名词性从句whoever与no matter who有何区别

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whoever与no matter who有何区别

有这样一道题:

I will give the ticket to __________ wants it.

A. whoever

B. no matter who

C. whatever

D. no matter what

此题应选 A。容易误选B。选项C,D都是错的,因为从句意上看,“想要票的”应

该是“人”(whoever)而不能是“东西”(whatever)。至于为什么选 whoever 而不选no matter who,这要从它们在句中引导的成分说起:

no matter who通常只能引导状语从句,而不能引导名词性从句。而 whoever 既可引导

名词性从句(= anyone that)也可引导状语从句(=no matter who):

如何理解宾语从句的时态呼应

理解宾语从句的时态响应,应注意以下几种情况:

1. 无需呼应的情况:若主句谓语动词的时态为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的谓语动词

可根据句意的需要使用任何所需要的时态。如:

He knows where they live. 他知道他们住哪里。

No one knows where he was born. 没有人知道他出生于何地。

Tom says that he’ll never get married. 汤姆说他永远不结婚。

2. 主句为过去时的情况:若主句谓语动词为过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词应用相应的

过去时态。如:

She asked me if I’d slept well. 她问我睡得好不好。

I didn’t know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。

He said he was going to accompany her home. 他说他将陪她回家。

当主句谓语动词为过去时,即使宾语从句所表示的时间是现在,通常也用过去时。如:Oh! I didn’t know you were here. 啊! 我不知道你在这里。(you were here指说话的当时)

Hello! I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here? 你好! 我不知道你

在伦敦。你来这里多久了? (you were in London其实是指说话的当时)

当然,为避免误会,我们也可以直接使用现在时态或将来时态来表示现在或将来要发

生的情况,而无需考虑与主句谓语的过去时相呼应。如:

She said she’ll be back tonight. 她说她今晚回来。

He said that the meeting is Tuesday. 他说会议于星期二举行。

3. 从句为客观真理的情况:当宾语从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实,可以不受时态

呼应的限制,即使主句谓语动词为过去时,从句仍用一般现在时。如(www.yygrammar.co m):

The teacher told the students that light travels faster than sound. 老师告诉学生,光的速度

比声速快。

When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我们还是小孩子的时候,人们就告诉我们说中国在世界的东方。

关于引导宾语从句that的省略问题

在通常情况下,引导宾语从句的连词that 是可以省略的。如:

I know (that) she is under thirty. 我知道她不到三十岁。

I think (that) Diana will pass the exam. 我想戴安娜考试会及格的。

She says (that) she is coming to London next week. 她说她下周要来伦敦。

但在以下几种特殊情况,引导宾语从句的连词that 不能省略:

1. 当为了强调把that引导的宾语从句可位于句首时,that不能省略。如:

That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘,我是知道的。

That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

2. 当that从句与动词被其他词或从句隔开时,that一般不宜省略,以免造成语义混乱。如:

They told us once again that the situation was serious.他们又一次告诉我们说形势是严重的。

The dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that I could have the mo ney without delay. 那个商人告诉我他准备出多少钱买我的汽车,并说我会立即收到款。

3. 当两个或多个that引导的宾语从句并列使用时,即使省略了第一个从句的引导词tha t,后面的that也不可省略。如:

He said (that) he couldn’t tell you right away and that you wouldn’t understand. 他说他不能

马上告诉你,你是不会理解的。()

He said (that) it wasn’t his business and that the government should do something about it. 他说这不关他的事,而是政府应该对这事想点办法。

4当主句与宾语从句之间插有其他成分时引导宾语从句的that通常不能省略。如。如:

◆她答应要是谁找到他的儿子,她会给他一大笔钱。

正:She promised (that) she would give him a lot of money if anyone found her son.

正:She promised that if anyone found her son she would give him a lot of money

误:She promised if anyone found her son she would give him a lot of money

◆他说等他妻子回来,他就离开。

这个宾语从句用who还是whoever引导

有这样一道题,这个宾语从句该用什么来引导?who 还是 whoever?

I won’t go there alone, and I’ll take _________ wants to go.

A. anyone

B. who

C. whoever

D. what

【分析】此题应选C,容易误选A或B,误选的原因主要是直接按中文意思套译,即将其译为“我不会一个人去,谁想去我就带谁去”。当然若将A, B两项合起来(即anyone who)则也正确。选项 C(whoever) 引导一个宾语从句,用作 take 的宾语。同样地,请看以下类似试题:

(1) _________ comes is welcome.

A. Anyone

B. Who

C. Anyone who

D. Everyone

【分析】此题很容易误选A,因为从汉语意思来分析,可理解为“任何人来都是欢迎的”,但若选A,此句的结构是混乱的,句中有两个谓语动词comes 和is,但却只是一个句子。

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