分数的表示教学资料
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分数的表示
一、用“基数词+序数词”表示
分数在英语中通常是借助于基数词和序数词来共同表达的。
其中基数词表示分子,序数词表示分母。
如:
1.The centimeter is one-tenth of the decimeter or one-hundredth of the meter.厘米是分米的十分之一,或者说是米的百分之一。
2.However,the number of boys will bea third or less than the girls in the class.但是,班里男生的人数将比女生少三分之一或更少。
从以上例子可以看出:分子除用one外,也可用a;如果分子大于1,分母要用复数形式。
但是,1/2不能说a(one)second,而要说a(one)half。
例如:
3.The sum of one half,one third and one fourth of a certain number is 13.某数的1/2,1/3和1/4的和是13。
1/4和3/4可以说a(one)fourth和three fourths,但常用a quarter和three quarters表示。
应该注意的是,分数修饰名词时,若该名词是不可数名词只能用单数;若是可数名词,用单数或复数均可。
但是,若它们在句子中作主语,则谓语动词是用单数还是复数取决于名词,即与分数所修饰的名词保持一致。
例如:
4.Only one-fifth of air consists of oxygen.氧气只占空气的1/5。
5.About two thirds of the students attendthe meeting.大约2/3的学生都参加了会议。
带分数也是常见的英语数词表达。
所谓带分数,实际上是“整数+分数”,表达时分而述之,只是整数部分与分数部分要用连词 and连接。
当带分数修饰名词时,该名词通常是复数,但若名词置于整数one或a 之后,则用单数。
“带分数+名词”作主语时,谓语动词根据临近原则要用复数。
例如:
6.You should finish the work within one and a fourth hours.你应在1.25小时内完成工作。
7.The atom breaks up in a minute and a quarter.原子在1.25分钟内裂变。
二、用per cent等表示
表示百分之一可以说one(a)hundredth,但更常用one percent或per cent,即用百分数表示法来表达。
例如:
8.Our bodies are 65percent water.我们人体含65%水分。
9.Seventy-five percent of the earth'ssur- face is covered by water.地球表面的75%被水覆盖着。
10.Eighty-five percent of the students in English department are girls.英语系85%的学生是女生。
三、用part表示
名词part有“……分之一”的意思,分子大于1时,part用复数。
表示分数的结构一般有以下三种:
(1)“基数词(或a)+序数词+part(s)” a hundred part百分之一
(2)“基数词+part(s)+in+基数词” five parts in one thousand千分之五
(3)“基数词+part(s)+per+基数词” one part per million百万分之一
四、用“基数词+介词+基数词”表示
借助介词表示分数,介词前的数词是分子,介词后的数词是分母。
例如:
11.Ninety-nine people out of a hundred,if they were asked who first found America, would answer Clumbus.如果要问是谁首先发现美洲,一百个人中有九十九个(百分之九十九)将回答是哥伦布。
这种结构中的介词主要有in,out of,of以及to
12.The map is drawn to a scale of one of ten thousand.这张地图是按万分之一的比例绘制的。
1. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here ______.
A. early
B. earlier
C. earliest
D. the earliest
【解析】答案选B。
做此题的关键词是new,即把“新来的学生”与“早些时候呆在这儿的学生”进行比较。
全句意为:新来的这群学生比早些时候呆在这儿的那些学生表现得更好些。
2. —Do you need any help, Lucy?
—Yes, the job is ______ I could do myself.
A. less than
B. more than
C. no more than
D. not more than
【解析】答案选B。
做此题要抓的关键词是yes,由于答话者对问话者的“你需要帮助吗?”作了肯定回答,说明答话者独自完成工作有困难,故填more than。
3. Of the two c oats, I’d choose the ______ one to spare some money for a book.
A. cheapest
B. cheaper
C. more expensive
D. most expensive
【解析】答案选B。
关键词是句中的two,因是两者比较,故用比较级,可将答案锁定在B和C之间;再根据句意,排除C。
通过分析的隐含意思答题
1. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog. ” But there is ______ wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.”
A. some
B. much
C. more
D. most
【解析】答案选C。
这道题出得非常巧妙,句中既没有显示比较级的关键词,也没有暗示用比较级的than。
而是将“Love me, love my dog”与“Love me, love my book”两句进行比较,要求考生根据这两句话的内容确定哪句话更有wisdom。
2. With April 18’s railway sp eedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with ______ service for passengers.
