江苏高考英语书面表达指导

江苏高考英语书面表达指导
共3段
审题：先看中文要求，圈出主题，再读材料（要求中出现的主题一定要在文中以各种不同语言形式反复出现）
第一段打草稿，二三段列提纲。

带好尺，如需涂改，用尺划一条。

没有特别大的错误尽量少涂改。

平时准备：各类主题句各准备一两个；按照观点准备句子，如健康，方便，解放劳动力等准备逻辑链完整的句子。

评分标准：
1.要点全面
2. 应用了较多的词汇：指词汇使用的多样性，如词性的多样性、高级词汇的使用、同义词与反义词的使用、短语的使用等。

3. 应用了较多的语法结构：感叹句、倒装句、复合结构、强调句型、定语从句、非谓语动词短语等语法结构的正确使用
4. 上下文连贯：段与段、句与句之间以一种明晰的、合乎逻辑的顺序组织与安排，做到在文意与结构上层次分明、条理清楚、连贯流畅。

（第一段的summary是为下文服务的，要和下文在逻辑上有衔接起来）
考试时间实际操作流程：听力（20 分钟）——单项填空（10 分钟）——完形填空（12 分钟）——阅读A (8 分钟)——阅读B（10分钟）（至此时间仅剩一半，很正常，不必惊慌）——阅读C（10 分钟）——阅读D（10 分钟）—任务型（15 分钟）——书面表达（25 分钟）还剩15分钟前务必涂卡！
总则：
1. 按要求完成任务
2. 要扣题（不断重复关键词以免偏题）
3. 先审题，后动笔，文章共3段，160-170词。

5. 卷面影响档次（篇幅，字，段落结构，涂改）
4. 流畅自然
避免：创造词块，句子过于复杂，逻辑混淆，生搬硬套
步骤：审题（明确主题及应采取的立场，考虑好段落衔接，特别是一二段之间的衔接），
明确需summary的内容，第一段打逐字稿（写好主要内容再根据字数添加或删减，27~33词）。

结构篇
忠于原文，不发表议论；1-2句
—打草稿
●1句版：(With…/Despite…),句子主干，(leaving…./which…/as is exemplified by the case of…/as is
exemplified by the three selections above. ) （推荐高手使用）
图表或漫画As is indicated in the graph/As is shown in the comic,主句,…
2014范文With English words getting popular in both media and daily life, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups: For and Against(意见不一).
●2句版：○1句概述材料最general，最主要，覆盖面最大的信息，且在本段中起到介绍话
题的作用。

○1○2句再补充主要信息，且可能起到一二段衔接的作用。

○1○2句之间常需体现逻辑联系，多用however连接。

一长句一短句，长句参考1句版写法。

(此版本最为常见，但并非任何时候都适用)
2018: As a major channel of consumption information, the rating is an efficient source of information for shopping in our own consumption. Interestingly, the same rating may have different influences on different consumers.（第二句可改为：However, some consumers find the ratings reliable while others disappointing/However, consumption ratings prove reliable to some consumers but disappointing to others）
while(whereas) 如放句首则重点在后面，放中间表两方观点并列。

