(完整版)国家教师资格考试--英语学科知识与教学能力考试重点
国家教师资格考试英语学科知识与教学能力考试重点
国家教师资格考试英语学科知识与教学能力考试重点引言：国家教师资格考试是对教师专业素质的全面评估，旨在提高教师教育水平，促进教师队伍建设。
在国家教师资格考试中，英语学科知识与教学能力考试是其中重要的一部分。
本文将重点介绍国家教师资格考试英语学科知识与教学能力考试的重点内容，帮助考生明确学习方向，提高备考效果。
一、英语学科知识考点1. 英语听力：该部分主要考察考生的听力理解能力和听力应对策略。
考生需要通过听力材料，理解并回答相关问题。
2. 英语语言知识与运用：这是英语学科知识考点的核心内容，包括词汇、语法、句子结构等方面的知识。
考生需要熟练掌握英语的基本词汇和相关语法知识，能够正确理解和运用在教学中。
3. 英语阅读：该部分主要考察考生的阅读理解能力和阅读应对策略。
考生需要通过阅读材料，理解并回答相关问题。
4. 英语写作：该部分主要考察考生的写作能力和写作应对策略。
考生需要写作英语短文或书信等，表达自己的观点和理解。
二、教学能力考点1. 教学设计：考生需要具备良好的教学设计能力，能够根据教学目标和学生实际情况进行教学内容的设计，包括教学步骤、教学方法等方面。
2. 教学组织实施：考生需要具备良好的教学组织能力，能够合理安排教学时间、掌握教学节奏和教学形式，使教学过程有序进行。
3. 教学反思与评价：考生需要具备良好的教学反思能力，能够对教学过程进行自我评价，并进行教学改进。
三、备考指导1. 熟悉考试大纲：考生需要认真阅读并理解国家教师资格考试英语学科知识与教学能力考试的考试大纲，明确考试要求和重点内容。
2. 整理学习材料：根据考试大纲，整理相关的学习资料，包括教材、参考书、模拟题等。
合理安排学习时间，有针对性地进行学习。
3. 系统复习：根据考试的知识点和考点，进行系统的复习。
可以采用分组、分类等方式整理知识点，加深记忆。
4. 模拟训练：在备考过程中，进行模拟训练。
可以选择历年真题进行模拟考试，对照考纲和参考答案，查漏补缺，提高应试能力。
教资初中英语科三《英语学科知识与教学能力》第一章考点总结
教资•初中英语•科三《英语学科知识与教学能力》第一章考点总结●非谓语V.●不定式●to do●分词●现在分词●doing●过去分词●done●动名词●基本用法●做主语●可以用it做形式主语It is no use saying that again and again. (动名词saying, it做形式主语)●Painting is his hobby.(Painting做主语)●做表语●My favorite sport is swimming.●作定语表示所修饰词的用途或性能●Don't forget to bring the sleeping bags.(动名词sleeping作为定语，修饰bags。
)●固定搭配后面+doing●consider考虑●suggest, advice建议●look forward to期待●excuse, pardon抱歉●admit承认●delay, put off迟到●fancy想要，喜欢●avoid避免●Can't help情不自禁●mind介意●allow, permit允许●escape逃跑，逃避●动名词的复合结构名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词+动名词（one's doing）●介意我开窗。
Mind my opening。
(主要强调人“我”)●Her being late made boss angry(复合形式, 在动词made前做主语)●时态语态●●独立主格有两个句子，且两个句子的主语不是指同一个。
●句子中已经有完整的谓语时●there being+名词/代词表示“有”●There being nothing else to do, they went home.●it being+名词/代词表示“是”●It being a holidaym, all the shops were shut.●名词/代词+介词短语介词短语前后的名词前没有修饰词●A young lady came over, dictionary in hand.●with/without+宾语+介词短语介词短语前后的名词前有修饰词●A young lady came over, with a dictionary in her hand.。
国家教师资格考试高中英语学科知识与教学能力归纳
国家教师资格考试高中英语学科知识与教学能力归纳国家教师资格考试是一项评价教师英语学科知识与教学能力的重要考试。
参加该考试的教师需要掌握高中英语学科的专业知识，并且能够灵活运用这些知识来进行教学。
下面是对高中英语学科知识与教学能力的归纳：一、高中英语学科知识1. 语言知识英语语法和词汇是高中英语学科的基础知识。
教师应该熟悉英语的各种语法规则，并能够正确使用各种词汇。
2. 阅读理解高中英语学科强调学生的阅读理解能力。
教师需要掌握各种阅读理解技巧，并能够根据学生的实际情况设计合理的阅读材料和阅读训练。
3. 写作技巧高中英语学科要求学生掌握一定的写作技巧。
教师应该了解各种写作类型，如记叙文、议论文、说明文等，并能够指导学生进行写作训练。
4. 听力和口语高中英语学科也注重学生的听力和口语能力。
教师应该熟悉各种听力技巧，并能够设计有效的听力训练活动。
同时，教师还应该注重学生口语表达能力的培养。
5. 高中英语教材教师需要熟悉高中英语教材的内容和要求。
教师应该能够根据教材的特点来设计教学活动，并能够合理选择教材中的各种资源。
二、高中英语教学能力1. 教学设计能力教师需要具备良好的教学设计能力。
教师应该能够根据学生的实际情况设计合适的教学目标和教学方法，并能够根据学生的不同需求设计差异化的教学内容和教学活动。
2. 教学组织能力教师需要具备良好的教学组织能力。
教师应该能够合理组织教学活动，确保教学过程的顺利进行，同时能够有效管理学生，确保教学秩序的良好。
3. 教学反思能力教师需要具备良好的教学反思能力。
教师应该能够对自己的教学活动进行反思和评估，及时发现问题并进行调整，不断提高自己的教学水平。
4. 教学评估能力教师需要具备良好的教学评估能力。
教师应该能够根据学生的学习情况进行评估，并能够根据评估结果进行针对性的教学调整，帮助学生更好地提高。
上述是对国家教师资格考试高中英语学科知识与教学能力的归纳，只有掌握了这些知识和能力，教师才能够更好地在教学中发挥作用，提高学生的英语学习能力。
英语学科知识与教学能力考点必背(语音部分)教师资格证
学科知识与教学能力笔记（英语）一、语音考点（一）元音Vowels考点1：元音的舌位图我们先来看看英语单元音的舌位图（P70）。
图的左方为口腔的前部，右方为其后部。
竖线把舌头分成前中后三个部分；横线音标描述汇总：[i:] h igh front tense unrounded vowel[?] high front lax unrounded vowel[u:] high back tense rounded vowel[?]即[u] high back lax rounded vowel[З:]或[?:] central tense unrounded vowel[?] central lax unrounded vowel[e] mid-high front lax unrounded vowel[?] low front lax unrounded vowel [Λ] mid-low back lax unrounded vowel [?:] mid-low back tense rounded vowel [?] low back lax rounded vowel [ɑ:] low back tense unrounded vowel考点2：专有名词基本元音 Cardinal Vowels纯元音Pure Vowels/单元音 Monophthong Vowels如：[aI] 中[a 考点1：Manners of articulation 发音方式 stops 爆破音 [p, b, t, d, k, g] nasal 鼻音 [m, n, ?]fricative 摩擦音 [f, v, θ, e, s, z, ∫, ?, h]、approximant近似音[w, r, j ]、lateral边音[l]、affricate塞擦音[ts, dz, tr, dr]考点2：Places of articulation发音部位[p][b][t][d][k][g][m][n][?][f][v][?][e][s][z][∫] voiceless postalveolar fricative[?] voiced postalveolar fricative[h] glottal fricative[t∫] voiceless postalveolar affricate [d?] voiced postalveolar affricate[l ] alveolar lateral[r] alveolar approximant[w] bilabial approximant[j] palatal approximant（三）Assimilation同化现象：a process by which one sound takes on some or all characteristics of a neighboring sound.Nasalization鼻音化、cap canDentalization齿音、tent tenthVelarization软腭since sinkVoiced frication有声擦音→voiceless无声擦音/__voiceless清音重音。
国家教师资格考试英语学科知识与教学能力考试重点
国家教师资格考试英语学科知识与教学能力考试重点引言：国家教师资格考试是衡量教师专业水平的标准化考试，对于英语学科的考试内容和要求一直备受关注。
本文将针对国家教师资格考试英语学科知识与教学能力考试的重点内容进行详细解读，力求帮助广大教师备考更有针对性和有效性。
一、考试内容概述国家教师资格考试英语学科知识与教学能力考试内容主要涵盖以下几个方面：1. 英语语音、词汇和语法知识：包括音标、词汇选择、动词时态、句子结构等基础知识点；2. 英语听力与口语：主要涉及听力理解、口语表达和语音语调；3. 英语阅读：考查阅读理解、词汇理解和阅读策略的应用能力；4. 英语写作：主要考察写作技巧、语法运用和篇章结构能力；5. 英语教学理论：包括教学基本原则、教学过程设计和教学方法等；6. 英语教材分析与评价：考察教师对教材的分析能力和教材适用性的评价；7. 英语教学设计与实施：主要考查教师的课程设计能力、教学组织能力和教学实施能力；8. 英语教学评价与反思：考察教师对学生学习效果的评估和教学反思的能力。
二、重点内容解析针对国家教师资格考试英语学科知识与教学能力考试，以下内容为重点：1. 英语语音、词汇和语法知识英语语音、词汇和语法是英语学习的基础，重点内容包括音标的掌握、常用词汇的理解和应用、常见句子结构和语法规则的掌握等。
考生需要熟练掌握各个语音、词汇和语法知识点，并能灵活运用于教学实践中。
2. 英语听力与口语英语听力与口语能力是英语学科的重要组成部分，考生需要具备良好的听力理解和口语表达能力。
建议考生通过大量的听力练习，并进行口语训练，提高自己的听说能力。
3. 英语阅读英语阅读能力是理解和运用英语知识的重要手段，考生需要培养自己的阅读理解能力和词汇理解能力。
建议考生多读一些英文材料，积累词汇量，并学会合理运用阅读策略，提高阅读效率。
4. 英语写作英语写作能力是考察考生综合运用英语语言知识的一个方面，考生需要掌握写作技巧、语法运用和篇章结构，培养自己的写作能力。
最新教师资格统考 英语学科知识与教学能力·考点精编
英语学科知识与教学能力◢要点精编◣考点1·词汇辨析achieve“（凭长期努力）达到（某目标、地位、标准），完成，成功”，approach“接近”，attain“（通常指经过努力）获得，达到”，acquire“学到，取到”；award “奖品，奖金”，reward “奖励，回报，悬赏金”，a llowance“津贴，补贴”，prize“奖，奖品，难能可贵的事物”；at times“有时”，to the minute“恰好，一分不差”，day by day“一天天”，around the clock“昼夜不停地”；other than“除了……以外，不同于，不（常用于否定结构中）”，r ather than“而不是……”，or rather“更确切地说”，or else“否则，要不然”。
考点2·动词时态与语态（1）现在进行时表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。
Sheis leaving for Beijing.（2）现在进行时代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。
TheYangtze River is flowing into the east.（3）现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时。
— Hi, Tracy, you look tired.— I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.（4）下面主动形式常表示被动意义：The window wants/needs/requiresrepairing.The book is worth reading twice. Thedoor won’t shut.T he play won’t act. Thebook sells well.T he dish tastes delicious.Water feels very cold.考点3·状语从句（1）时间状语从句常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after,since, till, until特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the1day, the instant, immediately, directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … whenI didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became anadult.E very time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.（2）目的状语从句常用引导词：so that, in order that特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that, in the hope that,for the purpose that, to the end thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that hecould sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the backcould hear more clearly.（3）让步状语从句常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词：as (用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装), while (一般用在句首), no matter…,in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverMuch as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.考点4·主语从句引导主语从句的连词that 有时可省，有时不能省，其原则是：若that 引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则that 不能省略；若that 引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语it，则that 可以省略。
教资英语学科知识与教育能力考点归纳
教资英语学科知识与教育能力考点归纳
本文旨在帮助备考教育资格证考试的英语教师们，对教资英语学科知识与教育能力考点进行归纳总结，以便更有针对性地进行备考。
一、英语学科知识考点
1. 英语语言知识：包括基础语法、词汇、句型、语篇等方面的知识点。
考生需要掌握英语的基本语法规则，了解常见词汇、短语及其用法，能正确使用各种句型，理解并分析语篇的结构和意义。
2. 英美文学知识：考生需要掌握英美文学的基本概念、历史发展、主要作家及其代表作品，了解文学流派和风格，分析文学作品的结构和主题。
3. 英语教学理论：考生需要了解英语教学的基本理论和方法，包括语言教学理论、教学策略、评价方法等方面的知识。
4. 跨文化交际：考生需要了解不同文化背景下的交际方式和礼仪，掌握跨文化交际的基本理论和技巧，能进行跨文化交际的教学和实践。
二、教育能力考点
1. 教育法律法规：考生需要了解教育法律法规的基本内容和精神，熟悉教育政策和管理制度，了解教师职业道德和职业规范。
2. 教育心理学：考生需要了解教育心理学的基本理论和方法，包括学生心理特征、心理发展及其影响因素、教育心理咨询等方面的知识。
3. 教育评价：考生需要了解教育评价的基本理论和方法，包括
评价目标、评价标准和方法、评价结果的运用等方面的知识。
4. 教育管理：考生需要了解教育管理的基本理论和方法，包括教育资源管理、教育质量管理、教育改革管理等方面的知识。
以上是教资英语学科知识与教育能力考点的归纳总结，希望对备考教育资格证考试的英语教师们有所帮助。
教师资格证外语教育知识与能力简答题归纳汇总
教师资格证外语教育知识与能力简答题归
纳汇总
第一部分语言知识
语音知识
- 拼音规则及应用
- 四声规律和变调规律
- 音节结构、重读和轻读
- 特殊音（拼音中特有的音）
- 声调的意义、类型及区分
- 浊音、清音的发音及特点
- 同音异调、同调异音、多音字及其应用
- 外语中的读音规律及英语中重读音节规律
语法知识
- 中文句子成分及其功能
- 并列句、复合句和简单句的概念、特征、类型和结构
- 句子的语序及其特点
- 语法关系（主谓关系、动宾关系、定状补关系、并列关系、从属关系）
- 助动词的种类、用法及其含义
- 外语语法中的基本句型和时态
词汇知识
- 词类及其区分
- 同义词、反义词的辨析
- 单词的构成及其排序
- 多义词、近义词和错误词用法
第二部分形式与技巧
外语教学中的思维技巧
- 思维的类型和层次
- 思维技巧的种类和难点
外教教学中的语言技巧
- 外教教学中的情景语言（简介、道歉、询问等常用情景）
- 外教教学中的听说技巧（如声音的语调、正确发音等）
- 教学中的情态动词（如“可以”、“应该”等）
外语教学中的心理技巧
- 研究的目标和难点
- 研究的心态
结束语
以上就是本文对于教师资格证外语教育知识与能力简答题的归纳汇总，只要认真掌握上述内容，并且在实践中多加运用，相信一定能够取得优异的成绩。
教资初中英语《学科知识与教学能力》考点总结