A. good
B. better
C. best
D. the best
【解析】答案选B。
句子大意为:由于铁路提速了,所以高速公路和航空业要提高服务质量来竞争客源。
因将“高速公路和航空”与“铁路”比较,故用比较级。
3. The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted ______ if it had been put in the fridge for
a little while.
A. good
B. better
C. best
D. well
【解析】B。
题目中将“放入冰箱中冷冻”与“不放入冰箱中冷冻”作比较,故用比较级。
句意为:史密斯家人晚餐时上的甜瓜若能放入冰箱中冷冻一下味道会更好些。
4. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his ______ one.
A. better-known
B. well-known
C. best-known
D. most-known
【解析】C。
因为是从他所写的所有歌中选出一首来比较,故用最高级。
根据相关的修饰关系答题
1. After two years’ research, we now have a ______ better understanding of the disease.
A. very
B. far
C. fairly
D. quite
【解析】B。
这四个副词中,通常只有far可用于修饰比较。
注:quite有时也可用于修饰比较better,但它只用于表示“身体康复”,不用于其他意义。
2. Work gets done ______ when people do it together, and the rewards are higher too.
A. easily
B. very easy
C. more easily
D. easier
【解析】C。
根据题意可知,说话者是将 when people do it together 和 w hen people don’t do it together 这两种情况比较,故选比较级。
注意不要选 D,因为在此题是要用副词修饰动词,不能用形容词。
另外,根据句末的 higher too 也可知道此题是考查比较级。
编辑本段
重要考点
比较级与最高级的应用
一、考查比较等级的基本用法
1. Of the two sisters, Betty is _________ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. (安徽卷)
A. a younger
B. a youngest
C. the younger
D. the youngest
【解析】答案选C。
根据句中的of the two sisters可知,此题涉及的是两者比较,故用比较级;另外,由于是特指两者中的一个,故其前用定冠词,不用不定冠词。
2. Of the two coats, I’d choose the _________ one to spare some money for a book. (四川卷)
A. cheapest
B. cheaper
C. more expensive
D. most expensive
【解析】答案选B。
因是两者比较,故用比较级,可将答案锁定在B和C之间;再根据句意,排除C。
3. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _________ one. (全国卷II)
A. better-known
B. well-known
C. best-known
D. most-known
【解析】答案选C。
因为是从他所写的所有歌中选出一首来比较,故用最高级。
二、在语境中考查比较等级的用法
1. I don’t think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen _________. (江西卷)
A. better
B. worse
C. the best
D. the worst
【解析】答案选B。
既然前文说“这不是最最烦人的电影”,那么下文说的肯定就“还有更糟的”,故用worse。
有意思的是,2006年的这道江西卷的考题与下面这道2004年的湖南卷极为相似:
That doesn’t sound very frightening. Paul, I’ve seen _________. What did you like most about the film? (湖南卷)
A. better
B. worse
C. best
D. worst
由前句“这听起来并不十分令人恐惧”可知,说话人曾见过比这个更令人恐惧的事,所以用比较级worse。
2. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _________. (北京卷)
A. early
B. earlier
C. earliest
D. the earliest
【解析】答案选B。
做此题的关键词是new,即把“新来的学生”与“早些时候呆在这儿的学生”进行比较。
全句意为:新来的这群学生比早些时候呆在这儿的那些学生表现得更好些。
3. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog. ” But there is _________ wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” (湖南卷)
A. some
B. much
C. more
D. most
【解析】答案选C。
由于是将“Love me, love my dog”与“Love me, love my book”进行比较,故用比较级。
此题的巧妙之处在于句中没有出现than,而是给出两个待比较的proverb。
4. With April 18’s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with _________ service for passengers. (江苏卷)
A. good
B. better
C. best
D. the best
【解析】答案选B。
句子大意为:由于铁路提速了,所以公路和航空业要提高服务质量来竞争客源。
因将“公路和航空”与“铁路”比较,故用比较级。
三、考查“否定词+a+比较级”结构
1. Your story is perfect. I’ve never heard _________ before. (全国卷III)
A. the better one
B. the best one
C. a better one
D. a good one
【解析】答案选C。
“否定词(尤其是never)+a+比较级”的意思是“从来没有……一个更……的”,这类结构通常可视为在其后省略了一个than…短语,做题时要注意根据具体的语境作出正确的理解,如:I have never read a better article. 我从未读过(比这篇文章)更好的文章(=这是我所读过的最好的文章)。
I have never seen a worse film. 我从没看过(比这部电影)更糟的电影(=这是我所看过的最糟的电影)。
本题中的I’ve never heard a better one before的意思是“我从未听到过(比你这个事故)更好听的事故”。
2. —Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
—Yes. I’ve never been to _________ one before. (四川卷)
A. a more excited
B. the most excited
C. a more exciting
D. the most exciting
【解析】答案选C。
I’ve never been to a more exciting one before实为I’ve never been to a more exciting one before than this one. 其意为“我从未参加过比这个晚会更令人兴奋的晚会”,即“这是我参加过最令人兴奋的晚会”。
又如:I’ve never had a worse morning t han today. 我哪一天早上也不像今天早上这样倒霉。
若意思明确,有时可省略than结构:He is fine, never better. 他很好,比以往任何时候都好。
注意:有时根据不同语法结构的需要,也可能没有不定冠词。
如:
No news could be more delightful to me. 这消息最令我高兴。
I have never drunk better beer. 我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。
四、考查比较等级的修饰语
After two years’ re search, we now have a _________ better understanding of the disease. (全国卷II) A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite
【解析】答案选B。
这四个副词中,通常只有far可用于修饰比较级。
注:quite有时也可用于修饰比较级better,但它只用于表示“身体康复”,不用于其他意义。
五、考查相似比较级结构的区别
—Do you need any help, Lucy?
