2018年11月大学英语四级口语考试真题Help others 附文都版参考答案
2018四级考试和答案
2018四级考试和答案2018年大学英语四级考试真题及答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic "The Importance of Reading Classics". You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【范文】The Importance of Reading ClassicsReading classics is of great significance to us. Firstly, it allows us to gain knowledge and wisdom from the past. Classics are the crystallization of human wisdom, and they provide us with a wealth of knowledge and experience. By reading classics, we can learn from the past and avoid repeating the same mistakes.Secondly, reading classics helps us to improve our language skills. Classics are often written in a beautiful and eloquent language, whichcan help us to enhance our language proficiency and express ourselves more effectively.Lastly, reading classics can cultivate our character and temperament. Many classics contain profound thoughts and ideas, which can inspire us to think deeply and become better individuals.In conclusion, reading classics is of great importance to us. It not only enriches our knowledge and wisdom but also helps us to improve our language skills and cultivate our character.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once, and they will not appear in your test paper. Answer the questions on the basis of what you hear.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. What is the news report mainly about?A) A new species of dinosaurs.B) A newly discovered dinosaur fossil.C) A new theory about dinosaur extinction.D) A new discovery about dinosaur habits.2. What did the scientists discover from the fossil?A) The dinosaur's age.B) The dinosaur's cause of death.C) The dinosaur's living environment.D) The dinosaur's diet.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. What is the main topic of the news report?A) A new policy on immigration.B) A new law on environmental protection.C) A new regulation on wildlife trade.D) A new initiative on public health.4. What was the immediate effect of the policy?A) A decrease in illegal wildlife trade.B) An increase in wildlife protection efforts.C) A rise in public awareness of wildlife issues.D) A drop in the number of endangered species.Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. What is the news report mainly about?A) A new technology for solar energy.B) A new method for energy conservation.C) A new discovery in renewable energy.D) A new approach to energy production.6. What is the advantage of the new technology?A) It is cost-effective.B) It is environmentally friendly.C) It is highly efficient.D) It is widely applicable.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once, and they will not appear in your test paper. Answer the questions on the basis of what you hear.Conversation One7. What is the man's problem?A) He can't find his appointment.B) He can't make an appointment.C) He can't cancel his appointment.D) He can't change his appointment.8. What does the woman suggest the man do?A) Call the doctor's office.B) Wait for the next available appointment.C) Visit the doctor's office in person.D) Reschedule his appointment online.9. What is the man's concern?A) He might miss his appointment.B) He might have to pay a fee.C) He might not be able to see the doctor.D) He might have to wait a long time.10. What will the woman do for the man?A) She will call the doctor's office.B) She will find another doctor for him.C) She will help him make a new appointment.D) She will check if there is a cancellation. Conversation Two11. What is the woman's opinion about the new policy?A) It is too strict.B) It is too lenient.C) It is fair.D) It is unnecessary.12. What does the man think about the new policy?A) It is effective.B) It is too harsh.C) It is reasonable.D) It is too lenient.13. What is the woman's concern about the new policy?A) It might lead to more cheating.B) It might cause more stress.C) It might lead to more complaints.D) It might cause more confusion.14. What does the man suggest the woman do?A) Talk to the professor.B) Ignore the new policy.C) Voice her concerns.D) Follow the new policy.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once, and they will not appear in your test paper. Answer the questions on the basis of what you hear.Passage One15. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of exercise.B) The importance of a healthy diet.C) The effects of stress on health.D) The role of sleep in health.16. What does the passage suggest about sleep?A) It is more important than diet and exercise.B) It can help reduce stress and improve health.C) It is often overlooked as a health factor.D) It is not as important as diet and exercise.17. What is the relationship between sleep and stress?A) Lack of sleep can cause stress.B) Stress can lead to lack of sleep.C) Sleep and stress have no connection.D) Sleep can help reduce stress.Passage Two18. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The impact of technology on education.B) The role of technology in the workplace.C) The influence of technology on communication.D) The effects of technology on society.19. What does the passage suggest about technology?A) It has both positive and negative effects.B) It has completely changed the world.C) It has made life easier and more convenient.D) It has made life more complex and challenging.20. What is the author's opinion about technology?A) It is a double-edged sword.B) It is a necessary evil.C) It is a force for good.D) It is a threat to society.Passage Three21. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The importance of goal setting.B) The role of motivation in success.C) The process of achieving success.D) The factors that contribute to success.22. What does the passage suggest about success?A) It requires hard work and determination.B) It is a result of luck and chance.C) It is a matter of personal perspective.D) It is a result of external factors.23. What is the relationship between goal setting and success?A) Goal setting is essential for success.B) Success is not dependent on goal setting.C) Goal setting can hinder success.D) Success is unrelated to goal setting.24. What is the author's opinion about motivation?A) It is the key to success.B) It is not important for success.C) It is more important than goal setting.D) It is less important than goal setting.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the correct word.PassageThe world is full of people who are (25) _______ to achieve great things but never do. They have plenty of (26) _______ and ability, but they are (27) _______ by their lack of ambition. They are (28) _______ to settle for mediocrity. They are (29) _______ to be content with the status quo. They are (30) _______ to take risks. They are (31) _______ to make sacrifices. They are (32) _______ to put in the hard work required to achieve success.The (33) _______ is that success is not easy. It requires (34)_______ and effort. It requires (35) _______ and determination. But itis (36) _______ that success is possible. With the right mindset and the willingness to (37) _______, anyone can achieve great things.25. A) capable B) willing C) eager D) ready26. A) dreams B) goals C) plans D) ideas27. A) limited B) held C) trapped D) confined28. A) content B) willing C) eager D) ready29. A) happy B) willing C) eager D) ready30. A) afraid B) reluctant C) scared D) hesitant31. A) afraid B) reluctant C) scared D) hesitant32. A) unable B) unwilling C) incapable D) unfit33. A) truth B) fact C) reality D) situation34. A) time B) money C) energy D) resources35. A) focus B) discipline C) organization D) structure36. A) certain B) possible C) likely D) probable37. A) try B) work C) strive D) fightSection BDirections: In this section, you will read three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information provided in the passage.Passage One38. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of self-confidence.B) The role of self-confidence in success.C) The relationship between self-confidence and success.D) The impact of self-confidence on personal growth.39. According to the passage, what is the first step to building self-confidence?A) Setting realistic goals.B) Taking action towards your goals.C) Believing in your abilities.D) Seeking feedback from others.40. What is the relationship between self-confidence and success?A) Self-confidence is a result of success.B) Success is a result of self-confidence.C) Self-confidence and success are unrelated.D) Self-confidence and success are interdependent.Passage Two41. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of exercise.B) The importance of a healthy diet.C) The effects of stress on health.D) The role of sleep in health.42. What does the passage suggest about sleep?A) It is more important than diet and exercise.B) It can help reduce stress and improve health.C) It is often overlooked as a health factor.D) It is not as important as diet and exercise.43. What is the relationship between sleep and stress?A) Lack of sleep can cause stress.B) Stress can lead to lack of sleep.C) Sleep and stress have no connection.D) Sleep can help reduce stress.Passage Three44. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of goal setting.B) The role of motivation in success.C) The process of achieving success.D) The factors that contribute to success.45. What does the passage suggest about success?A) It requires hard work and determination.B) It is a result of luck and chance.C) It is a matter of personal perspective.D) It is a result of external factors.46. What is the relationship between goal setting and success?A) Goal setting is essential for success.B) Success is not dependent on goal setting.C) Goal setting can hinder success.D) Success is unrelated to goal setting.47. What is the author's opinion about motivation?A) It is the key to success.B) It is not important for success.C) It is more important than goal setting.D) It is less important than goal setting.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese to English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.随着科技的发展，移动支付在中国变得越来越流行。
2018英语专四真题与参考答案解析
