, allowing you to focus better and be more creative. So next time you find yourself feeling overwhelmed, take a break and go for a walk in the park. You'll come back feeling refreshed and ready to tackle whatever challenges come your way.。
大学英语视听说3听力原文翻译Unit 2
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Unit 2II. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptM: Now we have satellite and high-powered microscopes, it’s easy to think we know everything about the world; but we still don’t understand EI Nino.W: Right. Even the scientists are uncertain about the exact cause of the warm Pacific current that brings storms or drought—the mysterious EI Nino.Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation?B) Even scientists cannot understand EI Nino.男:现在我们有卫星和高性能的显微镜,我们知道世界上的一切是很容易的;但我们仍不了解尼诺现象。
W:右。
甚至科学家也不知道确切的原因温暖的太平洋洋流带来的风暴或干旱的神秘的尼诺。
问:根据对话,下列哪项是正确的?B)连科学家们无法理解尼诺。
2. ScriptM:Everyone is talking about environmental problem: acid rain, greenhouse effect, holes in the ozone layer. We should think positively. What can we do to improve things?W:I agree. We could do a lot more to harness the sun’s energy for heating and lighting in our homes. Millions of solar roofs are now emerging in Japan, the U.S., Italy, and Germany.Q: How do the man and the woman view the environment?D) Both the man and woman think positively about it.M:每个人都在谈论环境问题:酸雨,温室效应,臭氧层的洞。
新编大学英语第一册课后翻译(英汉对照)
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Unit 11) I'm tired. I should not have gone to bed so late last night.我累了。
昨晚我不该那么晚睡觉。
(should not + 动词完成式)2)I don't/didn't know Bob very well, but we go/went out for an occasional drink together.我和鲍勃不是很熟,不过我们偶尔一起出去喝一杯。
(occasional)3)We are supposed to meet her at the train station.我们应该去火车站接她。
(be supposed to)4)You could clearly see people drowning, but/and yet you took no action to save them.你可以清楚地看到有人快要淹死(drown),而你却没有采取行动救他们。
(take action)5) Including weekends, there are only twelve more days to buy Christmas presents.包括周末在内,仅仅还有十二天时间可以用来买圣诞(Christmas)礼物。
(including)6) Without immediate action, many kinds of wild animals would die from hunger.如果不立即采取行动,许多种野生动物就会因饥饿而死亡。
(without, hunger)Unit 21)That songs always reminded her of the night spent in Chicago.那首歌总是使她会想起在芝加哥度过的那个夜晚。
(remind...of...)2)There happened to be a policeman on the corner, so I asked him the way.街角处刚好有一位警察,我便向他问路。
大学生英语第一册翻译
