中国文化_夏商周历史(英文)

Yellow Emperor
Huang Di or the Yellow Emperor, is a legendary Chinese sovereign and cultural hero presented in Chinese mythology. He is said to be the ancestor of all Huaxia Chinese. According to many sources he was one of the legendary Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors. Tradition holds that he reigned from 2697–2597 BCE or 2696–2598 BCE. He is regarded as the founder of Chinese civilization.
Xia Dynasty (ca. 2100-ca. 1600 BC)
The Xia Dynasty of China (from ca. 2100 BC to 1600 BC) is the first dynasty to be described in ancient historical records
the Chinese worshipBiblioteka Baidued many different gods - weather gods and sky gods - and also a supreme god, named Shangdi, who ruled over the other gods. Around 1500 BC, the Chinese began to use written oracle bones to predict the future. Shang Dynasty moved its capital six times. The final (and most important) move to Yin in 1350 BC led to the dynasty's golden age. The skills of making bronze work was developing
The Zhou Dynasty was the longest-lasting dynasty in Chinese history, from 1066 BC to approximately 256 BC. The ruler of the Zhou, King Wu, with the assistance of his brother, the Duke of Zhou, as regent, managed to defeat the Shang at the Battle of Muye. The king of Zhou at this time invoked the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to legitimize his rule.
Western Zhou
King Wu founded the system of enfeoffment (of the Western Zhou Dynasty, c. 11 th. century-771 B.C., investing the nobility with hereditary titles, territories and slaves); enfeoffment system; feudal system of land-holding. Founded the feudal and patriarchal clan system. Founded the etiquette and politeness system.
A Brief Introduction to the History of China
The Yan Emperor
The Yan Emperor, or Yandi, (Chinese: 炎帝; pinyin: Yán dì; literally: "Flame Emperor") allegedly lived in China about 4,000 years ago. According to a folk tale, Shennong was the first Chinese tribe. The Yan Emperor was a descendant of Shennong. Or, more likely, the term Flame Emperor was a title, held by dynastic succession, with Shennong, at least posthumously, being known as Yandi.
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The historian Sima Qian (145-90 BC), who wrote the Shiji or Records of the Grand Historian, and the so-called Bamboo Annals date the founding of the Xia Dynasty to 4,200 years ago . According to mythology, the dynasty ended around 1600 BC as a consequence of the Battle of Mingtiao.
Yu the Great
Yu the Great (大禹 Dà-Yǔ), was the legendary founder of the Xia Dynasty that began in 2205 BCE. He is best remembered for teaching the people techniques to tame rivers and lakes during an epic flood. The Xia era would also go down as the first dynasty in what would later become China with his son Qi following after his reign. Yu is one of the few Chinese ruler posthumously honored with the appellation "the Great".
Shang Dynasty (ca. 1700-1046 BC)
Shang Dynasty was divided into two sets: 1. The first set, f rom the earlier Shang period comes from sources at Erligang, Zhengzhou and Shangcheng. 2. The second set, from the later Shang or Yin (殷) period, 殷 consists of a large body of oracle bone writings. The Shang Dynasty featured 31 kings, from Tang of Shang to King Zhou of Shang.
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Zhou Dynasty (1066-256 BC)
--Western Zhou (1066-771 BC) Eastern Zhou (770-256 BC):Spring and Autumn Period (722476 BC), Warring States Period (476-221 BC)