2018 英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are fouroptions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence oranswers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt ’s first attempt to builda smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to havebeen B. was believed to beC. is believed to havebeen D. is believed tobe12.U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popularresource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. ismaintaining C.maintainedD. has been maintaining13.H e was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A.actuallyB.accidentallyC.otherwiseD.seldom14.She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a viewof_____________ mountains behind the appleorchard. A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blueVirginia C.Virginia hazyblue D. Virginiablue hazy15.I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.B.evilC.evilsD.an evil16.Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, askilling and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are ofwar17.At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its mostbasic B. itsbasicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn ”is used __________. A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. W hich of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry themetaphorical meaning? A. I wonder what ’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I ’m getting terribly behind .D. I suppose I ’m lucky because my parents werebehind meall the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______. A. a hypothesis B. a suggestion C. a contradiction D. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A.justiceB.testimonyC.trialD.verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, hehas beenstrongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A.QuestionablyB.ArguablyC.ContentiouslyD.Debatably23.P rices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost ofraw materials. A. cutB. buoyC.offer D.offset24.T he celebrity says in court papers she“has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce. ”A.recommendationB.recordingC.recollectionD.recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfieoverall—is rooted in whatwe consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26.The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sportingstars thanks to its unique development program.A.final B.furtherC.supplementaryD. extra27.The teachers ’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling forrepairing“deplorable ”school conditions.A.firedB.filedC.finedD.filledst March the __________ of a 19 th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB.ruinsC.remainsD.wreck29.S he ’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres. A. countlessB.countableC.numericalD. numeral30.A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has releasedits analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A.oceangoing B.oceanic C.marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A. accompaniesB. automaticallyF. kindG. mannerK. renowned L. subscribeC. coupleH.mercifullyM. unknownD.goesI. oneN.virtueE. indebtednessJ. obeyO. widespreadA Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sentChristmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected somereaction, the response he received was amazing —holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. Thegreat majority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of theunknown professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows the action of one of the mostpowerful of the weapons of influence around us —the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in kind, what another person has providedus. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her one in return; if a man sends usa birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if acouple invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. Byvirtueof the reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment offavors, gifts,invitations,and the like. Sotypicalisit for indebtedness toaccompany the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged ”has becomea synonym for “thank you, ”not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation that goes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so widespread that after intensive study, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society that does not subscribe to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your a nswers onANSWERSHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent toestablish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in Europeansocieties. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kingsand governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historicdecisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect onthe shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and thechurches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom wheretheemphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of allthe American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of allindividuals tocontrol their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a rulingnoble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2)There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet,achieving both financialand emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3)A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race andsucceed inthe game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class systemdeveloped in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrantshavetraditionallycome to the United State s is tohave a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United Statesappeared tobe a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches ”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve materialsuccess. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and italso became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughou t their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people ’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidat e for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue toexplore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42.Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining Americanvalues?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC.DefinitionD.Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadlyexplosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gaveprizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and — perhaps mostimportantly — peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though mostcountries have asystem of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good intheir countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds ofthings.(3)The Oscars are probably t he most famous, a time for the (mostly) Americanfilmindustry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give eachother awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes,evidently for the same thing.(4) But it ’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and theMTV for music. InBritain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see theirdifficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Codefor popularity. TheTurner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists— each year it causes controversy byapparently givin g lots of money to artists who do thingslike displayin g thei r beds, puttinganimals in glass cases or — this year — building a garden shed.(5) Awards don ’t onlyexist fo r arts. Thereare now awards for Sports Personality of the Year,forEuropeanFootballe r of the Yearand World Footballe r of th eYear. Thisseems very strange —sometimes awards can be good to giverecognitionto people whodeserve it , or to help people whodon ’t make a lot of money carr y on their work withoutworrying about finances, but professiona l soccer players these dayscertainly aren’tshort of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own awardceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated fromhighschool or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for “Innovation in English Language Teaching ”.(7)Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently?Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith orCharles Dickens.(8) It would be possibleto say,however, that in the past,scientists and artistscouldwin “patronage ”form rich people — a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists moneyto have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With thechange in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific researchis now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins anOscar, manymore people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, manymore people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen byhundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group s ells lots morerecords.(11)Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. Thismeans that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors.The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a “Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, butlet me ask you a question — how far do you think that publicity and marketing arewinninghere, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author ’s tone when he mentions awards such as theOscars, the GoldenGlobes and Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A.Amused.B.Appreciative.C.Sarcastic.D.Serious.44.A ccording to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45.W hich of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A.Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B.Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C.Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D.Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46.A ccording to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists inthe past and those at present lies in_____________.A.nature of workB.personal contactC.source of fundingD.social status47.I t can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A.promote market rather than achievementsB.do good to both market and popularityC.help those who are really talentedD.are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs.Mallardsufferedfrom ahearttrouble,great care wastakentobreak to her as gently as possible the news of herhusband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Herhusband Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaperoffice when news of the’s friendrailroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard ’s nameleading the list of“killed ”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3)She wept at once, in her sister ’s arms. When the storm of sadnesshad spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one followher.(4)There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this shesank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reachinto hersoul.(5)She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6)T here were patches of blue sky showing here and there through theclouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7)She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair,quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her,as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8)She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare inher eyes, whose gaze was fixed away offyonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9)There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it,fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name.But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through thesounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10)Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize thisthing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back withher will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11)When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips.She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the lookofterror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12)She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tenderhands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her,fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a longprocession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And sheopened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13)There would be no one to live for her during those coming years;she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her inthat blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right toimpose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14)And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What didit matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of thispossession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free! ”she kept whispering.