补全短文与完形填空讲义

补全短文
❖1、此题型最难，没有一种答题方法能有好的得高分的手段，但2到4分还是容易的。

最长的答案和F答案是99%的正确率。

（不能说100%，习题中就出现过F和最长的答案落选的情况）。

❖2、但是此题是仅次于阅读理解的高分题，好多人丢了心有不甘，但是你想过没有，我们职称英语是一种过关考试，只要60分就能过关，100分与60分没有任何区别，。

❖3、。

❖4、从出题的角度分析，出题者是从文章中抽出几句话，我们再把它反回到文章中去，就一定留下线索让我们能按按图索骥，反回原文，不这样就失去了出题的意义。

补全短文蒙题技巧
一、看标题，定文体
文章的主要分类：记叙文、说明文、议论文
其中记叙文主要涉及的因素是：时间、地点、人物、事件
当文章中有数字年代的，可按其顺序先后进行选择；也可以人物为线索；
说明文和议论文都有说明和议论的中心、主题，一般位于文章段落的首句后面的题目都会围绕文章段落的主题进行阐述和说明的
二、阅读选项A 到F．接着看A 到F．抓主干、猜大意、弄清是什么东西
蒙题技巧；
1、当文章中有but或者however ．则它们前后一定有表达的是截然相反的意思；
2、如果选项中出现了。

3、如果在选项中出现。

4、选项的主语如果是。

5、选项的主语如果是代词, 它会是空格前句话主语的指代. 选项中如果出现l 或we ，文章有不是
以第一人称进行写作时．它只能出现在引号句中
6、英语的基本句型只有三个：
7、如选项中出现
8、如文章中有why出现，
9、做题时先看空格前一句，后
10、选项的宾语或表语如果是名词或名词短语―
11、数字
12、看选项前后
❖小词帮你出大力，时态帮你理顺序．标点解决大问题．
❖小词－also －只有结构相同时才管用
❖时态帮你理顺序：如果整篇文章是用过去时进行写作时，选项中如果出现了一般现在时．它只能放在以下位置：
❖(1)
❖(2)
❖(3)
❖标点解决大问题
❖( 1 ）
❖( 2 ）
❖第一要抓
❖第二要抓选项
三、补全短文常用连词
1.结构词(连接词，介词等)
1) 并列递进
and 和;又;及
either ...or…或者…或者…
neither…nor…既不…也不…
besides 在…旁边;除了
in addition 另外
still then 就在那时
also 也such as…象…一样
in other words 换句话说
as well 也，此外
likewise 也，而且
this means 这意味着
not only…but also 不但…而且the same …as 和…一样similar 相似的
like 象…
such 如此
even 甚至，更
furthermore 更
2) 转折
but 但是
however 但是
though 尽管
although 尽管
whereas 然而
while/ nevertheless 然而not …but 不是…而是
despite 不管
in spite of 不管
unlike 不象
unfortunately 不幸地
on the other hand 另一方面instead (of ) 代替
rather (than) 不是…而是
conversely 相反地
unless 除非
no matter how/ what/ where /who无论怎样/什么/在哪里/谁
3) 比较
while 然而
on the contrary to 相反地
in contrast 相反
prefer A to B 宁愿选A而不选B the more…the more 越…越…
as …as 和…一样
not so / as …as 不和…一样
more /less than 多/少于inferior to 比…低级(次)
superior to 比…高级(好)
4) 原因
because (of ) 因为，由于
as 因为，由于since 因为
as a result of 因为，由于due to 由于
for the reason 因为，由于
thanks to 由于
5) 结果
as a result 结果…
so 因此Consequently 结果
so (such) …that 如此…以至于Thus, therefore 因此
6) 列举
first(ly) 首先
second(ly) 其次
third(ly) 再次finally 最后
one factor (problem, means, feature) 一个因素(问题，方法，特色) another…另一个…
the most …最…的
The value of motherhood母性的价值
In shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying “ a gift to thank her for her unselfish love”. When you log onto1 a website, a small popo-up2 invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May.
_____(1)__A___. The popularity of Mother’s Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact, she got more-enough to make her horrified.
_____(2)__D___. They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother’s Day is the No 1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder, that take advantage of the promotion opportunities, Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother’s Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother’s Day even got her arrested-for disturbing the peace, interestingly.
_____(3)__B___. As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observe, traditionally “motherhood is something that we do because we think it’s right.” But in the logic of commercialism, people need something in exchang e for their time and energy. A career serves this purpose better.
_____(4)_F____. So they(复数) work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation.
_____(5)__E___. According to The Guardian, there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives.
So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother’s Day needs to be updated: “It is to persuade p eople that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people.”
注释：
1. log onto 登录到期。

