不定代词讲义

（六）不定代词

意义：不指明任何特定名词或形容词的代词。

1.不定代词汇集

（1）some, many, much, little（几乎没有，很少），a little（一点儿），few（几乎没有，很少），a few（一些，少数几个），any（任何的，任何）all（所有），another（另一个）,both（都是），each（每个），either（任一个）, neither（两者都不）, none（什么都没有），no（没有），every（每个），other （其他），one一个（人或物）。

功能：相当于名词和形容词（主、宾、定、表）；其中every, no 只能作宾语。

（2）合成词：

something（某物sth.）anything（任何事）nothing（没有东西，没有事情）everything（每件事）somebody（某人sb.）anybody（任何人）nobody（无人）everybody（每个人）someone（某人）anyone（任何人）no one（无人）everyone（每个人）功能：相当于名词（主、宾、表）

2.some, any

some, any作为形容词使用时既可修饰可数名词复数，也可修饰不可数名词。

some多用于肯定句，any则多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。（注：此条适用于someone, anyone, something, anything, somebody, anybody）

e.g. A: Are there any apples in the fridge?

B: Yes, there are some. / No, there aren’t any.

A: Is there any water in the bottle?

B: Yes, there is some water. / No, there isn’t any water.

当疑问句表示说话者期望对方能做出肯定回答或鼓励对方给与一个肯定的回答，此时要用some，而不用any.

e.g. Would you like some tea?（考点）

Why don’t you have some mooncakes?

Can I borrow some of your books?

Would you like something to drink?

比较：any或带有any的合成不定代词用于肯定句的例子

Anyone can do that. 任何人都能做这件事。

He promised that he would do anything for her.他承诺愿意为她做任何事。

3.many, much, a lot of “很多”

many 只修饰可数名词复数

much只修饰不可数名词

a lot of 既可修饰可数名词复数，又可修饰不可数名词

4.few, a few; little, a little

few, a few是一对反义词，修饰可数名词复数；

little, a little是一对反义词，修饰不可数名词。

few, little的意思是“很少，几乎没有”，侧重“否定”的含义

a few, a little的意思是“一些”，侧重“肯定”的含义；

e.g. Don’t worry, there is a little time to go. 别担心，还有一点时间。（肯定句）

We took quite a few photos there. 我们在那拍了一些照片。（肯定句）

Few people know what happened. 几乎没有人知道发生了什么。（相当于否定句，可以结合语法点“反义疑问句”一起看）

There is now little hope of success.现在几乎没有成功的希望了。（相当于否定句）

5.关于合成不定代词需要注意以下几点；

（1）合成不定代词something, everything, somebody…作主语时，都作单数看待，其谓语动词用第三人称形式。

e.g. Something is wrong with my watch.= There is something wrong with my watch.

Everyone wants to win.

Nobody knows what’s going to happen.

(2)合成不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后。

e.g. Did anyone see something good at the cinema?有人在电影院看到什么好电影吗？(good为定语修饰something)

For lunch, we had something very special.我们中午餐吃了很特别的东西。（very special为定语修饰something）

Do you have anything to say? 你有什么吃的东西吗？(to say动词不定式为定语修饰anything)

（3）合成不定代词一般都不可以与of短语连用。

比较：Any of my relatives knows about Picasso. 正确

Anyone of my relatives knows about Picasso. 错误

None of the answers is/are right. 这些答案中没有一个对的。正确

No one of the answers is/are right. 错误

合成不定代词课堂练习：

一、单项选择

( ) 1. I’m hungry. I want ______ to eat.

A. anything

B. something

C. everything

D. nothing

( ) 2. —Do you have ______ to say for yourself? —No, I have ______ to say.

A. something; everything

B. nothing; something

C. everything; anything

D. anything; nothing

( ) 3. Why not ask ______ to help you?

A. everyone

B. someone

C. anyone

D. none

( ) 4. Everything ______ ready. We can start now.

A. are

B. is

C. be

D. were

( ) 5. Th ere’s ______ with his eyes. He’s OK.

A. anything wrong

B. wrong something

C. nothing wrong

D. wrong nothing ( ) 6. —The story is so amazing! It’s the most interesting story I’ve ever read.

—But I’m afraid it won’t be liked by ______.

A. everybody

B. somebody

C. anybody

D. nobody

( ) 7. She listened carefully, but heard ______.

A. anyone

B. someone

C. everyone

D. nothing

( ) 8. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.

A. everything

B. anything

C. something

D. nothing

( ) 9. —Everyone is here today, ______? —No, Han Mei isn’t here. She’s ill.

A. isn’t it

B. isn’t he

C. are they

D. isn’t everyone