数字图像处理大作业要点

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10三本数字图像大作业要求

10三本数字图像大作业要求

10年北信《数字图像处理》大作业要求一、成绩评定成绩的评定以本次大作业完成情况为主(60%),结合平时考勤和随堂测试(40%)综合给出最后成绩。

严禁抄袭,如果有雷同的报告一律记不及格!二、大作业内容要求(1)大作业选题范围为课堂上已经学习过的数字图像处理技术。

(2)大作业可以包含(1)中的一种以上的数字图像处理技术。

(3)提交的大作业报告字数要求在5000字以上。

(3)对于每一种写在大作业报告中的数字图像处理技术,具体要涉及的内容包括:✧介绍每一种数字图像处理技术的定义、理论依据及其基本思想。

✧给出每一种数字图像处理技术常用的详细算法描述,以及每一种算法的适用情况和不适用情况,并分析说明适用和不适用的原因。

✧并给出每一种数字图像处理技术的应用情况。

要求详细说明其具体的应用领域,具体的实现方法、实现过程,以及应用效果或好处。

二、大作业格式要求(1)大作业完成后,每人需提交一份纸质报告(必须A4纸打印)。

(2)大作业报告的具体格式见附录。

(3)大作业报告要求在《数字图像处理》3月7日按时提交,如延后按未参加考试对待。

2010-11附录报告格式要求《数字图像处理》报告XXXXXXXX(你写在大作业中的数字图像处理技术名)专业:班级:姓名:学号:年月日报告正文部分:(要求:正文部分一律用小四号字,宋体,1.5倍行距。

一级大标题靠左,四号宋体,加粗。

二级大标题靠左,小四,黑体,不加粗。

)参考文献部分:(要求:五号字,宋体,单倍行距。

按作者、书名、出版社、地点、出版时间格式逐一列出,中间用圆点分开。

参考文献写在报告最后。

具体格式可参见下例。

)参考书目:(五号,宋体加粗)[1]罗建军,杨琦 . 数字信号处理课程设计指导书 . 西安交通大学出版社,2005年[2]…………………………………………………………………………..。

《数字图像处理》期末大作业(1)

《数字图像处理》期末大作业(1)

《数字图像处理》期末大作业大作业题目及要求:一、题目:本门课程的考核以作品形式进行。

作品必须用Matlab完成。

并提交相关文档。

二、作品要求:1、用Matlab设计实现图形化界面,调用后台函数完成设计,函数可以调用Matlab工具箱中的函数,也可以自己编写函数。

设计完成后,点击GUI图形界面上的菜单或者按钮,进行必要的交互式操作后,最终能显示运行结果。

2、要求实现以下功能:每个功能的演示窗口标题必须体现完成该功能的小组成员的学号和姓名。

1)对于打开的图像可以显示其灰度直方图,实现直方图均衡化。

2)实现灰度图像的对比度增强,要求实现线性变换和非线性变换(包括对数变换和指数变换)。

3)实现图像的缩放变换、旋转变换等。

4)图像加噪(用输入参数控制不同噪声),然后使用空域和频域进行滤波处理。

5)采用robert算子,prewitt算子,sobel算子,拉普拉斯算子对图像进行边缘提取。

6)读入两幅图像,一幅为背景图像,一幅为含有目标的图像,应用所学的知识提取出目标。

3、认真完成期末大作业报告的撰写,对各个算法的原理和实验结果务必进行仔细分析讨论。

报告采用A4纸打印并装订成册。

附录:报告模板《数字图像处理》期末大作业班级:计算机小组编号:第9组组长:王迪小组成员:吴佳达浙江万里学院计算机与信息学院2014年12月目录(自动生成)1 绘制灰度直方图,实现直方图均衡化 (5)1.1 算法原理 (5)1.2 算法设计 (5)1.3 实验结果及对比分析 (5)2 灰度图像的对比度增强 (5)2.1 算法原理 (5)2.2 算法设计 (5)2.3 实验结果及分析 (5)3 图像的几何变换 (5)3.1 算法原理 (5)3.2 算法设计 (5)3.3 实验结果及分析 (5)4 图像加噪(用输入参数控制不同噪声),然后使用空域和频域进行滤波处理 (5)4.1 算法原理 (5)4.2 算法设计 (6)4.3 实验结果及分析 (6)5 采用robert,prewitt,sobel,拉普拉斯算子对图像进行边缘提取 (6)5.1 算法原理 (6)5.2 算法设计 (6)5.3 实验结果及分析 (6)6 读入两幅图像,一幅为背景图像,一幅为含有目标的图像,应用所学的知识提取出目标 (6)6.1 算法原理 (6)6.2 算法设计 (6)6.3 实验结果及分析 (6)7 小结(感受和体会) (6)1 绘制灰度直方图,实现直方图均衡化1.1 算法原理图像增强是指按特定的需要突出一幅图像中的某些信息,同时,消弱或去除某些不需要的信息的处理方法。