log onto a website 登录到一个网站。

2. pop-up 弹出式菜单。

a small pop-up invites you to book a bouquet for her.一张小的弹出式菜单要你为她订一束花。

练习
A The American version of Mother’s Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.
B But what’s more, commercialism changes young people’s attitude towards motherhood.
C Obviously, the best gift will be a phone call or a visit.
D According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday.
E As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s.
F In addition, women(复数) are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire.
Rising Tuition in the US美国学费上涨
Every Spring,US university administrators gather to discuss the next academic year’s budget.They consider faculty salaries utility costs for dormitories,new building needs and repairs to old ones.They run the numbers and conclude-it seems,inevitably-that,yet a-gain,the cost of tuition must go up.
According to the US’s College Board,the price of attending a four-year private university in the US rose 81 percent between 1993 and 2004.___E___(46) In 2005 and 2006,the numbers continued to rise.
According to university officials,college cost increases are simply the result of balancing university checkbooks .“Tuition increases at Cedarville University are determined by our rev-enue needs for each year ,”said the university’s president,Dr Bill Br own. “Student tuition pays for 78 percent of the university’s operating costs.”Brown’s school is a private universi-ty that enrolls about 3,100 undergrads and is consistently recognized by annual college rank-ing guides like US News and World Report’s and The Princeton Review’s.__C_____(47)
Tuition at private universities is set by administration officials and then aent for approval to the school’s board of trustees(董事).___B___(48) This board oversees(监管) all of a state’s public institutions.
John Durham,assistant secretary to the board of trustees at East Carolina University(ECU),explains that state law says that public institutions must make their services availa-ble whenever possible to the people of the state for free.Durham said that North Carolina residents only pay 22 percent of the cost of their education.___F____(49)State residents at- Tending ECU pay about US $10,000 for tuition, room and board before financial aid.
Amid the news about continued increases in college costs, however, there is some good news. Tuition increases have been accompanied by roughly equal increases in financial aid at almost every university. To receive financial aid, US students complete a formal application with the federal government. The federal government then decides whethe r an applicant is eligible（有资格的）for grants or loans.__A___（50）
A The application is then sent to the student’s university, where the school itself will decide whethe r free money will be given to the student and how much.
B At public universities, however, tuition increases must also be approved by a state education(大概念包涵小概念) committee, sometimes called the board of governors.
C The school currently charges US $23,410 a year for tuition.
D Many American people are simply unable to pay the growing cost of food.
E That’s more than double the rate of inflation.
F The state（主语一致性）government covers the rest.
American Dreams美国人的梦想
There is a common response to America among foreign writers, the US is a land of extremes where the best of things are just as easily found as the worst. This is a cliché(陈词滥调).
In the land of black and white, people should not be too surprised to find some of the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world. But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone. ___F____(46) No class system or government stands in the way.
Sadly, this old argument is no longer true. Over the past few decades there has been a fundamental shift in the structure of the American economy.
The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened。

___E___(47)
Over the past 25 years the median US family income has gone up 18 per cent. For the top 1 per cent, however, it has gone up 200 per cent. Twenty-five years ago the top fifth of Americans had an average income 6.7 times that of the bottom fifth.__D____(48)
Inequalities have grown worse in different regions. In California, incomes for lower class familie s have fallen(下降) by 4 per cent since 1969.___C___(49) This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans. The wealthiest 1 per cent of households now control a third of the national wealth. There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty. At 12.7 per cent of the population, it is the highest percentage in the developed world.
Yet the tax burden on America’s rich is falling, not growing.___B___(50) There was an economic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole. But clearly that theory has not worked in reality.
A Nobody is poor in the US.
B The top 0.01 per cen t of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percent age points since 1980.
C For upper class families they have risen(增强) 41 per cent.(结构一致，相反上层家庭增长，下层家庭减少)
D Now it is 9.8 times.
E As it does so, the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller.（结构一样）
F All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top.
完形填空
三种题型：
1、语法
2、词：固定搭配，词类区别
3、逻辑推理
解题
1、
2、
单词以er结尾的，后面必是than
平行结构（空格前后形式一致）but\and\or
注意名词的单复数，little much （不可数）Many(可数)，
❖1、定语从句
❖that / which 介词＋which
❖2、介词的选择
❖看前面的动词看后面的名词
❖3、被动语态
❖4、比较级
❖5、连词
❖not only ... but also either ... or neither ... nor both ... and
❖6、非谓语动词
❖动词和动词之间的关系Known/let / make / have sb. +do sth.
❖enjoy / spend+doing known as 如选项中出现as或者if，通常是答案
❖7、情态动词
❖后面接动词原形没有动词用be来替代其它一些重要点...
❖whether if
❖如果：是否
❖如果：主将从现
❖下面的动词后面只可以接动名词（doing ），一句话要牢记之：“megafeps”(霉咖啡不吃)
❖mind（介意）、miss（错过）、enjoy（喜欢）、give up（放弃）、admit（承认）、avoid（避免）、finish（完成）、escape（逃脱）、practise（练习）、suggest(建议)
❖下面的动词后面只可以接动词不定式,（to do）一句话要诀记之：
❖“要想干，同意办，愿意不愿意，决定尽量干。

