词性及后缀

英语单词词根词缀和词性互相转换

一、词形转换

A.动词变名词

+ ment 结尾

achieve---achievement 成就advertise--- advertisement词变形容词

1名词+y

anger--angry hunger---hungry sleep---sleepy 昏昏欲睡的taste 口味,品味---tasty 甜的2.名词+ ed

balance –balanced 平衡的spot 斑点,地点----spotted 有斑点的talent-----talented 有天赋的

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3.名词+ ful/less

meaning—meaningful 有意义的care—careful/ careless 小心的/粗心的

4.名词+ able

comfort---comfortable knowledge---knowledgeable suit 一套-----suitable 合适的5.名词+ ous

enormous 巨大的danger—dangerous mystery 神秘-----mysterious 神秘的变t

confidence----confident difference---different

7. al 结尾

nature---natural 自然的person---personal (私人的) nation—national 国家的

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8.名词+ ly

friend—friendly live---lively 活跃的,有生气的love—lovely 可爱的

9.+ en 结尾

wood—wooden 木制的wool—woolen 羊毛的

10. 其他

energy精力---energetic fool 傻子—foolish 愚蠢的freedom 自由—free 空的, 免费的height 高度—high illness 疾病--- ill love—loving 慈爱的death---dead pleasure---pleasant / pleased popularity 流行性—popular pride---proudscientist----scientific 科学的

方位的词表达名词—形容词

East—eastern West—western South—southern North---northern

/

In the west of China In the western part of China

四大洲名词-----形容词

Asia 亚洲--Asian Africa 非洲--- African Europe欧洲--- European

America 美洲-----American

C.形容词变副词

1. 形容词+ ly

bad—badly bright—brightly 明亮地most 多数-----mostly 多半大多数

2. 以le 结尾的去e + y

comfortable---comfortably gentle—gently possible---possibly

3. 辅音字母+ y 变ily

!

easy—easily heavy—heavily happy--happily

4.特殊

good—well好地well 身体健康的,井true—truly

名词---形容词—副词

beauty 美,美人—beautiful—beautifully care—careful—carefully care—careless—carelessly difference---different---differently happiness—happy—happily hunger—hungry—hungrily health—healthy—healthily luck—lucky—luckily noise—noisy—noisily pride—proud—proudly骄傲地sadness—sad—sadly safety 安全安全的地方—safe—safely

silence—silent---silently 默默地success—successful—successfully

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truth—true—truly unluck—unlucky—unluckily wonder 奇迹—wonderful—wonderfully

D.既是形容词又是副词

early get up early ; an early train

late be late for class come late for school

deep dive deep into the sea a deep hole

high jump high; a high mountain

hard a hard question;a hard stone work hard / study hard rain hard

long It takes too long It takes a long time

far jump far My home is far from school

、

straight a straight line go straight along here

二、派生:指由一个词根加上前缀和(或)后缀构成另一个词的构词形式

。

A.前缀:一般而言,前缀只改变词的含意,并不改变词的词性,有些前缀如en- , under-

等却使原词改变了词性,如force ( n 力量)—enforce ( v 加强)rich ( adj 富有)

—enrich( v 使富裕)line ( n 线)—underline ( v 在……之下画线)。

a-,an-

①无,不,非astable不稳定的acentric无中心的

②含有in,on,at,by,with,to等意义asleep在熟睡中ahead向前

ab- 脱离abnormal不正常的abaxial离开轴心的

。

anti- 反抗antiwar反战的anti-imperialist反帝的

auto- 自动,自己autobiography自传autostable自动稳定

be- 使…加强belittle使缩小befriend友好相待

bi- 二,双biweekly双周刊biligual两种语言的

co,col,com,con,cor 共同cooperation协作collaboration协作勾结combine联合counter-,contra- 反,对应counteraction反作用contrast对比,对照

di-,dif-,dis- 否定,相反diffident不自信的dislike不喜欢

en,em- 使…enlarge扩大enable使…能empower使…有权力

e-,ex- 外,出external外部的erupt喷出

extra- 以外,超过extraordinary格外的extrasolar太阳系以外的

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