2017图表：The box-office income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015. However, that increase slowed down in 2016.
2016: Online voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved in it. It is beneficial to some people while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.
2015: The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack, which not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten people’s lives. The three selections presented above are typical examples.
2013漫画：People celebrate Earth Day differently. In Picture 1, a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree surrounded by stumps, but in vain, while Picture 2 shows a couple happily planting trees. (根据漫画：As is depicted/portrayed in the comic/caricature/ cartoon)
2019一模漫画The caricatures vividly mirror/reflect a social phenomenon that some people are reluctant to socialize with people not familiar with to them, whether strangers or neighbors, as is exemplified by the case
引发热烈讨论/争论…, which has sparked off/arouse/fuel a heated debate (among the public)
意见不一…, which has received mixed response among the public.
…, towards which there exist different attitudes among the public
流行gain currency/gain widespread popularity/catch on
引发公众关注/成为社会问题become a social concern/raise social concern
Currently, ...has been brought to public attention/ drawn public attention.
难事，头疼事a headache, a hard nut to crack
●支持反对型主题句：(现象不能说支持反对)
支持vote for, applaud, in sympathy with, subscribe to, of tremendous significance, … is a wise option; It makes much sense to, outweigh
反对…has begun to show its negative impacts on people and society.
I tend to take the “against” side for the following reasons; I don’t subscribe to this opinion
….nothing but a bad idea.
●原因分析型主题句：Various factors are at play
to/Triggers of such a phenomenon come in
Behind …lie many factors; The reasons behind the are not far to seek；
phenomenon/problem could be interpreted from the following perspectives.
导致：account for, make for, give rise to, contribute to, be responsible for（是……的原因）,
●负面影响型主题句：by no means should we neglect the problems arise from ...; However, we must
be alert to the potential threats posed by ...; Howerver, problems arising from … deserve attention; It is worthnoting that such a phenomenon will exert negative impacts; give sufficient weight to充分重视
常用表达Such a situation, if left unchecked, will encourage a social atmosphere where
●重要性（好处）型主题句：The importance of…is beyond measure; The significance of …can never
be emphasized enough; The importance of… is not to be ignored; Without doubt/Undoubtedly, … plays
a prominent role in every aspect of our life; …is an inseparable/essential part of modern life and should
♦Essential measures should be taken to guarantee….
♦In a bid/gesture to wrestle with the problems mentioned above, concerted/combined/joint /collective efforts are to be made.
♦Such a situation deserves immediate measures.
♦In view of the gravity of the situation, action must be taken immediately/measures admit of no delay/ measures to deal with it should be high on the agenda.
♦Such consequences set the alarm bells ringing/serves as a wake-up call. (过渡句，适合严重情况).It is highly necessary that…
♦The following measures, if implemented/adopted, will assist us in (本句也可作为结尾句)
♦To move from insight to action（过渡，由世界观到方法论）, concerted efforts are to be made. ♦Attacking the problem (is a hard nut to crack that) requires/involves efforts both at the individual level and at the social level.
提建议句型：Government are supposed to see to it that; be given serious thought to; It is imperative that …should; Instead of… isn’t it more meaningful to…?; It is advisable that…; If….,Priority should be given to; Never should …shrink from the responsibility to…; be obliged to…
举例类：举例前有个过渡句。