(16)Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill.What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir( 长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18)Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Springdays, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. Shebreathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she hadthought with a shudder that life might be long.(19)She arose at length and opened the door to her sister'simportunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carriedherself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist,and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them atthe bottom.(20)Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It wasBrently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying hisgripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and didnot even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry;at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21)But Richards was too late.(22)When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband ’s death?A. Her husband ’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49.W hen Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A.sat in an armchair all the timeB.sat with her back facing the windowC.sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50.H ow did she feel about her love towards her husband?A.She hated her husband.B.She was indifferent now.C.She found it hard to describe.D.She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the mostfundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52.What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels. ”according to Para. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53.What conclusion can be drawn fromPara. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54.W hat was Mrs Mallard ’s mood when she was left alone inthe room? Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease — of joy that kills. What do youthink is the real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead ”husband.PART VI WRITING(略 )您好，欢迎您阅读我的文章，本WORD 文档可编辑修改，也可以直接打印。
2018英语专四真题及参考答案.doc【2020年最新】
2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________,their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfie overall —is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if insertedin the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A. accompaniesB. automaticallyC. coupleD. goesE. indebtednessF. kindG. mannerH. mercifullyI. oneJ. obeyK. renowned L. subscribe M. unknown N. virtue O. widespreadA Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the responsehe received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from thepeople who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned acard never inquired into the identity of the unknown professor. They received his holidaygreeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows the action ofone of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in kind, what another person hasprovided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her one in return; if a man sendsus a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if acouple invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By virtue ofthe reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,invitations, and the like. So typical is it for indebtedness to accompany the receipt of suchthings that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” n in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation thatgoes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so widespread that after intensivestudy, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society thatdoes not subscribe to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages f ollowed by ten multiple choice questions. For eachmultiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the onethat you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that werefree from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed ontheir lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historicdecisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the Americancharacter. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formalaristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individualfreedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean thedesire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference fromthe government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If muchof life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fitinto the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has beenboth necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes topeople who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, thereare now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry totell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards andmake tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV formusic. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novelhit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is anaward for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots ofmoney to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year—building a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, forEuropean Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people whodon’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances,but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies,for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a universitydegree. Even the British Council has its own awards for“Innovation in English Language Teaching”．(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize,nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists couldwin“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to havethem paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in socialsystems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded bythe state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people willgo and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy theirbooks. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands ofpeople across the world. The result? The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to heras gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster wasHe had only taken the time toname leading the list of “killed”.received, with Brently Mallard’sassure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, presseddown by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath ofrain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countlesssparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met andpiled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, exceptwhen a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues tosob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one ofthose patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? Shedid not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reachingtoward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing thatwas approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as hertwo white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. Shesaid it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror thathad followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and thecoursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death;the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyondthat bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And sheopened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped hersister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the sceneof accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry;at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.” according toPara. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease —of joy that kills. What do you think isthe real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead” husband.PART VI WRITING(略)赠送以下资料考试知识点技巧大全一、考试中途应饮葡萄糖水大脑是记忆的场所，脑中有数亿个神经细胞在不停地进行着繁重的活动,大脑细胞活动需要大量能量。
2018英语专四真题及参考答案
2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to builda smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. . News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaningA. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognitionactually __________ a good angle — or a good selfie overall — is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable” school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response he received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquiredinto the identity of professor. They received his holidaythe action of one of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay,of the reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment offavors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is itto accompany the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense ofso after intensive study, sociologists such as Alvinto the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establishcolonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the .(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches” became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hardwork has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American valuesA. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries havea system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big starsto give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for“Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens.A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but alsothe sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the GoldenGlobes and Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writersA. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the pastand those at present lies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s n ame leading the list of “killed”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and evena certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddessof Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s deathA. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husbandA. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamentalIndividual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.”according to Para. 2The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the roomSecret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease — of joy that kills. Whatdo you think is the real cause of her deathFright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead” husband.PART VI WRITING(略)。