《数字图像处理》期末大作业

《数字图像处理》期末大作业

《数字图像处理》期末大作业大作业题目及要求:一、题目:本门课程的考核以作品形式进行。

作品必须用Matlab完成。

并提交相关文档。

二、作品要求:1、用Matlab设计实现图形化界面,调用后台函数完成设计,函数可以调用Matlab工具箱中的函数,也可以自己编写函数。

设计完成后,点击GUI 图形界面上的菜单或者按钮,进行必要的交互式操作后,最终能显示运行结果。

2、要求实现以下功能:每个功能的演示窗口标题必须体现完成该功能的小组成员的学号(后三位)。

1)对于打开的图像可以显示其灰度直方图,实现直方图均衡化和直方图匹配(规定化)。

2)实现灰度图像的对比度增强,要求实现线性变换和非线性变换(包括对数变换和指数变换)。

3)实现图像的缩放变换、旋转变换等。

4)图像加噪(用输入参数控制不同噪声),然后使用空域和频域进行滤波处理。

5)采用robert算子,prewitt算子,sobel算子,拉普拉斯算子对图像进行边缘提取。

6)读入两幅图像,一幅为背景图像,一幅为含有目标的图像,应用所学的知识提取出目标。

3、认真完成期末大作业报告的撰写,对各个算法的原理和实验结果务必进行仔细分析讨论。

报告采用A4纸打印并装订成册。

附录:报告模板《数字图像处理》期末大作业班级:小组编号:组长:小组成员:浙江万里学院计算机与信息学院2013年12月目录(自动生成)1 绘制灰度直方图,实现直方图均衡化和直方图匹配(规定化)1.1 算法原理1.2 算法设计1.3 实验结果及对比分析图1 ××××××图2 ××××××分析***********************************************2 灰度图像的对比度增强2.1 算法原理2.2 算法设计2.3 实验结果及分析3 图形的几何变换3.1 算法原理3.2 算法设计3.3 实验结果及分析4 图像加噪(用输入参数控制不同噪声),然后使用空域和频域进行滤波处理4.1 算法原理4.2 算法设计4.3 实验结果及分析5 采用robert,prewitt,sobel,拉普拉斯算子对图像进行边缘提取5.1 算法原理5.2 算法设计5.3 实验结果及分析6 读入两幅图像,一幅为背景图像,一幅为含有目标的图像,应用所学的知识提取出目标6.1 算法原理6.2 算法设计6.3 实验结果及分析7 小结(感受和体会)(英文版)Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2015 to strengthenparty laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Y ears, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulationsrepeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the FifthPlenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs DepartmentThe first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee PoliticalBureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revisionof the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Y an to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline andto implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists ona positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," atotal of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the corresponding disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of < rule >real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party members and listed a "negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. > < Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the party's leadership and the party's basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized and unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised < Regulations > adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the party's discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, > < Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievements. < rule > the party's eighteen yearsimplement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the "four winds" and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the use of authority relatives profit and other disciplinary terms. Prominent discipline of the masses, the new against the interests of the masses and ignore the demands of the masses and other disciplinary terms and make provisions of the disposition and the destruction of the party's close ties with the masses.Discipline to protect the party's purpose. 8 of these regulations, a total of three series, Chapter 15, 178, more than 24000 words, after the revision of the regulations a total of 3 series, Chapter 11, 133, 17000 words, divided into "general" and "special provisions" and "Supplementary Provisions" Part 3. Among them, add, delete, modify the provisions of the proportion of up to nearly 90%. 1, the general general is divided into five chapters. The first chapter to the regulations of the guiding ideology, principles and scope of application of the provisions, highlight the strengthening of the party constitution consciousness, maintenance the authority of Party Constitution, increase the party organizations and Party members must abide by the party constitution, Y an Centralized centralized, would examine at all levels of the amended provisions implementing and maintaining Party discipline, and consciously accept the party discipline,exemplary compliance with national laws and regulations. The second chapter of discipline concept, disciplinary action types and effects of the regulations, will be a serious warning from the original a year for a year and a half; increase the Party Congress representative, by leaving the party above (including leave probation) punishment, the party organization should be terminated its representative qualification provisions. The third chapter of the disciplinary rules of use prescribed in the discipline rectifying process, non convergence, not close hand classified as severely or heavier punishment. "Discipline straighten "At least eighteen years of five years, these five years is to pay close attention to the provisions of the central eight implementation and anti -" four winds ". The fourth chapter on suspicion of illegal party disciplinary distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, to achieve effective convergence of Party and country 9 method. < rule > the provisions of Article 27, Party organizations in the disciplinary review found that party members have committed embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty dereliction of duty and other criminal law act is suspected of committing a crime shall give cancel party posts, probation or expelled from the party. The second is < Regulations > Article 28 the provisions of Party organizations in the disciplinary review But found that party members are stipulated in the criminal law, although not involved in a crime shall be investigated for Party discipline and responsibility shouldbe depending on the specific circumstances shall be given a warning until expelled punishment. This situation and a difference is that the former regulation behavior has been suspected of a crime, the feeling is quite strict, and the latter for the behavior not involving crime, only the objective performance of the provisions of the criminal code of behavior, but the plot is a crime to slightly. < Regulations > the 29 provisions, Party organizations in the discipline review found that party members and other illegal behavior, affect the party's image, the damage to the party, the state and the people's interests, we should depend on the situation Seriousness given disciplinary action. The loss of Party members, seriously damaging the party's image of behavior, should be given expelled from the party. At this article is party member is in violation of the criminal law outside the other illegal acts, such as violates the public security administration punishment law, customs law, financial laws and regulations behavior. The fourth is < cases > Article 32 stipulates, minor party members and the circumstances of the crime, the people's Procuratorate shall make a decision not to initiate a prosecution, or the people's court shall make a conviction and exempted from criminal punishment shall be given within the party is removed from his post, probation or expelled from the party. Party members and crime, sheets were fined in accordance with For acts; the principal Ordinance amended the provisions of the preceding paragraph. This is the new content, in order to achieve Ji method effectiveconvergence. Five is < > the thirty third article 10 of the provisions, the Party member due to an intentional crime is sentenced to criminal law (including probation) sheets or additional deprivation of political rights; due to negligence crime and was sentenced to three years or more (excluding three years) a penalty, shall give expelled punishment. Due to negligence crime is convicted and sentenced to three years (including three years) in prison or be sentenced to public surveillance, detention, shall in general be expelled from the party. For the individual may not be expelled from the party, should control Approval. This is followed and retained the original > < Regulations the provisions of punishment party authorization rules and report to a level party organizations. For is "party members with criminal acts, and by the criminal punishment, generally should be expelled from the party". The fifth chapter of probationary Party member of the discipline and discipline after missing members of the treatment and punishment decisions, such as the implementation of the provisions, clear the related party discipline and punishment decision made after, for duties, wages and other relevant alteration formalities for the longest time. 2, sub sub section will the original regulations of10 categories of acts of violation of discipline integration revised into 6 categories, respectively, in violation of the punishments for acts of political discipline "in violation of discipline behavior of punishment" in violation of integrity of disciplinary action points "of violation punishments for actsof mass discipline" "the violation of work discipline, punishment" in violation of discipline of life behavior punishment "6 chapters. 3, annex" Supplementary Provisions "clear authority making supplementary provisions of, cases of interpretative organ, as well as regulations implementation time and retroactivity etc.. 11 (3) learning understanding > < regulations needs to grasp several key problems The first problem -- about the violation of political discipline behavior > < new ordinance chapter 6 the political discipline column for the six disciplines, that is the main opposition to Party leadership and the opposition of the basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, basic requirements of misconduct made provisions of the disposition, especially the eighteen since the CPC Central Committee put forward the Yan Mingzheng treatment of discipline and political rules requirements and practical achievements transformation for Discipline article, increase the false debate central policies, cliques, against the organization review, make no discipline of the principle of harmony terms. These are the party's eighteen years in comprehensive strictly Process combined with the practice of rich content. (1) false debate the central policies and undermine the Party of centralized and unified the problem is made in accordance with the provisions of the party constitution. Constitution in general programme requirements adhere to democratic centralism is one of the requirements of the construction of the party must adhere to the four cardinal. Applicationof this principle is not only the party the basic organization principle and is also the mass line in party life, it requires that we must fully develop inner-party democracy, respect for the dominant position of Party members, safeguarding the Party member democratic rights, give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of the party organizations at all levels and Party members, at the same time, also must implement the right concentration, ensure the party's mission < the chaos in unity and concerted action to ensure that the party's decision to get quickly and effectively implementing. The Party Central Committee formulated the major principles and policies, through different channels and ways, fully listen to the party organizations and Party members of the opinions and suggestions, but 12 is some people face to face not to say back blather "" will not say, after the meeting said, "" Taiwan does not say, and nonsense ", in fact, not only disrupt the people thought, some causing serious consequences, the damage to the Party of the centralized and unified, hinder the central policy implementation, but also a serious violation of the democratic system of principles. There is no doubt that shall, in accordance with the Regulations > 4 Specified in Article 6 to give the appropriate punishment. For did not cause serious consequences, to give criticism and education or the corresponding tissue processing. (2) about the destruction of the party's unity < New Regulations > the forty eighth to fifty second article, to damage Party's unity unified and violation of political discipline, punishment situationmade explicit provisions. Article 52 of the new "in the party get round group, gangs seek private gain, cliques, cultivate private forces or through the exchange of interests, for their own to create momentum and other activities to gain political capital, given a serious warning or withdraw from their party posts disposition; if the circumstances are serious, to give Leave a party to observation or expelled from the party. (3) on against the organization review of the provisions of the constitution, party loyalty honesty is party members must comply with the obligations. Members must obey the organization decision, shall not violate the organization decided encounters by asking questions to find organization, rely on the organization, shall not deceive the organization, against the organization. For example, after the investigation does not take the initiative to explain the situation, but to engage in offensive and defensive alliance, hiding the stolen money is against survey organization, is a violation of the behavior of political discipline. Article 24 of the original > < Regulations, although the provisions of the interference, hinder group review the behavior of the fabric can be severely or 13 Aggravated punishment, but did not put this kind of behavior alone as a discipline for qualitative amount of discipline. > < new regulations increase the Article 57, "anti organization review, one of the following acts, given a warning or serious warning; if the circumstances are relatively serious, giving removed from or placed on probation within the party post; if the circumstances are serious, give。