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大学生英语第一册翻译第一篇:大学生英语第一册翻译Unit 1 Writing for MyselfUseful Expressions1.断断续续 off and on2.对…感到腻味 be bored by...3.觉得…枯燥难懂 find...dull and difficult4.以…而出名have a reputation for...5.据说某人… sb.be said to be...6.拘谨刻板,落后于时代 formal, rigid and out-of-date7.随笔小品文an informal essay8.躺在沙发上lie on a sofa9.不得不面对… face up to...10.围坐在晚餐桌旁 be seated around the supper table 11.…重现在我脑海中...reawake in my mind 12.自得其乐for one’s own joy 13.违反规定 violate the rules 14.不及格分a failing grade 15.别无选择,只好做…There is no choice but to do...16.更重要的是,而且what’s more 17.专心地听listen attentively 18.乐呵呵地开怀大笑laugh with open-hearted enjoyment 19.心花怒放pure delight 20.最后的时刻 at the eleventh hourSentence Translation 1.The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn’t until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold.Paraphrasing: Ever since I was a child in Belleville, I had thought of becoming a writer from time to time, but I didn’t make up my mind until I was in the eleventh grade.从孩提时代,我还住在贝尔维尔时,我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作家的念头,但直等到我高中三年级,这一想法才有了实现的可能。
英语听力短篇带翻译storm暴风雨
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英语听力短篇带翻译storm暴风雨storm 暴风雨Rain water dripped down the window. Lightning flashed from the sky. There was no one outside. There was a storm coming. He had a plan for tonight. The plan was canceled because of the coming storm. Outside looked gloomy. The sidewalks were wet and looked gray. The trees swayed back and fourth. The wind was blowing hard. There were tree branches and leaves on the ground. He was safe inside his home. He turned on his television to watch the five o'clock news. The weather man came on. He warned everyone to stay inside. The storm was to last all through the night. It was cold inside his home. He turned on his heater. Thunder roared from outside. Suddenly, the light went out. There was no more electricity. He lit some candles and grabbed a flashlight. The storm was going on. He fell asleep on the couch. He woke up in the morning. The storm had ended.雨水从窗户上滑落下来,天空中划过一道闪电,外面一个人都没有,暴风雨即将来临。
大学英语视听说3听力原文翻译Unit 3
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Unit 3II. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptW: Chinese students are often too shy to say anything in class.M: I think they don’t speak because their culture values modesty,and they don’t want to be showing off. Goes back to Confucius.Q: Why don’t Chinese students say in class according to the man?C) They are modest.W:中国学生往往羞于说话在课上。
M:我想他们不说话是因为他们的文化价值观的谦虚,他们不想炫耀。
回归到孔子。
问:为什么没有中国学生在课堂上说话?C)他们是温和的。
2.ScriptW: The government is doing something at last about sex discrimination in the work place. Women deserve the same pay as men for the same work.M: Yeah. In the United States, women earn only 70 percent of what men get for the same job. It’s a situation that has to be changed.Q: What does the man say about the women?A) They earn less than men.W:政府现在在做的事情,工作场所的性别歧视。
女人的付出男人一样。
M:是的。
在美国,同样的工作妇女的工资只有男性的百分之70。
这一情况已经有所改变。