教资•初中英语•《学科知识与教学能力》考点总结●听力教学●模式●自下而上的听力教学模式bottom-up model （微观→ 宏观）●强调语言知识对听力的影响●安排适当听力技能的训练，及词汇、语法知识的讲解听力理解前●自上而下的听力教学模式top-down model （宏观→ 微观）●侧重背景知识的作用●交互式的听力教学模式interactive model （自下而上 & 自上而下的结合）●克服语言、文化障碍听力教学的理想模式●过程（PWP）⭕注重听中●听前环节pre-listening●准备环节激发学习动机，激活已有图式（schema)，帮助学生做好提前准备●活动●介绍相关背景知识●教授生词或重难点句型●学生预测听力材料内容●呈现图片、播放影像，提出开放性问题，引导讨论相关话题●听中环节while-listening●关键环节主要目标：培养信息理解能力、训练听力技能●活动●培养辨音能力的活动discrinination●辨别语音、重弱读、意群●选择听到的单词、句子●根据录音排列单词、句子、图片等●培养交际信息辨别能力的活动identify communication signals●识别对话中的新信息指标语、例证指示语、话题中止语、话题转换指示语等●培养大意理解能力的活动listen for the gist ( 宏观角度 )●理解对话或独白的主题、意图、大意●听录音，判断听前预测是否正确●培养细节理解能力的活动listen for specific information ( 微观角度 )●获取具体信息●培养推理判断和预测能力的活动infer and predict●根据语气、对话内容，推断说话人的意图、态度、说话人之间的关系、预测下文●推测个别表达的作用、代词的指代内容、说话人的身份和态度、对话发生的时间和地点、接下来的情节●培养词义猜测能力的活动guess word meaning●猜测听力材料中出现的陌生表达方式含义●培养记笔记能力的活动take notes●根据听力材料的类型、要求，用简单的符号、数字、有代表性的字母记录所听信息●注意●精听careful listening●通过听材料，把材料内容感知一遍，加深学生对材料细节内容的理解●泛听extensive listening●初步听材料并回答问题，初步了解文章的主旨大意和基本内容●听后环节post-listening●作用：巩固与深化加工重组型信息，加深理解●活动●重要的生词和语法作解释和扩展帮助巩固和拓展所学知识●针对听力材料多角度提问●跟读听力、复述听力材料内容、讨论相关话题●编创对话、角色扮演，培养合作意识●培养想象力、书面表达能力●培养批判思维●评价对话或语篇中事件或说话人的做法●体会对话或语篇背后隐含的意义●策略●培养学生良好的语感●培养语音感觉●培养语意感觉●培养对语言感情色彩的感觉●培养学生良好的听力习惯●听前环节浏览信息●边听边记录，边听边记忆●遇到无法听懂的词句，继续听下去●营造轻松的听力氛围●缓解压力，增强信心●口语教学●内容●语言形式language form●语言内容language content●（交际）功能functions●（文化与交际）策略strategies●原则●平衡流利性与准确性●口语要流利、准确流利：语言顺畅、意义完整表达准确：语音形式正确使用●模仿性口语●及时纠错●交际性口语●允许错误的发生，尽量不打断学生的思路●情境化原则●针对不同教学内容，创设贴近学生生活经历的话语情境●真实性、可操作性，培养跨文化交际的意识和能力●激励性原则●尽可能多的为学生开口说英语创造机会●克服紧张、害怕出错的心理，及时加以肯定和鼓励，及时表扬●信息沟原则●信息沟（information gap)：不同人掌握信息方面存在的差距也叫信息不对称●由于这种差距，人们才有了交际活动●调查survey●讨论discussion●采访interview●发展口语策略原则●加强口语策略的讲解和训练●策略：引出话题、维持交谈、转移与终止话题、引起注意、表示倾听和理解、插话、回避、转码、释义、澄清、求助●听说结合原则●增加语言知识类的语言输入●积累话题的素材●活动多样化原则●兴趣、主动性、参与性●过程( PWP )●说前环节pre-speaking●首要任务：让学生明确口语活动的话题●活动●头脑风暴、阅读材料减少学生的表达障碍●播放语口语活动相关的听力材料了解话题，积累语言素材●说中环节while-speaking●任务注意●学生：在规定的时间内完成口语活动●教师：巡场●活动：要有梯度（简单→ 难）●活动●控制性和机械性活动controlled or mechanical activities●扩展句子expand sentences●朗读read aloud●模仿imitate●复述retell●听写dictate●翻译translate●背诵recite●半控制性或半机械性活动semi-controlled or semi-mechanical activities●情景对话situational conversation●图片描述describe pictures●开放性和创造性活动open or creative activities●涉及信息相互传递，围绕某一话题/问题，以结对/ 小组合作的方式开展●活动●采访interview●调查survey●自由交谈free talk●猜谜游戏guessing game●小组讨论group discussion●角色扮演role-play●辩论debate●即兴演讲impromptu speech●说后环节post-speaking●安排展示和评价活动，帮助学生纠正错误●阅读教学●模式●自上而下的模式top-down m model （宏观→ 微观）●重视背景知识导入，运用自己的知识对文章的下文进行预测●优点●着眼于从整体上把握文章，培养学生的速度能力●缺点●不利于积累和掌握基础语言知识●自下而上的模式bottom-up model （微观→ 宏观）●对材料的理解：从比较小的语言文字单位到比较大的单位●过程：“刺激-反应-强化”阅读，是各项基本的阅读能力的培养和强化●优点●更注重细节●缺点●不利于阅读速度的提升●不能从更高的角度理解文章的深层含义●交互补偿的模式interactive compensatory model●是以上两种模式的结合●过程（ PWP ）⭕注重读中●读前环节pre- reading●激发阅读动机，激活背景知识，减少阅读障碍，做好阅读准备●活动●呈现图片、视频、标题、谜语，预测阅读材料的主题、语境/ 主要内容●教授重点单词、短语、句型●呈现标题、图片、播放视频，介绍阅读材料的背景知识●提出开放性问题●读中环节while-reading●阅读为主，帮助理解阅读材料，训练阅读技能●活动●判断预测是否正确，总结文章大意或段意，给阅读材料拟定标题●找到事实性问题的答案，判断正误，提取信息，完成表格，补全句子，将材料中的事件进行排序●读后环节post-reading●开展评价性和应用性活动，巩固和拓展知识●活动●学生评估自己阅读过程中的表现●根据一定的线索（如：思维导图）复述材料内容，加深阅读材料的理解和记忆●角色扮演●采访活动，调查活动，讨论活动●教师指导学生进行写作，提升书面表达能力●学生对故事类语篇进行简单的续编●制作展板/ 海报，培养创作和动手能力●基本技能●略读/ 跳读skimming●尽可能快的速度，有选择的阅读，跳过某些细节，只抓住文章大意●可着重关注起始段和结尾段、段落的主题句、与主题句相关的信息、标题、架构●寻读/ 查读scanning●通过快速阅读，在文字资料中查询特定的细节信息，带有明确的目的性●利用关键词、小标题、图片、表格等快速定位●猜测词义word-guessing●扩大词汇量的有效方法●利用上下文、同义词、反义词、构词法●预测predicting●借助标题、图片等信息，对文章题材、题材、结构脉络、内容等进行预测文章体裁：记叙文、说明文、议论文题材：经济、政治、历史、文化、科普●推理inferring●透过表面意思，领悟言外之意、语气、态度●识别指代关系recognizing the reference●分析、判断、整体阅读、归纳和总结●策略●泛读与精读相结合●阅读与说、写相结合●阅读是一种语言输入，最终应转化为语言输出●激发学生阅读兴趣●阅读材料：趣味性●阅读任务：多样性、丰富性●不同文体侧重不同要点●布置不同的阅读任务●写作教学●模式●重结果product-oriented approach●注重写作成品●重过程process-oriented approach●写作内容与写作过程并重●重内容content-oriented approach●强调写作内容的丰富性主张通过不同渠道收集素材，丰富写作内容●过程( PWP ) ⭕注重写前●写前环节pre-writing●激发写作动机，帮助积累素材，明确写作思路和文章结构（格式），为初稿写作做准备（语言形式、语言结构，词、句型）●活动●头脑风暴brainstorming●讨论或调查discussion/ survey●分析范文analyzing the sample article●绘制思路图/ 思维导图drawing a mind map●用途●可以帮助学生记录并整理思路●学生：组织学习内容，整理知识框架，提升学习效率●教师：制定教学计划，整理教学设计，展示教学内容，提升教学效率●注意事项●相关性●灵活性●适度性●写提纲drawing up an outline●写中环节while-writing●要求：注意检查单词，拼写标点，句子表达，文章结构，时间，内容，主题●写后环节post-writing●对初稿进行推敲、润色、修改、评析、分享●活动●自改与互改self-editing and peer-editing●修订revising●对文章进行修改完善●分享和评价sharing and evaluating●邀请几名学生分享自己的文章，并给予评价●形式●控制性写作controlled writing （重复、机械、练习）●抄写copying●填空blank-filling●完成句子completion●句型转换transformation●造句making sentences●指导性写作guided writing （限制）●段落写作●摘要性写作●基于调查问卷的写作●表达性写作expressive writing （开放性）●随意写作●学生可以随意写他们想写的任何事情●叙述和描述细节●语言水平高的学生，可以根据他们所熟悉的主题写一些小文章●原则●模仿性与应用性相结合●重过程与重结果相结合●写作与听说、阅读有机结合●学习性写作和交际性写作相结合。
教师资格证英语学科知识考试重点
教师资格证英语学科知识考试重点英语考试五大重点难点想要在资格证笔试中取得好的成绩，必须突破一下常考难点。
As引导的让步状语从句中的倒装是单选题中的常考点，也是考生比较纠结的点。
阅读的教学模式、形成性评价和教师角色在国考资格证笔试试卷中呈现的题型可以是单选题、简答题，也可以在教学情景分析题和教学设计题中隐性考查！一、在教授英语阅读课时，教师常用的阅读教学模式有哪几种?英语阅读教学常用教学模式有三种：自上而下的模式、自下而上的模式和交互补偿模式。
(1)自上而下的模式(the top-down model)是在对语言层次的词语进行解码时，同样也运用自己的知识对文章的下文进行预测，阅读检验自己的预测、修订自己的预测、进行新的预测。
教师可以向学生介绍一些背景知识，预测文章内容，验证预测内容，从而到最后的理解文意。
(2)自下而上的模式(the bottom-up model)是从字母到单词，到句子，逐个进行解码从而理解全文。
该模式在阅读教学中比较看重词汇教学，包括读前讲授单词和阅读过程中词语用法的分析。
(3)交互补偿模式(the interactive model)是以上两种模式的结合，是比较科学的模式。
它既强调背景知识、上下文预测的重要性.又不忽视单词、短语的解码能力.迅速捕捉关键信息以理解阅读材料的重要性，反映了阅读过程的本质。
二、什么是形成性评价?形成性评价是指教师在英语教学过程中，通过问卷法、问答法、观察记录法、学生作品分析法以及测验等方法，对学生学习过程中表现出的兴趣、态度、参与活动程度和他们的语言发展状态做出判断，对他们的学习尝试做出肯定，以促进学生的学习积极性，帮助教师改进教学。
形成性评价还包括学生相互评价和学生自我评价等方式，它伴随着整个英语教学过程，对英语教学起着十分重要的促进作用。
三、为什么在英语教学过程中应以形成性评价为主?①在英语教学中实施形成性评价有利于激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，增强学生学习动机；②调动全体学生的积极性，使每一个学生都能参与到教学的各个环节中来；③创造一种紧张而又活跃的课堂气氛；④让每一个学生都能发现自己的优点，看到自己的进步，使每一个学生的价值在英语课堂得以体现，从而帮助学生树立自信心；⑤培养学生良好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略；⑥培养学生自我管理的意识和能力；⑦帮助发展学生自主学习的能力和合作精神，从而不断提高教育教学水平，提高英语教学质量。
教资之高中英语学科知识与教学能力
语言知识与能力第一章英语语言知识语音知识①字母，音素（元音20，辅音28），音标IPA②语音的结合及其变化【音节，字母与字母组合的发音规律，语言现象（连续，重音，语调，爆破，同化）】词汇知识①近义词，近形词②动词短语③介词短语④习惯搭配语法知识①常用词类（名词，代词，数词，冠词，连词，形容词副词，介词，动词）②动词的时态和语态（主动与被动语态）③非谓语动词（不定式，动名词，分词）④句子成分（主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，表语，补语）⑤句子种类（陈述句，疑问句，感叹句，祈使句）⑥句子类型（简单句，并列句，复合句—定从，状从，主从，宾从，表从，同从）⑦特殊句型（倒装，省略，强调，虚拟语气，独立主格）⑧主谓一致（语法一致，意义一致，就近原则）语言学基本知识①语言学绪论语言特点—任意性，二层性，创造性，移位性；语言功能—信息功能，人际功能，施为功能（奥斯丁，塞尔），感情功能，寒暄功能，娱乐功能，元语言功能语言学分支——微观语言学（语言学Phonetics 音系学Phonology 形态学Morphology 句法学Syntax 语义学Semantics 语用学Pragmatics）宏观语言学（心理语言学，社会语言学）重要区别—描写式与规定式，共时与历时（索绪尔），语言与言语（索绪尔），语言能力与语言运用（乔姆斯基）②语言学与音系学（语言学定义，语音分类）（音位与音位变体，最小对立对，音系过程，规则与区别特征，超音段—音节，重音，语调，声调）③形态学（语素Morpheme—最小的意义单位，词的分类，词的构成，词汇变化）④句法学（句法关系，语法构成和成分，范畴，递归性，句子之外）句子之外-衔接（韩礼德，哈森）⑤语义学（“意义”的含义，指称论，涵义关系，成分分析法）指称论-语义三角（奥格登，瑞恰兹）⑥语用学（言语行为理论（奥斯丁），会话含义理论（格莱斯））⑦修辞学（音韵修辞手段，词义修辞手段，句法修辞手段）⑧语言习得（第一语言习得，二语习得，一语习得与二语习得的区别，中介语，母语，对比分析与错误分析）⑨社会语言学（言语社区和语言变体，称谓语，双语现象，双语制与多语制）第二章语言能力目标要求语言表达能力和沟通能力①语言表达能力（教师语言的含义，教师语言的功能）含义—传授过程中使用的语言（口头语言，书面语言，体态语言）；功能—教育功能，示范功能，能力训练功能，激励功能，调控功能②沟通能力（教师与学生的沟通，教师与家长的沟通，教师与教师的沟通）获取资源和信息的能力①资源与信息的内涵②获取信息和资源的目的与意义（为课程资源开发提供直接的资源保障，为二次开发课程资源提供依据和准备，为开发校本课程，建立学习特色体系服务，为教师自身的专业发展服务）③获取资源和信息应具备的能力（筛选与鉴别的能力，收集与处理信息的能力，课程资源的整合能力，探究与解决问题的能力）④获取资源和信息的途径（积极开发教材资源，充分利用校内资源，注重利用校外资源，充分利用信息技术和互联网络）语言教学知识与能力第一章外语教学基本理论语言和语言学习①语言观结构主义语言观（索绪尔）—听说法，全身反应法，沉默法功能主义语言观—交际法，自然法交互语言观交际语境—任务型教学法②语言学习观行为主义学习理论（斯金纳）重复和强化—听说法认知学习理论（乔姆斯基）语言是一套基于规则的系统—认知教学法建构主义学习理论通过人际间的协作活动外语教学法主义流派①语法翻译法（目的是培养阅读能力，用母语教学，以教师为中心，忽视语境）②直接法（不用少用母语，不重语法直接背，口语语言教学）③听说法弗里斯，拉多（限制母语使用强调口语的第一性，反复操练，归纳性类推不解释，马上纠错，分为听说读写）④情景法/视听法（语言和情景想结合，视觉感知和听觉感知结合，整体结构感知。
2024年教师资格(中学)-英语学科知识与教学能力(初中)考试历年真题摘选附带答案
2024年教师资格（中学）-英语学科知识与教学能力（初中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) Language is a tool of communication. The symbol “Highway Closed” on a highway serves→ ←.A. an expressive functionB. an informative functionC. a performative functionD. a persuasive function2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I’ve loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat writing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world.Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother.“But the desk.” she’d said again, “It's for Elizabeth.”I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional”. But she lived on the surface”.As years passed I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family.I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer.None came.My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace—it seemed that nothing happene I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to mother.I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.Now the present of her desk told, as she'd never been able to, that she was pleased thatwriting was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside—a photo of my father and a one—page letter, folded and refolded many times.Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always choose the actthat speaks louder than words. The underlined word “gulf” in the passage means→ ←.A. deep understanding between the old and the youngB. different ideas between the mother and the daughterC. free talks between mother and daughterD. part of the sea going far in land3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) 40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke-Mandeville, Englandin 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been askedby the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast Teams now come from abroadto Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now, every four years the Olympic Gamesfor the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, althoughthey are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding,and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can’t enjoy sport. One small sourceof disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded. The first games for the disabled were held→ ←after Sir Ludwig Guttmann arrived in England.A. 40 yearsB. 21 yearsC. 10 yearsD. 9 years4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I’ve loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough tosee above the top of it as mother sat writing letters. Standing by her chair, looking atthe ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world.Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother.“But the desk.” she’d said again, “It's for Elizabeth.”I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. Butas a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional”. But she livedon the surface”.As years passed I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family.Iwrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer.None came.My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace—it seemed that nothing happene I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to mother.I only knew thatI had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.Now the present of her desk told, as she'd never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside—a photo of my father and a one—page letter, folded and refolded many times.Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always choose the act that speaks louder than words. The passage shows that→ ←.A. mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughterB. mother was too serious about everything her daughter had doneC. mother eared much about her daughter in wordsD. mother wrote to her daughter in careful words5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) In which of the following situations is the teacher playing the role of observer?→ ←A. Giving feedback and dealing with errors.B. Organizing students to do activities by giving instructions.C. Walking around to see how each student performs in group work.D. Offering help to those who need it both in ideas and language.6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) One evening, while Marcos Ugarte was doing his homework and his father, Eduardo, prepared lesson plans, they heard someone yelling outside. Eduardo, 47, and Marcos, 15, stepped onto the porch of their home in Troutdale, Oregon, and saw a commotion four doors d own, outside the home of their neighbors, the Ma family. “I didn’t think anything was wrong.” Eduardo recalls. “I told Marcos we should give them some privacy.” He headed back inside, but Marcos’s eye was caught by a glow from the Ma house."Dad, the house is on fire!” Marcos cried.Clad only in shorts, the barefoot teen sprinted toward the Ma’s home with his dad. Grandmother Yim Ma, mother Suzanne Ma, and son Nathan Ma were gathered on the front lawn yelling for help. When the Ugartes got there，they saw father Alex Ma stumbling down the stairs, coughing, his face black with soot."Is anyone else in the house?” Eduardo asked."My son!” Alex managed to say, pointing to the second floor Eduardo started up the stairs, but thick, black smoke, swirling ash, and intense heat forced him to his knees. He crawled upstairs and down the hall where Alex said he would find Cody, eight, who had locked himselfin a bedroom.As the fire raged across the hall, Eduardo banged on the bedroom door and tried to turn the doorknob. Cody didn’t respond Eduardo made his way back downstairs.Meanwhile, Marcos saw Yim and Suzanne pulling an aluminum ladder out of the garage. “Cody was standing at the window, screaming for help,"says Marcos, "I knew I had to do something.” He grabbed the ladder, positioned it near the window, and climbed toward the boy.When Marcos reached the window, he pushed the screen into the room and coaxed Cody out. “It’s OK.” Marcos told him. “I‘ve got you.”Holding Cody with one arm. Marcos descended the ladder.When firefighters arrived, plumes of black smoke were billowing from the back of the house as flames engulfed the second floor. Emergency personnel took Cody to a nearby hospital,where he was treated for smoke inhalation and released. No one else was injured. The causeof the blaze is still under investigation."You just don’t see a teenager have that kind of→ composure←," says Mark Maunder, GreshamFire Department battalion chief.The Ma family relocated. The day after the fire, Alex visited Marcos. “Than k you for savingmy son.” Alex said. “You are his hero forever.”What does the underlined word “composure” in the last but one PARAGRAPH mean?→ ←.A. sympathyB. braveryC. calmnessD. warm-heartedness7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Resources can be said to be scarce in both an absolute and relative sense: the surface of the Earth is finite, imposing absolute scarcity; but the scarcity that concerns economists is the relative scarcity of resources in different uses. Materials used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes, if the quantity of an input is limited, the increased use of it in one manufacturing process must cause it to become less available for other uses.The cost of a product in terms of money may not measure its true cost to society. The truecost of, say, the construction of a supersonic jet is the value of the schools and refrigerators that will never be built as a result. Every act of production uses up someof society's available resources; it means the foregoing of an opportunity to produce something else. In deciding how to use resources most effectively to satisfy the wants ofthe community, this opportunity cost must ultimately be taken into account.In a market economy the price of a good and the quantity supplied depend on the cost of makingit, and that cost, ultimately, is the cost of not making other goods. The market mechanism enforces this relationship. The cost of, say, a pair of shoes is the price of the leather,the labor, the fuel, and other elements used up in producing them. But the price of thesein- puts, in turn, depends on what they can produce elsewhere-if the leather can be usedto produce handbags that are valued highly by consumers, the prices of leather will be bidup correspondingly. W hat does this passage mainly discuss?→ ←A. The scarcity of manufactured goods.B. The value of scarce materials.C. The manufacturing of scarce goods.D. The cost of producing shoes.8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Writing exercises like copying, fill-in, completions and transformation are mainly the type of exercises used in→ ←.A. controlled writingB. guided writingC. flee writingD. expressive writing9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following consonants doesn't fall under the same category according to the voicing?________A. [m]B. [b]C. [d]D. [p]10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is most suitable for the cultivation of linguistic competence?→ ←A. sentence-makingB. cue-card dialogueC. simulated dialogueD. learning syntax11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following sets of phonetic features characterizes the English phoneme [u:]?→ ←A. [high, back, rounded]B. [high, back, unfounded]C. [low, back, rounded]D. [low, front unfounded]12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) 40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke-Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can’t enjoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded. Besides Stoke Mandeville, surely the games for the disabled were once held in→ ←.A. New YorkB. LondonC. RomeD. Los Angeles13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —I’m going to study engineering in Peking University tomorrow.—→ ←.A. All the best in your studyB. All the best with your studyC. All the best in your businessD. All the best in your new job14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The doctor→ ←a medicine for my headache.A. subscribedB. describedC. prescribedD. inscribed15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When a lady customer intends to buy a coat with white stripes,what is she supposed to place an emphasis on if she says to the shop assistant?________A. I'd like a Red coat with .white stripesB. I'd Like a red coat with white stripes.C. I'd like a red coat with White StripesD. I'd like a red Coat with white stripes16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What purpose does NOT post-listening activities serve?→ ←A. Helping students relate the text with their personal experience.B. Offering students the opportunities of extending other language skills.C. Practicing students’ ability of matching the pre-listing predictions with contents ofthe text.D. Give the answer directly to students and not to explain.17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities can be adopted at thepre-reading stage?→ ←.A. rearranging the materialsB. brainstorming the topicC. writing a summary of the textD. draft framework18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativityhas remained constant to artists. No matter what objects they select, artists are to bringforth new forces and forms that cause change to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before.Landscape(风景)is another unchanging element of art. It can be found from ancient times through the 17th-century Dutch painters to the 19th-century romanticists and impressionists.In the 1970s, Alfred Leslie, one of the new American realists, continued this practice. Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had produced paintings of thesame scene a century and a half before. Unlike Cole who insists on a feeling of lonelinessand the idea of finding peace in nature, Leslie paints what he actually sees. In his paintings,there is no particular change in emotion, and he includes ordinary things like the highwayin the hack: ground. He also takes advantage of the latest developments of color photographyto help both the eye and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom. Besides, all art begs the age-old question: What is real? Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in one form or another. The impressionists saw realityin brief emotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and theCro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests.To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for artists of all periods.Over thousands of years the function of the arts has remained relatively constant. Past or present, Eastern or Western, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience. Manyand different are the faces of art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings. Which of the following is the ma in topic of the passage?→ ←A. History of the arts.B. Basic questions of the arts.C. New developments in the arts.D. Use of modem technology in the arts.19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) By the end of last year, nearly a million cars→ ←in that auto factory.A. had producedB. had been producedC. would be producedD. were produced20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) → ←the temperature might drop, coal was prepared for warming.A. To considerB. ConsideredC. ConsideringD. To be considered21.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) → ←a moment and I will go to your rescue.A. Go onB. Hold onC. Move toD. Carry on22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The study of language development over a period of time is generally called→ ←linguistics.A. appliedB. synchronicC. comparativeD. diachronic23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is a slip of tongue?→ ←A. Seeing is believing.B. Where there is smoke, there is fire.C. Where there is life, there is hope.D. Where there is a way, there is a will.24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following statements is NOT a way of presenting new vocabulary?_A. Defining.B. Using real objects.C. Writing a passage by using new words.D. Giving explanations.25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) For a while, my neighborhood was taken ever by an army of joggers(慢跑者). They were there all the time: early morning, noon, and evening. There were little old ladies in gray sweats, young couples in Adidas shoes, middle-aged men with red faces. "Come on!" My friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house every evening. "You'll feel great."Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army. I’m not alone in my opinion.First of all, jogging is very hard on the body. Your legs and feet a real pounding(追击)ruining down a road for two or three miles. I developed foot, leg, and back problems. Then I readabout a nationally famous jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging, and I had something else to worry about Jogging doesn't kill hundreds of people, but if you have any physical weaknesses, jogging will surely bring them out, as they did with me.Secondly, I got no enjoyment out of jogging. Putting one foot in front of the other for forty-five minutes isn't my idea of fun. Jogging is also a lonely pastime. Some joggers say, "I love being out there with just my thoughts." Well, my thoughts began to bore me, and most of them were on how much my legs hurt.And how could I enjoy something that brought me pain? And that wasn't just the first week, it was practically every day for two months. I never got past the pain level, and pain isn't fun. What a cruel way to do it! So many other exercises, including walking, lead to almost the same results painlessly, so why jog?I don't jog any more, and I don't think I ever will. I’m walking two miles three times a week at a fast pace, and that feels good. I bicycle to work when the weather is good. I'm getting exercise, and I'm enjoying it at the same time. I could never say the same for jogging, and I've found a lot of better ways to stay in shape. What was the writer's attitude towards jogging in the beginning?→ ←A. He felt it was worth a try.B. He was very fond of it.C. He was strongly against it.D. He thought it must be painful.26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher attempts to implement the top-down model to teach listening, he is likely to present_____.A. new words after playing the tapeB. new words before playing the tapeC. background information after playing the tapeD. background information before playing the tape27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air.One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurts and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly. Pruning should b e done to→ ←.A. make the tree grow tallerB. improve the shape of the treeC. get rid of the small branchesD. make the small branches thicker28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following statements about Audio-lingual Methodis wrong?→ ←A. The method involves giving the learner stimuli in the form of prompts.B. The method involves praising the correct response or publishing incorrect response untilthe right one is given.C. Mother tongue is accepted in the classroom just 8s the target language.D. Emphasis is laid upon using oral language in the classroom; some reading and writing mightbe done as homework.29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I’ve loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough tosee above the top of it as mother sat writing letters. Standing by her chair, looking atthe ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world.Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother.“But the desk.” she’d said again, “It's for Elizabeth.”I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. Butas a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.They never happened. And a gulf o pened between us. I was “too emotional”. But she livedon the surface”.As years passed I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family.Iwrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that shedid forgive me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer.None came.My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace—it seemed that nothing happene I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to mother.I only knew thatI had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.Now the present of her desk told, as she'd never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside—aphoto of my father and a one—page letter, folded and refolded many times.Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always choose the actthat speaks louder than words. What did mother do with her daughter's letter asking forgiveness?A. She had never received the letter.B. For years, she often talked about the letter.C. She didn't forgive her daughter at all in all her life.D. She read the letter again and again till she die.30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) It was not→ ←she took off her dark glasses→ ←I realized she was a famous actress.A. when; thatB. until; thatC. until; whenD. when; then31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments-mostly for entertainment purposes is fair and respectful?Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain "collections" of interesting "things" rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored， lonely, and far from their natural homes.Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species， but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species name, diet, and natural range. The animals normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals natural needs.The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A world-wide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Havent we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals natural habitats.The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by→←.A. pointing out the faults in what zoos doB. using evidence he has collected at zoosC. questioning the way animals are protectedD. discussing the advantages of natural habitats32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When Thomas Butler stepped off a plane in April 2002 on his return to the United States from a trip to Tanzania, he set in motion a chain of events that now threatens to destroy his life. A microbiologist at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Butler was bringing back samples of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis for his research. Yet on re-entering the country, he is alleged to have passed right by US customs inspectors without notifying them that he was carrying this potentially deadly cargo. That move and its consequences have led the federal government to prosecute Butler for a range of offences. If convicted on all counts, he could be fined millions of dollars and spend the rest of his life in jail.The US scientific community has leapt to butlers defense, arguing that his prosecution is over- zealous, alarming and unnecessary. The presidents of the National Academy of Sciences。
教师资格证考试-笔试-《英语学科知识与教学能力》(高中)-教材知识点整理-前半部分