数字图像处理大作业

数字图像处理大作业

《数字图像处理》大作业2011本次作业的任务是进行图片分类实验,实验数据集由20个类别共2000张图片组成,其中1000张图片用于训练,另1000张图片用于测试(详情见附录A)。

图片分类程序的常见步骤【建议】图片分类程序可以分为以下5个步骤:(1)为训练图片提取底层特征,用特征向量表示训练图片;(2)利用训练图片的特征向量和类别标注数据训练分类器;(3)为测试图片提取底层特征,用特征向量表示测试图片;(4)使用训练好的分类器对测试图片的特征向量进行预测分类;(5)对预测分类的结果进行评测。

底层特征【要求】在本次大作业中,请大家查阅相关资料, 至少要用到以下特征:(1)边缘直方图(Edge Histogram)(2)灰度共生矩阵(Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix)(3)SIFT (Scale-invariant feature transform)(4)除上述3种特征外, 请至少实现一种形状类特征(Hu不变矩, Hough变换等)和一种颜色类特征,如CCV (Color Coherence Vector)等。

【建议】不限制必做特征的具体做法, 可以尝试多种途径来提升该特征的效果(如对图片分块等)【建议】可以在对不同的底层特征进行融合的过程中,观察不同的底层特征之间的互补关系,并加以分析。

分类方法【要求】在本次大作业中,至少要用到以下分类器:(1)Libsvm:SVM是一种被广泛采用的分类方法,Libsvm是一个应用非常普遍的开源的SVM实现,当前的最新版本是2.88版本(下载地址);(2)除Libsvm外,自选另外至少一种分类方法。

【建议】可以根据数据本身的特点, 合理改进分类器(如改进SVM的核函数等)【建议】可以在实验过程中,观察不同的分类方法的效果优劣,并加以分析。

【建议】可以对多个分类器的分类结果进行融合, 提高最终的分类效果。

统一的预测分类结果文件格式为了便于进行图片分类结果的评测和比较,在实验的过程中请将图片分类结果输出为以下统一的格式:(1)每一行由3个数字组成,分别是图片(在整个图片集中)的序号、图片的真实(标注)类别、图片分类程序的预测类别;(2)由于共有1000张图片,该文件共有1000行。

数字图像处理大作业报告

数字图像处理大作业报告

数字图像处理实验报告实验选题:选题二组员:学号:班级:指导老师:实验日期:2019年5月22日一、实验目的及原理1.识别出芯片的引脚2.熟悉并掌握opencv的某些函数的功能和使用方法原理:通过滤波、形态学操作得到二值图,再在二值图中设置条件识别引脚部分。

二、实现方案对图片滤波、调节阈值做边缘检测过滤掉一部分图片中干扰元素;然后通过膨胀、腐蚀操作来减少引脚的空心部分;再通过findContours()函数找到引脚的边缘并得到轮廓的点集,设置特定的长宽比和矩形面积识别引脚部分。

三、实验结果四、源码#include<iostream>#include<cmath>#include"opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"#include"opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"using namespace std;using namespace cv;int main(int argv, char **argc){//载入图片Mat srtImag = imread("2.jpg");Mat G_blur = srtImag.clone();//降噪blur(G_blur, G_blur, Size(5, 5));//imshow("降噪", G_blur);//Canny边缘检测Mat Canny_Imag = G_blur;Canny_Imag = Canny_Imag > 176;Canny(G_blur, Canny_Imag, 300, 50, 3);//imshow("边缘检测", Canny_Imag);//膨胀Mat element = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(10, 10));dilate(Canny_Imag, Canny_Imag, element);//imshow("膨胀", Canny_Imag);//腐蚀Mat element_1 = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(11, 11));erode(Canny_Imag, Canny_Imag, element_1);//imshow("腐蚀", Canny_Imag);//查找轮廓vector<vector<Point>>contours;vector<Vec4i>hierarchy;findContours(Canny_Imag, contours, hierarchy, RETR_CCOMP, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);vector<vector<Point>> contour_s(contours.size());//该数组共有contours.size()个轮廓的点集vector<Rect> Rec_s(contours.size());//逼近多边形的点集数组//获得每个轮廓点集的逼近多边形的点集for (size_t i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++) {approxPolyDP(Mat(contours[i]), contour_s[i], 3,false);//contour_s存储逼近多边形的点集Rec_s[i]= boundingRect(contour_s[i]); //Rec_s存储最小包围矩形的点集}//筛选合适长宽比的矩形并将其画出来Mat result_Imag = srtImag.clone();for (size_t j = 0; j < contours.size(); j++) {double as_ra;//长宽比as_ra = Rec_s[j].height / Rec_s[j].width;if (as_ra > 3.3 && as_ra < 9.3 && Rec_s[j].area() > 20) { rectangle(result_Imag, Rec_s[j], Scalar(0, 255, 255), 2, 7);}}imshow("result", result_Imag);waitKey(0);return 0;}五、总结经过这次实验,我熟悉了对blur()、Canny()、dilate()、erode()、findContours()、approxPolyDP()等函数的使用,了解了Rect类的构成等。

数字图像处理要点简述.

数字图像处理要点简述.

第一.二章.采样,量化,数字图像的表示基本的数字图像处理系统系统的层次结构图像处理的主要任务:图像获取与数字化图像增强图像恢复图像重建图像变换图像编码与压缩图像分割特点:(1)处理精度高。

(2)重现性能好。

(3)灵活性高1.图像的数字化包括两个主要步骤:离散和量化2.在数字图像领域,将图像看成是许多大小相同、形状一致的像素组成3.为便于数字存储和计算机处理可以通过数模转换(A/D)将连续图像变为数字图像。

4.数字化包括取样和量化两个过程:取样:对空间连续坐标(x, y)的离散化量化:幅值f (x, y)的离散化(使连续信号的幅度用有限级的数码表示的过程。

)5.数字化图像所需的主要硬件:◆采样孔、图像扫描机构、光传感器、量化器、输出存储体6.取样和量化的结果是一个矩阵7.其中矩阵中的每个元素代表一个像素8.存储一幅图像的数据量又空间分辨率和幅度分辨率决定9.灵敏度、分辨率、信噪比是三大指标第三章,傅里叶变换,DCT变换,WHT●余弦型变换:●傅里叶变换(DFT)和余弦变换(DCT)。

● 方波型变换:● 沃尔什-哈达玛变换(DWT )1.二维连续傅里叶正反变换 :二维离散傅里叶变换:。

F (u, v )即为f (x, y )的频谱。

频谱的直流成分说明在频谱原点的傅里叶变换F (0, 0)等于图像的平均灰度级 卷积定理:2.二维离散余弦变换(DCT )一维离散余弦变换:⎰⎰∞∞-∞∞-+-=dxdye y xf v u F vy ux j )(2),(),(π j2π() (,)(,)e d d ux vy f x y F u v u v+--=⎰⎰∞∞∞∞∑∑-=-=+-=101)//(2),(1),(M x N y N vy M ux j e y x f MNv u F π∑∑-=-=+=1010)//(2),(),(M u N v N vy M ux j ev u F y x f π∑∑-=-=--=1010),(),(),(*),(M m N n n y m x g n m f y x g y x f3.一维沃尔什变换核g(x,u):二维:4.一维哈达玛变换核为:第四章:图像增强:算术运算,灰度变换,直方图均衡化,平滑,锐化1.图像增强是一类对图像降质进行改善的方法2.图像增强技术大致分为:空间域增强(直接对像素灰度值)和频率域增强两类。

