教师资格证考试科目三-初中英语考点(英文版)

教师资格证考试科目三-初中英语考点（英文版）

语言学linguistics

1.design feature of language

Arbitrariness\duality\creativity\displacement\cultural transmission

2.function of language

Informative\interpersonal\performative\emotive\phatic\recreational\metalingual

3.辨析

Descriptive vs prescriptive\synchronic vs diachronic\langue vs parole\competence vs performance

4.phonetic

Study: characteristics of speech sounds

分类：with or without obstruction of air stream : vowels /consonant

4.1 vowels (pure vowels monophthongs)

The position of the tongue in the mouth: Front\Central\Back;

The openness of the mouth: close\semi-close\semi-open\open;

The shape of the lips: rounded \unrounded

The length of the vowels:long\short

Diphthongs；falling/rising

4.2 consonent

Manner of articulation:stops\fricative\affricates\liquds\nasals\glides

Place of articulation: bilabial\labio-dental\dental\alveolar\palatal\velar\glottal

Voicing: voiceless\voiced

5 phonology

Study:the distinctive sound units of a language and their relationship to one another

Phone\phoneme\allophone

Phonemic contrast\complementary distribution\minimal pair

6 morphology

Study:internal structure of words

6.1 morpheme: free \bound

6.2 allomorph: root \ affix

6.3 word formation :

derivation\compounding\conversion\clipping\blending\backformation\acronyms and abbreviations\coinage

7 semantics

Study: linguistic meaning

7.1 意义关系：synonymy\homonymy\hyponymy\antonymy\polysemy

7.2 句子关系：X is synonymous with Y;X is inconsistent with Y; X entails Y(Y is an entailment of X);X presupposes Y(Y is a prerequisite of X);X is a contradiction; A is semantically anomalous;

8 pragmatics

Study:

8.1 speech act :locutionary act\illocutionary act\perlocutionary act;

8.2 cooperative principle:quantity\quality\relation\manner maxim

9 修辞学

Simile\metaphor\metonymy\synecdoche\alliteration\end

rhyme\oxymoron\pun\euphemism\parallelism\exaggeration\personification\irony\onomato poeia\synesthesia\transferred\spoonerism

外语教学理论

1 view on language: the structural view of language;\the functional view of language;\ the ineractional view of language;

2 views on language learning：behaviorist theory; \cognitive theory; \constructivist theory; \socio-constructivist theory