新标准大学英语 视听说教程 听力原文及翻译
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Unit 1Inside ViewConversation 1Janet: Hi, it’s me again, Janet Li. I’m still a student at the University of Oxford in England. But I’m not in Oxford right now. And I haven’t gone back home to China either. It’s the long vacation now, and believe it or not, it’s the middle of summer. I’m spending my summer in one of the world’s greatest cities. I’m in London, home to the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Tower Bridge…and the double-decker bus. I want to find out what it’s like to live in this busy, lively city. So I’m working for London Time Off, a website about what’s on in London. This is Joe…, he’s my boss, and this is Andy, who is a reporter. And what’s my job?Well, I don’t know yet, because it’s my first day. But I’m meant to be shadowing Andy, oh, what I mean is, I’m going to be helping him. So can you tell me something about London, Andy?Andy: It’s the greatest city in the world. .Joe: Except for New York!Andy: New York? Don’t make me laugh!Joe: And your point is…?Andy: Look, if you want my opinion, London is greater than New York…Joe: No, I don’t want your opinion, thank you very much. It’s a fact.Andy: A fact! Are you serious?\Janet: And here we are in London, probably the greatest city in the world.Andy: What? Probably? Excuse me, I prefer to deal with this myself…Joe: Ah, dream on, Andy………珍妮特:嗨,又是我,珍妮特.李。
大学英语视听说3听力原文翻译Unit 4
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Unit 4II. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptM: Amy, sit down, we need to talk. Your mother and I are going to separate.W: What? Are you crazy? You can’t do that! What will my friends say? I just want to have a normal family.Q: What does the girl say?C) She doesn’t want the family to break up.男:艾米,坐下来,我们需要谈谈。
你妈妈和我要分开。
女:什么?你疯了吗?你不能这样做!我的朋友们会怎么说?我只是想有一个正常的家庭。
问:这个女孩说什么?C)她不想家庭破裂。
2.ScriptM: Good evening, Mrs. Jones. The manager sends you these roses and his best wishes.Happy anniversary!W: Thank you. We like the room and the service here, and we especially appreciate the manager’s consideration.Q: What can we learn from the dialog?A)The manager sends flowers to celebrate the couple’s anniversary.男:晚上好,琼斯太太。
经理给你这些玫瑰和他的祝福。
结婚纪念日快乐!女:谢谢你。
我们喜欢的房间和服务在这里,我们特别感谢经理的思考。
问:从对话中我们可以学到什么?一)经理发送鲜花来庆祝他们的周年纪念日。
3. ScriptW: While I’m scrambling the eggs, could you put the flour into the bowl?M: You bet, darling. I’ll also turn the oven on so that it can preheat.Q: Where does this dialog take place?B) In a chicken.W:当我加鸡蛋的时候,你可以把面粉放进碗里吗?男:当然,亲爱的。
大一英语第一册翻译
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1.这个婴儿还不会爬(crawl),更不要说走了。
(let alone)The baby can't even crawl yet, let alone walk!2. 威尔声称谋杀案发生时他正在与一群朋友吃饭,但是我认为他在说谎。