数字图像处理 干涉条纹

数字图像处理 干涉条纹

《数字图像处理》
大作业报告提纲
题目:干涉条纹图像的处理方法
一、根据课本的内容,对图像噪声的定义、分类、频域和空域处理方法进行详细叙述。

二、图1是一幅干涉条纹图像,图中红色圆圈所示的区域为要进行处理的干涉条纹图案。

要求按如下步骤处理:
1)提取干涉条纹:图1中红圈内部为干涉条纹,提取出红圈内部的干涉条纹区域,红圈及圈外的区域中像素的光强可以全部赋值为0;将提取的干涉条纹图片画图显示出来。

2)提高信噪比:对所提取的干涉条纹区域进行噪声抑制处理,采用频域或空域处理算法进行噪声抑制处理;计算处理前后的图像信噪比,信噪比增加了说明处理有效果;
3)归一化处理:对所提取的干涉条纹,每一条亮线和暗线之间属于同一区域;条纹虽然亮暗变化,但条纹最亮的值并不一样。

我们需要对同一区域中的条纹灰度进行归一化处理,使亮条纹的峰值都为255灰度级,而暗条纹的谷值都为0灰度级,峰谷值之间的像素灰度进行同比例处理。

最后得到亮暗均匀的干涉条纹图片。

请给出图像处理的方案,具体matlab代码,中间结果和最终结果,并进行说明。

图1 干涉条纹。

(完整版)数字图像处理大作业

(完整版)数字图像处理大作业

数字图像处理1.图像工程的三个层次是指哪三个层次?各个层次对应的输入、输出对象分别是什么?①图像处理特点:输入是图像,输出也是图像,即图像之间进行的变换。

②图像分割特点:输入是图像,输出是数据。

③图像识别特点:以客观世界为中心,借助知识、经验等来把握整个客观世界。

“输入是数据,输出是理解。

2.常用的颜色模型有哪些(列举三种以上)?并分别说明颜色模型各分量代表的意义。

①RGB(红、绿、蓝)模型②CMY(青、品红、黄)模型③HSI(色调、饱和度、亮度)模型3.什么是图像的采样?什么是图像的量化?1.采样采样的实质就是要用多少点来描述一幅图像,采样结果质量的高低就是用前面所说的图像分辨率来衡量。

简单来讲,对二维空间上连续的图像在水平和垂直方向上等间距地分割成矩形网状结构,所形成的微小方格称为像素点。

一副图像就被采样成有限个像素点构成的集合。

例如:一副640*480分辨率的图像,表示这幅图像是由640*480=307200个像素点组成。

2.量化量化是指要使用多大范围的数值来表示图像采样之后的每一个点。

量化的结果是图像能够容纳的颜色总数,它反映了采样的质量。

针对数字图像而言:采样决定了图像的空间分辨率,换句话说,空间分辨率是图像中可分辨的最小细节。

量化决定了图像的灰度级,即指在灰度级别中可分辨的最小变化。

数字图像处理(第三次课)调用图像格式转换函数实现彩色图像、灰度图像、二值图像、索引图像之间的转换。

图像的类型转换:对于索引图像进行滤波时,必须把它转换为RGB图像,否则对图像的下标进行滤波,得到的结果是毫无意义的;2.用MATLAB完成灰度图像直方图统计代码设计。

6789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930title('lady-lenna');if isrgb(a);b=rgb2gray(a);%RGB转换为灰度图像endsubplot(2,2,2);imshow(b);%显示图像title('ladygaga-lenna');[m,n]=size(a);%返回图像大小e=zeros(1,256);for k=0:255for i=1:mfor j=1:nif a(i,j)==ke(k+1)=e(k+1)+1;%灰度值相同的进行累加endendendendsubplot(2,2,4);bar(e);%画图像的灰度直方图title('灰度直方图');c=imrotate(a,20);%图像的旋转subplot(2,2,3);imshow(c);数字图像处理(第四次课)编写matlab函数,实现在医学图像中数字减影血管造影。

《数字图像处理》大作业:车牌识别

《数字图像处理》大作业:车牌识别

将图中字符分割出来 将每个字符单独分割出来进行操作方便字 符识别 用d=bwareaopen(d,150);将第二个 和第三个字符中间的点去除点。
分割第一个字符的程序
wide1 = 0 while sum(d(:,wide1+1))<3 && wide1 <= n-2 wide1 = wide1 + 1; end wide2 = wide1; while sum(d(:,wide2+1))>2 && wide2 <= n-2 wide2 = wide2 + 1; end % temp = imcrop(d, [wide1 1 wide2-wide1 m]); % figure;imshow(temp); % tp=3;bottm=m-5; while sum(d(tp,wide1:wide2))==0 tp = tp + 1; end while sum(d(bottm,wide1:wide2))==0 bottm = bottm - 1; end e1 = imcrop(d, [wide1 tp wide2-wide1 bottm-tp]);
%求出一列中满足蓝色区域点的个数
%找出车牌区域左右边界
车牌字符处理
首先要对定位好的车牌图像进行处理,再将车牌 上的字符分割出来,方便后续识别操作。ຫໍສະໝຸດ 图像灰度化图像二值化
图像滤波处理
车牌图像处理
图像处理部分程序
X = im2bw(Plate); 像 [H, L] = size(X); X = imcrop(X, [5 5 L-10 H-10]); %im2bw使用阈值变换法把灰度图 转换成二值图像。

《数字图像处理》复习大作业及答案

《数字图像处理》复习大作业及答案

20XX年上学期《数字图像处理》复习大作业及参考答案=====================================================一、选择题(共20题)1、采用幂次变换进行灰度变换时,当幂次取大于1时,该变换是针对如下哪一类图像进行增强。

(B)A 图像整体偏暗B 图像整体偏亮C图像细节淹没在暗背景中D图像同时存在过亮和过暗背景2、图像灰度方差说明了图像哪一个属性。

(B )A 平均灰度B 图像对比度C 图像整体亮度D图像细节3、计算机显示器主要采用哪一种彩色模型( A )A、RGBB、CMY或CMYKC、HSID、HSV4、采用模板[-1 1]T主要检测( A )方向的边缘。

A.水平B.45︒C.垂直D.135︒5、下列算法中属于图象锐化处理的是:( C )A.低通滤波B.加权平均法C.高通滤波D. 中值滤波6、维纳滤波器通常用于( C )A、去噪B、减小图像动态范围C、复原图像D、平滑图像7、彩色图像增强时, C 处理可以采用RGB彩色模型。

