SSCI期刊投稿与研究方法
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SSCI期刊投稿與研究方法
政大企管系 蔡維奇
彰化師大人管所 2006 年 12 月 29 日
1
Agenda
• The conceptual model and methodology for two of my published papers • Reviewers‟ comments to each paper and my reply to reviewer concerns - sample, research design, procedure, etc. • Lessons learned • Final thoughts
12
Comments and Reply - 3
Research Design - direction of causation • Given the absence of an experimental or quasiexperimental design, no causal inferences can be drawn. Customer reactions may have caused displayed emotion or vice versa... ~comments from JAP Editor~ • OK with JOM reviewers.
See Desrositers et al. (2002). Writing research articles: Update on the article review checklist. In S. G. Rogelberg (Ed.), Handbook of research methods in industrial and organizational psychology (p. 460). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
11
Comments and Reply - 2
Research Design • …several key variables that provide alternative
explanations for your results are omitted…For instance, clerks‟ emotional displays might covary with price or customer characteristics…and no attempt to eliminate these alternatives. ~comments from JAP Editor~
Willingness to Customers‟ return willingness to repeat their transactions Willingness to Customers‟ recommend willingness to recommend
8
Comments and Reply - 1
3
Paper Reviewed #1
• Tsai, W. C. (2001). Determinants and consequences of employee displayed positive emotions. Journal of Management, 27, 497-512. • JOB JOB(1st revision) JAP
10
Comments and Reply - 2
Research Design (JAP version) • …there is still a great deal of variance in
customer reactions which is not explained by the model in this study. Other potential predictors might be store atmosphere (e.g., music in the store, inside decoration), facilities (e.g., space for rest, space for leisure), and the sales clerk‟s behaviors other than displayed emotions (Yoo, Park, & MacInnis, 1998).
5
Methods
Participants
• 15Fra Baidu bibliotek retail shoe stores in Northern Taiwan - 290 sales clerks and 284 customers
Procedure
- 9 RAs were grouped into 3 teams Observation by 2 RAs Customer survey by 2RAs Salesperson survey by the remaining RA
JOM(1st revision)
JOM(2nd revision)
JOM(accepted)
4
Theoretical Model
Psychological climate for service friendliness
+
Employee displayed positive emotions
․Purchase decision
Sample - sample representativeness
• …If customers who had a negative experience with a clerk declined participation more frequently, could you have oversampled positive customer reactions…? • …Wouldn‟t customers and sales clerks in a worse mood be less likely to participate? I think this might only restrict the range of data in your sample…
13
Comments and Reply - 3
Research Design (JOM version)
• …because the data are cross-sectional, the direction of causality cannot be unambiguously determined. Nonetheless, some thoughts come to mind that may partially mitigate this concern… Because customers indicated their reactions toward the store AFTER they had encountered the employees‟ emotional displays, it is less plausible to argue that customer reaction is in fact a cause of employee displayed emotions. After all, causes have to be antecedent to their effects.
2
The role of Methodology
• „Quality of Methods and Analysis‟ has been viewed by journal editors as one of the most important characteristics for publishable journal articles (17 of 60 items).
9
Comments and Reply - 2
Research Design - control variable • You should also point out that there is a very
great deal of variance in customer reactions… not explained by your model. ~JOB Editor~
+ ․Willingness to return
․Willingness to recommend
Control variables - Sex variables - clerk experienced emotions
Control variables: - Sex & age variables - clerk professional ability
15
Comments and Reply - 5
Measures - construct validity
• I am not sure that your measure of „professional ability‟… I encourage you to establish some argument for its construct validity.
Displayed positive emotions
Six indicators rated by two
observers (alpha = 0.5; rwg*=.91): 1) greeting 2)thanking 3) smiling 4)eye contact 5) tone of 6)wait for a voice while
14
Comments and Reply - 4
Procedure • More description is needed of (a) how observers
were trained, and (b) the actual process of observing the transactions. Were employees aware of the presence of the observers, for example? ...
66
Methods
Measures
Construct Psycho climate for service friendliness Definition An employee‟s perception of the store‟s overall climate for service friendliness The extent to which sales clerks conveyed positive emotions Operation Six items rated by sales clerks (alpha = 0.85)
16
Comments and Reply - 5
Measures
• ... Alternatively, the sales clerk‟s professional ability could be rated by customers. However, this would lead to the problem of common method bias… • …I am unable to provide evidence…given the kind of data I have.