”
❖ A.要求，想要，希望(want、wish、hope、expect、intend、)
❖ B.同意(agree、promise)
❖ C.意愿(care、refuse)
❖ D.决定，企图(determine、decide、offer、attempt、try、manage
下面的动词既可以跟动名词又可跟动词不定式
begin to do something\doing something
start to do something\doing something
continue to do something\doing something
forget to do something\doing something
remember to do something\doing something
regret to do something\doing something
like to do something\doing something
at least belong to according to
a great deal be beneficial to as far as is known
bare of be composed of begin doing
begin to be known for be able to
be depend on be noted for be famous for
be divided into be rich in be found in
be full of be subjected to be involved in
be known as bring about be made from
be made of change … into …be related to
be resistant to come into contact with be supposed to
be valuabel for deal with bring … to light
break away from depend on draw … from …
date back to differ from due to + n.
demand for do/deal with give up doing
do no harm to give way to in addition to
give off interfere wit in history
interest in in danger of in comparison with
join … with …in honor of in spite of
lead to live in look for
make up no more than not more than
more … than …pay for permit sb. to do
native to protect …… from refer to
on account of rank first among share … with …
play a key role run for start doing
range from … to …sever as tend to
result from so … as to warm sb. of sth.
spend … doing spread to take charge of
start to succeed in doing take place
完形填空的必背解题技巧
一、完形填空的考查重点
完形填空考题的设计一般是从以下三个方面出发的：(1)语法结构，(2)词法结构，(3)上下文之间的逻辑关系。

二、完形填空的解题技巧
完形填空的一般解题步骤是：
1.通读全文。

首先要阅读整篇文章，理解全文内容。

同时对全文的语言表达方式，比如文章用的时态、语态、文章的措辞与口气等方面得出大致印象。

2.逻辑判断。

在阅读全篇的基础上，开始从头判断每个空所缺的词的语言形式，如词类、时态、语
态;并判断该词应具有的符合文章上下文的词义。

3.理解选择。

从给出的4个选项中，选出在语法与词义上均与原文相符合的一个。

❖第6部分：完形填空（第51～55题，每题1分，共15分）
❖下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定一个最佳选项。

❖Middle Age: A Low Point for Most
❖People around the globe hit the height of their misery and depression in middle (51), a new international study suggests. The finding by British and American researchers was based on an analysis of well-being among approximately 2 million people in 80 nations. With few exceptions, the observation appears to apply across the board, regardless (52)gender (性别), culture, geography, wealth, job history, education, and marriage or parental status.
❖"The scientific fact seems to be that happiness and positive mental health follow a giant 'U'(53) through life," said study author Andrew J. Oswald, a professor of economics at Warwick University in Warwickshire, England. "For the average person, it's high when you're 20, and then it slowly(54) and bottoms out in your 40s. But the good news is that your(55)health picks up again, and eventually gets back to the high levels of your youth."
❖The finding was(56)on the pooling of several different sources of happiness data, including: two multi-decade happiness/satisfaction surveys (first launched in the 1970s), involving about 500,000 American and Western European men
❖and women; four rounds of the 80-nation "World Values Survey"(57)between 1981 and 2004 in North America, Eastern and Western Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and Central and South America;
and a 2004-2007 survey(58)nearly 1 million Britons.
❖The bottom-line: For most people throughout the world, the highest probability for(59)striking is around 44 years of age.
❖In the United States, however, some as-yet unexplained(60)differences were observed, with happiness among men dipping the most in their early 50s, whereas women hit their nadir (最低点) around the age of 40.
❖The researchers cautioned that cheerful people tend to live longer than unhappy
❖(61)- a fact that might have skewed (使偏斜) the overall finding. But they also suggested that evidence of a happiness(62)might simply reflect a midlife choice to give up long-held but no longer tenable (守得住的) aspirations (志向), followed by a senior's sense of gratitude for having successfully endured(63)others did not.
❖"That said, some might find it helpful simply to understand the general(64)of mental health as they go through their own life," said Oswald. "It might
❖be useful for people to realize that if they are(65)in their 40s this is normal. It is not exceptional. And just knowing this might help."
❖51 A place B age（大标题就有Middle Age）
❖ C height D degree
❖52 A for B of C to D by
❖53 A color B size C letter D shape
❖54 A improves B moves
❖ C falls （前有high后有bottoms） D rises
❖55 A personal B mental C general D physical
❖56 A focused B concluded C based D decided
❖57 A conducted B measured C checked D inspected
❖58 A calling B counting C passing D involving
❖59 A depression （查字典或看文章的第一句） B cancer
❖ C accident D njury
❖60 A gender B race C education D income
❖61 A people B men C women D couples
❖62 A line B curve C axis D table
❖63 A unless B because C if D while
❖64 A moods B figures C trends D views
❖65 A low B weird C old D weak
第6部分：完形填空（第51～55题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定一个最佳选项。