(cl aim, in one's opinion)Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends when the murder happened, but in my opinion he told a lie.3. 一定程度上阅读速度与阅读技巧密切相关;有了阅读技巧,你就可以更好地应对课外阅读了。
(to a certain extent, relate …to …, cope with)To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better.4. 根据规则他俩都可以参加比赛。
(according to)According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game.5.有些人想当然地认为日语(Japanese)中的每一个词在汉语中都有对应的词语。
(assume, equivalent)Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word.6.我们已将所有的相关信息告知了警方。
(relevant)We have passed all relevant information on to the police.We have informed the police of all the relevant information.We have told the police all the relevant information.7 关于那件事你问我再多的问题也没用,因为我是不会回答你的。
大学英语视听说3听力原文翻译Unit 6
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后三篇是原百度翻译,并没有改过,脑子已炸,自己多担待吧。
Unit 6II. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptM: Did you pick up the paper for me today? I really want to check the job vacancies. W: I know, it‟s over there. There‟s not much happen though. I‟ve had a look already.Maybe you should look on the Net instead.Q: What is the man looking for?C) A job vacancy.男:你帮我拿了今天的报纸吗?我真的想要查看职位空缺。
W:我知道,就在那边。
没有太多,我已经看过了。
也许你应该在网上看看。
问:什么是这个男人所寻找的?2.ScriptM: You don‟t have enough experience or qualifications for this role. What makes you believe you could handle the position?W: I‟m a fast learner and enjoy learning on the job. My natural skills lie in this area, and I‟m confident that I could handle the challenge. Given a chance, I would prove myself.Q: What is the woman saying?D) She is quite to learn.男:你没有足够的经验或资历扮演这个角色。
什么使你相信你能把握好她?W:我学得很快并且喜欢在工作中学习。
新标准大学英语 视听说教程 听力原文及翻译
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Unit 1Inside ViewConversation 1Janet: Hi, it’s me again, Janet Li. I’m still a student at the University of Oxford in England. But I’m not in Oxford right now. And I haven’t gone back home to China either. It’s the long vacation now, and believe it or not, it’s the middle of summer. I’m spending my summer in one of the world’s greatest cities. I’m in London, home to the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Tower Bridge…and the double-decker bus. I want to find out what it’s like to live in this busy, lively city. So I’m working for London Time Off, a website about what’s on in London. This is Joe…, he’s my boss, and this is Andy, who is a reporter. And what’s my job?Well, I don’t know yet, because it’s my first day. But I’m meant to be shadowing Andy, oh, what I mean is, I’m going to be helping him. So can you tell me something about London, Andy?Andy: It’s the greatest city in the world. .Joe: Except for New York!Andy: New York? Don’t make me laugh!Joe: And your point is…?Andy: Look, if you want my opinion, London is greater than New York…Joe: No, I don’t want your opinion, thank you very much. It’s a fact.Andy: A fact! Are you serious?