2018年11月17日四级口语考试真题
2018年11月17日四级口语考试真题流程：Task 1 Self-introduction （20秒，4-5句话）Task 2 Read aloud (45秒熟悉文本，1分钟朗读)Answer two questions （每小题20分钟准备时间）Task 3 Individual presentation(45秒准备，1分钟回答)Task 4 Pair work （1分钟准备，3分钟对话）出题规律：1.今天的话题除了第一个是抽象点的调查主题，有很多新词，其余话题都接近学生校园生活。
2.就文章提问的第一题都能在文章找到对应原话，答案在第一句的情况很多，几乎都是文章的主题。
3. 就文章提问的第二题都是将主题跟自己的生活联系来回答。
4. 个人陈述部分，一般就文章相关主题进行拓展，话题更大更广一点。
5. 对话部分都是讲前面的主题运用于实践，设计活动，都是从六要素来设计问题的（谁参加活动，在哪里举行，什么时候举行，活动内容是什么？怎样推广你的活动？等）学生今天的问题：1.语音不太准确，自我介绍中几乎都会说到来自湖南理工学院，但是几乎没有人说对这几个单词，还有专业也表达不清。
2.没有听清楚指令，有些同学没注意听到“哔”的声音就开始说话，是无效的，没分清楚准备时间和答题时间3.有点紧张，最后对话没有回答到点子上4.语言组织没有逻辑性，不够精炼，时间到了还没说出重点教学建议：1.自我介绍精简，发音准确2.回答问题注意逻辑性，语言精练，引导学生进行多角度思考3.活动设计的六要素指导Topic 1Task 1:Self-introductionTask 2: Read aloudA passage on the function of surveyQuestions:Q1. What is the function of survey?Q2. What are different ways of survey?Task 3: Individual presentation“The importance of investigation in decision-making”Task 4: Pair workDesign a survey on reading among youngsters( What ? who? Where? When? Why? How?)Topic 2Task 1:Self-introductionTask 2: Read aloudA passage on the benefits of singingQuestions:Q1. Why is singing beneficial?Q2. Do you like singing? Why?Task 3: Individual presentation“What kind of ways can keep us fit?”Task 4: Pair workOrganize a singing contest (where? When? Who? Participants, judges, awards)Topic 3Task 1:Self-introductionTask 2: Read aloudA passage on lost-and-found officeQuestions:Q1. What are the functions of lost-and-found offices?Q2. When you have lost something? What will you do?Task 3: Individual presentation“Are there any other service available on campus?”Task 4: Pair workDesign a lost-and-found service on campus ( what? When? Where? How?) T opic 4Task 1:Self-introductionTask 2: Read aloudA passage on public speakingQuestions:Q1. What are the functions of public speaking?Q2. Do you think you are a good public speaker? why?Task 3: Individual presentation“How to develop the abilities of a good speaker?”Task 4: Pair workDesign a talking ( who? What? When? Where? How?)Topic 5Task 1:Self-introductionTask 2: Read aloudA passage on youthQuestions:Q1. What does youth mean to us?Q2. Do you enjoy your childhood? why?Task 3: Individual presentation“How to best use your youth?”Task 4: Pair workArrange an activity for Youth Day ( who? What? When? Where? How?) T opic 6Task 1:Self-introductionTask 2: Read aloudA passage on giving cupboardQuestions:Q1. What does the author do with giving cupboard?Q2. When someone needs help, what can you do?Task 3: Individual presentation“The importance of helping each other?”Task 4: Pair workDesign a group activity (who? What? When? Where? How?) Topic 7Task 1:Self-introductionTask 2: Read aloudA passage on internet languageQuestions:Q1. Why do people use contractions and informal language online?Q2. Do you like chatting online? why?Task 3: Individual presentation“How does internet change our life?”Task 4: Pair workDesign a debate on internet languge (who? What? When? Where? How?)。
2018年大学英语四级试题及答案
2018年大学英语四级试题及答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3.我的建议Online Shopping注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2018英语专四真题及参考答案
2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to builda smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immenselyproud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle — or a good selfie overall — is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable” school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response he received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquired into theidentity of professor. They received his holiday greeting card,one of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rulefor reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay,another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should dorule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense ofafter intensive study, sociologists such as Alvin Goldenerrule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early aspossible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches” became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man who invented deadly explosives,decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries havea system ofrecognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly)American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists —each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to helppeople who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for“Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists orscientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, manymore people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result?The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the GoldenGlobes and Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the pastand those at present lies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone.She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the cloudsthat had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and evena certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards'quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.”according to Para. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease — of joy that kills. Whatdo you think is the real cause of her death?Frightand disillusionment at the sight of her “dead” husband.PART VI WRITING(略)。
2018英语专四真题和题答案与解析
2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to builda smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. . News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of_____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaningA. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentenceexpresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been stronglycriticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of rawmaterials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognitionactually __________ a good angle — or a good selfie overall — is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sportingstars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable” school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysisof worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passageif inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letterfor each word on ANSWER SHEET.A. accompaniesB. automaticallyC. coupleD. goesE. indebtednessF. kindG. mannerH. mercifullyI. oneJ. obeyK. renowned L. subscribe M. unknown N. virtue O. widespreadA Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment.He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some r eaction, the response he received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met norheard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of the unknown professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study showsthe action of one of the most powerful of the weapons of influence aroundus—the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay,in kind, what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor,we should do her one in return; if a man sends us a birthday present, weshould remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if a couple invitesus to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By virtueof the reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment offavors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is it for indebtednessto accompany the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English languagebut in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense ofobligation that goes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It isso widespread that after intensive study, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society that does not subscribeto the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establishcolonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. Theywanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those firstsettlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individualfreedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americansmean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet,achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early aspossible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the .(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity:competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in orderto succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the lifeof an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact,any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United Statesis to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes.The phrase “going from rags to riches” became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the Americanpeople, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hardwork has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history.In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining AmericanvaluesA. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man w ho invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned,and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries havea system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something goodin their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are alsothe Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prizeand the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect tosee their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with theDa Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporaryartists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personalityof the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year.This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to peoplewho deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many s mall towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awardsfor“Innovation in English Language Teaching”．(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently Shakespeare neverwon a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artistsor scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways ofmaking money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens.A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, manymore people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony isseen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result The group sellslots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies.This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but alsothe sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the GoldenGlobes and Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writersA. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the pastand those at present lies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office whennews of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading thelist of “killed”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spentitself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach intoher soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singingreached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds thathad met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itselfto sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and evena certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixedaway off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection,but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back withher will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When s he abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen andbright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch ofher body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray anddead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come thatwould belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she wouldlive for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon afellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter!What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole,imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will makeyourself ill. What are you doing, Louise For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am n ot making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, andsummer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayerthat life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. Therewas a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs.Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallardwho entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella.He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one.He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards' quick motion to screen himfrom the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When t he doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s deathA. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husbandA. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages inSection A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the mostfundamentalIndividual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.”according to Para. 2The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the roomSecret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease — of joy that kills. Whatdo you think is the real cause of her deathFright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead” husband.PART VI WRITING(略)。
6、2018年11月四级口语考试第五场真题-青春
2018年11月大学英语四级口语考试真题—青春来源：文都教育今天是2018年11月17日，大学英语四级口语考试正式拉开序幕。
有些考生在听，读和写等方面得心应手，而一到口语就不知所措，不知道说什么和怎么说。
口语考试并不是什么难事，只要考生多说多练，就能在考场上发挥自如。
为了帮助考生们在四级口语考试中获得较为满意的成绩，文都四六级英语老师在此为考生提供口语考试小提示，以期能对考生们有所帮助。
本场个人陈述的主题为“青春”，青春是文人墨客经常谈到的话题，不论青春是美好的还是痛苦的，都是人生中最美好的记忆。
那么接下来，我们来看一下就“青春”这一主题展开的常用表述：“Youth Life”is a topic frequently mentioned. Whenever it comes to the youth, many people feel sad about it. However, from my perspective, youth life is the most wonderful period in one’s life. Although we feel heart-broken sometimes, we laugh more and grow up through these painful experiences. In a word, we are still young and should seize the moment. As a college student in a new era, we are supposed to cherish the youth, which means seizing every minute to learn, reading good books, learning every bit of knowledge. Idling about all day is not the thing we should do. Instead, finding the goal of our life and achieving it are what matters. Although youth elapses fast, we can also seize it.以上，就是文都四六级英语老师就“青春”这一话题给考生提供的个人陈述模板，希望考生能从中获益。
2018下半年大学英语四级考试真题及答案【3】
2018下半年大学英语四级考试真题及答案【3】三、翻译：整体难度没有变化，但词汇的难度，应该说，照以往稍有下降，主要是没有很生僻的单词，而且其中有许多词汇都是考过很多遍的，如快速发展、增长、影响、大量、稳步增长等等。
唯一需要注意的词汇就是报刊，这是两个英语单词构成的并列结构。
句式方面，也并没有特别难，只有最后一句是一个句号三个片段的句子，其它都是一个句号一个或两个片段，句间逻辑非常好处理。
从单个句子的翻译来看，只要掌握了成份对应翻译法，就可以得到相当好的分数。
相信今年考试的同学，都会取得非常不错的分数。
1.第一篇真题及范文：由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。
这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。
他们现在经常在智能手机上看新闻和文章，而不买传统报刊。
大量移动应用程序的开发使人们能用手机读小说和其他形式的文学作品。
因此，纸质书籍的销售受到了影响。
但调查显示，尽管能手机阅读市场稳步增长，超半数成年人仍喜欢读纸质书。
Due to the fast development of communication networks, the number of smartphone users grows at an amazing rate in recent years in China. This has changed many people’s ways of reading dramatically. Today, they often read news and articles on their smartphones instead of buying traditional newspapers and periodicals. The development of many mobile apps enables people to read novels and other forms of literary works on their smartphones. Therefore, the sales of paper books are affected. However, according to some surveys, more than half of adults still like to read paper books, despite the steady growth of the smartphone reading market.2.手机支付过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展。
2018年英语专四作文真题及范文及答案
2018年英语专四作文真题及范文及答案篇1:标题：《英语专四，就像一场大冒险！》嘿，小伙伴们，你们知道吗？2018年的英语专四考试，就像是一场超级刺激的大冒险！想象一下，你是一个勇敢的小探险家，英语专四就是那座神秘的宝藏山，你得用你的智慧和勇气去征服它！对话开始：小明：“小华，你知道英语专四考试吗？听说可难了！”小华：“当然知道啦，小明！那可是英语的大Boss呢！不过，别担心，我们一起来准备，就像准备一场大冒险一样！”小明：“哇，听起来好酷！那我们要怎么开始呢？”小华：“首先，我们要了解这个大Boss的特点。
2018年的英语专四作文真题，就像是给我们一张藏宝图，让我们用英语写出一篇精彩的文章。
”小明：“藏宝图？那我们得好好研究一下！”小华：“对啊！比如说，作文题目可能是关于‘环保’的，就像我们要保护我们的地球家园一样。
”小明：“那我们要怎么写呢？用英语写，好难哦！”小华：“别怕，我们可以用简单的比喻来让文章生动起来。
比如，我们可以把地球比作一个生病的老人，需要我们去照顾。
”小明：“哦，我明白了！那我们怎么让文章有趣呢？”小华：“我们可以把环保比作一场游戏，每个人都是玩家，我们要一起努力，让地球变得更健康。
”小明：“哈哈，这个主意太棒了！那我们怎么让文章简洁呢？”小华：“就像我们整理玩具一样，把最重要的东西留下来，其他的就不要了。
我们的作文也要这样，只留下最精彩的观点。
”小明：“那我们怎么开始写呢？”小华：“我们可以这样开头：‘想象一下，如果我们的地球是一个巨大的游戏，每个行动都会影响游戏的结果…’”小明：“哇，这太酷了！那我们怎么结束呢？”小华：“我们可以这样结束：‘所以，让我们都成为环保的超级英雄，保护我们的地球家园吧！’”小明：“小华，你太厉害了！我已经迫不及待想要开始这场大冒险了！”小华：“哈哈，我也是！让我们一起加油，征服英语专四这个大Boss！”对话结束。
小伙伴们，你们看，英语专四作文其实没那么可怕，只要我们像准备一场大冒险一样，用简单、幽默的语言，加上生动的比喻，我们就能写出一篇精彩的文章。
2018英语专四真题及参考答案
2018 英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt ’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16.Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “o nly to learn ”is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what ’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I ’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________,their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “h as no __________ of giving any authorization to anyoneto proceed with a divorce. ”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfie overall —is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27.The teachers’u nion _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “d eplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filledst March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwaterarchaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis ofworldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if insertedin the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word onANSWER SHEET.A. accompaniesB. automaticallyC. coupleD. goesE. indebtednessF. kindG. mannerH. mercifullyI. oneJ. obeyK. renowned L. subscribe M. unknown N. virtue O. widespreadA Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmascards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the responsehe received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from thepeople who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned acard never inquired into the identity of the unknown professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows the action ofone of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in kind, what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her one in return; if a man sendsus a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if acouple invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By virtue ofthe reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is it for indebtedness to accompany the receipt of suchthings that a term like “much obliged ”has become a synonym for “thank you, ”n in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation thatgoes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so widespread that after intensivestudy, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society thatdoes not subscribe to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passagesfollowed by ten multiple choice questions. For eachmultiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the onethat you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that werefree from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed ontheir lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historicdecisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individualfreedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean thedesire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference fromthe government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If muchof life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fitinto the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “l and of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “g oing from rags to riches”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.31. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities32. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes topeople who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly —peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, thereare now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry totell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards andmake tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it ’s not only film---sthere are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV formusic. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novelhit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is anaward for British contemporary artists —each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots ofmoney to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or —this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don ’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality ofthe Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people whodon’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances,but professional soccer players these days certainly aren ’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies,for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for “Innovation in English Language Teaching ”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize,nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists couldwin “p atronage f”o rm rich people — a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to havethem paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in socialsystems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded bythe state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people willgo and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands ofpeople across the world. The result? The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a “Win-win ”s ituation, with everyone being happy, but let meask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?33. What is the author ’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.34. