(word完整版)2019届高考英语阅读理解：科普类说明文--有解析

科教科普类

1、Australia leads the world in its number of resident poisonous spiders as well as the strength of their toxicity(毒性). However,of almost 9,800 species most are perfectly harmless and interesting.

Spider diversity is broad and many fascinating species occur here that range from the large to the tiny and hardly noticed, and from the dullest black to the strangely shaped.

Spiders can be roughly classified according to the strategies(策略) they use for feeding. Spiders which appeared earlier in the evolutionary scale feed by waiting in a cave for food to come along before grabbing it. Following them were spiders which actively wandered looking for food and which caught it by chasing it down. The evolution of flying insects makes spiders evolve ne w ways of catching food which couldn’t be chased and so the earliest air web weavers arose.

Most spiders feed on insects and other arthropods but the Whistling Spider feeds on frogs and small birds. The Golden Orb Spider also feeds on small birds.

A spider periodically sheds(蜕皮;脱落) its skin so that it can grow. Immature stages are called moults. Each species has a particular number of moults that it will go through before reaching its final adult stage.

Usually, once male spiders have mated, they die shortly after. But, even in death, Redback males often serve a purpose. The already pregnant Redback females always kill their lover and, in most cases, also eat them. This provides them with a small reproductive advantage.

Allowing spiders to take up places around houses can be beneficial in that they catch other annoying insects such as mosquitoes and flies.

Rest assured that while you might see some large spiders, and perhaps even some poisonous ones, a good rule is to look and admire but don't touch any spider you find. Even those without poison could still have a nasty bite.

1.Different families of spiders are identified themselves by ______.

A.their physical character

B.their ways of getting food

C.the strength of their toxicity

D.their effect on the environment

2.What are the latest spiders in their evolution process?

A.Spiders that chase down insects for food.

B.Spiders that wait for the insects to come along.

C.Spiders that can weave webs to catch flying insects.

D.Spiders that actively go out to look for insects as food.

3.If a spider stays on the wall of your house, you’d better ______.

A.kill it

B.feed it

C.let it be

D.chase it out

4.What is the passage mainly talking about?

A.A brief introduction of spiders.

B.The evolution process of spiders.

C.Living harmoniously with spiders.

D.The living and feeing habits of spiders.

2、Many people believe that you lose the ability to learn new languages as you get older. Language experts,however,will tell you that you’re never too old to learn a new language. As you get older, it can be more difficult to learn a new language,though.

Children and adults learn new languages in different ways. For children, language is their life. They study for thousands of hours every year. Because they need to learn language to became part of their communities.Adults,on the other hand,are already part of a language community. Learning a new language means becoming part of another language community,and adults rarely get the chance to practice as much as young children do.

Moreover.children leaning a new language are expected to make mistakes. This gives them freedom when learning to be daring and confident Adults,however,often feel pressured to be perfect when learning a new language.This can discourage many people and make it even harder to learn a new language.

When young children learn a new language,they come to see various languages as a “normal” part of society.This mindset(思维模式) helps them embrace learning a new language without feeling like they're doing something unusual or“too hard”.