A. 直方图均衡化B. 同态滤波C. 加权均值滤波D. 中值滤波8、__B__滤波器在对图像复原过程中需要计算噪声功率谱和图像功率谱。

A. 逆滤波B. 维纳滤波C. 约束最小二乘滤波D. 同态滤波9、高通滤波后的图像通常较暗,为改善这种情况,将高通滤波器的转移函数加上一常数量以便引入一些低频分量。

这样的滤波器叫B。

A. 巴特沃斯高通滤波器B. 高频提升滤波器C. 高频加强滤波器D. 理想高通滤波器10、图象与灰度直方图间的对应关系是 B __A.一一对应B.多对一C.一对多D.都不11、下列算法中属于图象锐化处理的是:CA.低通滤波B.加权平均法C.高通滤D. 中值滤波12、一幅256*256的图像,若灰度级数为16,则存储它所需的比特数是:( A )A、256KB、512KC、1M C、2M13、噪声有以下某一种特性( D )A、只含有高频分量B、其频率总覆盖整个频谱C、等宽的频率间隔内有相同的能量D、总有一定的随机性14. 利用直方图取单阈值方法进行图像分割时:(B)a.图像中应仅有一个目标b.图像直方图应有两个峰c.图像中目标和背景应一样大d. 图像中目标灰度应比背景大15. 在单变量变换增强中,最容易让人感到图像内容发生变化的是( C )A亮度增强觉B饱和度增强C色调增强D不一定哪种增强16、利用平滑滤波器可对图像进行低通滤波,消除噪声,但同时模糊了细节。

《数字图像处理》期末考试重点总结(5篇材料)

《数字图像处理》期末考试重点总结(5篇材料)

《数字图像处理》期末考试重点总结(5篇材料)第一篇:《数字图像处理》期末考试重点总结*数字图像处理的主要内容及特点图像获取、图像变换、图像增强、图像恢复、图像压缩、图像分析、图像识别、图像理解。

(1)处理精度高,再现性好。

(2)易于控制处理效果。

(3)处理的多样性。

(4)图像数据量庞大。

(5)图像处理技术综合性强。

*图像增强:通过某种技术有选择地突出对某一具体应用有用的信息,削弱或抑制一些无用的信息。

图像增强不存在通用理论。

图像增强的方法:空间域方法和变换域方法。

*图像反转:S=L-1-r 1.与原图像视觉内容相同2.适用于增强嵌入于图像暗色区域的白色或灰色细节。

*对数变换 S=C*log(1+r)c为常数,r>=0 作用与特点:对数变换将输入中范围较窄的低灰度值映射为输出中较宽范围的灰度值,同时,对输入中范围较宽的高灰度值映射为输出中较窄范围的灰度值。

对数函数的一个重要特征是可压缩像素值变化较大的图像的动态范围;*幂律(伽马)变换 s=c*(r+ɛ)ɤ伽马小于1时减小图像对比度,伽马大于1时增大对比度。

*灰度直方图:是数字图像中各灰度级与其出现的频数间的统计关系。

*直方图均衡化:直方图均衡化就是通过变换函数将原图像的直方图修正为均匀的直方图,即使各灰度级具有相同的出现频数,图象看起来更清晰。

直方图均衡化变换函数必须为严格单调递增函数。

直方图均衡化的特点:1.能自动增强图像的对比度2.得到了全局均衡化的直方图,即均匀分布3.但其效果不易控制*直方图规定化(匹配):用于产生处理后有特殊直方图的图像的方法*空间滤波即直接对图像像素进行处理。

获得最佳滤波效果的唯一方法是使滤波掩模中心距原图像边缘的距离不小于(n-1)/2个像素。

*平滑滤波器用于模糊处理和减小噪声。

平滑线性空间滤波器的输出是:待处理图像在滤波器掩模邻域内的像素的简单平均值。

优点:减小了图像灰度的“尖锐”变化,故常用于图像降噪。

负面效应:模糊了图像的边缘,因为边缘也是由图像灰度的尖锐变化造成的。

数字图像处理重点内容提要

数字图像处理重点内容提要

数字图像处理重点内容提要第一章概述1.什么是图像?粗略地讲,图像是某一个二维或三维景物呈现在人们心目中的影像;确切地讲,图像是光辐射能量照在物体上,经过物体的反射或透射,或由发光物体本身发出的光能量,在人的视觉器官中所重现出的物体的视觉信息。

2.数字图像:最小单位,两个特征(空间位置特征、属性特征)数字图像:用离散的数字表示的图像I=I(r,c)在计算机中用二维矩阵来表示。

把图像按行与列分成m×n个网格,每个网格称为图像的一个像素。

数字图像的最小单位是像素(像元)像素(像元)具有空间位置特征和属性特征【空间分辨率】:指在水平方向和垂直方向上共分为多少格(点),记为M×N。

(同一幅图像,分辨率越高,图像质量越好)【灰度分辨率】:指象元亮度(灰度)层次的多少,常称为灰度级,记为2n,如28=256个灰度级。

(颜色数越多,用以表示颜色的位数越长,图像颜色就越逼真。

)【空间频率】:图象明暗变化的快慢,空间频率高表征图象的细微变化(细节),反之则表示图象中大的物体。

本概念是图象处理中频域处理的基础。

【数字图像的分类】:①按亮度等级:二值图像和灰度图像(二值图像—灰度值仅有0和1组成)②按色调:黑白图象和彩色图象(彩色图像每一点的灰度值有好几个分量构成,如R、G、B;然后这几个分量的灰度值叠加形成彩色图像。

黑白图像—每一点的灰度值只有一个)③按内容和变化性质:静止图像和活动图像④按所占空间维数:二维平面图像和三维、多维立体图像等。

⑤从人的视觉效果分:可见图像(由可见光形成,能为人的视觉系统所直接感受)和不可见图像(不能为人眼所直接感受,但通过能量转换和相应的显示装置变换后,可以为人的视觉所感受。

如X 光透视图象、红外电视图象、微波辐射计以及B 型超声诊断仪上所显示的图象等。

)3.采样和量化的定义【模拟图像数字化】:包括采样和量化两个过程【采样】——将空间上连续的图像变换成离散点的操作,即位置的离散化。

数字图像处理复习要点及答案

数字图像处理复习要点及答案

一、简答1、简述图像数字化的过程;如何进行量化与取样的综合选择?并说明理由。

图像数字化包括采样和量化两个过程,对于缓变的图像,应该细量化,粗采样,以避免假轮廓;对于细节丰富的图像,应该细采样,粗量化,以避免模糊。

2、简述三基色原理。

⑴自然界中的绝大部分彩色,都可以由三种基色按一定比例混合得到;反之,任意一种彩色均可被分解为三种基色。

⑵作为基色的三种彩色,要相互独立,即其中任何一种基色都不能由另外两种基色混合来产生。

⑶由三基色混合而得到的彩色光的亮度等于参与混合的各基色的亮度之和。

⑷三基色的比例决定了混合色的色调和色饱和度。

3、简述奈奎斯特取样定理的意义。

要从抽样信号中无失真地恢复原信号,抽样频率应大于2倍信号最高截至频率。

抽样频率小于2倍频谱最高频率时,信号的频谱有混叠。

抽样频率大于2倍频谱最高频率时,信号的频谱无混叠。

4、简述傅里叶变换频谱的分布特点与意义。

1、从分布上看,频谱中心处于屏幕中心,从中心向四周呈辐射状分布;离中心越远,频率越高,能量越小;2、中心点即直流分量点对应着图像的平均亮度;低频区域对应图像的实体细节;高频区域对应图像的边缘轮廓。