.…is a case in point. /My experience is a perfect example./ No example is more appropriate than that of mine.
1句~3句，视前文长短
但表述不偏不倚）适用已写了两段字数还不是很多的情况
♦2018范文：There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption. The advantages and disadvantages of ratings are often closely related. It is necessary to hold an objective attitude towards ratings.
♦2019二模：Whether it is Gaokao or SAT or ACT, students must bear in mind that it is the outstanding ability plus real learning that are the stepping stones to prestigious universities.
●简洁：(状从省略，强调句，反问，非谓语，主从虚拟) 适用已写了三段需一句话简短
结束的情况（推荐使用反问句）
♦Overseas study tours, if taken full advantage of, will surely turn into a rewarding experience.
♦总结Therefore, it is highly advisable/recommended that…
♦反问Given all the disadvantages of…, why not spend money in a wiser way?
♦Though obstacles may stand in the way,…./ Addressing this issue requires great efforts, yet rewards make it adequately worthwhile.
♦In conclusion, we should give serious thought to this policy rather than blindly carry it out.
♦Should/Were…to, …the beneficiaries will be no one but…
♦think twice before/reap great benefits
♦展望未来With concerted efforts, ….will be in store/ on the horizon/ around the corner.
♦This way, we will reap the beautiful blessings of…/reap the rewards of…
♦be blessed with; will have a promising prospect
●升华：点明意义
♦The purpose of taking pictures is to keep the precious moments in memory rather than use them to show off.
♦Instead of posting them online, isn’t it a better way to view the pictures with families and savor the precious moments? After all, that is what pictures are meant for.
♦提建议（前文如未提过建议）：2016范文: In short, Internet voting, to some extent, is unfair, if not immoral, and cannot be trusted. Therefore, rules should be worked out and strictly observed.
♦引人思考：Is there any need that the pace of urbanization slows down a little? That’s the question all human must take into serious consideration.
思维篇
总则：1. 分类讨论思想---理由要有层次性2.论证不要有思维跳跃
➢措施类第三段：可针对第二段中的问题提
●社会性问题：涉及到的各方（政府，个人，学校，公司……）
举办/参加活动involve oneself in activities that…
政府加强监管government/authorities strengthen/tighten rules and regulations
政府制定法律
More rigid laws and regulations should be laid down/drawn up and put in place to safeguard…
政府严管标准authorities should strictly regulate the national standards.
政府提升个人意识sharpen public awareness of the potential threat of
个人提升意识be fully aware of, wake up to the gravity of the situation, be awake to
建议内容：put strict laws in place; raise people’s awareness of/wake people up to the importance of; ；remedy, the recipe for；give priority to; do our utmost to, go to great lengths, spare no effort to不遗余力; a shift to …; top priority；be on the high agenda
●非社会性问题、个人能解决的问题：向内（主）、向外（次）
向内：意识到重要性，制定计划，参加活动engage myself in activities like…
向外：寻求帮助监督seek help/consultation/supervision（监督）, turn to ….
➢原因分析类：内因（事物自身属性），外因（如周围环境，社会背景和发展，观念变化）●趋势类，社会变迁类：事物本身，社会背景，观念的变化（如方便面，公共图书馆）●倡议类，做法类：对涉及到的各方及社会影响（海外大学接受高考，一带一路，图书馆
是否向公众开放，按照消费排名消费）
➢通用分类方法：以下两点结合考虑
●微观（涉及到的各方面），宏观（对社会、国家、行业等大范围）（环境、和谐、文化、
道德，社会氛围）
●马斯洛需求层次理论（微观层面）
生理层次：生存，健康，安全，
精神层次：情感，归属感，尊重，自信，自我价值感(self-worth), 自控力，坚毅心智(mental toughness)，接受挑战，自我实现，成功，激情，积极的人生观，拓展交际圈，增强幸福感，减轻压力
其他万能理由：
涉及学生、孩子的话题：身心健康发展;自控力(self-discipline);锻炼品质意志，增加成功机会;独立性，培养习惯性格；促进关系；
语言文化类：体现古人智慧文化风俗；发扬中国文化风俗，提升国际影响力；促进文化多
➢论证方法（逻辑思维）：
因果链拓展（添加前因后果）、对比（今昔对比，两事物对比）、类比及比喻、下定义（抽象事物）、递进、举例（没话讲时举一句话例子）、让步（半句话小让步）、假设（if, providing, provided）、反面论证（without which,…; otherwise…, which would otherwise never be achieved）、指代重复（用代词或上义词，其他名词，有效实现句间和段间衔接）、描述具体画面或用多个动词(2018:Based on the ratings, I bought my beloved backpack, saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods.)
➢常用理由表达积累
♦成功…are better motivated to strive for/pursue excellence, contributing to higher personal achievements and boosted self-confidence, (thus laying a solid foundation for/ pave the way for future development)
♦自信Self-confidence serves as a powerful engine that drives us to tap into our potentials/explore our potentials to the fullest, allowing us to turn stumbling blocks into stepping stones, thus multiplying our chances of success./Self-confidence ensures us courage/strength to seize opportunities and to showcase ourselves, without which we can never distinguish ourselves or stand out among others./Otherwise, never could we distinguish ourselves or stand out among others./ Self-confidence undoubtedly facilitates our pursuit of goals.
♦健康
…means/translate into a lack of sports, which will prevent students from building up physical strength and improve physical fitness and even threaten/compromise their health/immune system. (Worse still, their immune system might suffer, causing them to easily fall ill.)