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.35. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.36. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status37. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to heras gently as possible the news of her husband ’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband ’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard ’n asme leading the list of “killed H”e .had only taken the time toassure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister ’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, presseddown by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath ofrain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met andpiled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, exceptwhen a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues tosob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one ofthose patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? Shedid not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reachingtoward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing thatwas approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as hertwo white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. Shesaid it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror thathad followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death;the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyondthat bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And sheopened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free! ”she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir( 长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped hersister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the sceneof accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry;at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.38. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband ’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.39. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.40. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now....... C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE41. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO42. What can be inferred from the sentence “N ot all awards are as noble as the Nobels. ”a ccording toPara. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.43. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE44. What was Mrs Mallard ’s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.45. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease —of joy that kills. What do you think isthe real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “d ead”h usband.PART VI WRITING(略)。
2018英语专四真题及参考答案
2018英語專業四級考試真題与參考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfie overall —is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the responsehe received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned aone of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule forus a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if athe reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation thatstudy, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society thatPART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man who invented deadly explosives,decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system ofrecognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly)American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to helppeople who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for“Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result?The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone.She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the cloudsthat had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and evena certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir(長生不老藥) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards'quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental? Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.” according toPara. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease —of joy that kills. What do you think isthe real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead” husband.PART VI WRITING(略)。
(完整word版)2018英语专四真题及参考答案(1)
2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfie overall —is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the responsehe received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned aone of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule forus a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if athe reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation thatstudy, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society thatPART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for“Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.” according toPara. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease —of joy that kills. What do you think isthe real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead” husband.PART VI WRITING(略)。
2018英语专四真题及参考答案.docx
______________. A. war
B. are war C. of war D. are of war
C. the most basic D. the basic
18.She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase“only to learn”is used __________.
C.otherwise
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14.She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________
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精品文档
27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing“deplorable”
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A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response
2018年11月英语四级口语考试题目
2018年11月英语四级口语考试题目"个人陈述"和"两人互动"的部分考题包括：第一场个人陈述：the importance of the investigation in making decision讨论问题：the aim of the survey(?), the question to the survey, the way to conduct survey.第二场个人陈述：how to keep fit讨论问题：contestants to participate, time and place for the contest, judges and awards.第三场个人陈述：various services on available campus讨论问题：1. where to set up the office and why.2. who to look after the office.3. how to raise money for the service.第四场个人陈述：how to develop the ability of public speaking讨论问题：1. who to invite and why2. when and where to give the talk3. how to publicize the event第五场个人陈述：how to best spend your youth years讨论问题：an activity to be organized for celebration time and place for the activity; participants in the activity...第六场个人陈述：helping each other讨论问题：activities to carry out...第七场个人陈述：how does technology change people's lives讨论问题：……第八场个人陈述：the importance of protecting birds讨论问题：how to protect birds;how to let people know the importance of protecting the birds;how to raise money to protect birds.第九场个人陈述：the importance of sleep讨论问题：invite doctor to give a speech (who/when/where) 第十场个人陈述：How to eliminate generation gap讨论问题：......第十一场个人陈述：The importance of visiting museum。
2018英语专四真题及参考答案
2018 英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt ’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16.Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “o nly to learn ”is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what ’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I ’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________,their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “h as no __________ of giving any authorization to anyoneto proceed with a divorce. ”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfie overall —is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27.The teachers’u nion _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “d eplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filledst March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwaterarchaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis ofworldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if insertedin the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word onANSWER SHEET.A. accompaniesB. automaticallyC. coupleD. goesE. indebtednessF. kindG. mannerH. mercifullyI. oneJ. obeyK. renowned L. subscribe M. unknown N. virtue O. widespreadA Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmascards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the responsehe received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from thepeople who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned acard never inquired into the identity of the unknown professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows the action ofone of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in kind, what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her one in return; if a man sendsus a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if acouple invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By virtue ofthe reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is it for indebtedness to accompany the receipt of suchthings that a term like “much obliged ”has become a synonym for “thank you, ”n in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation thatgoes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so widespread that after intensivestudy, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society thatdoes not subscribe to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passagesfollowed by ten multiple choice questions. For eachmultiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the onethat you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that werefree from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed ontheir lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historicdecisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individualfreedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean thedesire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference fromthe government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If muchof life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fitinto the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “l and of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “g oing from rags to riches”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.31. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities32. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes topeople who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly —peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, thereare now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry totell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards andmake tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it ’s not only film---sthere are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV formusic. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novelhit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is anaward for British contemporary artists —each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots ofmoney to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or —this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don ’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality ofthe Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people whodon’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances,but professional soccer players these days certainly aren ’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies,for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for “Innovation in English Language Teaching ”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize,nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists couldwin “p atronage f”o rm rich people — a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to havethem paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in socialsystems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded bythe state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people willgo and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands ofpeople across the world. The result? The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a “Win-win ”s ituation, with everyone being happy, but let meask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?33. What is the author ’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.34. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.35. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.36. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status37. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to heras gently as possible the news of her husband ’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband ’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard ’n asme leading the list of “killed H”e .had only taken the time toassure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister ’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, presseddown by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath ofrain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met andpiled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, exceptwhen a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues tosob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one ofthose patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? Shedid not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reachingtoward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing thatwas approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as hertwo white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. Shesaid it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror thathad followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death;the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyondthat bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And sheopened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free! ”she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir( 长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped hersister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the sceneof accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry;at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.38. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband ’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.39. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.40. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now....... C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE41. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO42. What can be inferred from the sentence “N ot all awards are as noble as the Nobels. ”a ccording toPara. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.43. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE44. What was Mrs Mallard ’s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.45. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease —of joy that kills. What do you think isthe real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “d ead”h usband.PART VI WRITING(略)。
(完整word版)2018英语专四真题及参考答案
2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this sect ion. Ben eath each sentence there are four opti ons marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or an swers the questi on. Mark hour an swers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo _________ ancient Egypt 'first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A. has bee n believed to have bee nB. was believed to beC. is believed to have bee nD. is believed to be12. U.S. News __________ rankings of colleges si nee 1983. They are a very popular resource forstude nts look ing to apply to uni versity campus.A. mai ntai nsB. is mai ntai ningC. mai ntai nedD. has bee n maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ___________ have committed.A. actuallyB. accide ntallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chicke ns in the backyard and a view of ____________ mountains beh ind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy Virgi niaB. hazy blue Virgi niaC. Virgi nia hazy blueD. Virgi nia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate_________ , but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. In deed, it is arguable that body shatteri ng is the very point of football, as killi ng and maimingA. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ___________ , photography is a chemical process, duri ng which a light-se nsitive material is altered whe n exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infin itive verb phrase 6nly to lear n "is used ___________ .A. to express an inten ded purposeB. to in dicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an un desirable con seque neeD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what ' behind this change of plan.B. Jim tur ned to speak to the pers on sta nding behi nd him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I 'm getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I'm lucky because my pare nts were behi nd me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has bee n achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses ______ .A. a hypothesisB. a suggesti onC. a con tradict ionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beati ng were first brought to _________ , their lawyers used the videotape as evide nee aga inst the prosecuti on.A. justiceB. testim onyC. trialD. verdict22. _______ , the most con troversial can didate in the elect ion campaig n, he has bee n stron gly criticized for his crude comme nts about wome n.A. Questi on ablyB. ArguablyC. Conten tiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recen tly rise n in order to ________ the in creased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she has no ___________ of giv ing any authorizati on to anyone to proceed with a divorce. ”A. recomme ndati onB. record ingC. recollect ionD. recog niti on25. What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfie overall —is rooted in what wecon sider beautiful.A. con sistsB. con stitutesC. composesD. con structs26. The school is going the ______ mile to create the n ext gen eratio n of sport ing stars tha nks to its unique developme nt program.A. finalB. furtherC. suppleme ntaryD. extra27. The teachers' union ________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing deplorable ”school con diti ons.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the ____________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwaterarchaeological team.A. debrisB. rui nsC. remai nsD. wreck29. She's worn his desig ns on _________ occasi ons from red carpets to movie premieres.A. coun tlessB. coun tableC. nu mericalD. nu meral30. A leading ___________ intelligenee and operations company has released its analysis ofworldwide reported in cide nts of piracy and crime aga inst marin ers.A. ocea ngoingB. ocea nicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word onANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect stra ngers. Although he expected some reactio n, the resp onsehe received was amaz ing— holiday cards addressed to him came pouri ng back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card n ever inqu ired in to the ide ntity of the unknown professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows the action of one of the most powerful of the weap ons of in flue nee around us—the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in kind, what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her one in return; if a man sends us a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if a couple invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By virtue of the reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts, in vitati ons, and the like. So typical is it for indebtedness to accompa ny the receipt of such things that a term like “ much obliged ” has become a synonym for “thank you, ” nin the En glish Ian guage but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocatio n and the sense of obligati on that goes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so widespread that after intensive study, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society that does not subscribe to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this sect ion there are three passagesfollowed by ten multiple choice questi ons. For each multiple choice questi on, there are four suggested an swers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you thi nk is the best an swer and mark your an swers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1) The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the con trols that existed in Europea n societies. They wan ted to escape the con trols placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiti ng the power of the gover nment and the churches and elim in at ing a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the in dividual. I ndividual freedom is probably the most basic of all the America n values. By freedom, America ns mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the gover nment, a ruli ng n oble class, the church, or any other orga ni zed authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this in dividual freedom: self-relia nee. It means that America ns believe they should sta nd on their own feet, aehievi ng both finan eial and emoti onal in depe ndence from their pare nts as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A sec ond importa nt reas on why immigra nts have traditi on ally bee n draw n to the Un ited States is the belief that every one has a equal cha nee to en ter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opport uni ty: competiti on. If muchof life is see n as race, the n a pers on must run the race in order to succeed; a pers on must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reas on why immigra nts have traditi on ally come to the Un ited States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “and of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase ©oing from rags to riches” became a sloga n for the America n dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the America n people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) America ns pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has bee nboth n ecessary and reward ing for most America ns throughout their history. In some ways, materialpossessi ons are see n as evide nee of peoples abilities. Barry Goldwater, a can didate for the preside ncy in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most America ns would find this a harsh stateme nt, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the America n character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that _________ .A. America ns are born with a sense of competiti onB. the pressure of competiti on begi ns whe n one starts workC. successful competiti on is esse ntial in America n societyD. competiti on results in equality of opport un ities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. Comparis onD. Cause and effectC. Defini tionD. Process an alysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the origi nals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who inven ted deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, scie nee, economics and —perhaps most importa ntly —peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hun dreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of thin gs.