5、简述图像噪声分类与特点。

椒盐噪声的特征:出现位置是随机的,但噪声的幅值是基本相同的。

高斯噪声的特征:出现在位置是一定的(每一点上),但噪声的幅值是随机的。

6、简述灰度直方图的概念与特点。

灰度直方图是灰度级的函数,描述的是图像中该灰度级的像素个数。

即:横坐标表示灰度级,纵坐标表示图像中该灰度级出现的个数。

特点:(1)所有的空间信息全部丢失。

(2)每一灰度级的像素个数可直接得到。

7、简述直方图均衡与直方图规格化的概念。

直方图均衡方法的基本思想是对在图像中像素个数多的灰度级进行展宽,而对像素个数少的灰度级进行缩减。

从而达到清晰图像的目的。

用以改变图像整体偏暗或整体偏亮,灰度层次不丰富的情况,将直方图的分布变成均匀分布直方图规格化:把已知直方图的图像变成期望直方图图像的过程8、列举图像平滑的主要代表算法,简述其处理原理与处理效果。

《数字图像处理》大作业

《数字图像处理》大作业

1. 图像处理与计算机图形学的区别与联系是什么?答:数字图像处理,是指有计算机及其它有关的数字技术,对图像施加某种运算和处理,从而达到某种预期的目的,而计算机图形学是研究采用计算机生成,处理和显示图形的一门科学。

两者区别:(1)研究对象不同,计算机图形学研究的研究对象是能在人的视觉系统中产生视觉印象的事物,包括自然景物,拍摄的图片,用数学方法描述的图形等,而数字图像处理研究对象是图像;(2)研究内容不同,计算机图像学研究内容为图像生成,透视,消阴等,而数字图像处理研究内容为图像处理,图像分割,图像透析等;(3)研究过程不同,计算机图像学是由数学公式生成仿真图形或图像,而数字图像处理是由原始图像处理出分析结果,计算机图形与图像处理是逆过程。

两者的联系:图像处理需图形学的交互手段,图形学需要图像处理合成图像,两者有重叠。

2. 图像数字化过程中的失真有那些原因?就在减少图像失真和减少图像的数据量两者之间如何取得平衡,谈谈个人的看法。

答:图像数字化过程中失真的原因主要来自三个方面:一.采样频率太低,即未满足采样定理而造成的失真;二.外部和内部噪声的影响,例如外部的电磁波、机械运动等;三.用有限个灰度值表示自然界无限连续的灰度值必然造成失真,为了减小失真必然增加采样点,即增加图像数据量。

在减少图像失真和减少图像的数据量两者之间取得平衡,要根据图像需求保留有用信息,如军事图像只需保留反应地形地貌及目标的信息,普通照片只需满足视觉要求即可。

3. 一幅模拟彩色图像经平板扫描仪扫描后获得一幅彩色数字图像,其分辨率为1024×768像素。

若采用RGB彩色空间,红、绿、蓝三基色的灰度等级为8比特,在无压缩的情况下,在计算机中存储该图像将占用多少比特的存储空间?当用Photoshop图像处理软件去掉图像的彩色信息,只留下灰度信息,灰度等级为4比特,在无压缩的情况下,存储该图像将占用多少字节的存储空间?答:(1)采用RGB彩色空间,红、绿、蓝三基色的灰度等级为8比特,在无压缩的情况下,占存储空间大小为:1024×768×8×3=18874268bit=2.25MB(2)去掉彩色信息,只留下灰度信息,灰度等级为4比特,在无压缩的情况下,所占的存储空间大小为:1024×768×4 =3145728bit=0.375MB4. 试设计一个程序实现nn 的中值滤波器,当模板中心移过图像中每个位置时,设计一种简便的中值更新方法。

尹其畅 数字图像处理大作业

尹其畅 数字图像处理大作业

《数字图像处理》大作业——车牌识别(车牌定位和字符分割部分)学院:电子与控制工程学院专业:交通信息工程及控制学号:****************任课教师:***车牌识别系统1 车牌识别系统1.1车牌识别系统的概述目前随着科技和经济的日益发展,智能交通系统在世界范围内引起重视,我国已经将其列入科技计划重点实施。

智能交通系统是交通发展的必然趋势,而车牌识别系统是智能交通系统中的重要组成部分。

该系统可以记录十字路口违章车辆,实现高速公路,收费路口,停车场等地的收费。

既减少了人力,又节约了时间,还提高了效率。

车牌识别系统的主要任务是分析和处理摄取到的复杂背景下的车辆图像,定位分割牌照,最后自动识别汽车牌照上的字符,LPR是利用车辆牌照的唯一性来识别和统计车辆,它是以数字图像处理、模式识别、计算机视觉等技术为基础的智能识别系统。

在现代化交通发展中车牌识别系统是制约交通系统智能化、现代化的重要因素,LPR系统应该能够从一幅图像中自动提取车辆图像,自动分割牌照图像,对字符进行正确识别,从而降低交通管理工作的复杂度。

车牌字符识别的实质是对车牌上的汉字、字母和数字进行快速准确的识别并以字符串的形式输出识别结果,字符识别技术是整个车牌识别系统的关键。

车牌识别系统与其它图像识别系统相比较而言要复杂的多,在字符识别中,汉字识别是最难也是最关键的部分,很多国外较为成熟的车牌识别系统无法进入中国市场的原因就在于无法有效的识别汉字。

1.2车牌识别系统的结构和工作原理车牌识别技术的任务是处理、分析摄取的车辆图像,实现车牌号码的自动识别。

典型的车辆牌照识别系统是由图像采集系统、中央处理器、识别系统组成,一般还要连接相应的数据库以完成特定的功能。

当系统发现(通过埋地线圈或者光束检测)有车通过时,则发出信号给图像采集系统,然后采集系统将得到的图像输入识别系统进行识别,其识别结果应该是文本格式的车牌号码。

图1.1 车牌识别系统原理图车牌整体识别过程大体可分为四个步骤:图像预处理、车牌定位和分割、车牌字符分割和车牌字符识别。

数字图像处理大作业

数字图像处理大作业

姓名: 学号:专业: 通信工程 科目:数字图像处理日期:2014年6月5日数字图像处理课程设计低通滤波器滤去灰度图片的椒盐噪声一、数字图像处理的简介数字图像处理(Digital Image Processing)是通过计算机对图像进行去除噪声、增强、复原、分割、提取特征等处理的方法和技术。

数字图像处理的产生和迅速发展主要受三个因素的影响:一是计算机的发展;二是数学的发展(特别是离散数学理论的创立和完善);三是广泛的农牧业、林业、环境、军事、工业和医学等方面的应用需求的增长。

二、数字图像处理的发展概况1920年代的Bartlane 电缆图片传输系统(无计算机时代)1960年代的空间探测器发回的图像畸变校正系统(计算机技术引入到空间项目的开发当中)1970年代的计算机断层扫描图像重建技术三、题目要求设计一个低通滤波器,给一幅有椒盐噪声的灰度图像滤波。

按照题目的要求,简要介绍算法,并对算法进行分析。

用MATLAB 完成算法代码(不能利用MATLAB 自身的图像处理函数完成具体算法,读写和显示可以利用MATLAB 函数),注释要清晰。

给出代码运行的结果,并对结论进行总结。

四、关于图像强化和数字滤波器的基础知识1、频率域图像增强技术简介频率域图像增强时增强技术的重要组成部分,通过傅里叶变换,可以把空间域混叠的成分在频率域中分离出来,从而提取或滤去相应的图像成分。

这一过程中的核心基础即为傅里叶变换。

二维离散傅里叶变换定义为:N vy ux j N x N y e x f N v u F /)(2101)(1),(+--=-=∑∑=π,式中,1,,2,1,0;1,,2,1,0-=-=N v N u 。

二维离散傅里叶反变换:Nvy ux j N u N v ev u F Ny x f /)(2101),(1),(+-=-=∑∑=π,式中,1,,1,0,1,,1,0-=-=N y N x 。