【所使用的教材信息】：2019年下半年考试使用的教材；【注意】：打印前请注意排版以及文档中图片的大小是否合适；因内容较多，分成两个文档，这是前半部分！第一部分英语语言知识第一章语音知识第一节字母、音素和音标一、英文字母1、英文字母的发音：2、英文字母的分类：二、英语音素1、音素：音素是音的最小的单位，英语中有48个音素，按照发音时气流是否受阻，分为元音音素（20个）和辅音音素（28 个）；2、元音音素的分类：①单元音和双元音：②根据设最高部分的位置，单元音可分为：③根据发音的长短，单元音可分为：④根据唇的圆展，单元音可分为：⑤根据舌抬起的高度，单元音可以分为：⑥根据口形的大小，单元音可分为：3、辅音因素的分类：①根据发音方式，辅音可分为：②根据发音部位，辅音可分为：③根据声带振动与否，辅音可分为：三、英语音标1、音标：音标是记录音素的符号，是音素的标写符号；其制定规则是：一个音素只用一个音标表示，而一个音标并不只表示一个音素；目前我国通用的国际音标共有48个，其中，元音音标20个，辅音音标28个；2、标音法：无声子音【p, k, t】在【s】后面会丧失送气的现象，如：peak和speak，其宽式标音是：/pi:k/和/spi:k/，其严式标音是：【phi:k】和【spi:k】；第二节语音是的结合及其变化一、音节1、音节：音节是读音的基本单位，一个元音音素可以构成一个音节，一个元音音素和一个或几个辅音音素结合也可以构成一个音节；一般来说，辅音音素不响亮，不能构成音节，但阴雨辅音音素中有一些响音，他们和辅音音素结合，也可以构成音节，如:[m][n][n][l]等；2、音节的划分：几个拼起来发音的字母较一个“音节”，音节有开音节、闭音节、半开音节之分，不同的单词有不同的音节划分；常见的划分音节的方法如下：3、音节的类型：⑴单音节：单音节词都重读；⑵双音节；⑶三音节；⑷多音节；⑸成音节：一个辅音因素加上一个/l/或/m/或/n/，构成成音节；4、重读音节：⑴开音节：包括绝对开音节和相对开音节；①绝对开音节：以发音的元音字母结尾的音节；如：me；②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音的字母e组成的重读音节；如：name；⑵闭音节：单个元音字母后面有辅音字母（r, w, y除外）且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节；如：bag；⑶-r音节：元音字母+r；如：car；⑷-re音节：元音字母+re；三、语音现象1、连读：在连贯地说话或朗读时，在同一个意群（即短语或从句）中，如果相邻的两个词前者以辅音音素结尾，后者以元音音素开头，就要自然地将辅音和元音相拼，构成一个音节，这就是连读；连读符号是：~；连读的类型如下：①辅音+元音：②元音+元音：③辅音+辅音：④r/re+元音：如果前一个词以r或re结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这时r/re要与后面的元音拼起来连读；如：They‘re my father~and mother.⑤不可连读：当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现，也不可连读；2、爆破：①爆破;⑥爆破类型;3、重读：⑵句子重读：在句子中，一般重读的是实词，如名词、动词、形容词、副词等，不重读的多为虚词，如冠词、连词、感叹词等；4、弱读：5、语调：英语中有五种基本语调：升调（）、降调（）、升降调（）、降升调（）、平调（）；⑵降调：陈述句、特殊疑问句、表示命令的祈使句、问候用语、感谢用语以及感叹句一般都用降调；在并列句中，若前后两个分句关系紧密且是顺承关系，则用升降调，若两个分句同等重要，或联系不紧密，则都用降调；⑶升降调：主要用语表达“蔑视、嘲笑、惊奇、自满得意”等；⑷降升调：用来表示“不肯定、话中有话”，还可表示“警告、安慰、鼓励”等；6、同化：7、英美发音的区别：第二章词汇知识（看教材）第三章词法知识+第四章句法知识—会陆续单独整理第五章语言学知识第一节语言学绪论一、语言1、语言定义：语言是言语交际（verbal communication）的一种方式，是人类用于交流的一种任意的声音符号系统（a system of arbitrary vocal symbols）。
教资英语学科知识与教育能力考点归纳
教资英语学科知识与教育能力考点归纳教育部门在招聘教师时往往要求考生参加教育知识与能力测试，其中英语学科知识与教育能力是重点考核内容。
本文将从以下几个方面对教资英语学科知识与教育能力考点进行归纳和阐述。
一、英语语法英语语法是英语学科知识中的重要部分。
教师需要掌握英语的基本语法规则，如时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。
同时还需了解常见的句型和语法错误，如倒装句、虚拟语气等。
二、英语阅读理解英语阅读理解是教育能力测试中的重要考点。
教师需要具备较强的阅读理解能力，能够熟练阅读各种英语材料，并在理解的基础上进行表达和分析。
此外，还需要了解阅读技巧和策略，如扫读、略读、精读、理解主旨等。
三、英语写作能力英语写作能力是教育能力测试的另一个考核点。
教师需要具备较高的写作能力，能够写出符合语法规则、表达清晰、逻辑结构合理、有适当语调的英语作文。
同时还需要了解写作技巧，如写作步骤、写作组织结构等。
四、英语听力能力教师需要具备较强的英语听力能力，能够听懂各种英语材料，如短对话、长对话、新闻报道、讲座等。
同时还需要了解听力技巧，如听录音前的准备、听力时的注意事项等。
五、英语口语能力英语口语能力也是教育能力测试的重要考核点。
教师需要具备较高的英语口语能力，能够流利、准确地表达各种情境下的英语口语，如面试、授课、讲座、交流等。
同时还需要了解口语技巧，如语言表达技巧、口音纠正等。
综上所述，教育部门要求考生参加教育知识与能力测试，其中英语学科知识与教育能力是重点考核内容。
教师需要掌握英语语法、阅读理解、写作能力、听力能力和口语能力等方面的知识和能力，才能够胜任英语教学工作。
教资初中英语《英语学科知识与教学能力》第四章考点总结
教资•初中英语《英语学科知识与教学能力》第四章考点总结●语言学绪论●⭕语言是言语交际的一种方式verbal communication人类用以交际的具有任意性的语音符号系统a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication●定义特征design features●arbitrariness任意性●语言符号的形式与表示的意义没有天然的联系forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.●duality二层性●语言有两层结构的特性two levels of structures●底层单位secondary unit●语音sounds本身不传达意义●上层单位primary unit●词words有意义的单位●creativity/ productivity创造性/能产性●来源：二层性&递归性recursiveness●displacement移位性●用语言符号代表在当前时间和空间上不存在的物体、事件和观念。
time and space eg.: 过去past、现在present、将来future●cultural transmission文化传习性●interchangeability-both a producer and receive互换性●★功能●informative function信息功能●用语言传递、表达思想tell something●interpersonal function人际功能●用于人际交往，建立、维系和影响人际关系establish and maintain their status in a society ( eg.: 称呼他人“尊敬的XX”“亲爱的XX”；指代自己“约翰” )●performative function施为功能●语言能够“做事情”do things or perform actions （ eg.: 判刑、为孩子祈福……通常非常正式，甚至仪式化）●emotive function感情功能●表达态度、感觉the emotion and status （eg.: 摔倒时喊了一声“诶哟”）●phatic function寒暄功能●日常寒暄谈话，维持人际关系greetings，farewells and comments on the weather （eg.: 早上好good morning；上帝保佑god bless you；天气真好nice day）●recreational function娱乐功能●娱乐for joy ( eg.: 对歌，相声 )●metalingual function元语言功能●用语言讨论语言本身the analysis and description (eg.: 单词book指代一本书；the word "book"指代book这个词)●directive function指令功能●让听者做某事( eg.: 起立stand up; 请打开门open the door please )●⭕语言学linguistics●分支●微观语言学microlinguistics●语音学phonetic●研究语音speech sound●发音语音学articulatory phonetics●声学语音学acoustic phonetics●听觉语音学auditory phonetics●音系学phonology●分布distribution●排列sequencing●形态学morphology●研究意义的最小单位（语速&构词过程）●句法学syntax●语义学semantic●语用学pragmatics●在语境（context）中研究意义●宏观语言学macrolinguistics●心理语言学psycholinguistics●社会语言学sociolinguistics●人类语言学anthropological linguistics●计算语言学computational linguistics●区别●1●规定式●说明事情应该如何prescribing how things ought to be--rules●Don't say X.规定式的指令●描写式descriptive●描写事情本身时怎样的describing how things are●People don't say X.描写式的陈述●2●共时synchronic●取特定的时刻（a fixed instant）作为观察点●历时diachronic●在语言的历史演化中研究语言through the course of its history●3●语言langue●说话者的语言能力（linguistic competence）the abstract linguistic system●言语parole●语言的实际表现/语料（data）use/ performance●4competence●语言使用者对于语言规则系统的潜在认识（underlying knowledge）●语言运用performance●在具体场景中语言的实际运用（actual use）in concrete situations●★语音学音素（phoneme）是语音的最小单位按照发音时气流是否受阻（obstruction of air）划分为两大类音素●元音vowel●普通分类●单元音monophthong●双元音diphthong●舌最高部分位置the position of the highest part of the tongue●前元音front vowel●中元音central vowel●后元音back vowel●发音长短the length/ tenseness of the vowel●长元音long vowel●短元音short vowel●唇的圆展●圆唇元音rounded vowel●非圆唇元音unrounded vowel●舌抬起高度the height of tongue raising●高元音high vowel●中元音mid vowel●低元音low vowel●辅音consonant●发音方式the manner of articulation●塞音/ 爆破音stop/ plosive●/p/ , /b/ , /t/ , /d/ , /k/ , /g/●擦音fricative●/f/ , /v/ , /θ/ , /ð/ , /s/ , /z/ , /ʃ/ , /ʒ/ , /h/●塞擦音affricate●/tʃ/ , /dʒ/●鼻音nasal●/m/ , /n/ , /ŋ/●边音lateral●/l/●近音approximant●/w/ , /r/ , /j/●发音部位the place of articulation●双唇音bilabial●唇齿音labiodental●齿音dental●齿龈音alveolar●齿龈后音post-alveolar●硬颚音palatal●软腭音velar●声门音glottal●声带是否振动voicing/ vibration of the vocal cords●清辅音voiceless consonant●浊辅音voiced consonant●★音系学●★语音体系●音位phoneme●能区别单词意义的最小语音单位/tip/ 和 /dip/中，/t/ 和 /d/有区分意义功能，构成音位对立（phonemic contrast）●最小对立体minimal pair●（在词的层面）指除了出现在同一位置上的一个音之外，其余音都相同的两个语音组合/tip/ 和 /dip/是一组最小对立体●音位变体allophone●两个音位变体不能出现在相同位置上，且没有区别意义的功能，则为互补分布（complementary distribution）状态peak（送气p）与 speak（p出现在s后）●规则&特征●音系规则phonological rules●顺同化progressive assimilation●前面的音影响后面的音➡●逆同化regressive assimilation●后面的音影响前面的音⬅●相互同化reciprocal assimilation●相互影响，产生另一个完全不同于二者的音/d/+/j/=/dʒ/●区别特征distinctive features●二分特征binary features●有该特征：+●无该特征：-●超音段特征suprasegmentals●音节syllable●构成●节首onset●韵基rhyme●节核nucleus（韵基中的元音）●节尾coda（节核后的辅音）●开音节open syllable（没有节尾）●闭音节closed syllable（有节尾）●分类●单音节只有一个主体元音●双音节有两个主体元音●三元音有三个主体元音●多音节有三个以上的主体元音●成音节一个辅音音素加上一个 /l/ 或 /m/ 或 /n/ noodle /'nu:dl/ seven /'sevn/●重音stress●单词●单音节●多数都重读，不标出重音符号(eg.: beg, put)●双音节●多数在第一个音节(eg.: many, into)●前缀：a-, be-, de-, re-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, com-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans-,...（多数为动词），重音有时在第二个音节(eg.: be'have, in'form, re'ceive )●第一个音节为次重音，第二个音节为主重音●有些复合词(eg.: out'side )●前缀re-, un-, post-的双音节(eg.: ,re'tell ; ,un'real )●后缀-teen的双音节(eg.: ,fif'teen )●某些地名、国家名(eg.: ,ja'pan )●同时有多种词性●做v.时第二个音节重读●做n.或adj.时第一个音节重读●三音节●倒数第三个音节重读（多音节：同三音节，且次重音在倒数第五个）●含有前缀，重读在词根(eg.: un'friendly )●后缀：-ain, -ee, -eer, -ese,...，重读最后一个音节（双音节、三音节、多音节通用） (eg.: enter'tain, Japa'nese )●句子●实词n.，v.，adj.，adv.，数词，代词……●强调或突出某个虚词、人称代词、物主代词、关系代词、be动词●We saw him playing by the river.（强调we和him）●介词在句首●On my way to school, my bike was broken.●be动词、助动词与not结合●Didn't I tell you yesterday?●句子末尾的be动词、助动词●-Are you a student? -Yes, I am.●语调intonation●升调●表示不肯定用于一般疑问句（用 Yes 或 No 回答）●降调●表示肯定陈述句：I like ↘swimming. 特殊疑问句：What happened to her ↘car? 命令的祈使句：David, open the ↘door. 感谢：↘Thank you. 感叹句：How ↘beautifulthe flowers are!●升降调组合●数数、列举、一连串动作最后的并列成分降调，前面所有的并列成分升调●并列句中，顺承关系前一个分句升调，后一个分句降调（两份分句同等重要/ 两分句关系不紧密：两个分句都用降调。
教师资格考试高级中学英语学科知识与教学能力试题及答案指导(2024年)
2024年教师资格考试高级中学英语学科知识与教学能力复习试题及答案指导一、单项选择题（本大题有30小题，每小题2分，共60分）1、Which of the following activities is most suitable for developing students’ listening skills for specific information?A)Listening to a song and discussing its themeB)Participating in a debate on a current issueC)Completing a chart with details from a news reportD)Role-playing a conversation at a restaurantAnswer: C) Completing a chart with details from a news reportExplanation: This activity requires students to listen for and extract specific pieces of information, which is a key skill in listening comprehension. It helps train them to focus on particular details within a larger context, such as numbers, dates, or other factual data, that might be part of a news broadcast. Other options, while valuable, do not specifically target the skill of listening for detailed information.2、When designing a reading lesson, what is the primary purpose ofpre-reading activities?A)To practice grammar and vocabulary related to the textB)To introduce the topic and activate prior knowledgeC)To summarize the main points of the textD)To assess students’ comprehension after readingAnswer: B) To introduce the topic and activate prior knowledgeExplanation: Pre-reading activities are crucial for setting the stage for successful reading. They help to engage students with the topic, stimulate interest, and connect the new material to what they already know, thereby facilitating better understanding and retention. While practicing grammar and vocabulary can be beneficial, it is typically more aligned with during- or post-reading stages. Summarizing the main points and assessing comprehension are generally done after the reading has taken place.3、The sentence “The book is as interesting as a movie.” is an example of which figure of speech?A)HyperboleB)SimileC)MetaphorD)AlliterationAnswer: B) SimileExplanation: A simile is a figure of speech that compares two different things, typically using “as” or “like.” In this sentence, “as interesting as a movie” is comparing the book’s interest level to that of a movie.4、In the following sentence, “She sang beautifully,” the word “beautifully” is an example of