\Janet: And here we are in London, probably the greatest city in the world.Andy: What? Probably? Excuse me, I prefer to deal with this myself…Joe: Ah, dream on, Andy………珍妮特:嗨,又是我,珍妮特.李。
新标准大学英语视听说听力及翻译
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新标准大学英语视听说听力及翻译Listen ing in 1Passag e oneInterv iewer: Can you tell me…how do you thinkyouhave change d as you have mature d?What things havehad a majorinflue nce on you?Speake r 1 : Well, let me think…I suppos e goingtouniver sityhad a big impact on my life. It made me muchmore open-minded. I met so many differ ent typesofpeople therewith weirdand wonder ful ideasand itchange d the way I see the world.I’m much more tolera ntnow… It made me a more rounde d person.Interv iewer: Great, and had any partic ularperson had a centra l role in formin g your charac ter?Speake r 1: I guessthat’d have to be my grandf ather. I wasvery closeto him, and he taught me to standup for mybelief s. He was always tellin g me aboutthis…Interv iewer: So what people or events have had an impact on your life?Speake r 2: I thinkthat travel ing my gap year made megrow up and see both the beauty of the worldand,well…just the genero sityof ordina ry people. I travel ed alot around Asia and you know, I foundthat in some of the poores t countr ies, like Cambod ia and Laos, people sharewhatev er little they have, and they posses s a real joy for life. It’s probab ly made me a less selfis h person.Interv iewer: Intere sting…so you wouldrecomm end that youngpeople take a gap year to discov er themse lvesand the world?Speake r 2: Defini tely. It givesyou an opport unity to learnaboutthe worldbeyond the one you grew up in and I foundit really…Interv iewer: Couldyou tell me what things in your life have had the greate st influe nce in formin g your person ality?Speake r 3: Well…a couple of yearsago I was on a realit y TV show wherea groupof youngpeople all livedin a housetogeth er. Each week some one was votedoff by the audien ce. I got down to the finalthree! I suppos e beingon the show and seeing how the othercontes tants behave d made me realiz e how selfis h and spitef ul some people can be just to get what they want. I also realiz ed it’s best to just be yourse lf in life. If you preten d to be someon e differ ent people will eventu allysee throug h the lies.Interv iewer: Right…And how did you feel when you were eventu allyvotedoff?Speake r 3: Reliev ed, to be honest with you. But youknow, a slight