—Yes. The job is _________ I could do myself. (福建卷)
A. less than
B. more than
C. no more than
D. not more than
【解析】答案选B。
比较:less than意为“少于”;more than意为“多于,超过”;no more than意为“只有,只是”;not more than意为“不多于,至多”。
做好此题的关键是注意句中的Yes,由于答话者对问话者的“你需要帮助吗?”作了肯定回答,说明答话者独自完成工作有困难,故填more than。
六、考查近义比较的区别
This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _________ water and electricity than _________ models. (北京卷)
A. less; older
B. less; elder
C. fewer; older
D. fewer; elder
【解析】答案选A。
less为little的比较级,主要用于修饰不可数名词,fewer为few的比较,主要用于修饰可数名词,据此可排除C和D,因为fewer不能用于修饰water;older与elder的区别之一是前者既可用于修饰人,也可用于修饰事物,而后者只用于修饰人,不用于修饰事物,故只能选A。
七、考查as…as结构的用法及修饰语的位置
1. It is reported that the United States uses _________ energy as the whole of Europe. (广西卷)
A. as twice
B. twice much
C. twice much as
D. twice as much
【解析】答案选D。
由energy后的as可知,此题是考查as…as…结构。
根据英语语法习惯,修饰as…as…结构的副词只能置于as…as…结构之前,不能置于其中。
又如:She went out with a man twice
as old as her. 她和一个年龄比她大一倍的男子来往。
It cost three times as much as I had expected. 它花的钱比我预期的多两倍。
2. He speaks English indeed, but of course not _________a native speaker. (上海卷)
A. as fluent as
B. more fluent than
C. so fluently as
D. much fluently than
【解析】答案选C。
因为修饰动词speaks要用副词,排除A和B;又因为than只能用于比较级后而不能位于原级后,排除D。
句意是:他的英语讲得的确不错,不过,当然不如英语本族人讲得流利。
练习
1、The Changjiang River is the_____(long)river in China.
2、Sue is a little_____(beautiful) than her sister
3、My room is not as_____(big)as my brother's
4、--How difficult is physics?
--I'm not sure
--Is it____(difficult)than maths?
--I don't think so
5、--Annie plays the piano very______(well).Sue plays it _____(well)than Annie. And Sally plays it
the_____(well).
6、Saturday is my______(busy)day in a week.
7、Her mother is getting _________(fat)and _______(fat).
8、I think it's too expensive. I'd like a_______(cheap)one.
9、He comes to school much _______(early) than I.
10、This book is not as_______(interesting)as that one.
11、Your classroom is _______(wide)and________(bright)than ours.
12、Practise as ______(much) as you can.
13、The ______(much),the_______(good).
14、Nowadays English is _________(important)than any other subject,i think.
15、Most of the students think a lion is much_________(dangerous) than a bear and it is
the__________(dangerous)animal in the world.
16、An orange is a little ______(big)than an apple,but much______(small) than a watermelon.
1.longest
2.more beautiful
3.big
4.more difficult
5.well,better,best
6.busiest
7.fatter,fatter
8.cheaper 9.earlier
10.interesting
11.wider,brighter
12.much
13.more,better
14.more important
15.dangerous,most dangerous
16.bigger,smaller。