As a sport that can build up various muscles, swimming can improve physical fitness and strengthen immune system, which translates into less likelihood of coming down with diseases./ so that swimmers are less likely to fall ill.
♦省钱It is economical and cost-effective to take swimming class in college, compared with the time and money invested in swimming classes outside universities, which is often time-consuming and expensive.
♦放松… serves as a temporary escape from heavy workload, allowing students to ease academic pressure and stay energetic so that they can better devote themselves to academic courses.
♦磨炼意志build up strong will，foster students’ mental abilities, cultivate mental t oughness
♦心理脆弱If …, chances are that they will withdraw from the society. Were the situation to last long, students would gradually become too mentally fragile to face future challenges. //…will result in a lack of social interactions, without which, they will feel cut off from the outside world. The longer they …, the more depressed and lonelier they will feel. As a consequence, they may be scared to step into the society.
Thus the vicious cycle continues.
♦拓展交际圈：Build social bonds and expand social networ ks… contribute to long-term sense of well-being.
♦培养性格cultivate one’s temper, develop a nice personality, build a character
♦方便….makes …easy and convenient, regardless of time and space./So much convenience has …
brought to our life that everything (from chatting to videoing) is but a click away.
♦观念变化Owing to the improvement of living standards as well as mounting working pressure, some people, especially the younger generation, no longer view … as … but (a temporary escape from daily routine).
♦文化类万能理由：
a treasure passed down from generation to generation so that it conveys wisdom and traditions of our ancestors. Were the priceless cultural heritage to disappear some day in the future, we would suffer a loss of familiarity.
Dialects are counted as intangible cultural heritage, as a result of which, they do make great contributions to cultural diversity both for our country and for the world. Were these dialects to become extinct, the depth
and dimension of human beings would undoubtedly suffer.
Offer us a glimpse into past wisdom, gain insight into
对中国：
✧upgrade international status/influence/fame, which in turn strengthens cultural confidence, which results
in our deeper love of motherland./ a sense of patriotism
✧ a reflection of/demonstrate growing power and strength/rising soft power
✧facilitate exchange and interaction among different nations, which in turn improves China’s status and
influence around the globe.
✧inspiring, uplifting
✧ a catalyst（催化剂）for China’s improvement of hard power
✧enable China to realize sustainable development, deepen its opening-up, and strengthen its
mutually beneficial cooperation with … and the rest of the world, which will definitely promote China’s further development.
对世界：
✧Add a new dimension to global citizens’ perspective
✧Bridge the gap between different nations
✧each culture needs to draw upon the strength among one another.
✧facilitate exchange and interaction among different nations across time zones and countries. (help
foreigners gain a better insight into Chinese cultures and philosophy) This has led to a tolerant attitude towards different culture, allowing different voices to coexist in the global discourse./eliminate conflicts and collision
whereas条件providing that, Given that 原因As….
♦倒装：否定前置By no means should we;
♦让步倒装Reasonable as it seems, its problems can’t be ignored;
♦虚拟倒装Were we to adopted the above measures, we would reap the benefit of…; Should we …, we would; not only does it…but also…;
♦虚拟：如不这样，会怎么样Otherwise, …would…/Otherwise, never could we…
♦定从：Days are gone when, create a healthy atmosphere where;…, without which, we would（虚拟）; …, through which…（使用一个介词+which的结构）; in which case,…
♦反问：Isn’t it an enormous pity that…?Instead of…, isn’t it more meaningful to…?
♦设问：Should we just pay lip service or take practical measures to …?
♦双重否定：It is not uncommon to see…; Nowhere has this been truer than in the case of; This …can’t be truer./Nothing plays a more important role than…
♦The +比较级, the +比较级：The more knowledge you have, the better equipped you are to overcome any challenge you’ll ever face.
♦It 做主语/宾语：It is no exaggeration to say that, make it a routine/regular practice to, regard it important to…; make it possible for people to
It might be a cliché to say…But there is a grain of truth in it.说……可能是陈词滥调。