6-15+ Obtaining Drinking Water from Air Humidity
Not a plant to be seen, the desert ground is too dry . But the air contains water, and research scientists have found a way of obtaining drinking water from air humidity. The system is based completely on renewable energy and is therefore autonomous.
Cracks permeate the dried-out desert ground and the landscape bears testimony to the lack of water. But even here, where there are no lakes, rivers or groundwater, considerable quantities of water are stored in the air. In the Negev desert in Israel, for example, annual average relative air humidity is 64 percent -- in every cubic meter of air there are 11．5 milliliters of water.
German research scientists have found a way of converting this air humidity autonomously into drinkable water. “The process we have developed is based exclusively on renewable energy sources Such as thermal solar collectors and photovoltaic cells, which makes this method completely energy-autonomous. It will therefore function in regions where there is no electrical infrastructure,” says Siegfried Egner, head of the research team. The principle of the process is as follows: hygroscopic brine -- saline solution which absorbs moisture runs down a tower-shaped unit and absorbs water from the air. It is then sucked into a tank a few meters off the ground in which a vacuum prevails. Energy from solar collectors heats up the brine, which is diluted by the water it has absorbed .
Because of the vacuum, the boiling point of the liquid is lower than it would be under normal atmospheric pressure. This effect is known from the mountains: as the atmospheric pressure there is lower than in the valley, water boils at temperatures distinctly below 100℃. The evaporated, non-saline water is condensed and runs down through a completely filled tube in a controlled manner. The gravity of this water
column continuously produces the vacuum and so a vacuum pump is not needed. The reconcentrated brine runs down the tower surface again to absorb moisture from the air.
"The concept is suitable for various water users . Singleperson units and plants supplying water to entire hotels are conceivable," says Egner. Prototypes have been built for both system components -- air moisture absorption and vacuum evaporation -- and the research scientists have already tested their interplay on a laboratory scale. In a further step the researchers intend to develop a demonstration facility .
1. A dry B dirty C sandy D clean
2. A path B way C channel D road
3. A oil B wood C coal D solar
4. A when B what C where D who
5. A promise B progress C prospect D process
6. A of B with C off D below
7. A absorbed B attracted C allowed D affected
8. A wetter B hotter C lighter D lower
9. A close B there C beyond D nearby
10. A gradually B distinctly C necessarily D possibly
11. A again B too C either D more
12. A users B owners C providers D producers
13. A using B obtaining C supplying D cleaning
14. A repaired B sold C copied D tested
15. A tank B method C facility D tool
答案:
1.A
2.B
3.D
4.C
5.D
6.C
7.A
8.D
9.B 10.B 11.A 12.A
13.C 14.D 15.C
从空气湿度中获取饮用水
看不到任何植物，沙漠的土地干燥无比。

