英语同义词辨析总复习
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初中英语常用词词义及用法辨析
1、about, on
about与on都可以作"关于"讲,但on是表示关于学术性的问题,例如:
This book is about physics. 这是一本关于物理学的科普读物。
This book is on physics. 这是一本物理学方面的专著。
2、after, in
当你要表达在一段时间内某个动作可以完成时,一定要用in,而不能用after,因为after是指在某一时间之后。例如:
This work will be done in two days. 即表明在两天内这一工作一定会做完。而如用了after,即表示在两天之后,完成的时间是不确定的。
另外:in two days 用于一般将来时
two days later 用于一般过去时
3、agree with/ agree on/ agree to
(1)agree with(sb.)表示“与……意见一致”。
I don’t agree with you. 我不同意你的意见。
(2)agree to(sth.)宾语一般为suggestion、plan等,“同意计划、安排”。
We all agreed to your plan. 我们同意你的计划。
(3)agree on 表示“双方就...达成一致协议”。
China and the U.S.A. agreed on the place and time for the next meeting. 中美双方就下次会议的时间、地点问题达成了协议。
4、 a bit/ a little
二者都有“一点儿”的意思,
(1)相同点:都用来修饰形容词、副词原级及其比较级,也可修饰动词。
Get up a bit/ a little earlier, and you will see the star.
起早一点你就会看到星星了。
(2)不同点:①a little+不可数名词,a bit of+不可数名词
He ate a little food/ a bit of food this morning.他今天早上吃了一点食物。
②a little 与a bit 和否定词连用,意义大不相同。
not a little 很,非常;\ not a bit 一点也不
5、against, for
against "反对"、"不赞成";
for "同意",为其反意词。如:
Are you for or against the plan?
6、already, yet
already多用于肯定句中,而yet则多用于疑问句与否定句中,例如:
The students have already finished the work.
Have you finished it yet? I haven't finished it yet.
7、also too either
also与too都可用在肯定句中表示"也",但also通常用于be动词或情态动词之后、行为动词之前,too用于句末;either用于否定句,用于语句末如:
I can also do it myself. 而too一般放于句尾。例如:
I'll attend his class, too.
He can’t believe it , either.
8、another, other, the other, the others, others
(1)another作形容词其意为:泛指三者或三者以上中的另一个或再一个,别的,类似的。如: This is not good enough, please show me another one.
another 还可以作为代词用,如:
One student said:"I want to play baskball." another said:"I want to play football."
(2)other作形容词其意为"泛指其余的,别的"。如:
I have other books besides these. Ask some other people please.
(3)the other则特指两者中的另一个,作形容词时其后面可接单数或复数名词:
She has two flowers. One is white, the other one is yellow. (特指,单数)
There are fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls. (特指,复数)
(4)others则只能作代词,其意为other ones即为:泛指某些,某一部分人或物,如:
Each of us must think of others.
(5)the others只能作为代词,它是特指某一些人或物,如:
I know only one or two of the students; the others are unknown to me.
9、answer, reply
answer与reply是近意词,作为后面接宾语从句时二者是可以互换的,如:The student answered/replied that he wanted to watch TV.
但作为应答之意时则多用answer,reply一般用作不及物动词要与to连用如:Please answer my letter as soon as possible.
He didn’t answer me.
reply to me/my letter
10、arrive / reach/ get
(1) arrive vi.
arrive + in + 大地方(国家、城市等)
arrive + at + 小地方(村庄、车站、码头等)
He arrived in London yesterday morning. 他昨天早晨来到伦敦。
(2) get vi.
get to + 名词
When did you get to the station yesterday?你昨天什么时候到达火车站?(3)reach vt.
reach + 名词
Please write to me when you reach Beijing.你到北京后请给我写信。
当arrive、get后接地点副词here、there、home时,不能后接任何介词。如:
I got/ arrived home / there late yesterday.我昨天很晚才到家(那儿)。
11、at, in, on 表示时间时:
(1)表示具体钟点用at,如:
He will be back at 6:00.
表示一天的上、下午时要用in,如:
I usually get up at six in the morning.