但有道理。

（用于让步）
♦非谓语：V-ing表结果，原因，状态等某事使得…allowing/enabling people to…/leaving…V-ed ♦比喻：Sth is a vehicle through which we can…/Love is sunshine in winter.
常用比喻a doube-edged sword; devil, demon, monster, a blessing/devil in disguise, Pandora’s box, powerful engine driving people to…, driving force, useful tool, A is as indispensable to B as Vitamin D is to the body；the pillars of the country and the backbone of the society中流砥柱
♦名从：主从，宾从，表从，同从
♦状从省略：The following measures, if implemented/adopted, will assist us
♦好句举例：
Confidence provides us with a fertile soil to gain courage, which leads us to fight with adversity and
extend our limits.
Each and every one of us is a window to the world, through which foreigners can see and feel the power and attraction of Chinese culture.
Children, burdened with tight schedule and excessive homework (heavy workload and tremendous/suffocating learning pressure
Kids grow weary of（厌倦了）standardized, test-driven, curriculum-heavy schooling that may not lead to true learning.
The young, spoiled in childhood without going through setbacks, tend to resign to pressure from various aspects of life, such as failing exams.
Social media creates superficial ties rather than lasting friendship.
An ambitious, competent and responsible young generation is vital to a nation’s development
充分发挥bring…into full play, give full play to, strive for, provide easy access to, expose oneself to, a double-edged sword; a mixed blessing;是好是坏a blessing or a curse, 为……打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for, pave the way for, pose a threat to, end up in failure, in pursuit of追求；a castle in the air空中楼阁；silver lining（不幸或失望中的）一线希望；follow suit仿效；as is well exemplified by；multiply the chances of success, multiply happiness；;facilitate sth, which in turn; add a new dimension to …; eliminate conflicts and collision; dep rive sb of sth剥夺; step outside of your comfort zone; make waves产生影响，引起轰动；脱离现实Decouple from reality；费时的time-consuming；产生深远的影响exert far-reaching impacts；各行各业的人people from all walks of life；be exposed to expose more people to the atmosphere of learning;不过是昙花一现nothing but a one-hit wonder/ a flash in the pan; strive for 努力…; it is not hard to imagine; exploit my strength to the most/fullest充分利用我的优势; No sweet without sweat; turn a blind eye to; think nothing of 轻视; thought-provoking引人深思; obsessed with着迷于; 使用employ, utilize; serve the interests of有利于; be fully awake to the potential threats; a source of motivation; cast a more optimistic vision on their life; facilitates（有助于，促进）our pursuit of goals; achieve whatever we hope to; adversity逆境，困难; overcome adversities/obstacles/stumbling blocks; achieve a win-win situation; be glued to 盯着，紧贴着；
a source of (inspiration, motivation)…的源泉；Chances are that…; fuel us with the motivation to; a powerful engine driving us to; driving force; affect the world in a positive way; serve as a wake-up call; more of a problem; pose a threat to；raise social concern; fall victim to; weigh heavily on 对……产生严重影响; weigh against对……不利; give sufficient weight to充分重视；充分发挥bring…into full play, give full play to; pose a threat to; turn the stumbling blocks into stepping stones; fuel us with the motivation to work hard; make it a regular practice to；may well be an invitation to；no longer a hard nut to crack；mistakenly believe that；many are under the illusion(错误地认为) that; offer a glimpse into使大致了解；make it possible for people to; 与……息息相关have everything to do with; be closely related to; In a nutshell总之; gain insight into深入了解；the comic serves as a merciless satire to无情讽刺（漫画作文中）; 发人深省的Thought-provoking
五档作文实例
要求：考生应梳理写作要点，适当添加与主题相关的合理细节，使表达的内容丰满，结构严谨，层次分明。

要完成写作任务，考生需要选用恰当得体的语言，兼顾词汇和句式的准确性、流利性、复杂性，同时关注语段之间的衔接和连贯，使行文连贯，逻辑清晰。

【分析】作者完全完成了试题所规定的任务。

在第一段中，作者用大约30个单词概括了输入语篇的有关内容：一些人非常认可商业排名，而另一些人则不以为然。

作者的语言表述“sing praise for”和“while others find it disappointing”也充分体现了多样性。

在第二段中，作者首先表明了自己的观点：支持排名；接着又给出了三点理由加以说明。

该段层次清晰，句式有变化。

在文章的最后，作者再次指出，消费排名对于提升消费体验将起到积极作用。

纵观全文，语言流畅、内容连贯、结构紧湊，虽然有个别语言错误和涂改现象，但是不影响正常交际，完全达到了预期的写作目的。