what part of speech?A)VerbB)AdverbC)NounD)AdjectiveAnswer: B) AdverbExplanation: An adverb modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. In this sentence, “beautifully” modifies the verb “sang,” indicating how well she sang.5、Which of the following sentences correctly uses the passive voice?A) The book was read by Sarah.B) Sarah reads the book.C) The book read by Sarah.D) Sarah has been reading the book.Answer: A) The book was read by Sarah.Explanation: In this question, we are looking for the sentence that correctly uses the passive voice. The passive voice construction involves using a form of the verb ‘to be’ with the past participle of the main verb. Option A is correct because it uses ‘was read’, which is the past passive form of the verb ‘read’. The other options either use active voice (B and D) or have incomplete structure (C).6、What type of word formation process is illustrated in the creation of the word “unbelievable” from “believe”?A) ConversionB) CompoundingC) AffixationD) BlendingAnswer: C) AffixationExplanation: The term “unbelievable” is formed by adding the prefix “un-” and the suffix “-able” to the base word “believe.” This process of word formation, where affixes (prefixes or suffixes) are added to a root word to create new words, is known as affixation. Conversion refers to changing a word from one part of speech to another without changing the form of the word, compounding involves combining two or more words to create a new word, and blending is the process of creating a new word by merging parts of two existing words.7、The following sentence contains a verb that is in the passive voice. Which one is it?A. The book is being read by the students.B. The students are reading the book.C. The book reads by the students.D. The students read the book.Answer: AExplanation: The sentence in the p assive voice is “The book is being read by the students.” In the passive voice, the focus is on the action being done to the subject, which in this case is “the book.” The subject “the book” is being acted upon by the students.8、Choose the word that best completes the following sentence:The teacher__________the students to work in groups to complete the project.A. requiredB. permittedC. recommendedD. requestedAnswer: DExplanation: The correct word to complete the sentence is “requested.” This is bec ause “request” is a polite way of asking for something, which is appropriate in the context of a teacher asking students to work in groups. “Required” implies a mandatory action, “permitted” implies allowing something to happen, and “recommended” implies g iving a suggestion.9、Which of the following sentences correctly uses the subjunctive mood to express a wish or a hypothetical situation?A) If only I were younger, I could enjoy playing sports more.B) If he was here, he would help us.C) She wishes that she is at home.D) They demanded that the meeting will be postponed.Answer: A) If only I were younger, I could enjoy playing sports more.Explanation: The subjunctive mood is used to express wishes, suggestions, or situations that are contrary to fact or are unlikely to happen. In option A, “were” is the correct form to use in a wish clause, and “could” properlyexpresses a hypothetical situation.10、Choose the sentence that correctly demonstrates the use of a reported speech (indirect speech).A) He said, “I have already completed my homework.”B) She exclaimed, “This book is fascinating!”C) They asked if we had seen their lost cat.D) She asked me, “Are you coming to the party tonight?”Answer: C) They asked if we had seen their lost cat.Explanation: Reported speech (also known as indirect speech) involves reporting what someone else has said without using their exact words. In option C, the original direct question “Have you seen our lost cat?” is transformed into an indirect question “if we had seen their lost cat,” which is grammatically correct when reporting the speech.11.The sentence “The book is easy to read, but difficult to understand.” can be best paraphrased as:A)The book is readable, but comprehension is challenging.B)The book is easy, but it’s hard to grasp its meaning.C)The book is simple to read, but complex in its content.D)It’s simple to read the book, but it’s tough to understand it.Answer: AExplanation: Option A maintains the original meaning by using synonyms for “easy” (readable) and “difficult” (challenging) while keeping the structure of the sentence similar. The other options change the sentence structure or useslightly different meanings that do not convey the same idea as the original sentence.12.Which of the following phrases is most appropriate to use when addressinga group of students during a lesson?A)“Class, please pay attention to the board.”B)“Ladies and gentlemen, I need your full attention.”C)“Boys and girls, let’s begin with the next activity.”D)“Good afternoon, students, let’s move on to the exercise.”Answer: AExplanation: Option A is the most appropriate because it directly addresses the class and requests their attention, which is common practice in a classroom setting. Options B and D are too formal and may come across as unnecessary, while option C focuses on the activity rather than the immediate need for attention.13、Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)?A)Focusing on fluency over accuracyB)Emphasizing the use of authentic materialsC)Encouraging learner autonomyD)Prioritizing the teaching of grammatical structures in isolationAnswer: D) Prioritizing the teaching of grammatical structures in isolationExplanation: Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) emphasizes the importance of meaningful communication and the functional use of language. It encourages fluency and the use of authentic materials to simulate real-lifesituations. CLT also supports the development of learner autonomy by allowing students to take an active role in their learning process. The teaching of grammatical structures in isolation, which focuses on form rather than meaning or function, is not a typical feature of CLT and is more characteristic of traditional, teacher-centered approaches to language instruction.14、When designing a reading comprehension task, what is the most important factor to consider in order to ensure that the task is effective and engaging for high school students?A)The length of the textB)The relevance of the content to students’ interests and experiencesC)The complexity of the vocabulary used in the textD)The inclusion of pictures and diagramsAnswer: B) The relevance of the content to students’ interests and experiencesExplanation: To create an effective and engaging reading comprehension task, it’s crucial that the content resonates with the students’ own lives and interests. This connection can motivate them to read more closely and critically. While the length of the text, the complexity of the vocabulary, and visual aids such as pictures and diagrams can all play a role in the design of a good reading task, they are secondary to the relevance of the content. When students find the material relevant, they are more likely to be invested in understanding and analyzing the text, thus enhancing their comprehension skills and overall engagement with the subject matter.15.The sentence “He is a teacher who always encourages his students toexpress their opinions freely.” is a n example of a sentence that demonstrates which of the following teaching principles?A. ConformityB. AuthorityC. EncouragementD. AutonomyAnswer: C. EncouragementExplanation: This question tests the understanding of teaching principles. The sentence describes a teacher who encourages students to freely express their opinions, which is an example of the “Encouragement” principle. Conformity and Authority are teaching styles that do not necessarily involve encouraging free expression, while Autonomy is a student-centered approach that focuses on giving students the freedom to learn independently, which is not explicitly mentioned in the sentence.16.Which of the following is the most appropriate method to use when introducing a new topic to advanced English language learners?A. Direct translationB. Telling the storyC. Showing a related videoD. Using a vocabulary listAnswer: C. Showing a related videoExplanation: This question assesses the candidate’s knowledge ofappropriate teaching methods for different levels of English language learners. Advanced learners often benefit from multimedia resources to enhance their understanding. Showing a related video (Option C) can provide visual and auditory input, which can be more engaging and effective for advanced learners compared to direct translation (Option A), telling a story (Option B), or using a vocabulary list (Option D), which may be less engaging or not provide the necessary context for understanding.17、Which of the following best describes the role of formative assessment in an English language classroom?A. To rank students based on their performanceB. To provide feedback that can be used to improve teaching and learningC. To assign final grades at the end of the termD. To determine which students should be promotedAnswer: B. To provide feedback that can be used to improve teaching and learning.Explanation: Formative assessment is an ongoing process used by all teachers and