2、频率域平滑滤波器图像空间域的线性领域卷积实际上是图像经过滤波器对信号频率成分的滤波,这种功能也可以再变换域实现,即把原始图像进行正变换,设计一个滤波器用点数操作的方法加工频谱数据,然后再进行反变换,即完成处理工作。

数字图像处理复习要点总结

数字图像处理复习要点总结

数字图像处理复习要点总结1、离散的图像信息的熵:一幅图像如果有,,,…,共q 中幅度值,1s 2s 3s q s 并且出现的概率分别为,,,…,,那么每一种幅度值所具有的1P 2P 3P q P 信息量分别为,,,…,。

其平均信息1(log 12P 1(log 22P 1(log 32P )1(log 2qP 量即为熵,记为H 。

∑∑==-==q i i i qi i i P P P P H 1212log 1log 2、图像处理系统中常用的输入设备:(1)电视摄像机:摄像器件把输入的二维辐射(光学图像)信息转换为适宜处理和传输的电信号,然后经荧屏显示。

(2)飞点扫描设备:在水平和垂直两个偏转电路的控制下,CRT 的光点通过透镜光学系统在画面上逐行逐点依次扫描,与图像上亮度相对应的反射光由光电倍增管接受并转换为成比例的电流信号,经放大和A/D 变换,送计算机处理。

(3)鼓形扫描器:照片或负片安放在鼓形滚筒上,由光线照射或从内部光源透射在图像上,再由光线系统收集后送至光电倍增管,变换成电信号,经放大后送至A/D 变换器,再经高速数据接口送入计算机。

(4)微密度计:一种平台机械扫描式的光电转换图像输入设备,使用计算机控制旋转被测样片的平台,作x ,y 方向运动,可形成逐行扫描、螺旋扫描、随机扫描及跟踪扫描。

(5)其它图像输入设备:光敏二极管矩阵图像信息传感器、激光扫描器和图像位置检出器等。

3、三基色混色及色度表示原理(1)相加混色(彩色电视机)和相减混色(彩色电影、幻灯片、绘画原料);(2)相加、相减混色区别:一、相加混色是由发光体发出的光相加而产生各种颜色,而相减混色是先有白色光,尔后从中减去某些成分(吸收)得到各种颜色;二、相加混色的三基色是红、绿、蓝,而相减混色的三基色是黄、青、紫,也就是说相加混色的补色就是相减混色的基色。

(3)格拉斯曼定律:一、所有颜色都可以用互相独立的三基色混合得到;二、假如三基色的混合比例相等,则色调和色饱和度也相等;三、任意两种颜色相混合产生的新颜色与采用三基色分别合成这两种颜色的各自成分混合起来得到的结果相等;四、混合色的光亮度是原来各分量光亮度的总和。

数字图像处理处理大作业实验报告

数字图像处理处理大作业实验报告

数字图像处理处理大作业实验报告数字图像处理处理大作业实验报告PB11210***上上签MyZenith.N_3104_EVER实验一题目:线性插值改变图像大小实验目的:1、使用MATLAB编程实现对图片大小的改变操作,使所给图片达到所要求的效果。

2、通过对MATLAB的编程加强对图像处理的认识,初步学习MATLAB在图像处理中的基本应用实验内容:在这一项目中,同学们需要实现基于双线性插值的图像缩放算法。

作业中需实现如下功能:(a) 能够利用鼠标从实验图像中任意选取测试区域,并单独显示。

(b) 使用双线性插值算法对测试区域进行缩放处理,输出如下结果,放大到原始分辨率的2倍,放大到原始分辨率的4倍,缩小到原始分辨率的1/2倍。

实验原理:图像某点的值由最邻近的四个点联立方程决定。

实验代码:1、在主函数中,使用switch函数分别调用子函数,并且之前选择需要放大或者缩小的倍数。

代码如下:2、 choice=('Yes');3、4、5、6、7、8、while (minus(choice,('Yes'))==0) clear;close;F=imread('monarch.bmp'); I=imcrop(F); BR=I(:,:,1); BG=I(:,:,2); BB=I(:,:,3); [rows,cols]=size(BR);K = sqrt(str2double(inputdlg('·?±???', 'INPUT scalefactor', 1, {'2'})));9、 width = K * rows;10、 height = K * cols;11、12、13、14、 widthScale = rows/width;15、 heightScale = cols/height;16、17、 for x = 1:width-2for y = 1:height-218、 X = x * widthScale;Y = y * heightScale;19、20、 if (X/double(uint16(X)) == 1.0) && (Y/double(uint16(Y)) == 1.0) 21、 dstBR(x,y) = BR(int16(X),int16(Y));dstBG(x,y) = BG(int16(X),int16(Y));22、 dstBB(x,y) = BB(int16(X),int16(Y)); 23、 else24、 a = double(uint16(X));25、 b = double(uint16(Y));26、27、28、29、30、BRx11 = double(BR(a,b)); BRx12 = double(BR(a,b+1)); BRx21 = double(BR(a+1,b)); BRx22 = double(BR(a+1,b+1));31、32、 BGx11 = double(BG(a,b));33、 BGx12 = double(BG(a,b+1));34、 BGx21 = double(BG(a+1,b));35、 BGx22 = double(BG(a+1,b+1));36、37、38、39、40、BBx11 = double(BB(a,b)); BBx12 = double(BB(a,b+1)); BBx21 = double(BB(a+1,b)); BBx22 = double(BB(a+1,b+1));41、42、 w1 = (b+1-Y) * (a+1-X); 43、 w2 = (Y-b) * (a+1-X);w3 = (b+1-Y) * (X-a);44、 w4 = (Y-b) * (X-a); 45、 dstBR(x,y) = uint8( BRx11 * w1 + BRx12 * w2 + BRx21* w3 + BRx22 * w4 );46、 dstBG(x,y) = uint8( BGx11 * w1 + BGx12 * w2 + BGx21* w3 + BGx22 * w4 );47、 dstBB(x,y) = uint8( BBx11 * w1 + BBx12 * w2 + BBx21* w3 + BBx22 * w4 );48、 end49、 end50、 end51、52、53、54、55、56、57、OUT(:,:,1)=dstBR; OUT(:,:,2)=dstBG; OUT(:,:,3)=dstBB;imshow(I); figure; imshow(OUT);58、59、60、61、62、options.Interpreter = 'tex'; options.Default = 'Cancel'; choice = questdlg('??·','????','Yes','No',options); end实验结果:1、选择缩放倍数:2、所选择的图像源文件如下:3、用鼠标标定所需要进行缩放的区域:4、程序正常运行后缩放效果:4倍放大5、程序正常运行后缩放效果:2倍放大6、程序正常运行后的缩放效果:缩小一倍实验二题目:高斯滤波及中值滤波处理人为添加的椒盐噪声和高斯噪声实验目的:1、对所给定的图像使用MATLAB添加高斯噪声和椒盐噪声;2、再用MATLAB程序实现中值滤波和高斯滤波;3、计算所得到结果图像的PSNR,对它们进行分析与比较,从而理解各种滤波方法的优点与特性。

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数字图像处理实验报告
学院:信息学院
专业:电科1004班
姓名:
学号:
辅导老师:
完成日期: 2013年6月29日
空域图像增强
实验要求:
(1)选择若干图像(两幅以上),完成直方图均衡化。