(3) The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) America n film in dustry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opport unity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it ' s not only filmsthere are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British con temporary artists — each year it causes con troversy by appare ntly givi ng lots of money to artists who do things like display ing their beds, putt ing ani mals in glass cases or —this year —buildi ng a garde n shed.(5) Awards don ' t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Pers on ality othe Year, forEuropean Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange— sometimes awards can be good to give recog niti on to people who deserve it, or to help people who don' t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren ' t short of cash!(6) Many small tow ns and com mun ities all over the world also have their own award cere moni es, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for “ Inno vati on in En glish Lan guage Teachi ng(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared rece ntly? Shakespeare n ever won a prize, nor did Leon ardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dicke ns.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win patr on age form rich people —a ki ng or a lord would give the artists or scie ntists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no Ion ger happe ns. A lot of scie ntific research is now either fun ded by the state or by private compa ni es.(9) Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award cere monies are now spon sored by big orga ni zatio ns or compa ni es. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a “ Winwin ” situati on, with every one being happy, but let me ask you a question —how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recog niti on of achieveme nt is tak ing place?43. What is the author ' tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes and Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would con ti nue non-fiction writ ing.D. They would try con troversial forms of art.45. Which of the follow ing stateme nts best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards cere monies are held on importa nt occasi ons.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certa in professi ons.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reas ons.46. Accord ing to Para. 8, one differe nee betwee n scie ntists and artists in the past and those at prese ntlies in ____________ .A. n ature of workB. pers onal con tactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be con cluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ______ .A. promote market rather tha n achieveme ntsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really tale ntedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was take n to break to heras gently as possible the news of her husband ' s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband ' s friend Richardswas there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard 'name leading the list of “killed He .had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a sec ond telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister ' s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she wentaway to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the ope n wi ndow, a comfortable armchair. In to this she sank, pressed dow n by a physical exhausti on that haun ted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the ope n square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The no tes of a dista nt song which some one was singing reached her, and coun tless sparrows were twitteri ng in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky show ing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her win dow.(7) She sat with her head throw n back upon the cushi on of the chair, quite moti onl ess, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain stre ngth. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yon der on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a gla nee of reflect ion, but rather in dicated a suspe nsion of in tellige nt thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to n ame. But she felt it, creep ing out of the sky, reach ing toward her through the soun ds, the seen ts, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was begi nning to recog nize this thi ng that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white sle nder hands would have bee n.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over un der her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vaca nt stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the cours ing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep aga in whe n she saw the kind, ten der hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she ope ned and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her duri ng those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that bli nd persiste nee with which men and wome n believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the un solved mystery, count for in face of this possessi on of self-assert ion, which she sudde nly recog ni zed as the stron gest impulse of her being!(15) “Free! Body and soul free! ” she kept whispering.(16) Joseph ine was kn eeli ng before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, implori ng for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heave n's sake ope n the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir( 长生不老药)of life through that ope n win dow.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be Ion g. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at len gth and ope ned the door to her sister's import un ities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they desce nded the stairs. Richards stood wait ing for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was ope ning the front door with a latchkey. It was Bren tly Mallard who en tered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accide nt, and did not even know there had bee n one. He stood amazed at Josephi ne's pierci ng cry; at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband's death?A. Her husband ' friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Joseph ine told her.D. Her doctor broke the n ews to her.49. Whe n Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she __________ .A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and the n walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husba nd?A. She hated her husba nd.B. She was in differe nt now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this sect ion there are five short an swer questi ons based on the passages in Secti on A. An swer the questio ns with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values men ti oned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fun dame ntal?In dividual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels. ” according toPara. 2?The author doubts the sig ni fica nee of some awards.53. What con clusi on can be draw n from Para. 5?The author thinks it un reas on able to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard ' mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectatio n of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease —of joy that kills. What do you thi nk isthe real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her dead" husband.PART VI WRITING（略）。
2018年英语四级考试题
2018年英语四级考试题
一、听力理解（共25分）
1. 短对话（每题1分，共5题）
请根据听到的对话内容，选择正确答案。
2. 长对话（每题1分，共10题）
请根据听到的对话内容，选择正确答案。
3. 短文理解（每题1分，共5题）
请根据听到的短文内容，选择正确答案。
4. 复合式听写（共5分）
请根据听到的内容，完成下列句子。
二、阅读理解（共20分）
1. 快速阅读（每题1分，共5题）
请根据所给短文内容，选择正确答案。
2. 仔细阅读（每题2分，共10题）
请根据所给短文内容，选择正确答案。
三、词汇与结构（共15分）
1. 词汇题（每题0.5分，共10题）
请根据句子的语境，选择正确的词汇填入空白处。
2. 语法题（每题0.5分，共5题）
请根据句子的语法结构，选择正确的选项。
四、完形填空（共20分）
请根据短文内容，选择正确的词汇填入空白处。
五、翻译（共20分）
1. 中译英（每题5分，共10题）
请将下列中文句子翻译成英文。
2. 英译中（每题5分，共10题）
请将下列英文句子翻译成中文。
六、写作（共15分）
请根据所给题目，写一篇不少于120词的短文。
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2018年11月大学英语四级口语考试真题：帮助他人
文章来源：文都教育
今天是2018年11月17日，大学英语四级口语考试也终于如期而至。
口语考试的时候往往是许多考生最为紧张的时刻，不过口语考试并不是什么洪水猛兽，只要稍加练习，做到有话可说，就不会在考场上出现尴尬的场面。
为了帮助大家顺利通过四级口语考试，文都四六级英语老师将会为各位考生提供最贴心的口语考试小提示，希望能够对各位同学有所帮助。
本场个人陈述的主题为“帮助他人”，生活中每个人都会遇到需要他人帮助的情况，此时伸以援手不论对自己还是对别人都是有益处的。
那么接下来，我们来看一下就“帮助他人”这一主题展开的一些常用的表述：
Help Others
As we all know, since we live in a society made up of numerous people, we cannot do everything independently without being helped by others, and we should also give our hands when needed. And the kinds of help can range from handing over something to others to donating money to the ones in need. In my opinion, helping others has following benefits. First, when helping others, we can obtain the sense of being demanded, which is a kind of happiness. Generally, when somebody seeks help from us and we offer our supports to him, it will be a success for us since we can do something for others and they will be happier due to us. To make our friends, families, or even the strangers happy can be very satisfactory for ourselves. Secondly, the help is interactive since when we have difficulties, others will also help us. Helping others is a good way to make friends. If we just live with neglecting others’ needs and appeals, they will also do us the same and we will live a lonely life without just a friend. Therefore, helping others can be advantageous for both ourselves and other people, and we should do our best to help people in need.
以上，就是文都四六级英语老师为各位考生带来的四级口语考试的个人陈述部分，希望能够对各位考生有所助益。
文都教育祝各位同学都可以取得令人满意的成绩。