免疫学发展史History
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
12
Ilya Metchnikoff
13
Humoral Immunity
• Bordet discovered complement. • Behring & Kitasato – immunity to
diphtheria & tetanus due to Abs. v. toxins. Passive tf. of immune serum protection = 1st immunotherapy.
– G.B. Shaw, “The Doctor’s Dilemma”: “….stimulate the phagocytes”.
• Humoral Theory: Koch, Ehrlich et al. (Berlin)
– Showed serum from immunised animals kills bacteria.
The History of Immunology
Jr. Hons. Immunology B.Sc. D. I. Stott
“He who ignores history is doomed to repeat it.”
1
Stages of Immunology
• Descriptive early period • Early attempts at vaccination: Smallpox • Early experiments: Bacteria cause disease • Humoral v. cellular immunity • Selective v. instructive theories of I.R.
• “The Royal Experiment” George I pardoned 7 criminals: inoculated;
1 lay with smallpox victim every night to end. All recovered. Repeated with 6 more criminals + 5 orphans.
• Thucydides (5thC. B.C.): people who recovered - immune
3
Early Attempts at Immunisation
• Mithradates VI (Anatolian King) took increasing daily doses of poisons.
Then 2 daughters of Prince & Princess of Wales inoculated, hence became popular.
6
来自百度文库
Immunisation against Smallpox (2) Vaccination
• End of 18th C.: Edward Jenner
• The molecular revolution present
2
Descriptive Early Period
• Plagues & pandemics, esp. bubonic plague (Pasteurella pestis) & smallpox.
• Causes of disease unknown until 19th C. Thought to be caused by poisons = “virus” (latin).
9
Immunisation against Smallpox (3) WHO Programme
• 1978: WHO Programme completed.
Smallpox completely eradicated worldwide.
10
19th C.: Bacteria cause disease
• Robert Koch & Louis Pasteur established bacteria as cause of diseases.
• Pasteur: Injected animals with live attenuated micoorganisms immunity v. chicken cholera, anthrax, rabies.
14
15
Wars of The Cells and Antibodies: Truce
• Inoculated 7 subjects with cowpox. 2 challenged with smallpox. All O.K.
• Cowpox = Vaccinia virus, hence vaccination general term.
7
Edward Jenner inoculating James Phipps with cowpox8
5
Immunisation against Smallpox (1) Variolation
• Early 18th C.: Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (wife of British Ambassador, Constantinople) inoculated own children.
11
Wars of The Cells and Antibodies
• Cellular Theory: Elie Metchnikoff Phagocytes in starfish larvae surround a
splinter; phagocytosis & digestion of bacteria by Ms & polymorphs Phagocytic Theory (innate immunity).
• Immunisation against Smallpox:-
– Chinese: dried matter from pustules inserted in nostrils.
– Turks: used variolation, hence Variola Virus.
4
A Smallpox Victim
Ilya Metchnikoff
13
Humoral Immunity
• Bordet discovered complement. • Behring & Kitasato – immunity to
diphtheria & tetanus due to Abs. v. toxins. Passive tf. of immune serum protection = 1st immunotherapy.
– G.B. Shaw, “The Doctor’s Dilemma”: “….stimulate the phagocytes”.
• Humoral Theory: Koch, Ehrlich et al. (Berlin)
– Showed serum from immunised animals kills bacteria.
The History of Immunology
Jr. Hons. Immunology B.Sc. D. I. Stott
“He who ignores history is doomed to repeat it.”
1
Stages of Immunology
• Descriptive early period • Early attempts at vaccination: Smallpox • Early experiments: Bacteria cause disease • Humoral v. cellular immunity • Selective v. instructive theories of I.R.
• “The Royal Experiment” George I pardoned 7 criminals: inoculated;
1 lay with smallpox victim every night to end. All recovered. Repeated with 6 more criminals + 5 orphans.
• Thucydides (5thC. B.C.): people who recovered - immune
3
Early Attempts at Immunisation
• Mithradates VI (Anatolian King) took increasing daily doses of poisons.
Then 2 daughters of Prince & Princess of Wales inoculated, hence became popular.
6
来自百度文库
Immunisation against Smallpox (2) Vaccination
• End of 18th C.: Edward Jenner
• The molecular revolution present
2
Descriptive Early Period
• Plagues & pandemics, esp. bubonic plague (Pasteurella pestis) & smallpox.
• Causes of disease unknown until 19th C. Thought to be caused by poisons = “virus” (latin).
9
Immunisation against Smallpox (3) WHO Programme
• 1978: WHO Programme completed.
Smallpox completely eradicated worldwide.
10
19th C.: Bacteria cause disease
• Robert Koch & Louis Pasteur established bacteria as cause of diseases.
• Pasteur: Injected animals with live attenuated micoorganisms immunity v. chicken cholera, anthrax, rabies.
14
15
Wars of The Cells and Antibodies: Truce
• Inoculated 7 subjects with cowpox. 2 challenged with smallpox. All O.K.
• Cowpox = Vaccinia virus, hence vaccination general term.
7
Edward Jenner inoculating James Phipps with cowpox8
5
Immunisation against Smallpox (1) Variolation
• Early 18th C.: Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (wife of British Ambassador, Constantinople) inoculated own children.
11
Wars of The Cells and Antibodies
• Cellular Theory: Elie Metchnikoff Phagocytes in starfish larvae surround a
splinter; phagocytosis & digestion of bacteria by Ms & polymorphs Phagocytic Theory (innate immunity).
• Immunisation against Smallpox:-
– Chinese: dried matter from pustules inserted in nostrils.
– Turks: used variolation, hence Variola Virus.
4
A Smallpox Victim