7
Methods
Measures (continued)
Construct Purchase decision Definition Did customers purchase? Operation One yes-or-no item answered by customers Three items answered by customers (alpha = .87) Three items answered by customers (alpha = .87)
政大企管系 蔡維奇
彰化師大人管所 2006 年 12 月 29 日
1
Agenda
• The conceptual model and methodology for two of my published papers • Reviewers‟ comments to each paper and my reply to reviewer concerns - sample, research design, procedure, etc. • Lessons learned • Final thoughts
12
Comments and Reply - 3
Research Design - direction of causation • Given the absence of an experimental or quasiexperimental design, no causal inferences can be drawn. Customer reactions may have caused displayed emotion or vice versa... ~comments from JAP Editor~ • OK with JOM reviewers.
See Desrositers et al. (2002). Writing research articles: Update on the article review checklist. In S. G. Rogelberg (Ed.), Handbook of research methods in industrial and organizational psychology (p. 460). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
11
Comments and Reply - 2
Research Design • …several key variables that provide alternative
explanations for your results are omitted…For instance, clerks‟ emotional displays might covary with price or customer characteristics…and no attempt to eliminate these alternatives. ~comments from JAP Editor~
Willingness to Customers‟ return willingness to repeat their transactions Willingness to Customers‟ recommend willingness to recommend
8
Comments and Reply - 1
3
Paper Reviewed #1
• Tsai, W. C. (2001). Determinants and consequences of employee displayed positive emotions. Journal of Management, 27, 497-512. • JOB JOB(1st revision) JAP
10
Comments and Reply - 2
Research Design (JAP version) • …there is still a great deal of variance in
customer reactions which is not explained by the model in this study. Other potential predictors might be store atmosphere (e.g., music in the store, inside decoration), facilities (e.g., space for rest, space for leisure), and the sales clerk‟s behaviors other than displayed emotions (Yoo, Park, & MacInnis, 1998).
5
Methods
Participants
• 15Fra Baidu bibliotek retail shoe stores in Northern Taiwan - 290 sales clerks and 284 customers
Procedure
- 9 RAs were grouped into 3 teams Observation by 2 RAs Customer survey by 2RAs Salesperson survey by the remaining RA
JOM(1st revision)
JOM(2nd revision)
JOM(accepted)
4
Theoretical Model
Psychological climate for service friendliness
+
Employee displayed positive emotions
․Purchase decision
Sample - sample representativeness
• …If customers who had a negative experience with a clerk declined participation more frequently, could you have oversampled positive customer reactions…? • …Wouldn‟t customers and sales clerks in a worse mood be less likely to participate? I think this might only restrict the range of data in your sample…
13
Comments and Reply - 3
Research Design (JOM version)
• …because the data are cross-sectional, the direction of causality cannot be unambiguously determined. Nonetheless, some thoughts come to mind that may partially mitigate this concern… Because customers indicated their reactions toward the store AFTER they had encountered the employees‟ emotional displays, it is less plausible to argue that customer reaction is in fact a cause of employee displayed emotions. After all, causes have to be antecedent to their effects.
2
The role of Methodology
• „Quality of Methods and Analysis‟ has been viewed by journal editors as one of the most important characteristics for publishable journal articles (17 of 60 items).
9
Comments and Reply - 2
Research Design - control variable • You should also point out that there is a very
great deal of variance in customer reactions… not explained by your model. ~JOB Editor~
+ ․Willingness to return
․Willingness to recommend
Control variables - Sex variables - clerk experienced emotions
Control variables: - Sex & age variables - clerk professional ability
15
Comments and Reply - 5
Measures - construct validity
• I am not sure that your measure of „professional ability‟… I encourage you to establish some argument for its construct validity.
Displayed positive emotions
Six indicators rated by two
observers (alpha = 0.5; rwg*=.91): 1) greeting 2)thanking 3) smiling 4)eye contact 5) tone of 6)wait for a voice while
14
Comments and Reply - 4
Procedure • More description is needed of (a) how observers
were trained, and (b) the actual process of observing the transactions. Were employees aware of the presence of the observers, for example? ...
66
Methods
Measures
Construct Psycho climate for service friendliness Definition An employee‟s perception of the store‟s overall climate for service friendliness The extent to which sales clerks conveyed positive emotions Operation Six items rated by sales clerks (alpha = 0.85)
16
Comments and Reply - 5
Measures
• ... Alternatively, the sales clerk‟s professional ability could be rated by customers. However, this would lead to the problem of common method bias… • …I am unable to provide evidence…given the kind of data I have.
7
Methods
Measures (continued)
Construct Purchase decision Definition Did customers purchase? Operation One yes-or-no item answered by customers Three items answered by customers (alpha = .87) Three items answered by customers (alpha = .87)