(2)选择若干图像(两幅以上),对图像文件分别进行均值滤波、中值滤波和拉
普拉斯锐化滤波操作。

(3)添加噪声,重复上述过程观察处理结果。

实验原理:
(1)图像增强是图像处理的基本内容之一,图像增强是指按特定的需要突出一幅
图像中的某些信息,同时削弱或去除某些不需要信息的处理方法,其目的是使得处理后的图像对某种特定的应用,比原始图像更合适。

处理的结果使图像更适应于人的视觉特性或机器的识别系统。

图像增强主要可分为三类:频域图像增强方法、小波域图像增强方法、空域图像增强方法。

(2)空域图像增强主要包括:直方图均衡化、平滑滤波和锐化滤波等方法。

(3)直方图均衡化是图像处理领域中利用图像直方图对对比度进行调整的方法。

这种方法通常用来增加许多图像的局部对比度,尤其是当图像的有用数据的对比度相当接近的时候。

通过这种方法,亮度可以更好地在直方图上分布。

这样就可以用于增强局部的对比度而不影响整体的对比度,直方图均衡化通过有效地扩展常用的亮度来实现这种功能。

直方图均衡化的基本思想是把原始图的直方图变换为均匀分布的形式,这样就增加了象素灰度值的动态范围从而可达到增强图像整体对比度的效果。

(4)平滑滤波是低频增强的空间域滤波技术。

它的目的有两类:一类是模糊;另
一类是消除噪音。

空间域的平滑滤波一般采用简单平均法进行,就是求邻近像元点的平均亮度值。

(5)均值滤波是典型的线性滤波算法,它是指在图像上对目标像素给一个模板,
该模板包括了其周围的临近像素(以目标象素为中心的周围8个象素,构成一个滤波模板,即去掉目标象素本身)。

再用模板中的全体像素的平均值来代替原来像素值。

均值滤波也称为线性滤波,其采用的主要方法为邻域平均法。

线性滤波的基本原理是用均值代替原图像中的各个像素值,即对待处理的当前像素点(x,y),选择一个模板,该模板由其近邻的若干像素组成,求模板中所有像素的均值,再把该均值赋予当前像素点(x,y),作为处理后图像在该点上的灰度个g(x,y),即个g(x,y)=1/m ∑f(x,y) m为该模板中包含当前像素在内的像素总个数。

(6)中值滤波是基于排序统计理论的一种能有效抑制噪声的非线性信号处理技
术,中值滤波的基本原理是把数字图像或数字序列中一点的值用该点的一个邻域中各点值的中值代替,让周围的像素值接近的真实值,从而消除孤立的噪声点。

方法是用某种结构的二维滑动模板,将板内像素按照像素值的大小进行排序,生成单调上升(或下降)的为二维数据序列。

二维中值滤波输出为g(x,y)=med{f(x-k,y-l),(k,l∈W)} ,其中,f(x,y),g(x,y)分别为原始图像和处理后图像。

W为二维模板,通常为2*2,3*3区域,也可以是不同的的形状,如线状,圆形,十字形,圆环形等。

(7)拉式算子是一个刻画图像灰度的二阶商算子,它是点、线、边界提取算子,
亦称为边界提取算子。

通常图像和对他实施拉式算子后的结果组合后产生一个锐化图像。

拉式算子用来改善因扩散效应的模糊特别有效,因为它符合降制模型。

拉普拉斯算子也是最简单的各向同性微分算子,具有旋转不变性。

一个二维
图像函数的拉普拉斯变换是各向同性的二阶导数,定义为:
为了更适合于数字图像处理,将拉式算子表示为离散形式:
另外,拉普拉斯算子还可以表示成模板的形式,如下图(1)所示,为离散拉普拉 斯算子的模板,图(2)表示其扩展模板。

010141010⎡⎤⎢⎥-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦
111181111⎡⎤⎢⎥-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦ 图(1) 图(2)
从模板形式容易看出,如果在图像中一个较暗的区域中出现了一个亮点,那么用 拉普拉斯运算就会使这个亮点变得更亮。

因为图像中的边缘就是那些灰度发生跳 变的区域,所以拉普拉斯锐化模板在边缘检测中很有用。

一般增强技术对于陡峭 的边缘和缓慢变化的边缘很难确定其边缘线的位置。

但此算子却可用二次微分正 峰和负峰之间的过零点来确定,对孤立点或端点更为敏感,因此特别适用于以突 出图像中的孤立点、孤立线或线端点为目的的场合。

同梯度算子一样,拉普拉斯 算子也会增强图像中的噪声,有时用拉普拉斯算子进行边缘检测时,可将图像先 进行平滑处理。

实验步骤及结果:
1.图像的直方图均衡化
clear all; close all %清除窗口
I = imread('pout.tif'); %读入图像
imshow(I) %显示原图像
figure, imhist(I) %获取图像数据直方图
[I2,T] = histeq(I); %将原始图像I 的直方图变成用户指定的向量
figure, imshow(I2) % Display the new equalized image, I2, in a new figure window.
figure, imhist(I2) % Create a histogram of the equalized image I2.
figure,plot((0:255)/255,T); % plot the transformation curve.
imwrite (I2, '图像2.png'); % Write the newly adjusted image I2 to a disk file named
% ‘图像2.png’.
imfinfo('图像2.png') % Check the contents of the newly written
file
2.图像的均值滤波
I=imread('D:\2.jpg ');
subplot(2,3,1),imshow(I),title('原始图像');
I=rgb2gray(I);
I1=imnoise(I,'gaussian',0,0.005);
subplot(2,3,2),imshow(I1),title(' 添加高斯噪声的图像');
k1=filter2(fspecial('average',3),I1)/255; %进行3*3模板平滑滤波k2=filter2(fspecial('average',5),I1)/255; %进行5*5模板平滑滤波k3=filter2(fspecial('average',7),I1)/255; %进行7*7模板平滑滤波k4=filter2(fspecial('average',9),I1)/255; %进行9*9模板平滑滤波subplot(2,3,3),imshow(k1);title('3*3 模板平滑滤波');
subplot(2,3,4),imshow(k2);title('5*5 模板平滑滤波');
subplot(2,3,5),imshow(k3);title('7*7 模板平滑滤波');
subplot(2,3,6),imshow(k4);title('9*9 模板平滑滤波');
3.图像的中值滤波
I=imread('NBA.jpg ');
I=rgb2gray(I);
J=imnoise(I,'salt & pepper',0.02);
subplot(2,3,1),imshow(I);title('原图像');
subplot(2,3,2),imshow(J);title('添加椒盐噪声图像');
k1=medfilt2(J); %进行3*3模板中值滤波k2=medfilt2(J,[5,5]); %进行5*5模板中值滤波
k3=medfilt2(J,[7,7]); %进行7*7模板中值滤波
k4=medfilt2(J,[9,9]); %进行9*9模板中值滤波
subplot(2,3,3),imshow(k1);title('3*3模板中值滤波'); subplot(2,3,4),imshow(k2);title('5*5模板中值滤波'); subplot(2,3,5),imshow(k3);title('7*7模板中值滤波'); subplot(2,3,6),imshow(k4);title('9*9 模板中值滤波');
4.图像的拉普拉斯锐化滤波
[I,map]=imread('D:\7.jpg');
imshow(I,map);title('原始图像');
I=double(I);
[Gx,Gy]=gradient(I); % 计算梯度
G=sqrt(Gx.*Gx+Gy.*Gy); % 注意是矩阵点乘
J=I;
K=find(G<=7);
J(K)=0;
Q=find(G>=7);
J(Q)=255;
figure,imshow(J,map); title('锐化后图像');
原始图像
锐化后图像
原始图像
锐化后图像。

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