regret that I didn’t win becaus e I kind of…Interv iewer: So you can tell me, what one thingdo youthinkthat has had the bigges t impact on your life?Speake r 4: Hmm, that’s a diffic ult questi on. But I thinkhelpin g victim s of the tsunam i in 2004 had a very greatimpact on me. I’m half Thai and I’d just arrive d inThaila nd for a family Christ mas holida y. When I heardthenews I knew I had to help-you couldn’t not.I endedupacting as an interp reter for a groupof volunt eer doctor s.It was an incred iblydiffic ult time but you know, even inthe middle of such a horrif ic traged y thereis stilla hugeamount of genuin e humankindne ss.Interv iewer: That’s amazin g! And has it change d the way you view your future…采访者你能不能告诉我…你认为在你渐渐成熟的过程中产生了怎样的变化呢?什么事情对你产生了主要的影响?发言人1 嗯,让我想想… 我认为上大学对我的生活产生了重大的影响。
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1适应校园生活——来自世界各地的访谈塔尼娅•扎茹茨卡娅莫斯科,俄罗斯去年的这个时候,我对新生活感到很紧张。
我没有朋友,也是第一次离开家。
一开始,我一天到晚都在忙功课:上课,并且学习到深夜。
可后来我意识到我错过了大学里许多其他活动。
一天,跟我住同一幢宿舍楼的一个女孩儿邀请全楼的人去参加一个晚宴。
我不知道她在哪儿买的那些吃的,也不清楚她怎么会有足够的钱。
而且她穿得像个模特儿。
我真不知道她干嘛还要费那劲儿上大学!现在我结识了许多有趣的人,既努力学习,也快乐地生活。
米古尔•方斯卡瓜达拉哈拉,墨西哥刚上大学的时候,我尽量把教授们在课堂上说的每一句话都记下来。
结果是我光忙着记笔记,都顾不上听讲了。
我现在学的是化学,现在学的东西似乎都比我们在中学里学的复杂。
不过我意识到,在大学里,你应该更多地去听、去思考。
现在,我已弄清新知识和过去所学知识之间的差别了。
弗兰辛•博内里昂,法国我刚来时,这所大学似乎很大,也很不友好。
一开始,我觉得很难适应缺乏指导的自由生活。
上中学的时候,我已经习惯了晚上做家庭作业。
如何使用每月的生活费也让我感到很头疼。
你得买食品、书、公交车票、衣服等东西,这和小时候在家花零花钱大不一样。
每学期的钱是一次性汇来的,所以一开始我总觉得手头相当宽裕。
然后我就大手大脚地花钱,搞到后来每天只能吃一个三明治!我现在认识到家长或老师不再有照顾我的责任了。
长这么大第一次,我该自己打理自己的生活了……可我却不知道该怎么办!2世界各地的街头小吃“快餐”这个词通常会让人想起汉堡包和薯条。
我们会想到送到现代市民手中的过度包装、却并不健康的饭菜。
而人们也只是把食物当作聊以充饥的东西,而不是可以享用的美食。
事实上,快餐并不是现代社会的产物。
到世界上任何一个地方旅游,你都会看到街头小贩的身影,听见他们卖各式各样的地方小吃的吆喝声。
这些小吃通常都是用几样当地的基本配料加工而成,现场制作,立等可取。
商业化的快餐制作采用工业化的加工程序,用现成的配料大量烹制,然后重新加热。
不管你到世界的哪个地方吃麦当劳,食物的味道都是一样的。
而街头小吃在多数地方都是现场烹制的。
你只需闻着香味,一边看一边等着小贩给你准备新鲜的小吃。
尽管在一些地方卫生条件差强人意,但因为食物一般是高温快速烹制的,吃起来基本安全。
从亚洲的面条摊到遍布中东地区的路边香炸豆丸(falafel) 摊,每个大陆都有传统的街头小吃。
在日本,乘坐新干线上下班的人在上车前会停下来买一盒便当。
在东南亚地区,推车沿街叫卖加香烤肉(satay) 的人不仅吸引当地人,也吸引旅游者。
在印度,随处可见一种叫做恰特(chaat)的用各种配料做成的香辣杂拌。
与商业化的快餐不同,街头小吃是在街上买的。
其浓郁的地方风味和极具地方特色的配料总是让旅游者感到新奇有趣。
3跨文化思考我们组织思想的方式会因为我们的文化不同而不同吗?如果是这样的话,我们该如何描述这些差异呢?不同的“文化思维模式”这一概念首先是由美国的应用语言学教授罗伯特•卡普兰在20 世纪60年代提出的。
他在加利福尼亚的一所大学任教,长期致力于研究那些母语不是英语的学生的写作风格。
他发现,由于学生的文化渊源不同,他们的写作风格也呈现出系统化的差异。
例如,(他认为)英语为母语的人写文章时都“直入主题”,而其他学生却不是这样。
母语为闪族语(比如阿拉伯语、希伯来语)的人总是先回指,然后再回到主题;而母语为东方语言(如中文)的人则倾向于迂回缓慢地切入主题,就好像他们在围绕着一个主题兜圈子似的;母语属罗曼语系(比如法语、西班牙语)的人总是偏离主题,他们的文章让(英语为母语的)读者读起来倍感吃力;而母语为斯拉夫语系(比如俄语)的人经常在他们的文章中加入与论证无关的内容。
卡普兰用以下这些简明的图形说明了不同的写作模式:这一观点招致了不少批评。
大家认为这种理论过于简单化,论据不足,而且偏袒英语(好像只有英语才能够“最有效地”展开论述似的)。
俄罗斯学生尤其不认同卡普兰对他们的看法。
不过,卡普兰的研究成果至少提醒了我们一点:要想熟练地掌握英语(或任何语言)写作的能力,仅仅掌握句子层面的结构是不够的——我们需要在更高层次的组织结构上下工夫,学会运用重复和比喻等修辞手法。
并且,我们可能大都认同这样一种观点,即来自不同文化背景的人会以各自不同的方式提出论点或者讲故事。