但是空气中却含有水分，科学家们已经发现了从空气中获取饮用水的方法。

这个系统完全依赖再生能源，因此也是自主独立工作的。

干透的沙漠表面上布满了裂痕，这一风景证实了水的缺失。

但是甚至在这没有湖泊、小河和地下水的沙漠，相当大量的水却被存储在空气中。

比如，在以色列的内盖夫沙漠，每年的相对空气湿润度是64％--在每立方米的空气中有11．5毫升的水。

德国的科学家已经发现了一种能自动将空气里的水转化成饮用水的方法。

“我们所研究的这一过程完全依赖于可再生能源，比如说太阳能集热系统和光生伏打电池，这样就使这个过程完全的自主独立工作了。

这一过程可以在那些没有电力设施的地方进行,”研究主管Siegfded Egner说。

这个过程的原理如下：具有吸湿性的卤水--吸收湿气的盐水溶液--从高塔形状的装置中流下来吸收空气中的水分。

然后被吸
进一个离地面几公尺高的真空容器里。

太阳能集热器中的能源把盐水加热，然后用盐水把吸收的水分稀释。

由于在真空状态下，水的沸点要比在正常大气压的时候低。

这一效果也可以从山脉上得知，由于那里的气压比山谷的低，水在很明显低于100℃的时候就沸腾。

这一蒸发过的、没有盐分的水被浓缩并且通过一个完全填满的管子有控制地流下来。

水柱的重力不断地引起真空，所以真空管是不需要的。

重新浓缩的盐水再次流下到塔
的表面去吸收空气中的湿度。

“这一理念适合不同用水者。

适合个人使用的吸湿制水机及可供整间酒店用水的吸湿制水厂是有望制造成功的,”Egner 说。

空气湿度吸收和真空蒸发--这两个系统的原型已经制成--科学家们已经在实验室规模验证了它们的交互作用。

下一步科学家们想设计出一套演示设备。

答案与题解：
1. A第一段说的是，沙漠没有河流、湖泊等，所以缺水。

但空气中含有水汽，可以从空气中吸取水。

根据上下文的意思，dry 是答案。

2. B 前面的句子说，虽然沙漠缺水，但空气含有水汽，人们可以从中吸湿制水。

最后一句的意思显然是，科学家已经找到从空气中吸湿制水的方法。

在四个选项route（路线），way（方法），channel（途径）和road（道路）中，只有way 最合适。

3. D renewable energy（可再生能源）是解题的重要线索，oil/wood/coal 不是renewable energy，只有solar energy 才是renewable energy。

4. C 这套吸湿制水机靠太阳能驱动，他可以自主独立工作，适合于没有发电厂提供电能的地区使用。

…there is no electrical infrastructure 是定语从句，修饰地点名词regions，连接词应该选where.
5. D 本句说明吸湿制水机的工作原理，promise（答应），progress（进展）或prospect
（前景）都与句意不符，只有process（工作过程，方法）最合适。

6. C of the ground 和with the ground 与句意接不上，below the ground 不合逻辑，因为从空气中吸湿制水的设备不可能安装在地面之下。

Off the ground（离开地面），置设备于离开地面若干公尺的空气之中就合理了。

7. A 同一段的前面句子中出现absorbs moisture 和absorbs water from the air，这是吸湿制水机工作过程的第一阶段（第二阶段是用蒸馏法脱盐以获取淡水）。

所以，absorbed 是合乎逻辑的选择。

8. D 本段第二句由“ as the atmospheric pressure … is lower than in the valley…”，这是解题的重要线索。

此外，根据科学常识，大气压力降低，水的沸点也随着降低。

所以，lower 是答案。

9. B 根据上下文的意思，可以判断出，答案是there，因为这里的意思是“那儿的大气压……”。

10. B 首先要知道四个选项英语单词的词义。

gradually（逐渐地）below 100℃，necessarily below 100℃（必须地）或possibly（可能地）below 100℃，都不符合“大气压力降低，水的沸点也随着降低”的原理。

所以。

只有选distinctly 最合适。

11. A 从上下文判断，只有again 才是答案。

其余三个选项填入句子中都说不通。

12. A 后面句子的single-person（units）和hotels 是吸湿制水机的用户，提示了本题的答案是users.
13. C 本句的意思是：适合个人使用的吸湿制水机及可供整间酒店用水的吸湿制水厂是有望制造成功的。

Supplying 是答案。

吸湿制水机或吸湿制水厂本身不会“使用”（using）水。

Obtaining（获得）后接from，而本句用的是to，
所以不是答案。

Cleaning 也不是答案，因为若吸湿制水机或吸湿制水厂为酒店清洁用水，cleaning 后要接for，而不是to。

14. D 从上下文判断，再加上on a laboratory scale 的提示，本题要选tested。

15. C 本题前面的句子谈到，科学家已经制成了吸湿制水机的原型并在实验室中进行了试验运行，下一步该做什么呢？demonstration 提供了线索，答案应该是（demonstration）facility（示范设备）。