one’s doing 和one doing的区别说课讲解
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o n e’s d o i n g和o n e d o i n g的区别
one’s doing 和one doing的区别
作者:来源:嘉兴英语网发布日期:2009-12-30 09:26:48
在高中英语课本中或综合练习题中,学生会发现经常有one’s doing或 one doing 这两种形式的出现。但不清楚这两种结构究尽有什么区别,怎么用。所以有必要给学生讲清楚两种结构的用法。英语中动词的-ing 形式总体分为两类:Ⅰ. 动名词,Ⅱ. 分词。
在考查学生对非谓语动的掌握情况时,不仅考查单一的动词-ing用法,还考查-ing短语的用法。如:
Ⅰ. 动名词
(起名词、代词作用,在句中做主语、宾语和表语的动词-ing形式是动名词。)
He didn’t seem to mind ______ TV while he was trying to study .
A. them to watch
B. that they watch
C. their watching
D. watching
答案是C。考查动名词复合结构的用法。这就出现了one’s doing的形式。
本句中,mind是及物动词,后面需跟宾语,而且mind是一个要求跟动名词不跟不定式的动词。这样,答案只能从C和D 中去选。如果选择D项,此句的意思就成了:“在他设法学习的时候,他似乎并不介意看电视。”那样,watching的逻辑主语就成了句中主语He 了。而选择C 项,watching有自己的逻辑主语,句子的意思为:“在他设法学习的时候,似乎并不介意他们在看电视。”所以答案是C 。由此句可以看出:起名词、代词作用,在句中做主语、宾语和表语的动词-ing形式是动名词。
当动名词之前有自己的逻辑主语时,要用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格形式。因为动词-ing 形式在此起名词的作用,修饰名词要用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格形式。这样的结构叫动名词的复合结构。如:
1. ______ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for .(1999.1)
A. The girl was educated
B. The girl educated
C. The girl’s being e ducated
D. The girl to be educated
答案应该选C 项。动名词的复合结构在句中做主语。句子的意思为:“那个女孩儿在简朴的生活氛围中接受教育是她的父母所希望的。”A 句子做主语没有连词不成立。B分词不能作主语。D独立主格,不做主语。
2. I don’t mind ______ the decision as long as it is not too late .(2000.1)
A. you to delay making
B. your delaying making
C. you delaying to make
D. you delay to make
答案是B。动名词的复合结构在句中做主语,delay后要求跟动名词。
3. Victor apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan .(2004上海春招)
A. his being not able to
B. him not to be able
C. his not being able
D. him to be not able
答案C .动名词的复合结构做介词for的宾语。
注:※动名词的复合结构在句中做及物动词、介词的宾语时,动名词的逻辑主语形容词性的物主代词可以改成人称代词的宾格形式;名词所有格可以省去“’s”或“s’”。如:
1. After I stayed in bed for two days, Mother suggested me going to see a doctor at once .
句中me going to see a doctor 等于my going to see a doctor 。
2. Do you mind him coming in ?
此句中的 him coming in和上句的情况相同。
还有高中课本中出现过的:
3.There are many reasons for animals dying out , but the most important one is….
本句中的animals dying out本应该是animal s’dying out 。因为是做介词的宾语,所以“s’”省掉了。又如:
4.In the street outside , I could hear the noises of desks being opened and closed and texts being read . 句中desks being opened and closed and texts being read 的情况和上一句相同。
又如:
The discovery of new evidence led to ______.(2003上海)
A. the thief having caught
B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught
D. the thief to be caught
句中led to,“to”是介词,后跟动名词。句意表被动,所以答案是C .
※动名词复合结构在句中做主语时(动名词的逻辑主语是名词),名词所有格的“’s”或“s’”也可以省去。如:
The road ______ caused us to be late for our work for half an hour .
A. blocked
B. was blocked
C. blocking
D. being blocked
答案D。The road being blocked 等于The road’s being blocked 在句中做主语。
※动名词复合结构在句中做主语时(动名词的逻辑主语是代词),不可把形容词性物主代词改为人称代词主格形式。如:
My standing here makes the girl feel nervous .不能说:
I standing here makes the girl feel nervous. (×)
Ⅱ. 分词
(起形容词、副词作用,在句中做表语、定语、补语和状语作用的动词-ing形式是分词(现在分词)。)
Standing on the mountain ,you can see the city clearly.
此句等于When / If you stand on the mountain , you can see the city clearly .
分词可以起副词的作用,在句中做状语。当状语从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致时,便可以用分词去改写从句。如上一句:Standing on the mountain ,you can see the city clearly.当现在分词做状语时,其逻辑主语必定是句中的主语,且分词的逻辑主语和分词之间的关系是主谓关系。又如:
He sent me an e-mail , ______ to get further information .