students. It involves collecting evidence of learning during the learning process for the purposes of improving teaching and learning and focuses on the development of students’ linguistic competence.18、When teaching reading comprehension, which strategy would be most effective in helping students understand the main idea of a text?A. Focusing solely on vocabulary expansionB. Encouraging rote memorization of the textC. Discussing the text’s context and summarizing its key pointsD. Translating the text word-for-word into the students’ native languageAnswer: C. Discussing the text’s context and summarizing its key points.Explanation: Effective reading comprehension strategies involve helping students grasp the main ideas and themes of a text, rather than just focusing on vocabulary or translating word-for-word. By discussing the context and summarizing key points, students are better able to comprehend and retain the overall message of the text.19.In the following sentence, “The students were eagerly waiting for the teacher to arrive,” which word is an adverb?A. eagerlyB. waitingC. teacherD. arriveAnswer: AExplanation: The word “eagerly” is an adverb that modifies the verb “waiting,” indicating the manner in which the students were waiting.20.Which of the following phrases is an example of a present perfect continuous tense?A. He has just finished his homework.B. She is reading a book.C. They went to the park yesterday.D. I have eaten breakfast.Answer: AExplanation: Th e phrase “He has just finished his homework” is in the present perfect continuous tense, which is used to describe an action that started in the past and is still continuing at the present moment. The other options do not fit this tense structure.21.The following sentence is an example of a_______clause.A. restrictiveB. non-restrictiveC. relativeD. adverbialAnswer: CExplanation: The sentence “The book that you gave me is very interesting.” contains a relative clause that provides additional information about the noun “book.” Relative clauses are used to define or give more information about a noun, and they are introduced by relative pronouns or adverbs such as “who,” “which,” “that,” and “where.”22.In the sentence “She has a lot of experience in teaching English,” the word “a lot of” is used to express:A. timeB. amountC. qualityD. conditionAnswer: BExplanation: “A lot of” is a colloquial expression used to indicate a large amount or number of something. In this sentence, it is used to express the large amount of experience the subject has in teaching English. Therefore, the correct answer is “amount.”23.The following sentence contains an error in punctuation. Which one is it?A. She is a teacher, who teaches English at a high school.B. She is a teacher, who teaches English; she teaches at a high school.C. She is a teacher; she teaches English, and she teaches at a high school.D. She is a teacher, who teaches English at a high school; she is dedicated to her work.Answer: BExplanation: The correct answer is B because it uses a semicolon to connect two independent clauses, “who teaches English” and “she teaches at a high school.” The other options either lack proper punctuation or separate the two clauses with a comma, which is incorrect when used with independent clauses.24.Which of the following is an example of a cohesive device used in the following sentence?“The students were excited to learn new vocabulary, and they eagerlyparticipated in class discussions.”A. RepetitionB. CoherenceC. TransitionD. EllipsisAnswer: CExplanation: The correct answer is C, “Transition.” The word “and” serves as a transition word that connects two related ideas in the sentence. Repetition involves using the same words or phrases, coherence refers to the overall logical structure of the text, and ellipsis indicates the omission of words or phrases.25.The following sentence contains a sentence error. Which one is it?A. The teacher emphasized the importance of learning English through practice.B. It was after midnight that she realized she had left her keys at home.C. The more we practice, the better we become at speaking English.D. He not only teaches English but also coaches the school’s soccer team.Answer: DExplanation: The error in the sentence is the use of “not only … but also” with inversion, which is not necessary in this context. The correct sentence should be “He teaches English and coaches the school’s soccer team.” Therefore, the correct answer is D.26.Choose the word that does not belong to the following list:A. curriculumB. syllabusC. textbookD. worksheetE. classroomAnswer: EExplanation: The words “curriculum,” “syllabus,” “textbook,” and “worksheet” all relate to teaching materials and educational content. “Classroom,” on the other hand, refers to the physical space where teaching takes place. Therefore, “classroom” does not belong to the list, and the correct answer is E.27.The following sentence is correctly punctuated:A) He asked, “How are you doing?”B) He asked “How are you doing?”C) He asked: “How are you doing?”D) He asked; “How are you doing?”Answer: C)Explanation: The correct form of a direct question within a sentence is to use quotation marks and a comma after the question mark. Therefore, option C is the correct choice.28.Which of the following is an example of a simile?A) The wind howled like a wolf.B) The wind was cold and sharp.C) The wind was a terrible storm.D) The wind was so strong, it blew down the trees.Answer: A)Explanation: A simile is a figure of speech that compares two different things using “like” or “as.” Option A uses “like” to compare t he sound of the wind to that of a wolf, making it the correct answer. Options B, C, and D are descriptions but do not use the comparison form of a simile.29.In the following sentence, “The teacher’s enthusiasm was infectious,” which word best describes th e teacher’s behavior?A. MotivationalB. DiscouragingC. AnnoyingD. ImpersonalAnswer: A. MotivationalExplanation: The word “infectious” suggests that the teacher’s enthusiasm was so strong that it could spread to others, which implies a motivational behavior.30.Which of the following is an effective teaching strategy for introducinga new topic in an English lesson?A. Asking students to write their own definitions of the new vocabularywords.B. Telling students the definition of the new vocabulary words and moving on.C. Showing a video related to the new topic without any explanation.D. Reading the text to the students and asking them to follow along.Answer: A. Asking students to write their own definitions of the new vocabulary words.Explanation: Encouraging students to create their own definitions helps them to engage with the new vocabulary actively and promotes critical thinking. This strategy can also help students remember the words better.二、简答题（20分）Question:Explain the importance of vocabulary development in the English language teaching process and how teachers can effectively promote vocabulary learning in high school students.Answer:Vocabulary development plays a crucial role in the English language teaching process as it enhances stud ents’ overall language proficiency. Here are some key reasons for its importance:munication: A rich vocabulary allows students to express their thoughts and ideas more effectively, leading to better communication skills.prehension: Having a wide range of vocabulary enables students tounderstand and interpret texts more accurately.3.Academic success: Vocabulary knowledge is essential for academic success, as it helps students in reading, writing, and comprehending complex texts.4.Critical thinking: A diverse vocabulary aids in critical thinking and problem-solving skills as it allows students to analyze and evaluate information more effectively.To promote vocabulary learning effectively, teachers can employ the following strategies:1.Introduce new vocabulary through context: Present new words in meaningful contexts to help students understand their meaning and usage.e visual aids and realia: Incorporate visual aids, such as pictures, videos, and real objects, to make vocabulary learning more engaging and memorable.3.Encourage active learning: Engage students in activities like games, discussions, and role-playing to reinforce vocabulary learning.4.Provide opportunities for repetition: Use repetition in various forms, such as through songs, chants, and flashcards, to reinforce vocabulary learning.5.Assess vocabulary knowledge: Regularly assess students’ vocabulary knowledge through quizzes, tests, and oral presentations.6.Integrate vocabulary into all aspects of language teaching: Incorporate vocabulary into reading, writing, speaking, and listening activities to ensure comprehensive learning.e technology: Utilize educational apps, online resources, andmultimedia tools to make vocabulary learning more interactive and engaging.By implementing these strategies, teachers can effectively promote vocabulary learning in high school students, ultimately contributing to their overall language development.