即使我们很难或是根本不可能阐明其差异,但仅仅是意识到这些差异的存在也有助于我们加深对彼此的理解和认同感。
4非言语表达误解并不仅限于言语。
由于肢体语言和手势在一种文化中表达一个意思,可在另一种文化中又表达另一个意思,这很容易造成困惑。
比如说,刚到中国的西方人看见有人盯着他们看,觉得很奇怪,因为这让他们觉得很尴尬、很难为情。
其实,中国人只是好奇而已。
与西方不同的是,在中国,观众为演讲者或演员鼓掌,演讲者或演员也随即鼓掌以感谢观众,这是很平常的事。
然而在英国,自己鼓掌就不太恰当,可能还显得不够谦虚。
在美国和英国,当你叫人“过来”时,你会用手指着这个人,手掌向上,食指来回移动。
可是,在中国,人们会认为这个手势很无礼。
在中国,如果你用手指着鼻尖儿,这表示“是我”,或者“我就是”,而美国人却觉得这个手势很滑稽、很可爱。
在世界上的其他地方,手势也有不同的含义。
在英国和法国,张开手来回挥动通常表示欢迎或是吸引他人注意。
可是在希腊,这个动作会被人当作是极大的侮辱。
在中东和东亚的大部分国家里,用食指指人是相当无礼的举动。
可在北欧,这个手势是完全可以接受的。
在欧洲的大部分国家,人们伸出两根手指表示胜利,但是手心一定要向外。
如果手心向内,在大多数国家就表示两个什么东西,比如,“请再来两杯啤酒。
”而在英国,做这个手势是对别人的侮辱。
在希腊和保加利亚,人们把头往后一扬,表示“不”,但在欧洲大部分国家,这个动作表示“是”。
在欧洲大部分国家和拉丁美洲,用手指在耳朵边儿划圈儿表示“他疯了!”可在荷兰,这表示“有电话找你”。
记住,不管到哪里,说话不但要讲究内容,还要注意方式!5爱情是生活的原动力时代在变化。
现在,人们即使彼此相隔千万里、文化背景不同,也可以通过网络约会,相识相爱。
在新千年里,世界越变越小,地方性的传统能有多少得以保留下来呢?我们决定对亚欧四国的年轻人展开调查,了解他们是如何寻觅爱情,如何最终找到心上人的。
我们发现,虽然互联网和信息技术改变了各地的生活方式,但许多地方的人仍然以传统的方式谈情说爱。
印度拥有世界上最美妙动人的爱情诗篇,也拥有世界上最著名的爱情纪念碑——皇帝沙贾汗为纪念其波斯爱妃而建的泰姬陵。
但是,在印度,95% 的婚姻仍然是由家庭安排的。
现在,很多年轻人用手机安排约会。
一些印度诗人担心,写情书的传统将日渐消亡。
为了引起人们对这个问题的关注,他们组织了一个情人节情书大赛。
另一个亚洲国家日本拥有不同的文化传统,依靠“媒人”来安排婚事。
家中如有待娶的儿子或待嫁的女儿,家长会与媒人接触,由媒人出面安排未来的新人相亲(Mi-Ai)。
古时候,相亲是一种礼节。
如果相亲后男方留下一把扇子,这表示男方对女方感兴趣,婚礼也就随后举行——女方没有决定权。
现在,相亲活动依然存在,但是,如果双方不投缘,就不会再见面了。
在欧洲,有些恋爱传统依然留存,尽管随着时间的推移发生了变化。
在威尔士,青年男子会给意中人一把自制的木勺。
每把木勺的柄端都刻着一样东西,比如,钟代表婚礼,心代表“我爱你”。
女方可以收下木勺,也可以把木勺还给男方,表示自己对对方不感兴趣。
现在,爱情木勺只是作为旅游纪念品出售。
不过,年轻人仍然可以给意中人寄上绘有爱情木勺的情人节卡片,表白自己的感情。
传统的恋爱方式并未全部过时。
几年前,在意大利有一部很叫座的电影,影片中一对年轻的情侣将一把锁锁在罗马的一座桥上,然后将钥匙扔到河中,以此承诺对彼此忠贞不渝。
这种做法很快流传到其他地方。
现在,许多桥上都挂着“爱锁”。
当罗马市长决定取掉这些锁时,他遭到了普遍的反对。
爱锁因此得以保留下来,继续向人们展示着爱情是生活的原动力。
传统的恋爱方式也是推动生活的力量。
6集市贸易传统上,欧洲的集市都开设在市镇或乡村的主广场上,也就是位于教堂和市镇厅旁的“集市广场”。
有些集市天天营业,而有些集市则一周只营业一到两次,而且通常只在早上营业,或者更确切地说,是从早上六七点钟到中午时分。
集市出售的大多是水果、蔬菜、肉和鱼,有些小摊也出售衣服和家居用品。
集市可以追溯到中世纪。
那时,人们穿着漂亮的衣服去购物,与朋友、邻居和乡亲见面。
因为没有制冷设备,他们每天至少得采购一次食品。
随着市镇的日渐扩大,货摊也向小街和小巷蔓延,或者集中在专门建造的集市建筑——“室内市场”之中。
现在的室内市场经营范围广泛,不仅有酒吧和饭店,还有很多固定的货摊和商店,可以说是应有尽有。
很多集市仍然开设在风格传统、装饰精美的大厅之中,有上百年的历史。
在大城市中尤其如此,如伦敦的科芬园,巴黎的雷阿尔商业中心和巴塞罗那的波克利亚市场。
在有些集市上,卖家允许你自己挑选水果和蔬菜,而在另外一些集市上,卖家可能要坚持替你挑选。
最好的方法便是入乡随俗。
也就是说,留意当地人的做法,看他们是不是自己挑选物品,将物品放入碗中或者篮子里,然后交给卖家。
在集市上,或者更准确地说,在销售食品、衣服或明码标价的集市上,讨价还价是很少见的。
唯一的例外是“跳蚤市场”,也就是二手货和古玩市场。
如果可以讨价还价,你需要先了解相同的物品在其他货摊上卖多少钱,然后让卖主先告诉你价格,你再还价,或者更确切地说,你给的价格可以大约是卖主出价的40%,这样就有望达成双方都满意的价格。
尽管人们认为圣诞节近年来已不再是宗教性节日,而已经变成商业性节日了。
但德国、瑞士和奥地利的圣诞集市却在 17 世纪就已经非常普遍,并如同现在一样为圣诞节增添了欢乐的气氛。
如今,圣诞集市从基督降临节,即十二月初开始,贯穿整个圣诞节,出售传统的手工制品,如蛋糕和饼干、锡制或木制的礼品以及圣诞树装饰品。
7夏令营凯瑟琳• 拜恩从小在美国长大,她11岁的时候第一次被送去参加了夏令营。
她说,“我不喜欢夏令营,那时我还太小。
”但是,在随后的8年中,每年的暑假,拜恩都是在夏令营中度过的。
她参加体育活动,围着篝火唱歌,学着融入集体。
虽然早期的经历并不愉快,但是“……14岁的时候,我就开始向往夏令营生活了,”她说。
现在夏令营变得越来越普遍了。
今年夏天,将成千上万的孩子参加夏令营。
夏令营的活动五花八门,有足球、戏剧,也有环境意识教育和马戏技巧等等。
但拜恩认为,夏令营并不一定适合每一个孩子。
远离父母、学习新技能有利于培养孩子的独立性和自信心,对于这一点,拜恩表示认同。
但是,她同时指出,夏令营可能对父母更有利。
她说:“夏令营在美国兴起的一个原因是暑期很长,而父母又得上班。
在英国,父母也出于同样的动机把孩子送到夏令营去。