定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句

1. The reason is to ask you whether you have got my e-mail. I’m calling you for a reason. 我打电话给你的原因是询问你是否已收到了我的邮件。 The reason why I’m calling you is to ask you whether you have got my e-mail. 2. Do you know the reason? He can’t join in the family gathering again for a reason. 你知道他又不能参加家庭聚会的理由吗？ Do you know the reason why he can’t join in the family gathering again? 注意区分reason引导的同位语从句： (He will be engaged in business entertainment at that time.) 他又不能参加家庭聚会的理由是他那时要忙着工作应酬。 He can’t join in the family gathering again for the reason that he will be engaged in business entertainment at that time. 关系副词why引导定语从句，修饰的是表示原因的名词reason, 关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语。
4. 当关系代词出现在以who或which开头的特殊 疑问句中，为避免重复，用that引导定语从句。 e.g. Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English? 试翻译：哪一部是你推荐我看的电影？ Which is the movie that you recommended to me?
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1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句。一 2. 3.
4. 5.
般紧跟在先行词后面。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词。有关系代 词和关系副词两种类型。它们的作用是引导 定语从句，代替先行词，并在定语从句中担 当一个句子成分。 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 关系副词：when, where, why
物的定语从句。
1. Rescuers built shelters for the survivors.
The survivors’ homes had been destroyed in the earthquake. Rescuers built shelters for the survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 2. The door of the classroom is broken. The classroom will be repaired soon. The classroom whose door is broken will be repaired soon.
关系代词whose表示“谁的”，可以指代人或物 的，故可引导先行词为人或物的定语从句。
综上，引导定语从句时，关系代词who/ whom只能 指人，which只能指物，但that既可以指人，也可 以指物。 但在一些特殊情况中，定语从句只能用that, 而不能 用which或who/ whom： 1. 当先行词为不定代词any-, some-, every-, no-, all, much, little等， 关系代词只能用that. e.g. All that glitters is not gold. She told me everything (that) she knew. 试翻译：一人之力虽不足道，如果团结起来，我们 还能为拯救环境保护地球做很多。 Little difference as one can make, there is much _________________________________________ if we’re united.
e.g. I returned to the city ________ I visited last year. I returned to the city ________ I grew up.
I will never forget the days ________ we spent together. I will never forget the days ________ we worked together.
的定语从句。
1. The man is Dr. Li.
You were talking about the man just now. The man (whom) you were talking about just now is Dr. Li. 2. He is a paper-cutting artist. I interviewed the artist for my article on China Daily. He is a paper-cutting artist (whom) I interviewed for my article on China Daily.
翻译句子，找出其中的定语部分，如果有定语从 句，指出先行词和关系代词。 e.g. She drives a new car. She drives a car that her father gives her as a birthday present. Due to the changeable weather, Wuhan is a city where you can experience four seasons in a day.
关系代词whom指人，引导先行词是人的定语从 句，并且在从句中做宾语，故可以省略。
1. Much attention has been paid to the Marathon.
The Marathon will start from the River Beach in Hankou. Much attention has been paid to the Marathon which/ that will start from the River Beach in Hankou. 2. Jogging is a habit. It helps shape your body. Jogging is a habit which/ that helps shape your body. 关系代词which, that都可以指物， 引导先行词为
ago? 2. We went through a period when communications were very difficult in the rural areas. 3. My father explained the reason why he scolded me. 4. I made a list of the people. I had received donations from them. 我列了一张名单，列出我收到过捐赠的人。 I made a list of the people from whom I had received donations.
1. The boys are playing football.
The boys are from Class One. The boys who/ that are playing foot ball are from Class One. 2. The TV organizers planed to invite some musicians. The musicians could act as well as sing. The TV organizers planed to invite some musicians who/ that could act as well as sing. 关系代词who, that都可以指人，引导先行词为人
2. 当先行词有形容词最高级、序数词或限定词 the only, the every, all, every, any, some, no等修 饰时，关系代词一般用that. e.g. Australia is the only country that is also a continent. 试翻译：这是我读过最好的一部小说。 This is the best novel that I have ever read. 3. 当先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that. e.g. 他们谈论了记忆中学校里的人和事。 They talked about things and people that they remembered in school.
关系副词when在定语从句中做时间状语，定语从句 修饰的是表示时间的名词。
1. Ancient China was a place.
States were often at war with each other in the place. Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. 2. What are the situations? Body language is the only form of communication in the situations. What are the situations where body language is the only form of communication? 关系副词where引导定语从句时，在从句中做地点状
1. 关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句，
根据具体句意都可以转化为“介词+关系代 词”。 2. “介词+which”引导定语从句，修饰指物的先 行词； 3. “介词+who/ whom”引导定语从句，修饰指 人的先行词 4. that前不能接介词。
1. Is this the school where you studied ten years
语，定语从句修饰的是表示地点的词，也可以是 表抽象空间概念的名词，如case, situation, position, stage, point等。
注意：选择正确的关系词，关键在于搞清楚关 系词在定语从句中充当什么成分。关系词在从
句中做主语或宾语时，应该用关系代词；关系 词在从句中做状语时，应该用关系副词。
注意：定语从句中的主谓一致：关系代词在从 句中做主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复 数由先行词决定。 e.g. There are at least two terms of scientists that ____ trying to clone humans. Every student who ____ studying English should have an English-Chinese dictionary.
1. It is a time.
In the time there are many innovations changing our life. It is a time when there are many innovations changing our life 2. Occasions are quite rare. On these occasions, I have the time to spend a whole day with my kids. Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a whole day with my kids.