三、教学情境分析题（30分）Question: Teaching Scenario AnalysisScenario:In your secondary school English class, you have just completed a unit on “Exploring Cultural Differences”. The students have shown i nterest in the topic, but you notice that some of them are struggling to engage with the material, particularly when it comes to discussing cultural norms and values. The class consists of diverse students from various cultural backgrounds.Task:Analyze the teaching scenario described above and suggest appropriate strategies to improve student engagement and understanding of the material.Answer:Strategies to Improve Student Engagement and Understanding:1.Interactive Group Discussions:•Divide the class into small groups, each with students from different cultural backgrounds.•Assign each group a specific cultural norm or value to research anddiscuss.•Encourage students to share their own experiences and perspectives, fostering a collaborative learning environment.2.Cultural Exchange Activities:•Organize a “Cultural Day” where students can bring in items or artifacts that represent their own culture.•Have students create presentations or posters about their cultural norms and values.•This activity allows students to learn from each other’s experiences and promotes a deeper understanding of cultural diversity.3.Real-World Connection:•Integrate real-life examples and case studies that illustrate the impact of cultural differences in different contexts.•Use videos, news articles, or literature that explore cultural conflicts or misunderstandings.•This helps students connect the theoretical concepts to real-world situations.4.Critical Thinking Questions:•Pose thought-provoking questions that encourage students to analyze and evaluate different cultural norms and values.•Questions could include: “How might cultural differences affect international business negotiations?” or “What are the potential challenges of living in a culturally diverse society?”5.Role-Playing Exercises:•Create role-playing scenarios where students act out different cultural interactions.•This activity allows students to practice communication skills and understand the nuances of cultural differences in a controlled setting.Explanation:The suggested strategies aim to address the issues of student engagement and understanding in the given scenario. By implementing interactive group discussions, cultural exchange activities, real-world connections, critical thinking questions, and role-playing exercises, the teacher can create a more inclusive and dynamic learning environment. These activities not only encourage students to actively participate but also help them develop empathy, cultural awareness, and critical thinking skills.四、教学设计题（40分）Teaching Design QuestionQuestion:Design a 45-minute lesson plan for a senior high school English class aimed at teaching the theme of “Global Warming” to students. The class consists of 30 students with diverse English proficiency levels. The lesson should include an introduction, a main activity, and a conclusion. Ensure that the lesson incorporates interactive activities, vocabulary building, and grammarpractice.Answer:Lesson Title: “Global Warming: Causes and Solutions”Target Language Skills: Reading, Speaking, Listening, and WritingMaterials:1.Handouts with articles on global warming (one for each student)2.Whiteboard and markers3.Projector and laptop for presentations4.Vocabulary cards5.Group activity handouts6.Writing paperIntroduction (10 minutes):1.Start the class by asking students about their knowledge of global warming. Encourage them to share what they know.2.Show a brief video clip on global warming (e.g., National Geographic documentary) to introduce the topic.3.Summarize the main points from the video and introduce the lesson objectives.Main Activity (25 minutes):1.Divide the class into small groups of 5-6 students.2.Distribute handouts with articles on global warming to each student.3.Instruct each group to read their articles and identify the causes and solutions for global warming.4.Conduct a group discussion, where each group presents their findings to the class. Encourage other students to ask questions and participate in the discussion.5.While groups are presenting, use the vocabulary cards to introduce new terms related to global warming.6.After all groups have presented, ask students to identify the main causes and solutions for global warming.Grammar Practice (5 minutes):1.Introduce the present perfect tense, which is commonly used to describe actions that started in the past and continue to the present or have a present result.2.Provide a brief example sentence and have students practice forming sentences using the present perfect tense.3.Pair students up and have them ask each other questions about global warming, using the present perfect tense.Conclusion (5 minutes):1.Summarize the main points of the lesson, emphasizing the causes and solutions for global warming.2.Ask students to share their thoughts on the topic and discuss what they can do to contribute to solving the problem.3.Assign a writing task: Students should write a short essay (150-200 words) on how they can personally contribute to reducing global warming.Evaluation:•Observe students’ participation in group discussions and presentations.•Assess students’ understanding of the vocabulary and grammar concepts.•Evaluate the quality of the essays written for the conclusion activity.Explanation:The lesson plan incorporates a variety of activities, such as reading, speaking, listening, and writing, to cater to different learning styles. The use of group discussions and presentations encourages students to actively engage with the topic and develop their critical thinking skills. The inclusion of vocabulary cards and grammar practice ensures that students build their language skills while learning about global warming. The writing task at the end of the lesson reinforces the main concepts and encourages students to reflect on their personal contributions to the issue.。
国家教师资格考试高中英语学科知识与教学能力归纳
教师资格考试高中英语学科知识与教学能力归纳模块二语言教学知识与能力高级中学英语教学课程标准英语教学理念重视共同基础，构建发展平台提供多种选择，适应个性需求优化学习方式，提高自主学习能力关注学生情感，提高人文素养完善评价体系，促进学生不断发展教学建议1，面向全体学生，为学生终身发展奠定共同基础2，鼓励学生学习选修课程，加强对选修课指导3，关注学生的情感，营造宽松，民主，和谐的教学氛围4，加强对学生学习策略的指导，帮助他们们形成自主学习的能力5，树立符合新课程要求的教学观念，优化教育教学方式6，利用现代教育技术，拓宽学习和运用英语的渠道7，教师要不断提高专业化水平，与新课程同步发展评价建议1，体现学生在评价中的主题地位2，建立多元化和多样性的评价体系3，注重形成性评价对学生发展的作用4，终结性评价要注重考查学生综合语言运用能力5，注重评价结果去教学效果的反馈作用6，评价应体现必修课和选修课的不同特点7，注重实效，合理恰当的使用评价手段8，各级别的评价要以课程目标为依据第三章英语语言知识教学语音，基本内容包括基本读音，重音，读音的变化，语调与节奏，英语语音差异，在生活中的应用。
教学策略：多元化语音教学手段，提供不同形式的语音材料，接触不同口音，情境中进行语音教学，趣味性。
词汇，包括词义，用法，词汇信息，词汇记忆策略教学策略，词汇学习策略和扩大词汇量结合，口头或书面语言材料与新授词汇结合，词汇项目练习活动与学习目标结合记忆策略，语境，联想词典辅助，图片语法，演绎法deductive，归纳法inductive，语篇教学，1，语篇知识是英语语言知识系统中重要组成部分2，语篇知识和语篇能力可以使其他语言知识的学习更系统高效3，语篇能力的形成是语言交际能力形成的关键因素教学方法整体教学法，线索教学法，背景知识介绍法，段落提问教学方法，讨论教学法英语语言技能教学听力，训练学生对语音的辨别力，培养学生对语音敏感度，语音，语意，语言的感情色彩，培养良好的听力习惯口语，教学策略，听说结合，以听带说，多种口语练习活动，有效使用交际策略；积极回应，使用空白词阅读，写作，选择合适的写作教学模式Product-oriented approachContent-oriented approachProcess-oriented approach使写作任务真实化使写作过程化模块三教学设计学情分析主要问题：以学习成绩为主导，缺乏英语学习环境，词汇量贫乏，学习方法不当解决方法，关注学生情感，创设真实，有趣的教学情境；加强对学生学习策略的指导，帮助形成自主学习能力；利用现代教育技术，拓宽学习和运用英语的渠道教材分析人民教育出版社出版的《普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语》NSEFC外语教学与研究出版社的《英语（新标准）》NSE教材内容选择，1，对内容进行适当补充和删减2，替换教学内容和活动，扩展教学内容或步骤3，调整教学程序4，调整教学方法；教材特点，教学目标，教学内容，学生特点，教学模式，创设教学情境的基本原则：价值性，开放性，生活性，区别性，趣味性，学科性，品味性，时代性。
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英语学科知识与教学能力
考试大纲和考试重点
1、掌握英语语言的基础知识。
（多以单项选择题形式进行考查，其中名词、非谓语动词、复合句等都是考查的重点，应全面复习）2、了解语言研究中与英语教学相关的基本概念和知识，并能在课堂教学中加以运用。
（多以单项选择题形式进行考查，其中语言学及外语教学中的基本概念以及语言学基本知识等为考查重点）。
3、具有良好的语言运动能力，包括用英语进行书面表达、表达思想感情和与学生良好沟通的能力。
具有
获取教学资源和信息的能力。
能够筛选并改编适合初中生英语水平的语言材料。
（本章多以单项选择题的形式出现，考试中容易涉及到教师语言的功能、教师的沟通能力等知识点）。
4、了解英语国家的语言、历史、文学知识。
（涉及不多，英美国家的历史、文化，英美文学中主要作家、作品是重点。
）
5、了解英语教学的基本理论，包括语言观、语言学习观、语言教学观。
了解语言教学基本理论对初中英
语教学的指导作用。
（多以单项选择题和简答题形式进行考查，其中对语言观、语言学习观、语言教学观的概念和语言的结构功能考查居多；语言学习的要素，外语学习的策略和方法，语言教学理论和教学法也是重要知识点；要大致了解教学基本理论对英语教学的知道作用。
）
6、理解《义务教育英语课程标准的内容》，并能在教学设计实施中运用。
（多以单项选择和简答题的形式出现，英语课程标准、教学建议和评价建议是重点。
）
7、掌握英语语言知识（语音、词汇、语法）的教学基本原则、讲解和练习方法。
（多以单项选择和简答的形式出现，要求对语音、词汇、语法以及语篇等教学的基本原则和方法进行熟练掌握，了解四项知识的目标和教学活动设计，能对给出的案例进行有条理的分析。
）
8、掌握英语语言技能（听、说、读、写）的教学原则和训练方法。
（多以单项选择题和简答题的形式进行考查，重点为四项语言技能的训练方法、原则和具体的实施策略。
）9、能结合英语社会文化语境，设计英语知识与技能的教学，实施英语知识和技能的训练。
（可能涉及简答
题和教学情境分析题的形式进行考查，比较容易设计到文化差异下，英语知识、技能的教学设计和教学实施）。
10、了解初中生的认知特点、已有的英语知识、语言能力和学习需求。
能够说明教学内容与学生已学
知识之间的联系。
理解课程标准的目标要求，能够根据学生的特点选择恰当的教学内容。
根据教学内容和学生特点设定合理、明确与具体的教学目标。
（多在教学设计题中考查，也可能在简答题中出现，常提供基本信息（学生的概况，教学时间）和语言素材，要求进行教学设计（用英文作答）。
要求考生能够分析学生的心理和认知特点，把我教材的难易程度，最终实现课程目标）。
11、能够根据教学目标，创设相关的教学情景，设计有效的教学过程，安排合理的教学过程，筛选适
当的辅助教学材料。
（多以教学设计题的形式进行考查，要求教师能够对教学情景进行创新性的设计，巧妙地设计教学活动，合理地安排教学过程，精心地筛选教学材料，条理地编写教学设计）
12、根据教学内容和教学过程，设计有效的学习评估活动
（以单选题、简答题、教学情境分析题等多种形式出现，考生需要掌握有效教学的原则、意义及课堂教学评价的原则、指标体系，并能结合教学设计的题目，对教学进行有效评估，及设计具体的评估活动。
）13、掌握英语课堂教学的基本步骤，掌握英语课堂教学方法的选择及原则，能够使用任务型教学方法，
引导学生参与语言学习活动。
（多以简答题、教学情境分析题等形式进行考查，要了解教学策略内容，并运用到教学中，掌握教学的步骤以及教学方法。
）
14、掌握知道学生学习的方法和策略，运用语言讲解等方式呈现教学内容，运用互动练习等方式帮助
学生精心设计探究式活动，运用提问、反馈等发放，帮助学生有效学习。
（以单选题、简答题、教学情境分析题等多种形式进行考查，重点内容是教师如何灵活运用语言发挥指导作用，如何进行有效提问和反馈的教学技巧，以及课堂教学中如何设计合理科学的探究式活动）。
15、掌握课堂管理基本方法，熟悉课堂活动常用的组织形式，能在教学活动中以学生为中心组织教学，
在课堂的不同阶段发挥教师的作用，掌握课堂总结的方法，能适时地对教学内容进行归纳、总结与评价，科学合理地布置作业。
（多以单选题、简答题、教学情境分析题的形式进行考查，重点是课堂管理的基本方法，课堂活动组织形式，以及教师的角色。
）
16、掌握基本的现代教育技术，能够针对不同的教学内容与教学目标，整合多种资源，选择恰当的辅
助教学手段进行有效教学。
（以教学情境分析题的形式进行考查，重点是现代英语教学技术的特点和作用，以及多种教育资源在课堂上的作用）
17、了解初中英语教学形成性评价和终结性评价的知识与方法，合理运用两种评价。
了解教学案例评
析的基本方法，并能够对所给的教学案例进行评价，了解教学反思的基本方法和策略，能够对自己的教学过程进行反思并提出改进思路。
（以单选题、简答题、教学情境分析题等多种形式进行考查，主要结合教学实施部分呈现，要求教师熟练掌握形成性评价和终结性评价的概念和作用，重点掌握课堂教学案例评析的基本方法、教学反思的方法和改进思路。
）。